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UNODC

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United Nations Office


on Drugs and Crime
Identity related Crimes

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"If UNODC provides services that you require, or if you would like to
support our work, please call on us. Working together to take action
against drugs, crime, corruption and terrorism, we can increase security
and improve the lives of individuals, families and communities all over the
world."

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Yury Fedotov

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Dear Delegates:

UNODC

Welcome to UNODC committee for British School 2015 MUN. We hope


this conference is going to be as enriching for you, delegates, as well
as for us.
My name is Mara Paula Lora, I am a senior student at the Humboldt
School and I will be your committees director during this weekend. I have
been participating in MUN since 7th grade and had also enjoyed myself in
unique debate experiences. I am very excited and happy, that for this time,
I entitled the opportunity to direct a debate. Not only, do I expect us to be
capable of establishing effective solutions to the conflict, but also to have
fun and keep the debate flowing. My co-director and I, have put a lot of
effort in choosing an interesting topic and we hope you will enjoy it, as
much as we have. See you soon!
My name is Thomas Guth, also a Humboldt School senior student. I am
going to be your co-director. I take great pride in welcoming you to the
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. I am very eager to meet all of
you and very interest on hearing your opinions on the topics. I believe that
your insight will provide us with a diplomatic debate, in-depth and
throughout resolutions. I encourage you to explore the issues well and
come prepare for exciting and intense debate sessions and fun and
enthralling experience here at the BSMUN-15.
Please feel free to email us with any questions, doubts or concerning
information; we will try to help you as much as we can. You can also send
us your position paper to either of these mails.
mcambronero@colegiohumboldt.cr
Mara Paula
tguth@colegiohumboldt.cr
Thomas

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Important terms:

UNODC

Here are some word definitions, that we considered important to be aware


of before the debate.
IRS: The InternalRevenueService, is the U.S. government agency
responsible for tax collection and tax law enforcement.
ID: Identity Document
Identity theft and Identity fraud: are terms used to refer to all types of
crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's
personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for
economic gain.
Cyberspace: "the notional environment in which communications over
computer networks occurs."
Cybercrime: a crime that has some kind of computer or cyber aspect to
itis not as straightforward, as it takes shape in a variety of different
formats.
Misuse: the illegal or improper use of something such as, identities,
websites and personal information.
Falsification: The showing an item in the debit of an account to be either
wholly false or in some part erroneous.
Phishing: fraud typically used with the help of emails sent without being
requested or delivered from a fake internet website, but that seems to be
authentic; in order to cheat on the victims and potentially revealed their
financial and personal information. With this acquired, the criminals can
easily commit Identity Fraud or Financial Crime.
Pharming: form of online fraud very similar to phishing. However, where
phishing must entice a user to the website through bait in the form of a
email or link, pharming re-directs victims to the bogus site even if the
victim has typed the correct web address. This is often applied to the
websites of banks or e-commerce sites.

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UNODC

History of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: !


UNODC is a global leader in the fight against illicit drugs and
international crime. Established in 1997 through a merger between the
United Nations Drug Control Programme and the Centre for
International Crime Prevention, UNODC operates in all regions of the
world through an extensive network of field offices. UNODC relies on
voluntary contributions, mainly from Governments, for 90 per cent of its
budget. UNODC is mandated to assist Member States in their struggle
against illicit drugs, crime and terrorism. In the Millennium Declaration,
Member States also resolved to intensify efforts to fight transnational
crime in all its dimensions, to redouble the efforts to implement the
commitment to counter the world drug problem and to take concerted
action against international terrorism. At a time when these problems
without borders are becoming widely recognised as threats to
individuals and nations alike, requests for coordinated UNODC
initiatives at the national, regional and transnational levels continue to
grow. Our work enhances security and improves the everyday lives of
people across the globe.

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Introduction: !
In the last decade the national and international communications have
been enhanced and accelerated throughout the cyberspaces platform.
Internet services for governmental institutions, NGOs, banks, emails,
work and home communication, travelling and social media and stores
are daily visited by people worldwide. The use of internet its such a
typical activity that few times we question ourself about it. Nevertheless,
the cyberspace is the open door for several growing international
crimes. Every three seconds someones identity is stolen. Not only
adults are victims of identity frauds but also underage citizens. Adult
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UNODC
identities are been stolen mostly to be used in financial crimes, on the
other hand minors identities are mostly falsify or used for human
trafficking. Moreover both types of identities allow the emission of
important legal documents: residence permission, visas, passports and
IDs. Identity theft costs the US and the UK combined 8.88$ billion, paid
from annual taxes. Furthermore, it costs private and public enterprises
40$ billion on refunds. The education about identity frauds is vague in
many countries and the number of victims is increasing. Due to the fact,
that the black market of identities does not seem to be decreasing and
the fraudulent acts are costing millions of dollars to the national
governments, the UN has decided to call upon international
cooperation to find the most effective solution to this series of crimes.

