Wearable Technology................................................................................5
Degree of diffusion in society and the economy..............................................5
Existing technologies it might replace, complement or compete with............5
Current government regulation.......................................................................6
Business benefits for Bell St Early Learning....................................................6
Market pull or technology push.......................................................................7
Adoption of wearable technology in the early childhood education sector.....7
References................................................................................................8
Assignment 2 Feasibility Study- Erana......................................................10
Facial recognition in large format retail stores.......................................10
Degree of diffusion in society and the economy............................................10
Existing technologies facial recognition might replace or complement.........11
Other possible competing technologies........................................................11
Current government regulation.....................................................................11
Business benefits.......................................................................................... 11
Market pull or technology push.....................................................................12
Adoption in the retail sector..........................................................................12
References..............................................................................................17
Assignment 2- Feasibility Study -Rob........................................................18
Robots in Libraries..................................................................................26
Robots degree of diffusion in society and the economy................................27
Existing technologies robots might replace or complement..........................29
Other possible competing technologies........................................................30
Current government regulation.....................................................................30
Business Benefits of Robots to Christchurch City Libraries............................31
Market Pull or Technology Push and Market Position.....................................32
Libraries robot technology adoption now and in to the future.......................33
References..............................................................................................34
However, as soon as you start talking about 3D printing of food you need
to be aware of food safety legislation. Of the 4 food safety Acts that are
governed by Ministry of Primary Industry the main one would be the Food
Act 1981, and depending on what you are printing it may be necessary to
be aware of the Animal Products Act 1999. (Ministry of Primary Industries,
n.d.)
There is also a proposed Food Act that is worth looking into to ensure that
any proposed changes dont effect this being introduced.
The current Act due to when it was introduced wont have anything in it
about the legality of 3D printing food. However it does refer to food
hygiene which is an important consideration. Research may also need to
be done to prove that printed food is safe for human consumption under
part 11AA of the Act (Parliamentary Counsel Office, 2014).
As with all government legislation it is rather hard reading, therefore it is
probably worth getting a lawyer to investigate this to ensure that it is
legal prior to doing too much more development work on the proposal.
There is also legislation relating to the provision of food in an Early
Childhood education setting, however this legislation is relevant both if
serving normal food or 3D printed food. Under clause 19 of the license
food is served at appropriate times to meet the nutritional needs of each
child while they are attending (Ministry of Education, 2015).
Business benefits for Bell St Early Learning
Once the technology is starting to become mainstream and more socially
accepted Bell St Early Learning could market this new technology as a
point of difference between it and other early childhood education
centres. They could claim that they are the only centre in the Wairarapa
to provide a fully balanced meal for each meal with child-friendly flavours
and textures. They could guarantee that the child will be able to eat their
fill of fresh printed fruit and vegetables, even those that they arent
normally willing to eat. They will be able to more easily cater for different
dietary requirements while still producing food that looks the same or
similar to what the other children are eating so those with
allergies/intolerances dont have to feel that they are missing out.
Obviously at the moment the capital cost to purchase the printer is
prohibitive, however this will come down in time and will at some point
drop down to a level where providing meals in this format may even be
cheaper than producing regular meals for the children.
Market pull or technology push
3D printing of food is a bit of an odd one. I think that generic 3D printing is
a case of market pull. There has been a need to be able to manufacture
items more quickly and often with a large amount of customisation which
3D printing is ideal for. There is even talk of being able to use this
technology to quickly print shelters in an emergency situation. So in this
Wearable Technology
Degree of diffusion in society and the economy
Wearable technology is moving from the early adopter phase into more
mainstream adoption. The hype around Apple releasing its new Apple
Watch earlier this year has probably helped this. But I think that there are
multiple uses for this technology and it will evolve in ways we havent
dreamed of yet. At the moment it is in a phase to replace a watch, work
with your phone, track your movements and as a status symbol. As people
become more accustomed to using this I believe that it will move on and
be able to tell us more and more about our bodies and will become
engrained in our lives in a similar manner to our cell phones.
