Haley Chilcott

5/1/2015
Professor Brown
UWrite 1103
Annotated Bibliography
Child witnesses to domestic violence: A meta-analytic review.
Kitzmann, Katherine M.; Gaylord, Noni K.; Holt, Aimee R.; Kenny, Erin D.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 71(2), Apr 2003, 339-352.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.2.339
This is a study about the different affects that domestic violence has on young
children. It compares the difference in affects between verbal and physical abuse, as well
as if being directly involved in the incidents harms them more than not. This brief
summary allowed me to learn how different types of abuse can affect the children
involved. Many of the statistics are very unexpected and a very eye opening. I felt this
source was very helpful in understanding the affects domestic violence may have on
young children.
"Domestic Violence: Statistics & Facts." Safe Horizon. Safe Horizon, 2015. Web. 01
May 2015. <http://www.safehorizon.org/page/domestic-violence-statistics--facts52.html>.
This website/article provides facts and statistics about domestic violence. It tells
you who is most likely to be victimized, how many people in each gender that are
victimized, where it occurs, along with many other stats. I found this website useful
because it gave me straight facts about the problem of domestic violence. It also allows
you to see that it can happen to everyone, not just women. I would recommend this to a
friend.
From Salt Lake City, Janet. "Redefining Domestic Violence." Janet. This I Believe,
7 Apr. 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2015. <http://thisibelieve.org/essay/134584/>
This is an essay written by a woman named Janet. It tells of her brief experience
with verbal domestic violence. She shares about how it has changed her life for the better
despite how low the abuse made her feel at the time. It also helped guide her career path
because she now helps women who are in abusive relationships. I found this essay very
helpful because it gave a good insight to how these relationships can affect you.
Killerhiphop. "Chris/ Rihana." Killer Hip Hop. N.p., 2012. Web. 1 May 2015.
http://www.killerhiphop.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/chris-rihanna1.jpg
This is a meme that came out recently after the Chris Brown and Rihanna show
down. It captures the cruelty of domestic violence, but has a keen way throwing it back
into Chris Browns face. This is a good source because it can speak easily to a young
crowd to show how shameful domestic violence can be to the perpetrator.

NC, Krista. "Domestic Violence: A Hard Hit Topic." Krista. This I Believe, 30 Aug.
2010. Web. 01 May 2015. <http://thisibelieve.org/essay/85180/>.
This is an essay, which states facts and statistics about what domestic violence is
and how often it may occur. The author also states her opinion on the matter of domestic
violence and how it can be passed on from generation to generation. She also shares how
she was a victim at one point and that this essay is out there to help other women like her.
I found this source helpful because it gave me more facts that I had not yet learned and
because it was very opinionated.
Steiner, Leslie M. "Leslie Morgan Steiner: Why Domestic Violence Victims Don't
Leave." YouTube. YouTube, 23 Jan. 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1yW5IsnSjo
This is a video in which Leslie Steiner shares her story of being in an abusive
relationship. She talks about breaking the stereotype for women in abusive relationship.
She talks about why the women stay in the relationships. She talks about how it can
happen to anyone, any race, gender, and class. This is a useful source because it is eye
opening and helps understand domestic violence in a completely different way then other
things I watched or read. She helps break the silence.
"Saving Lives, Giving Hope." The National Domestic Violence Hotline RSS2. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 01 May 2015. <http://www.thehotline.org/>.
This is a website that was created to help aid those in abusive relationships. You
can find how to reach safety, what the signs are, resources, you can get involved, and you
can blog on this site to reach out to others. This is a great source because it has everything
you would need to help out or to gain security and it all at your fingertips; it has great
information as well.
J
True Activist. "The Video Might Change the Way You See Domestic Violence."
YouTube. YouTube, 24 May 2014. Web. 01 May 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy5vRGtKPY0>.
This is a very eye opening video about how the public reacts to domestic violence
based on gender. This video shows a man abusing a woman and how the public is quick
to step in and help. It also shows the reverse of a woman abusing a man and how the
public just watches and laughs. This video makes you realize that men are abused just
like women and that it is just as serious. This is a very useful source because it brings a
whole different view to domestic violence.

