Netzler 1

Lagi Netzler
Mrs. Turnbeaugh
English 1010
May 2, 2015

Annotated Bibliography
I chose to write about Regenerative Medicine (RM) because I find it to be an interesting
field of science and health; it is a revolutionary, upcoming field of science, health and technology
born from stem cell research. Regenerative Medicine is meant to help people heal their bodies by
regrowing body parts from their own cells. The fact that this has been happening for at least the
past decade is remarkable at the very least; since its now possible for humans to make like
geckoes and regrow themselves from themselves, theres more reason to believe that virtually
anything in science fiction can come to life.
The two objects I pose that may still be obstacles for making regenerative medicine easily
accessible to everyone are ethics and money; As far as I know, embryos arent used for testing in
regenerative medicine. Though thats done in its predecessor field of embryonic stem cell
research, morals and values of different societies around the world still might not agree with the
work done in RM. And even though different agencies have given grants to researchers for
making this novel medicine possible, there isnt a proven & successful business model available
to make treatments of RM more affordable to supply and sell to everyone, With respect to those
issues that could be a problem for active RM proponents, I bring forth a question: Are these
significant obstacles worth tackling to help many people heal and thrive again via Regenerative

Netzler 2
Medicine? To see if it is, Im going to go into what it is and what it does before I offer the
different outlooks onto Regenerative Medicine that may help answer this question.

Textor, Katy. "Growing Body Parts." CBS News. 13 Dec. 2009. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.
<http://www.cbsnews.com/news/growing-body-parts-21-07-2010/>.
This is a source that discusses some background information on what Regenerative Medicine is
and how it does what it does.
Summary: This article is an interview Morley Safer of CBSNews did with Dr. Anthony
Atala of North Carolinas Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine (the worlds largest
lab for bioengineering body parts), Dr. Stephen Badylak of the McGowan Institute for
Regenerative Medicine in Pittsburgh, Dr. Steven Wolf from the Army's Institute for Surgical
Research and three other patients whove been healed from Regenerative Medicine. It talks about
how modern technology gives way to Regenerative Medicine, a new field of diagnostic care that
helps people heal by replacing body parts gone missing or gone bad. The replacement body parts
a patient would need are made with the patients cells. In other words, their new guts are made
from themselves. There are different ways to do it: One way involves applying cell therapy onto
where a body part is missing and attaching it to body part needed from a cadaver, another way
involves making a 3D model of a needed body part before spraying it with the patients isolated
and replicated stem cells, and another way involves tricking the body into repairing and
regrowing itself with a structure found in all species called extracellular matrix. The three
patients whove been healed in these ways have recovered and got improvement in their physical

Netzler 3
functioning and life overall. These miraculous, scientific and medical happenings gives hope to
people on waiting lists for organ transplants and people who are disabled.
Evaluation: This was a good source for me to use in this project because there was a lot
of authority held on both sides of the interview; the interviewer was a representative of CBS
News, the interviewees either have doctors who run these renowned RM labs or patients who
were healed by their work. This article is also timely because it was edited only 4 and a half
years ago. Purpose is strong and it pulls at peoples emotions; to have limbs that make you live
and be healthy again where one couldnt walk, eat or relieve themselves without much frustration
is a beautiful thing to have. Some take it for granted because throughout all of history, it was
always thought that people get only the body parts they have and thats it. Once its diseased or
lost, they live without. That can be hard. But its becoming different these days.
Reflection: It was informative, interesting, and one of the first articles I ever read on RM
that got me wanting to learn about what it does in the first place. The interesting factor was
what even got me pulling through with reading and studying this source in the first place. Every
time I read it, Im still touched at how the patients interviewed in the article had their lives
changed for the better because of this stunning kind of diagnostic care.