The cost will come down and it will become more palatable to use/give to
your children. At the moment with a Samsung Gear S (Samsungs smart
watch that was released prior to the Apple watch which is not available in
NZ yet) costing $499, and needing to be paired with a rather expensive
Samsung smart phone (Samsung, n.d.), its not something that you would
want to give to your toddler. Neither goes for the $199RRP Fitbit Charge
HR (Noel Leeming, n.d.), but the cost of that makes it a bit more palatable
and it would probably be a bit more robust to strap to a toddler!
Other wearable technologies that may have a place in an early childhood
education setting are wearable goggles for virtual reality based teaching.
Existing technologies it might replace, complement or compete with
Given wearable technology is such a wide ranging area its hard to know
for sure what technologies they could replace, complement or compete
with. Below are a couple of examples based on two technologies that I
think are nearing a point where it would be feasible to investigate
introducing them into an early childhood education centre.
Wearable tech in an early childhood centre would be able to register when
a child arrives and leaves and could be used to either replace the current
login system that some centres use, or to automatically sync with the
existing program to provide an accurate record of when a child is
attending the service.
The idea of a child wearing a device that automatically logs when a child
arrives at a centre and when they depart is also along the ideas of microchipping kids, however a little more palatable as the wearable tech is able
to be removed with ease, unlike a micro-chip. But they both have similar
purposes so could potentially compete in this area.
With current devices being able to track sleep and heart rates they would
be able to accurately record when a child went to sleep and woke up. In
an early childhood centre a staff member needs to check sleeping children
for warmth, breathing and well-being at least every 5-10mins (Ministry of
Education, 2015). They also need to record when a child sleeps and when
the checks were made. With wearable devices this may be able to
automatically sync with the centres records to show when a child slept.
They may also be able to use this monitoring (heart rate, breathing,
temperature) to automatically alert staff to any issues or potential issues
with a sleeping child freeing them up from having to physically be in the
room with the child and therefore able to interact with the awake children
when not needed by the sleeping child. There is a product out there that
does a similar thing, but Im not sure if it is used in ECE centres though it
is the AngelCare monitor and it alerts a parent or caregiver when a child
stops moving (Babycity, n.d.).
The virtual reality goggles enabling children to experience being in a place
outside their centre without leaving could replace a number of current
technologies. Rather than showing the kids a video or interacting with an
app on a tablet or I-pad the teachers could set the children up with the
goggles and they could experience a trip to the sea if that was their
current enquiry subject. Or they could take a trip to another country if
they were studying or talking about another country. This would help
enrich the childrens learning.
Current government regulation
Again, with anything to do with early childhood education there are the
Ministry of Education legislation, guidelines and licensing criteria to take
note of. While rather prescribed there is nothing in there about the specific
use of wearable technology. It is around ensuring that the children are
safe, well looked after and educated appropriately. So the use of
technology is at a centres discretion. However if using the technology in
place of a staff member actively monitoring sleeping children, this would
be best discussed with the Ministry of Education to ensure it complies with
the spirit of the guideline. If it doesnt it could still be used as an
additional piece of mind over the minimum (checks every 10mins).
The other biggie with collecting all this data about a child attending an
early childhood education centre is around privacy. All of a sudden you are
collecting a lot of data about a child, beyond what you normally collect,
you can track their exact location in the building at any given point of the
day, and potentially outside of the centre if it is a device that they wear
outside the centre. You will also have data about their heart rate, even
when its not required to make sure that they are safe while they are
sleeping, their temperature, some devices could even track when and
what a child eats, when they go to the toilet. Under the Privacy Act you
must only collect information that is necessary and advise what is being
collected and get consent for it. This information must be kept secure and
made available for the person concerned (in this case it would probably be
the parent or guardian) to view and correct if needed (Parliamentary
Counsel Office, 2014).
References
Babycity. (n.d.). Angelcare Sound & Movement Monitor ACS401. Retrieved
April 9, 2015, from Babycity: http://www.babycity.co.nz/angelcaresound-and-movement-monitor.html
Hausman, K. K., & Horne, R. (2014). 3D Printing For Dummies. New Jersey:
John Wiley & Sons.
