VAPORIZER
( V-01 )
Tugas : Menguapkan klorin yang akan masuk ke reaktor sebanyak 7.005,912
kg/jam dengan menggunakan saturated steam.
Alat
Spesifikasi fluida:
Fluida panas : saturated steam, tube side
Tin (T1)
= 100C = 212F
Tout (T2)
= 100C = 212F
Pin
Pout
= (dihitung)
Tin (t1)
= -50C = -58F
Tout (t2)
= -33,9C = -29,02F
Pin
Pout
= (dihitung)
WV, t2
Wc, t2
Wc, t1
Wh, T1
Wh, T2
Gambar1. Skema Aliran Fluida Panas dan Fluida Dingin pada V-01
(11/313003/TK/37785)
(11/319115/TK/38247)
(1)
W c =19.306,74 lb/h
2) Menghitung suhu masuk vaporizer
Arus masuk vaporizer merupakan arus campuran dari arus cair keluar
separator dengan arus dari tangki penyimpanan klorin cair. Suhu campuran
dapat dihitung dengan persamaan :
Qseparator =Q storage
F1 . cp . ( T 1T ) =F 1 . cp . ( T T 1 )
lb
lb
19.306,74 .20 . (29,02o FT ) =15.445,39 . ( T (58o F ) )
h
h
o
T =52,204 F
3) Menghitung beban vaporizer
(2)
T2
Q p= m c C p dT
(3)
Qv =mv .
(4)
T1
Q = Qp + Qv
Keterangan:
Qp
Qv
mc
mv
Cp
T1
T2
(11/313003/TK/37785)
(11/319115/TK/38247)
52,204
Q p=
19.306,74
29,02
lb
Btu
.0,189
dT
h
lb . F
Q p=84.583,63
Btu
h
Qv =15.445,39
lb
Btu
.123,8908
h
lb
Qv =1.913 .541
Btu
h
T2 = 212F
t2 = -29,02F
t1 = -52,2F
Gambar 2. Profil Temperatur Fluida Panas dan Fluida Dingin pada
Vaporizer V-01 di Area Preheating
LMTD di area preheating dihitung menggunakan persamaan berikut.
LMTD=
( T 1t1 ) ( T 2t 2)
( T 1t 1)
ln
( T 2t 2)
(5)
52,2 F
212 F()
( 212 F(29,02 F) )
52,2 F
212 F()
(
)
( 212 F(29,02 F ) )
LMTD=
LMTD=252,43 F
(11/313003/TK/37785)
(11/319115/TK/38247)
t p=252,43 F
Q p 84.583,63 Btu/ jam
=
=355,07
t p
252,43 F
Btu
jam
=7.939,346
241,02 F
1.913 .541
Qv
=
t v
Q
t =355,07+7.939,346=8274,42
t=
t=
Q
Q
t
1.998.125
=241,48 F
8.274,42
5) Menghitung temperatur rata-rata fluida panas (Ta) dan fluida dingin (ta)
Temperatur rata-rata perlu dihitung, baik untuk fluida panas maupun fluida
dingin. Temperatur rata - rata digunakan untuk menentukan sifat fisis masing
masing fluida. Persamaan yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut.