Goepp, Julius. "Regenerative Medicine Breakthroughs." Life Extension 14.11 (2008): 52-61. Alt
HealthWatch. Web. 10 Apr. 2015.
This next source will go into a little more detail of what RM does and how it broke away from the
controversial use of embryos. This way, itll be easier to go over why RM can not only improve

Netzler 4
ones health and wellbeing, but also reverse aging. Its for this reason why this source was used as
a representative of the health perspective for this annotated bibliography.
Summary: With the help of an overview of notions, studies and experiments from August
Weismann, Leonard Hayflick and Alexy Olovnikov and the mentioning of RM news from
Harvard researchers at the time of this article, world renowned gerontology researcher Dr.
Michael West explains how RM helps improve ones well-being, save lives and eventually make
people live much longer through use of stem cells.
Researchers and scientists in the RM field have found ways to use stem cells and their
proteins (telomerase especially) for renewing and rebuilding somatic cells in the body. This is
done in laboratories in two ways: 1). introduction of transcription factors (DNA proteins that
help replicate DNA and cells), including telomerase, into somatic cells. This turns them into new
and healthy cells, and in turn makes their tissues and organs new and healthy. Way 2). application
of stem cells from germ line cells like zygotes to any damaged cell tissue; though all stem cells
have telomerase, stem cells from zygotes have the power to become all kinds of tissue. Hence
the sense in putting stem cells from the embryo onto somatic tissue that needs healing and
replicating.
Therefore, the guts and gut components remade or renewed in RM are made from the
human and for the human. But this work isnt done with embryonic stem cells alone.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), which are somatic cells gone stem in the lab with
the help of inserting transcription factors (including telomerase) from gametes, function almost
just like embryonic stem cells. The two differences that make iPS stand out? 1). iPS cells are

Netzler 5
somatic cells replicated in vitro to act almost like embryonic stem cells and 2). Embryo stem
cells dont need to be harvested for iPS therapy.
This makes it possible to not just repair and make healthy tissue from and for a given
human, but for their bodies to be younger and longer-living without killing embryos.
Even though progress is made on how to grow and rebuild body parts, Dr. West and his
BioTime researchers still couldnt figure out how the stem cells knew what to be without making
body parts incorrectly. They just knew they could make many kinds of stem cells different kinds
of tissues; no matter the conditions of the cellular environment researchers put the iPS cells in,
the appropriate stem cells needed in their surroundings came forth to make and fix whatever the
body needed. Thats how RM gives hope to anyone needing restored function for any part of
their body, be the function impaired/lost due to age, genetics, injury or ailments.
As a side note, even though stem cells are supposed to replicate forever as long as their
organisms species survives, it doesnt mean that theyre meant to go telomerase-hyper for selfreplication out of control and into cancer. Telomerase in stem cells build telomeres when the cell
needs it, not for the cells to go trigger-happy on the mitosis.
This should give hope to the elderly; even though the regenerative medicinal discoveries
mentioned were all early in the stages of RM, the fact that its finally possible to live healthier
with body parts remade to be young is astonishing. Kids with cardiovascular diseases that age
them can have arteries healthy and biologically age appropriate. ALS patients can have their ALS
progression slowed down with the growth of more motor neurons, and neurons are hard to
regrow. Musculoskeletal stem cell studies in labs and animals have reported functional bone and

Netzler 6
cartilage tissue that looks like young muscle and bones. And mice with progressive neural
diseases have been healing up, so it should also help patients with brain tumors.
From Dr. Michael West: The problem is that so many people still believe that aging is
inevitablewhat they don't understand is the immortality of the species. I know this defies
common wisdom, but common wisdom is perhaps wrong: the reality is that we're born from cells
that have been proliferating since the dawn of life on Earth. That's just the way it is."
Evaluation: It was easy to see how meticulous the studies researchers made on making
somatic cells go stem. There was a lot of sources and genetic-cellular facts seen in the article that
helped back up findings made by Weismann, Hayflick, Olovnikov, Dr. West of the present and a
team study from Japans Kyoto University about making somatic cells go stem without embryos.
6,000 other studies and their findings done in 2008 were done on the same field of research to
support the articles content. Since 2008 was also not that long ago this article not only full of
using logic to persuade, but is relevant to the times.
Since the people involved in the articles have doctorates and/or reputation of some sort in
large numbers theres a great deal of authority to appeal the audience with.
For the author to tug at the heartstrings of those who want to live longer or be healed
from physical ailments with his writing is one way to have emotional appeal. The way he wrote
about scientists breaking away from killing embryos to progress the research of RM takes the
ethical appeal to another level; its a general assumption that across many cultures, we want our
young to be protected. Purpose is so strong in this article; theyre writing about a sweeping new
field is thatll help so many people once the worlds masses have access.