McFarland, M. (2015, January 29). Five ways 3D-printed food will change
the way we eat. Retrieved April 5, 2015, from Stuff:
http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-wine/food-news/65533009/Fiveways-3D-printed-food-will-change-the-way-we-eat
Ministry of Education. (2015, March 31). HS19 Food and nutrition.
Retrieved April 9, 2015, from ECE Lead:
http://www.lead.ece.govt.nz/ServiceTypes/CentreBasedECEServices/
HealthAndSafety/FoodAndDrink/HS19FoodAndNutrition.aspx
Ministry of Education. (2015, March 31). HS9 Sleep monitoring. Retrieved
April 9, 2015, from ECE Lead:
http://www.lead.ece.govt.nz/ServiceTypes/CentreBasedECEServices/
HealthAndSafety/Sleep/HS9SleepMonitoring.aspx
Ministry of Primary Industries. (n.d.). New Zealand food legislation.
Retrieved April 9, 2015, from Food Safety:
http://www.foodsafety.govt.nz/policy-law/food-regulation/nz-foodlegislation/
Noel Leeming. (n.d.). Fitbit Charge Heart Rate + Activity Wristband Large
Black. Retrieved April 9, 2005, from Noel Leeming:
https://www.noelleeming.co.nz/shop/computers/wearables/fitbitfb405bkl-charge-heart-rate-activity-wristband-largeblack/prod135829.html
Parliamentary Counsel Office. (2014, June 24). Food Act 1981. Retrieved
April 9, 2015, from New Zealand Legislation:
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1981/0045/latest/DLM4868
7.html
Parliamentary Counsel Office. (2014, December 30). Privacy Act 1993.
Retrieved April 9, 2015, from New Zealand Legislation:
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0028/latest/DLM2966
39.html
Payment processing
A customised shopping experience
discontinuities. (d) The reference 3D shape transformed to the 2D-aligned crop image-plane. (e) Triangle visibility w.r.t. to the fitted
(Source: )
and 20 US cents (How much does an RFID tag cost today?, n.d.), its likely
that diffusion will happen a lot more quickly than in the past.
RFID is now already used in many ways, including (but not limited to):
Efficiency: RFID also allows for fast price changes via electronic shelf
labels. Usually this is a manual process - printing labels, identifying
References
Bonsor, K., & Fenlon, W. (2007, November 5). How RFID Works. Retrieved
from howstuffworks.com:
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/high-techgadgets/rfid.htm
Caution urged regarding the use of facial recognition technology. (2013,
July 9). Retrieved from New Zealand Law Society:
http://my.lawsociety.org.nz/news/caution-urged-regarding-the-use-offacial-recognition-technology
Contactless Credit Card Advantages. (n.d.). Retrieved from
technovelgy.com: http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/TechnologyArticle.asp?ArtNum=62
Griffiths, J. (2015, March 15). Pay with a selfie? Alibaba's Jack Ma debuts
face-recognition payment tech. Retrieved from South China Morning
Post:
http://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/technology/innovation/article/173998
0/pay-selfie-alibabas-jack-ma-debuts-face-recognition
GS1 New Zealand Inc. (n.d.). EPC/RFID Consumer Protection Code of
Practice. Retrieved from GS1NZ.org:
http://www.gs1nz.org/files/6113/7504/8085/NZ_RFID_Code_of_Practi
ce.pdf
How much does an RFID tag cost today? (n.d.). Retrieved from RFID
Journal: http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/show?85
Mayhew, S. (2014, November 12). Helsinki cafes test facial recognition
payment system by Uniqul. Retrieved from Biometric Update:
http://www.biometricupdate.com/201411/helsinki-cafes-test-facialrecognition-payment-system-by-uniqul
Protalinski, E. (2014). Facebook passes 1.23 billion monthly active users,
945 million mobile users, and 757 million daily users. Retrieved from
The Next Web:
http://thenextweb.com/facebook/2014/01/29/facebook-passes-1-23billion-monthly-active-users-945-million-mobile-users-757-milliondaily-users/
Ranzato, M., Taigman, Y., Wolf, L., Yang, M. (2014, June 24). DeepFace:
Closing the Gap to Human-Level Performance in Face Verification.