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Background of the conflict:
Seen as the main reason for identity theft to exist and remain is
Cybercrime, a fraudulent situation that has now surpassed illegal drug
trafficking as a criminal moneymaker. Therefore, it is consider the
principal issue to be addressed while talking about identity related
crimes. The cyberspace is used as the vehicle to steel basic personal
information and economical and social profiles, in order to commit
fraudulent actions. The creations of fake websites and spam mails are
some of the most usual procedures for identity thiefs. Furthermore,
something as simple as making private details too public on social
media websites, allows organised crime to have enough material to
falsify an identity. But not only, online information can be stolen; without
a sophisticated security system, your unprotected PC can become
infected within four minutes of connecting to the Internet. There is no
exact time for cybercrime to have started. However compered to the
actual numbers of victims, identity related crimes were minimal in past.

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UNODC

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Statements of the problem:

- Identity theft and Identity fraud on adults identities: As seen before,


identity frauds are, in the majority of cases, used to commit financial
crimes. The perpetrators are mainly interest in using the victims
information to buy online, do cash transaction, acquired loans, phone
plans, properties, gambling, benefit claims and tax evasion. Victims
may figure out their situation 3 or 4 days after the crimes occurred.
Their credit status suffers considerable damages, their ability to
obtain finance or a insurance are also affected and even their
mortgage might be temporarily compromised. Sometimes, they have
to face the payment of credits, while the crime is officially confirmed.

- Creation of fake I.Ds: Fake IDs are identity related crimes that affect
not only adults but underage people. The making of false physical
I.Ds give the opportunity to access other legal documents, previously
mentioned. Therefore, many minors are victims of it, considering that
they are subject of human trafficking and that others underage
people are been stolen and given a new identity in behalf. The
creation of fake I.Ds is an interesting ramification of identity related
crimes. It does not wholly belong to organized crimes, but it is
committed by citizens, mainly minors. And the users of them are also
minors. 7.7% of incoming freshmen admit owning a fake I.D, fake I.Ds
are heavily used by young adults to consume alcohol, buy legal
drugs and get into bars. The prices for a fake I.D come from 50$ to
5000$, prices vary depending on the sophisticated security
measures like printed holograms and black light markings. The most
worrying aspect is that perpetrators are students themselves. Even
when this identity crime goes unnoticed by many, identity frauds can

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UNODC
be penalise by fines from 5000$ to 25000$ or with months to 4 years
in jail.

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- Black market of passports and visas: One of the biggest issues with
the existent of a illegal market for passports and visas is that
anybody can accesses to one, from terrorists to common citizens.
Not many countries needs visas to access them and even country
who does have exemptions from passenger that do not need a visa.
Which means, that the bought of a passport is more than enough to
arrived at a new country without problem. Furthermore, passport are
edited to prevent airport policemen to identifying them. The destiny
for monetary gain from selling this passports is also unidentified,
something that concerns some country for which it could also
involved terrorist participation. Visas are also sold, in a black market,
creating a strong immigration impact. The clearest example is the
constant sale from visas to enter the United States that can cost up to
$10,000. Identity fraud provides criminals, through the market of
identities, with $16 million cash flow every day.

- Economical impact: Victims issues in the field of identity theft is of


great importance, due to the fact that this crime has become a mass
phenomenon with a wide range of possible impacts on the victims
situation. Nevertheless, there is a question that could be raised. Who
should be considered to be a victim: the financial institutions that
very often cover the loss caused by economic crimes related to
identity theft, and/or the person whose identity-related information
was used? Economically effects of identity theft affect the victim from
whose identity was stolen and the enterprise that constantly pay off
the fraud. As previously seen, it also represents constant flow of
payments that usually come from the loss of investment for the
government, in order to help the citizens victims of the theft and to
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maintain good relationships between the state and the companies
affected. Meaning that the government does not only pay emending
the mistakes but also the indemnifications for the production and
bank sectors.

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Relevant actions and Possible Solutions: In order to minimize identity
related crimes to its minimum and trying to reach the total abolishment
of the situation, the next actions or solutions have been recommended
by the United Nations, several governmental organisations and analysis
institutions worldwide:
1. The need for cooperation and potential partnerships between public
and private sectors, at an international level.
2. Creating a consultative platform on identity-related crime with the
aim to bring together senior public sector representatives, business
leaders, international and regional organizations and other
stakeholders to pool experience, develop strategies, facilitate
further research and agree on practical action against identityrelated crime.
3. The implementation of additional security measures such as PIN
(Personal Identification Number) or biometric information.
4. Enriching technical measures concerning the management of
identity-related information as well as strategies aiming to minimise the
extent of identity-related information that are needed within e-commerce
transactions.

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UNODC
5. Improving the investigation regarding cybercrime and the back
market of identities as well as the creating of fake IDs and legal
documents.
6. Education about identity theft and tips to protect your personal
information.

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UNODC
Dear delegates, we are presenting you some of the solutions and
actions that have been taken or proposed by the United Nations and
other organisations. We believed they might be up for discussion and
improvement. However, we expect you to come to the debate with
more and new, original, interesting and according ideas for
international or national solutions to identity related crimes and its
ramifications. Good luck with your research! Check the link below for
help.
http://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/UNCAC/Publications/
Handbook_on_ID_Crime/10-57802_ebooke.pdf
http://www.irs.gov
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/organized-crime/index.html
http://www.consumer.ftc.gov/features/feature-0014-identity-theft
http://www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/websites/idtheft.html
http://www.networkworld.com/article/2285962/lan-wan/the-blackmarket-for-identity-theft.html
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/organized-crime/emergingcrimes.html#Identity_related_crime

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