Netzler 7
Reflection: For a few reasons, availability of time and resources as the main one, it took
me a while to find an article that could explain at the microscopic level why stem cells can do
their amazing RM magic with tissue thats already made into different body parts. So finding this
article that met all my criteria for breaking down the health perspective of this paper was worth
all time taken to find it. If I aim to discuss the papers health perspective in order to talk of all the
ways RM can improve ones health and wellbeing, it makes sense to break down how RM does
exactly that as best as I can. I can do that best with an article like this one.

Nelson, Laura. "New-World Success In Old-World Style." New Scientist 188.2528 (2005): 58-59.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.
This article will be used to go over the probable economic outlook of our nation with respect to
RM studies done in the US: if the way were doing science is economically helping other nations
like Ireland, surely making RM go big in our post-recession nation will help our economy too.
Summary: Ever since Ireland started to copy the way America does science via stem cell
research, Irish researchers that left home to do work in America have migrated back home to
carry out their work. Even more interesting, a rare reverse brain-drain happened as a result from
American researchers leaving the states to do work in Ireland as well. The government believes
in this movement so much that theyre putting more money into building this team of science
researchers with focus on their strongest sciences of Regenerative Medicine and Bioengineering.
Focus on their strengths in proteomics and nanotechnology is honed in on this too. Theyre doing
all of this not just to fix the economy, but to eventually become a world leader in science.

Netzler 8
Twenty percent of the people whove migrated to part of the research teams are
foreigners. That was unheard of in the 80s. What the government is doing to prevent it all from
backfiring is working on the gender imbalance within the team by getting more women in the
field. Theyre also planning on getting into stem cell research by working on therapy for chronic
osteoarthritis and getting tech-savvy with nanotechnology like in Japan and China. One of the
biggest biotech manufacturing lab in the world has been made for biopharmaceuticals, and more
to come with the optimism and progress in Irish Science.
Evaluation: The purpose of writing this was legit; it showed us how RM along with other
sciences can change the world by giving us an example of how one country started to change for
the better with science. This should evoke happy emotions in others because a nation that grows
from harder times is always a good thing; living in America during and after our most recent
recession, it was and still is good to see things slowly looking up with the economic growth here.
So Im glad to read of this same situation giving optimism for other places trying to rise up.
Hopefully Irelands still growing from all of this expansion of their science sector, since the
article was written about ten years ago. With respect to persuasion through authority and ethics,
nothing was harmed in this article and the institutions built from this progression of science in
Ireland speaks for itself.
Reflection: America may not be perfect, it has its pros and cons. But when someone like
me hears too much about everything our nation is doing wrong, it makes me happy to hear that
were still doing some stuff right and that we can still be a positive influence on other countries
and help people. It was cool to see how regenerative medicine and just the sciences in general is
helping bring some people back to Ireland; theres a saying that there are more Samoans living

Netzler 9
outside of Samoa than inside Samoa. Saddens me as a Samoan American. I wish Ireland the best
in their ventures.

"Surprising Methods Heal Wounded Troops." CBSNews. Associated Press, 9 Sept. 2012. Web. 18
Apr. 2015. <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/surprising-methods-heal-woundedtroops/2/>.
This article will then go over the American military has been changed by regenerative medicine.
Summary: Americas newest vets and wounded troops are getting help being fixed up
with regrown skin, muscles and/or body parts to replace their maimed or lost ones. A lot of the
research was funded with taxpayer money since the federal government made AFIRM, the
Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine, to use $300 million for researching in stem
cells and advanced plastic surgery for warriors whove been wounded. Some of the work these
researchers have done include: 1). growing ears that are anatomically correct for humans and
implanting them on rats backs to nourish them for more study (that which wont happen to
humans who need ears; theyll have them implanted where theyre supposed to go), 2).
regrowing needed muscle for new vets/troops whove lost part of a limbs muscle post surgery
with pig extracellular matrix, 3). fixing facial and jawbone effects, and 4). regrowing skin for
new vets/troops with their skin or some babys foreskin for processing and regrowing in the lab.
And though prosthetics are becoming more advanced, most people prefer to just have
transplants. But some transplants, like skin transplants for face, still face rejection from the
bodys immune system despite immune-suppressing medicinal cream rubs. (which is why we
need RM because the transplants are made from the patients own cells, not someone elses).