Columbus, Ohio, USA: Facebook.
Emerging Technologies
Source Youtube.com Top Ten most amazing technologies
We propose to look at the feasibility of two emerging trends for
incorporation in to library services of the future. These are Screenless
Display and Robots.
Screenless Display
Screenless Display degree of diffusion in society and the economy
Screenless display is an emerging technology that is in the very early
stages of its life cycle
Life Cycle
Source Technological change and industry structure
It has the potential to hit critical mass very quickly at the macro societal
level as it will replace the TV and computer screens we have had for a
long time. This is a portable technology that will work very well within a
6 Display equipment users refers to the term used to describe people who
use display screens in their work.
It can be said that thought is being given to the impact of these type of
technologies as Andrew Maynard Professor of Environmental health
Services from the University of Michigan writes in todays complex and
interconnected world, their sustainable development and use also
hinges on understanding how they might harm people and the
environment, and how peoples perceptions and assumptions might affect
their development trajectories. (Maynard A, 2014)
Community
The main driver for public libraries is the community. Libraries worldwide
collaborate to share their successful innovations for their communities
with industry conferences, magazines, blogs and university papers and
data (Surveys). This encourages libraries to provide the best services they
can using relevant and appropriate technology. Screenless display will
prove beneficial to library users as it helps keep the community engaged
by way of services, events, tutorials, and everyday use with seamless
integration with other technologies already in use or coming soon (tablets,
computers, laptops, smart phones, screenless keyboards).
Screenless keyboard
Source Technology review Screenless keyboard
In terms of what part screenless display would play in the market and
what forces are being exerted on the technology, then libraries strategic
goals of being technology driven while catering to a broad market across
age, gender and socio economic background, would suggest that
screenless display then leans to Technology Push were it to be integrated
in to every day services. This would be demand driven by the community
and library management.
Libraries adoption of Screenless Display now and in to the future
There is a high degree of probability that public libraries will embrace and
incorporate this technology as soon as financially viable when it becomes
a reality on the market. Predictions for its release are projected in the
2020s (mepits.com, 2015). Users of the library will use it on their devices
and some users may want instruction in its use, as has been the way with
all devices and internet/computer technology on the market. This is what
has driven libraries to offer instruction on technological products (smart
phones, laptops, tablets, e-readers, computers, software) as an add-on to
services. Screenless display is versatile and can come in the forms of
wearable screenless such as Google Glass and Oculus Rift which work on
Retina Display7. The HUD8 display (Heads up Display) can be used on most
surfaces so is very versatile and the hologram version is a projection in to
thin air that uses scattered light. Google defines a hologram as
A hologram captures the interference pattern between two or more
beams of coherent light (i.e. laser light). One beam is shone directly on
the recording medium and acts as a reference to the light scattered from
the illuminated scene. (google.com, 2015)
Robots in Libraries
This is a vast area that incorporates mechanical type robots for book
sorting (wired.com, 2011)to learning robots that speak different languages
(http://www.wsj.com/articles/coming-soon-to-the-library-humanoid-robots1412015687) and then factor in AI with disembodied talking heads
(bloomberg.com,2015) and anything is possible. It is a proven technology
in manufacturing so what use might it have in libraries? It does in fact
have huge potential to engage customers across all levels of societies in
education, gaming, information retrieval and for fun.
Robots degree of diffusion in society and the economy
Robots in various forms have been around for a while. The non-exciting
industrial versions have invaded society and to a large degree have taken
over manual labour at the macro level in industry such as car
manufacturing.
while in a very basic way and with limited functions. So in this way they
are at differing stages of their life cycle and this depends on the kind of
robot and what technology field its working in. They have reached critical
mass and are widely accepted in to many countries and cultures.