t a=
t 1 +t 2
2
(6)
t a=
52,204 F 29,02 F
2
t a=40,612 F
Q
Hv
(7)
W h=
W h=2058,802lb/ h
Keterangan:
(11/313003/TK/37785)
(11/319115/TK/38247)
Wh
Hv
A=
Qb
(U D )( LMTD)
(8)
1.998.125 Btu/lb
BTU
( 15
)(241,48 F)
h . ft 2
A=551,63 ft 2
8) Menentukan vaporizer layout dan menghitung luas permukaan baru
Tube layout
Tube pass (n) :2 pass
OD
BWG
ID
at
: 16 ft
Nt=
Nt=
A
(a' ')( L)
(9)
551,63 ft 2
(0,1963 ft 2 /ft )(16 ft )
Nt=175,63
Nt standar
Pt
(10)
(11/313003/TK/37785)
(11/319115/TK/38247)
Shell layout
Shell pass
:1
IDs
: 8,625 inch
C = Pt - OD = 0,1875 inch
(1)
(2) Preheating
(15)
(16)
(17)
(4)
at
= at x
Nt / 144n
(5)
(18)
(19)
at
0,1842 ft2
(20)
(21)
(22)
(6) Gt = Wt/at
(23)
(24)
(25)
Ta
212F
(27)
(9)
0,02904 lb/(ft.h)
(10)
(11)
Cp
(32)
(33)
as
= B x
at
0,2066 ft2
= 238.665,4
hio = 1500 BTU/(h.ft2.F)
(untuk
(12) Ret = ID x Gt /
(14)
(30)
(31) Shell side: saturated steam
0,0507 BTU/(h.ft.F)
(10)
(28)
(29)
0,4517 BTU/(lb.F)
(13)
(26)
saturated
steam)
(11/313003/TK/37785)
(11/319115/TK/38247)
(54)
Pt 2 (OD)2
4
(OD)
(36) De
(55)
(56) Vaporizing
(57) Tube side: saturated steam
(37) De = 0,07917 ft
(12)
(9) Sifatfisis
(38)
ta
Flow area
(58)
1,2775 lb/(ft.h)
(40)
Cp
0,1890 BTU/(lb.F)
(41)
0,0823 BTU/(h.ft.F)
(59)
Ret
(13)
jH
(14)
Sifat fisis
(62)
Ta
212F
= De x
(63)
0,02904 lb/(ft.h)
(64)
= 41 (fig.28 Kern,
1950)
(44) ho
= 5.789,866
(11)
(60) Gt = Wt/at
Gs /
(43)
at
0,1842 ft2
= at x
Nt / 144n
40,612F
(39)
at
Cp
0,4517 BTU/(lb.F)
(65)
0,0507 BTU/(h.ft.F)
jH . k Cp.
De
k
(45)
0,333
61,01857BTU/(h.ft2.F)
(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
(15)
Bilangan Reynolds
(66) Ret = ID x Gt /
(67)
= 238.665,4
hio = 1500 BTU/(h.ft2.F)
(16)
(68)
(untuk
steam)
(69)
(70)
(71)
(72)
(73)
(11/313003/TK/37785)
(11/319115/TK/38247)
saturated
(74)
(91) De = 0,07917 ft
(75)
(13)
Sifatfisis
(76)
(92)
(77)
(93)
(79)
(94)
(81)
= 0,968
Cp
0,1825 BTU/(lb.F)
(82)
(95)
(83)
0,0802BTU/(h.ft.F)
(84)
(10)
Bilangan Reynolds
(96)
Flow area
(86)
as
(87)
= B x
at
(97)
= De x
jH
0,333
(99)
BTU/(h.ft2.F)
Diameter ekuivalen
jH . k Cp.
De
k
(88) Gs = Ws/as
Pt 2 (OD)2
4
(OD)
= 50 (fig.28 Kern,
1950)
(98) ho
= 7.641,176
(17)
0,2066 ft2
(90) De
Ret
Gs /
C x IDs / 144Pt
(12)
lb/(ft.h)
(80)
(11)
29,02F
(78)
(10)
ta
(100)
(101)
(11/313003/TK/37785)
(11/319115/TK/38247)
65,9263
(11)
Clean overall heat transfer coefficient preheating (Up) dan Clean overall heat
(103)
hio h o
hio +ho
(11)
(104)
Preheating
(105)
BTU
BTU
61,0186
h. ft 2 . F
h . ft 2. F
U p=
BTU
BTU
1500
+61,0186
h . ft 2. F
h . ft 2 . F
(106)
U p=58,6334
1500
(107)
BTU
2
h . ft . F
Vaaporization
(108)
BTU
BTU
65,9263
h. ft 2 . F
h . ft 2. F
U v=
BTU
BTU
1500
+65,9263
h . ft 2. F
h . ft 2 . F
(109)
U v =63,1508
1500
BTU
h . ft 2 . F
(110)
(12) Total clean surface (Ac)
(111)
Total clean surface (Ac) dihitung menggunakan persamaan berikut.