Netzler 10
Reconstructive surgery is advancing too.
These movements in science, medicine and technology can heal the body. Now its up to
troops and people helping them fix their emotional wounds.
Evaluation: There is authority in whats said for three reasons; CBSNews put this article
on their website, the Associated Press name is on it, AFIRM, Veteran Affairs: Research and
Affairs and Operation Mend are all organizations known for helping troops heal their bodies, and
the people involved can be looked up on search engines to show information about them that
backs up this article. Since this wasnt written too long ago (over two and a half years ago),
theres little to no reason to believe that this writing doesnt apply to today.
The fact that this is written in the news to show the progress of RM in troops gives this
article strong purpose. Theres emotional and logical pull to this article too, because it shows that
these improvements in science, medicine and technology will better help troops. In this way, the
researchers give their all for them the way they did for us.
Reflection: Being able to move and live as an average human is a beautiful ability many
take for granted until they cant do it anymore. So its very touching to read about how these
bioengineering feats are helping injured warriors past and present get a second chance at living a
normal life. The work these researchers do is a very great way to thank them for all theyve done.
This piece of writing is one more great example of showing people that its ok to have
feelings in objective work like making observations for experiments or carrying out the mission.

Bhattacharya, Niranjan, Phillip Stubblefield, Sanjukta Bhattacharya, and Sushanta Banerjee.

"Ethics and Moral Principles in the Practice of Medicine." Regenerative Medicine: Using

Netzler 11
Non-Fetal Sources of Stem Cells. I ed. Vol. I. London: Springer-Verlag, 2015. 281-282.
Print.
This excerpt discusses how ethics are involved with Regenerative Medicine.
Summary: Medical ethics is a framework of principles that applies morals and value
judgements to medicine. However, since ethics are decided from society to society, theres no
universal code of morals and ethics; whats wrong in one culture may be right in another.
There are certain dogmas within ethics that are applicable all across the board, despite
standards of nonconformist groups who still may oppose them. One of the most important of
those dogmas is the sanctity of life. Medical ethics is all about embracing the sanctity of life.
And sometimes, the problem with getting society to progress and embrace that sanctity of
life is that super gifted people bring us closer to those universal truths (or acceptable-all-acrossthe-board-dogmas)... just for other people to use religion and ethics to throw them out. It
happens a lot whenever theres a breakthrough in any of the sciences.
And sometimes, people are welcomed into the very societies that couldve very well cast
them out for their brilliant, innovative minds, e.g. Galileo and his theory on heliocentrism, Da
Vinci and his artistic gift opening peoples hearts to studying anatomy, etc.
The point? We wouldve stayed stuck in the cave days if people didnt dare challenge the
status quo for understanding the truth...while upholding the sanctity of life, even if it meant being
made fun of, shunned, or killed. Some people cant do that right, some people cant do that at all.
Besides, the ethics of any given place and time will stretch to accept whats unacceptable
whenever truths are uncovered anyway.