COPIED ARTICLES:
This meta-analysis examined 118 studies of the psychosocial outcomes of children
exposed to interparental violence. Correlational studies showed a significant association
between exposure and child problems (dd= -0.29). Group comparison studies showed
that witnesses had significantly worse outcomes relative to nonwitnesses (dd= -0.40) and
children from verbally aggressive homes (dd= -0.28), but witnesses' outcomes were not
significantly different from those of physically abused children (dd= 0.15) or physically
abused witnesses (dd= 0.13). Several methodological variables moderated these results.
Similar effects were found across a range of outcomes, with slight evidence for greater
risk among preschoolers. Recommendations for future research are made, taking into
account practical and theoretical issues in this area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2012 APA, all rights reserved)

What is Domestic Violence?

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Domestic Violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another person through
fear and intimidation, often including the threat or use of violence.
Other terms for domestic violence include intimate partner violence, battering, relationship abuse, spousal
abuse, or family violence.
Who is Most Likely to Suffer from Domestic Abuse or Become a Victim of Domestic Violence?
Domestic violence and abuse can happen to anyone, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation,
income, or other factors.
Women and men can be victims of domestic violence.
How Many Men are Domestic Violence Victims?

Men are victims of nearly 3 million physical assaults in the USA.

How Often Does Domestic Violence Occur?

1 in 4 women will experience domestic violence during her lifetime.

Why Does Domestic Abuse Happen?

No victim is to blame for any occurrence of domestic abuse or violence.

While there is no direct cause or explanation why domestic violence happens, it is caused by the abuser or
perpetrator.
When and Where Does Domestic Violence Occur?

Domestic violence is most likely to take place between 6 pm and 6 am.

More than 60% of domestic violence incidents happen at home.
What Happens to Victims of Domestic Violence?

Domestic violence is the third leading cause of homelessness among families, according to the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development.
At least 1/3 of the families using New York Citys family shelter system are homeless due to domestic
violence.
Domestic Violence in America: General Statistics and Facts

Women ages 20 to 24 are at greatest risk of becoming victims of domestic violence.

More than 4 million women experience physical assault and rape by their partners.
1 in 3 female homicide victims are murdered by their current or former partner every year.

What are the Effects of Domestic Violence on Children?

More than 3 million children witness domestic violence in their homes every year.
Children who live in homes where there is domestic violence also suffer abuse or neglect at high rates (30%
to 60%).
Children exposed to domestic violence at home are more likely to have health problems, including
becoming sick more often, having frequent headaches or stomachaches, and being more tired and lethargic.
Children are more likely to intervene when they witness severe violence against a parent which can place
a child at great risk for injury or even death.
What are the Effects of Domestic Violence on Mental Health?
Domestic violence victims face high rates of depression, sleep disturbances, anxiety, flashbacks, and other
emotional distress.
Domestic violence contributes to poor health for many survivors including chronic conditions such as heart
disease or gastrointestinal disorders.
Most women brought to emergency rooms due to domestic violence were socially isolated and had few
social and financial resources.
What is the Economic Cost of Domestic Violence?

Domestic violence costs more than $37 billion a year in law enforcement involvement, legal work, medical
and mental health treatment, and lost productivity at companies.
What Happens if Domestic Violence Victims Do Not Receive Help?

Without help, girls who witness domestic violence are more vulnerable to abuse as teens and adults.
Without help, boys who witness domestic violence are far more likely to become abusers of their partners
and/or children as adults, thus continuing the cycle of violence in the next generation.
#1 FACT: Most domestic violence incidents are never reported.
Help change the facts. Speak up, speak out, and make a difference for victims of domestic violence.