Ac= Ap+ Av
(112)
Qp
Qv
Ac=
+
U p t p U v t v
(113)
335,0715 7.939,346
Ac=
+
58,6334
63,1508
2
Ac=131,4351 ft
(114)
(11)
(12)
(115)
(116)
(13) Clean overall heat transfer coefficient (UC)
(117)
Clean overall heat transfer (UC) dihitung menggunakan persamaan
berikut.
(118)
U C=
UA
Ac
(13)
8274,418
131,4351
(119)
U C=
(120)
Uc=62,9544
Btu
hr . ft 2 . F
(121)
(122)
(14) Dirt overall heat transfer coefficient (UD)
(123) Dirt overall heat transfer coefficient (UD) dihitung menggunakan
persamaan berikut.
(124)
U D=
Qb
( A)(LMTD)
(14)
(125)
U D=
(126)
U D=11,7611
(127)
BTU
2
h . ft . F
Rd =
1
1
U D UC
(15)
(131)
(132)
(133)
Rd =
1
BTU
11,7611
h . ft 2 . F
Rd =0,0691
62,9544
BTU
h . ft 2 . F
h . ft 2 . F
BTU
Nilai Rd sudah lebih besar dari 0,003, artinya nilai Rd sudah memenuhi
syarat.
(134)
(16) Pressure drop
(135)
Tube side
(136)
Vf
= 26,8 ft3/lb
(137)
SG
= 0,0026
(138)
(139)
(f ) ( Gt )2 ( L)( n)
1
Pt =
2 5,22 1010 (ID)(SG )
(16)
(140)
Pt =0,1614 psi
(141)
(142)
(143)
(144)
(145)
(146)
(147)
(148)
Shell side
(149)
Preheating
(150)
Res
= 5.789,8660
(151)
(152)
Lp
= L.Ap/Ac = 0,6957 ft
(153)
N+1
= 12 x Lp / B = 0,9679
(154)
SG
= 1,5827
(155)
Ps=
(f ) ( Gs )2 (IDs)( N +1)
10
(157)
Vaporization
(158)
Res
= 7.641,1760
(159)
(160)
Lv
= L - Lp = 15,3043 ft
(161)
N+1
= 12 x Lv / B = 21,2930
(162)
SG mean
= 0,8137
(163)
Ps=0,0043 psi
Ps=
(f ) ( Gs )2 (IDs)( N +1)
10
Ps=3,0384 ps i
(167)
(168)
(170)
(173) Tin, C
(176) Tout, C
(179) houtside, BTU/
(h.ft2F)
131,5351 ft2
11,7611 BTU/(h.ft2F)
62,9544 BTU/(h.ft2F)
0,0691 (h.ft2F)/BTU
0,003 (h.ft2F)/BTU
(187) Calculated P,
(188) 3,0427
psi
(189) 10
(190) Allowable P, psi
(192)
(193)
Daftar simbol
(191) 5
(194)
(195)
(196)
(197)
as
(198)
at
(199)
at
(200)
Cp
kapasitaspanascairan, Btu/(lb.F)
(201)
Gt
(202)
Gs
(203)
hi
(204)
hio
(205)
ho
(206)
ID
(207)
IDs
(208)
(209)
panjang tube, ft
(210)
(211)
Nt
jumlah tubes
(212)
OD
Pin
(213)
(214)
Pout
(215)
Pt
(217)
Rd
(218)
Ret
(219)
Res
(220)
SG
(221)
temperatur, K
(222)
T1
(223)
T2
(224)
t1
(225)
t2
(226)
Ta
(227)
ta
(228)
Tc
critical temperature, K
(229)
UD
(230)
UC
(231)
Vf
(232)
Wc
(233)
Wh
(216)
atau BTU
(234) Hv
(235)
Ps
(236)
Pt
(237)
viskositas, lb/(ft.h)
(238)
densitas, lb/ft3
(239)