Netzler 12
Even though leaders in various religions throughout history were always trying to tell
people in medicine what was wrong or right with what they were doing, we have some of them
to thank; the field of medical ethics wouldnt exist to try and keep healers e.g. doctors,
physicians, researchers, caregivers, etc. in check if it wasnt for them. That way, these healers
that intend to care (as they very well should be) are free to practice the main concern of medical
ethics on those theyre healing: do good while doing no harm to anyone.
The sad part? At times throughout history, harm was done in order to gain power in the
world via the same experiments intended to help uphold the sanctity of life.
Evaluation: After searching around on Google books to find out more info on the
contributors of the chapter, I found out that all four of them had medical doctorates at the least
with other degrees and certifications. And since they all either contributed to the book, work in
the field of Regenerative Medicine, or both, there is a heavy pull of authority involved with this
source. The fact that this two page excerpt from the chapter made lots of historical references for
medicine gives the article more pull for anyones logos.
Dont know if there was any emotion intended to be evoked from readers. But it sure did
evoke mine. Since this book just came out this year in March, there is plenty of timeliness to this
writing. Purpose runs strong through the excerpt for all the same reasons it did in all the other
sources yet. And as for its ethos its an excerpt on Medical Ethics. Seriously?
Reflection: Its one thing to find recent articles, but Im super glad that I found this one:
its very up-to-date and in depth. Of course my other sources were insightful, but Im just saying
that it was quite challenging to find articles as most recent as possible. The interest Im gaining
in this book and its field makes me wish I had money and time to buy and read the whole book.

Netzler 13
Now back to the excerpt. It was interesting to read about how medical ethics came to be
in the first place. I didnt even know its a field of study. The one thing that got to me the most
towards the end was how the article said some would use the same experiments meant to uphold
the sanctity of life for power while harming that very sanctity. I felt that way because its messed
up, and it also had me thinking about how some people harm to heal (harm the sanctity of life in
order to uphold it), which is very ironic. Case in point with how researchers healed people in
stem cell research by killing embryos.
A philosophy teacher in junior high once explained to me how the ends dont justify the
means. With that in mind, Im glad that we got some Regenerative Medicine going on without
killing embryos now. But the fact that this beautiful field of science came from research that
killed unborns bothers me; Its already helping all these different people, yet the means to get
there started from research that healed with life via destruction of life, never mind that they
didnt get to develop as a full grown baby. Never mind that these babies didnt get to realize their
full potential, though they couldve grown to be influential researchers, teachers, world leaders
and what not. And never mind whether or not the babies came to be in vitro or in vivo, theyre
still babies. Whatever ones stance is on killing and torture for research, killing embryos for
research doesnt cut it for me and my morals. But Ill just agree to disagree.
The point? Im struggling to wrap my brain around whether or not the ends of RMs fruit
thus far justified the means of embryo death to get there; if cells are taught in biology to be the
smallest unit of life, embryos are a conglomerate of cells making a whole organism, and these
living organisms are miniature versions of us, then the sanctity of life was harmed to heal it.

Netzler 14
Whether or not its all justified, Im looking at it like how Id look at a child who became
a genuine, good and charismatic person though his loving dad wasnt always the best father; RM,
the child, just came to be the way a child comes to existence. And even though there were some
bad aspects to his great parent, stem cell research, people have to remember that the child isnt
the dad. So whether or not the sons justified by being born from his dad, the child just came to
be regardless. Thats why you gotta thank the dad for helping make the kid. Pops aint all bad,
and the boys growing to keep doing great things anyway.

Bubela, Tania, and Christopher McCabe. "Value-Engineered Translation For Regenerative

Medicine: Meeting The Needs Of Health Systems." Stem Cells & Development 22.
(2013): 89-93. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Apr. 2015.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3883180/
This source will be written on with respect to addressing the financial issues of RM making a
return and profit, despite the optimism.
Summary: RM and all its tissue re-growing glory is estimated around the world to
generate millions to billions of dollars with hundreds and thousands of jobs. Countries from all
over are competing to be the reigning champion of running the field, and the US is funding for it
like crazy.
Despite the positive outlook, there hasnt been any proven business models to make this
work; no large-scale corporate companies have locked down on investing in the researchers
work. Its expensive to pay for such complex medicine, even though its progressed so far.