The real point of difference with robots now is the AI that is being applied
to them and what functions they can perform and how useful they will be
in the future. Some robots can perform basic functions and are able to
provide assistance to people with disabilities.
This video demonstrates how helpful these kind of robots are and this one
can be controlled using a tablet. (Toyota, 2015)
Some are much more sophisticated and can provide teaching abilities that
are quite awesome (Robots teach communication to kids with Autism,
2015)
This shows a very adaptable product with huge growth potential that is
yet to become an everyday item in our society yet is viewed with favour
and wonderment due to their mirroring human capabilities.
Existing technologies robots might replace or complement.
Robots are mostly being developed to aid humans in a lot of tasks that do
not require reasoning and this is why the technology is so useful. In this
way robots in the library environment may replace repetitive human
tasks. This has already been implemented in the Chicago Library but is yet
to be incorporated at a Macro level. (
Video sourced from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySUU2KfvTes,
youtube.com, Library Robot at University of Chicago, 2013)
A digital native
Source: youtube.com What digital natives want from their library 2015
and understand their world in a much different way than what has gone
before. An example is the explosion of Social Media10. Libraries are very
sensitive to their communities and so embraced social media by joining
facebook and Twitter and by providing customers the opportunity to add
content to the Libraries with blogs, feedback, book reviews and social
comment. This integration of technology in to libraries shows the benefit
with data gathered at Christchurch City Libraries11 revealing a consistent
increased use of technological services (website, catalogues, apps for ereading and other content services and in house devices). Bringing robots
in to libraries for learning and service purposes is innovating to attract
more customer use of services by providing new and different ways of
delivering them.
Education
The best use of the kind of robot used at Westport Library (Westport
library, 2014) is for customer education and interaction. The robot is
designed to teach technology but could be adapted for other programs as
software becomes available. It could be seen as a fad but I believe it
would encourage people in to the library environment who may not
otherwise have a need to come to the library. This is the kind of
technology that presents a type of human face with the ability to interact
with humans. The robot might be able to encourage non book readers in
to reading or reach out to shy children or customers by its mere presence.
Community
A great way to get customer loyalty is to provide a positive emotive
response so that a thought about an item, service, product or experience
remains in the psyche as something you want to touch, feel or see again.
The library community is made up of many discerning individuals and
many who need the library for basic reasons such as warmth and
company.
The humanoid robot when not on teaching duty could be utilised to
communicate with library visitors and thereby give customers another
reason to visit the library and in turn the library can promote other
services while these customers are engaged with the technology.
References
Baker, D. (2004) The Strategic Management Guide for Library and
Information in Services, p 66, Chandos Publishing
Classes and programmes (2015): Christchurch City Libraries. Retrieved from:
http://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/classes-and-programmes/
Colegrove, T. (2015). Libraries of the Future. Retrieved from youtube.com:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvE0gHhK3ss Colegrove, T. (2015)
Dinosaur idonosaur (2015) Retrieved from
https://christchurch.bibliocommons.com/item/show/826302037_idinosaur
Disruptive technology (July 2014) Retrieved from whatis.com
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/disruptive-technology 2015
DSE users (April 2014). Retrieved from hse.gov.uk:
(http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg36.pdf
Emerging Technologies (2015). Retrieved from Wikipedia.com:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerging_technologies 2015
Varnum, K.J. (2014) The Top Technologies Every Librarian needs to know,
London: Facet Publishing
Watches get smarter (2015) Retrieved from apple.com:
http://www.apple.com/nz/watch/?cid=wwa-nz-kwg-watch-com
Westport Library Robot (2014). Retrieved from westportlibrary.org:
http://westportlibrary.org/about/news/robots-arrive-westport-library
When Robots join the Library, (2015) Connecticuts Westport Library.
Retrieved from youtube.com: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=J_KR0qtZwQ0
World Economic Forum, Top Ten Emerging Technologies for 2014 (2014).
Retrieved from agenda.weforum.org:
https://agenda.weforum.org/2014/09/top-ten-emerging-technologies2014/