Austrian monk
Began breeding
peas in 1857 to
study inheritance
Kept very accurate
records of his
laboratory work
and used very
large sample sizes
Why Peas?
Mendels Findings
Mendels Findings
For each
characteristic, an
organism inherits
two alleles, one
from each parent
An allele is a part of
a chromosome
Each parent
contributes one
chromosome of each
homologous pair
Mendels Findings
Mendels Findings
Law of Segregation
Some Terminology
Punnett Square:
A
1/6 X 1/6
1/36
Incomplete Dominance
F1 hybrid is
intermediate
between the two
parents
1:2:1 ratio
red: pink: white
Codominance
Horses
Brown hairs
Black hairs
Brown and Black hairs
Multiple Alleles
IA i
IBIB, IBi
IAIB
ii
Pleiotropy
Epistasis
Polygenic Inheritance
Pedigrees
Societal Factors
Dwarfism:
DD
or Dd = dwarf phenotype
Huntingtons Disease:
Aa
or AA
Current research can now tell us
whether or not a person has
Huntingtons before symptoms set in
Ethical dilemma??
Drosophila Melanogaster
Morgans Experiments
Wild type:
Mutant phenotype:
Note:
Sex-Linked Genes
Linked Genes
Definition:
Body Color
b+ = gray
Wing Size
vg+ = normal
wings
Mutant
b = black
vg = vestigial
wings
Genetic Recombination
Genetic Recombination
Genetic Maps
By studying recombination
data, it is possible to
create genetic maps
If two genes are far apart
on a chromosome there is
a higher probability that a
crossover event will
separate them than if the
two genes are close
together
Linkage maps show the
sequence of genes along a
chromosome
Color blindness
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
1/3500 males in US
Progressive weakening of the muscles and loss
of coordination
Hemophilia:
Sex-linked recessive trait defined by the absence
of a certain protein required for blood clotting
Prolific in royal families of Europe
(intermarriage)