Netzler 15
Nonetheless, business models keep emerging. One includes making needed products in
bulk for sale (like off the counter, but off the shelf AKA allogenous product development),
another one involves processing cells from and for the patient off site (autologous cell
processing). But again, the problem with all that is that since the science is complex, it provides
for many different ways to combo the different cell therapies of RM together. Which means that
if one of the combinations fail to do its job, itll mess up everything for that whole therapy within
RM, its funds included.
Will healthcare payers pull through with paying enough to make profit for the technology
used? Because developers cant assume that what they make will get paid for once it hits the
market; they have to react to how demanders react to their supply. Things stand in the way of
them finding their target markets to avoid this problem, but theres hope so long a health care
system or systems pays for the RM technology, the RM technology containing good value for
money gets paid for, manufacturers get profit, healthcare payers get product that doesnt fail and
social values keep pulling through for retaining and growing product demand.
Since the RM market needs to not unintentionally plot their demise by making super high
production costs in hopes of still profiting later like the biopharmeceutical market did, they need
to avoid that by considering some things: how much will legislative law making affect RMs role
in the economy, how much making the stuff and licensing it costs and paying attention to what
sells and what doesnt in order to know what to invest in.
Evaluation: The authors are said to be a part of Canadian University and have plenty of
sources to back up their work. Various biology organizations involved with RM back their study
up too, and so does their editor. Didnt see too much emotional/ethical pull in the writing, but it

Netzler 16
did mention making sure that RM manufacturers paid attention to social values and how thatll
affect the markets pull towards profit or deficit. Timeliness and purpose was present since it was
written in 2013 and written with so much objectiveness and factuality.

Morrison, Michael, and Lucas Cornips. "Exploring The Role Of Dedicated Online
Biotechnology News Providers In The Innovation Economy." Science, Technology &
Human Values 37.3 (2012): 262-285. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Apr. 2015.
Since there are obviously some business model issues with respect to economy that might slow
RMs progress, would Biotech media be of help? Well go into that in analyzing this next source.
Summary: Things that seemed impossible to happen in the future arent just mere hype
anymore thanks to technoscientific discoveries made. It helps for spreading optimism in our
societys future, as national and international economic operations key in onto technoscientific
field like the RM field. So its easy to see why this biotech industry is not only becoming a
value-knowledge based economy (where smarts make the economy go round), but why it
brings about a double-promise of really helping society and cashing in while growing the
economy (nationally and internationally).
This promise makes for great stories thatll help the growth of RM. And sometimes, in
order for new products to be sold, their stories need to be told. Like, literally sold for this to work
for RM. Heres how.
One way? Biotech news providers (e.g. Xconomy and Fierce Biotech, along with some
other dedicated news providers) have get info they repackage from press releases out in the open
for people to listen. Other people like Pollock and Williams promissory groups (another kind of

Netzler 17
biotech communications media) actively get into strategic economic management by telling
sellers how to say stuff to people that evaluate their product. In other words, they produce
expectations about expectations. Though the Biotech news industry reports on many things
biotech, the case study was narrowed down to the progress of RM; for several reasons it became
a perfect case study because of great timing: RMs work is already able to happen but its not yet
marketed enough.
The paper talks more and more about how it did its study (grabbing stories and placing
them into categories or codes), how the biopharmaceutical approach to supply and demand
may not work for RM (since one cant just make and buy bladders over the counter) and how the
study needs to be broadened out of the western world to get a much better picture of whats
going on. Also, they drive home the point that innovation will mean a lot to investors, but getting
its fruits will come at a cost in order talk on all these possibilities of the future.
Evaluation: Plenty of legitimate sources to back up this writing and the study its about.
The authors work in fields related to RM amongst other fields of biology. Wasnt sure if I was
supposed to look out for ethical-emotional pulls of persuasion, because I didnt find them when I
searched for it. And that kind of analytical, down-to-business tone this article gave me the
impression that those two elements of appeal were intended to not be there. Article is from 2012
so theres some timeliness to this piece of writing. And purpose is strong like the other sources
due to the matter and extent of the studies carried out.
Reflection: All I have to say was that this was probably the one source Ive struggled with
analyzing the most. But with time restraints, I summarized and caught the most important points
as best as I could anyway. I never thought of how news was actually a means of getting funds for

Netzler 18
advanced technology; the way Im used to seeing things in the news whenever I do decide to
watch the news, technology makes a name and profit for itself before hitting the news and then
thats before I remember the day I first learned about the field of RM from some CBS News
documentaries in high school, 2010.
Why do I mention that? RM was still jumping those financial, economic hurdles when I
first heard of it, yet it still made the news. And it made it not just through any biotech media of
communication, but a mainstream corporate kind that gets to the whole nation fast like CBS.
Hopefully the coverage CBS has been doing on RM since I saw that report at school has helped
bring in more public and private investors the way biotech medias been trying to. Makes me
appreciate mass media in general a little more, despite how flawed, shady and biased it seems to
be to me at times.