While I was attending college, one of my best friends was involved in the stereotypical trainwreck relationship. Over and over again I told her to break up with him, providing a seemingly
endless list of reasons, he doesnt have a job, he doesnt treat you right, or, sometimes more
compassionately, he isnt good enough for you. For the longest time, I believed she simply
lacked strength, until I became that friend. My ex-boyfriend was wealthy, college educated and
business savvy. He was the stereotypical charmer. Conversations were always intellectually
stimulating, and it seemed perfect, but in the depths of my heart, I knew that something was not
right. This became evermore apparent as the man of my dreams evolved into a nightmare. The
man who had once lavished me with attention now put me down. He became emotionally abusive
just as others had warned me he would be. He called me insecure and weak and blamed me for
every conflict we faced. I endured it all, becoming anxious and walking on eggshells daily just to
please him. One day, that all changed. He sent me a scathing message saying that I needed to
shower three times a day if he was ever going to be seen with me, among other more callous
things I had already become conditioned to hear. It is shameful to admit that it took him insulting
my personal hygiene for me to finally let go and realize that he did not deserve me and that I was
a better person for it.
After such an experience, its hard to pick up the pieces. Its hard to come to terms with being
that friend. For the first time in my life, I had to reevaluate myself. I realized he had exploited
an insecurity of mine: I had always depended on others to define my self-worth. Instead of crying
about it, however, I rose from the ashes of my brief encounter with domestic violence. I joined a

service fraternity, I got involved on my campus as a graduate student and I came to terms with my
weaknesses. I also volunteered and now work at a domestic violence shelter. I found reasons to be
proud of myself for the first time and through this experience, I found my true calling in life.
Coming into daily contact with women at the shelter and experiencing emotional abuse myself
made me realize that it could happen to anyone and that there really were no ways to spot red
flags early on. I also realized, however, that I could contribute to helping these women by being a
support to them, being patient, being empathetic and remembering where I was. Knowledge of
ones self-worth is powerful, and since then, any contribution I can make to build a woman up is
something I always strive to do. As domestic violence becomes an increasingly prevalent theme
in relationships throughout the country, I strive to make a difference one woman at a time.

I believe that domestic violence is a detrimental and inhumane way of handling ones anger
against one another. Domestic violence is the act of abusing ones domestic partner. Domestic
violence is also intimidation, sexual abuse, or battery. Another form of domestic violence is
stalking.
Domestic violence is not just a small issue around the world, it has a much greater impact on the
population that what we may think. It is estimated that 1.3 million women are abused each year
by their partner. Another mind blowing fact is that one in every four women will be a victim of
domestic violence during their lifetime. In addition to these gruesome facts, domestic violence is
the leading cause of injuries to women. Lastly, thirty percent of women are murdered by either
their husband or boyfriend.
Not only is there just physical domestic violence, there is verbal and sexual. Verbal domestic
violence is when someone talks down to their domestic partner. Examples of verbal violence are
threats, mind games, and talking down to them. The main goal of verbal violence is for the person
to feel either guilty or bad about their self. Sexual violence is when you abuse the person
sexually. An example of sexual abuse is either rape or molestation. Either way, all forms of
domestic violence cause great harm to one person.

The effects on the victims of domestic violence are both emotional and physical. The physical
types of abuses are anywhere from scratches and bruises to broken bones or sexually transmitted
disease caused by rape. In most cases, the emotional effects domestic violence has on people are
depression, self-mutilation, isolation, substance abuse, anxiety, lying to cover up the abuse,
aggressiveness, or sometimes suicide. Another effect the abuse has on victims is the feeling of
being trapped. The victims feel trapped due to the abuser making them feel like less of a person
and like theres no way out. When you think about it, the horrible affects domestic violence has
on people is almost worse than the actual abuse itself.
Domestic violence is also an awful way of expressing ones anger because it can be passed from
generation to generation. Its been show in studies that men who were abused as a child were
twice as likely to abuse their domestic partner as to person who was not abused. Witnessing
domestic violence between a childs parents is the number one risk factor to transmitting
domestic violence to the next generation. Domestic violence is an awful way to express ones
anger because it can cause generations of pain.
All in all, domestic violence is an inhumane way of showing ones anger against ones domestic
partner. I chose to write my essay on this topic because I have been a victim of domestic violence
in a past relationship. I would like to reach out and help victims of domestic violence because I
know first hand how it feels to be treated in such an inhumane way and I believe no girl should be
put through such an immense amount of pain.