Salter, Brian. "State Strategies And The Geopolitics Of The Global Knowledge Economy: China,
India And The Case Of Regenerative Medicine." Geopolitics 14.1 (2009): 47-78.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 15 Apr. 2015.
Though theres been some mentioning of other countries in this paper, weve mostly gone into
how RM is playing out in America. Now heres how its growth is playing out in other countries.
Summary: Countries around the world like China and India are economically competing
against developed countries, where the best of biotech is believed to be, to be where theyre at.
People around the world believe that theres value to RM, but many factors like cultural
response, making the supplies, supply and demand, where the scientific studies go, and having a
successful business model doesnt clear up how it has value and whether itll all work out.

Netzler 19
Things that could go wrong? Governments of different countries dont know how RM
will play out in politics, yet not investing in it will make them look bad economically. And the
governments that jump on board too late will be too behind to catch up with the competition.
Countries that are developing in Asia, namely China and India, know of what they have
and dont have for resources when it comes to competing with the Westerners. But they believe
that this will help them grow economically, so they know the importance of jumping on the
biotech bandwagon with RM. Private investors will need help from the government for
investments this risky if theyre going to help pay for this to work out in any of these countries.
And scientists will do great with promoting their work if they keep convincing the public and
politicians to believe in it, but will risk everything if they start to hype/over-hype their work.
This worldwide competition is starting to threaten Western countries. For example,
Germany had a study in 2006 that suggested that researchers need to start upping the ante on the
research to hurry and make some RM products. Otherwise, theyll lose their spot as one of the
international top dogs of the field.
However, the underdog countries of the regenerative medicine field in Asia feel just as
threatened. Nevertheless, South Korea and Singapore jumped on board with China and India
with investments into RM and research for it. These four nations invested millions/billions of
their money to get things going; the Westerners are building on what they have, but these
countries are just trying to build themselves period.
America and Europe is funding too, but theyve moved away from investment firms and
looking to legislative promotion of RM instead. China and India do the same thing in their
governments. What China and India need, despite Chinas WIPOs Patent Cooperation Treaty, is

Netzler 20
to get like Japan and South Korea and make use of national and international patenting systems if
theyre going to keep up with the global intellectual economy and cash in financially.
The discourse then turns to matters like scientific infrastructure, patenting, foreign
investments and foreign investments with different countries.
However each country does it, opportunities and responses are different in each country
studying RM. But how they respond are a big key into how well they succeed. Because either
way, geopolitics will react to and reshape regenerative medicine, no matter what country the new
medical field will virally infect next.
Evaluation: Brian Salter, amongst various interests and credentials, is the Director of the
Global Biopolitics Research Centre. As noted in the Acknowledgements section of the article:
The research for this article formed part of the Global Politics of Human Embryonic Stem Cell
Project funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Councils Stem Cell Programme.
Plus he has almost 140 credible resources to back up all he says. So I doubt that there was much
of an ethos-pathos appeal to all he said needed, because it wasnt there and he only needed the
logos to drive everything home. In fact, there was so much of it that it would be foolish to not see
how there wasnt any purpose or strong purpose involved in this article. Since its dated from
2009, its still of timely relevance to now.
Summary: Remember when I said that this biotech source was hard to analyze and resynthesize? Yeah this source was harder.
But the writing was very in depth with how RM was globalizing. It was so in depth that I
had to put limits on how to summarize this before it turned into a project paper within a project

Netzler 21
paper. I got the feel that this paper was more about the West vs. East and less of the country
against country kind of competition I imagined Id be reading about.
Never before have I seen how important intelligence was in pushing nations forward until
doing this project. In a sense, its a no-duh sense of thinking for those who grew up in societies
where education is either promoted or of utmost importance Yet researching with articles like
this one have me appreciating these ways of thinking so much more because itll help nations
out.