.

(Language in time and space. A Festschrift for Werner Winter on the occasion of his
80th birthday, edd. Brigitte L.M. Bauer, Georges-Jean Pinault, Berlin - New York 2003, 257-269)

( : .)
. 1
, 1963 ., : "...
- ,
."
,
. , -
- (1998, 2001),
.
, (
1999: 211: " .() kom .() kaum,
.
"). - ,
.
-
, .
1. .() km, .() kaum - , "<. *kaun(V) - *gn(el) /
*gual (. kn - , , gn - , kun
(..: vl, l, , , dila
, , dl , dulaan, dula'an, , , , , duln, jl/dl
. dl , dli , , , tjeel,
dala, jelodze, , jale, jre, dere,
jielakis, jlakis, *jel , . ) .) < *gioju , , (- *gegee - , " <* geee <
*gej-, *giaam - , *kui - , ke - .
( kuja, kou, kja,
jer, hajnal, khoj, khuj, uj, kul, unt, unl, kia,
, koi, *koje , . (UE)
( )
(. (cf. Meillet 1914, .19: "Tel autre mot comme B kaum `jour' rappelle le turc" (
.() kaum ). 1941 .
, (1944 .)
, (1976 .).
1963 . .
, " ,
: kn .() kaum, .() km,
deva; kn kn tngri,
.() km, komkt, .() kaum: kaumkte.

W. Behr, F. Kortlandt, G.-J. Pinault (), J.

Wiedenhof .

 "" "", , ..
. ,
: (1). ", "( kn .)
, ,
, "(1963: 239)
, , (2). " .(),
. "" kaum ."
-, ,
, .
,
, "".
,
<* keh2u ( 1910: 10).
, (.
Hilmarsson 1996: 118-119, Adams, 1999: 211), . , ,
- .
- ,
, .() kom / .() kaum,
, . ,
kl ,
, .. ( ), kleti
(. .),
klti , , . ,
- ( vs, srm),
- , .
, , ,
. "" ""
,
.
("
( ) *gn *kin *kun,
.
,
*au- *u-. () *u- E *eu,
.
*u- *- *u-. (..
). ,
*gon *gun,
, . *o *au,

(tor/taur), . .3, -.
2. .() le, . () alyiye < *l'ye < *ja< *a
(. aja, ja, .) < *lja < .*p`lna (.
*haliga(n), . alaqan, -. alga, alaga, xalaga,
halehe, .-. *palna, hana, fal, falagu -
( ), *pr - , .
pka, p, pe, fe, pe,
pihu, . peo, pego, pgo, pivo , ). (1941: 74)
, "" ( . elbow). , " ,

,

, " (Hilmarsson 1986: 231-232), ,
- , ""
, .. (. .)
(), (1999: 27). " , * "" *
"" ( )> * "
"> "", " ",
2.
(..:
, *el, *elig,
elig, , el, l,, , ilik,
, il, el, l (l) .
*la . .
*al , . (., .. ..-1,.33)
() *ali, -. a, aliv, a, a, a, ali
, , - *al(i)-, al, ali , .
ila, jil, emel, lm, lm,
l , ( ). , -
*ja< *a . -
- ,
*al.)
3. .() tor, .() taur - < *taur < *t (. toz,
tz, tozan, toz, tuzan - ) < *t`e' ,
, (. *tor, . tortag, -, tortog , , ,
. toru ; TM *turV, tur, tr, turka
, , . tr (trh-) , . toro,
torton (..-.-2,.199).
1964 ., ,
(" *tor "), Lexique,
(1938: 27),
"" *dhou(-)r- ( ).
: , ( *dheur
, -ru- -ri-),
(dur) "" .
(..:
terra, teras, *tros-, *tres (?) tr,
, tir .)
. (1982: 182)
taur / tor *dheh1w ( = ,
= " (?), . /Hilmarsson 1985: 43, * dh()h1w),
, (1994a: 375-376) .
*teh2- , , ,
w, (. . wian / thwian), .. *teh2w-.
2

(Hilmarsson), .

( 1976: 161 . dlna, dlan - ,
Stalmaszczyk Witczak 1990: 39-40 asil , ).
"" xalaqan, - (1974:
502 = 1986: 72), - .

 "", ,
, .
, ,
> z .
(..:
, tirs , , .
() . . *tek, .
tezek/tizek , , -
trgn , tr-m- ).
4. . () m - , . .: , < *am- ,
( amul, aml , ( - )
< *mV ( *amu-, *am i- , TM *m - ).
, m,
, ,
.
5. .() kanak, . () kenek <. *kenek , < *kjne-lek,
*kjnek ( klek, ( = n) kjnek, kjnk,
, knek .) < *k`i , (
*kejen, - xejen , ,
*kinh, kn (knh-), . kn , ,
*kinu , ).
(Pinault 2001b: 128-129), . kanak/kenek ,
", ", , " "
Maitreyasamiti-Naka .() kanak
bz. , .
. knc'k "", . knc(y)k [kanck] "" ,
*kenek ( *knk) *kcnk <
*kcnk kcynyk - , Zieme
(995: 493). , -c-
(
), , , ,
(. . knc'k "", .
knc(y)k ""), , ,
.
(..: ,
. . ,
kjwn3.
, k(w)ens, ( -)
kwenh, kwjanh - kjwn,
. jun, yan, y, y, kyn.
, , , ,
kun ,
, - ,
. ,
.
(.) , -
3

*k(r)g ,
rkja , khja, khra (, ) rkan
.

 . , kng, kng ,
,
, -
!? kuin , ,
, -, ,
h .
/ ,
).
6. .() olya , , < *ulug ,
(. ulu, . ulu . yl , ) <
*ulu/o (. . *olon- , TM *ule, ule(n),
uliga - , , Proto-Korean *r , ). ,
olyapo - , -,
, , ly .
(..: l'lo, llo, lo, ll , ,
-, ,
.)
7. .() tmm, . () t(u)mne 10 000, < *t()mne <
*Tmen 10 000; (. tmen, tmen) < *mi
( *mn, *ti - 1000). ,
, tumn 10 000
( . tumn - ), - .
(..:
.
10 000 .().
, too , , ,
min, *migan , bin/min ,
*mana , ( mn ,
*mandu/*mantu , *mani, , mandu,
mandi, mani, , man , , ,
. , *mn(h)-, mane .
-, -
, .. , , ,
, ttau-da-gara
gara. ttau/tau ,
/ too , , .() mn, mnt ,
, , tu-mane .
, (.
)
. .
( ?), . ,
10 000!?)
8. .() preri < *bre / *brge ( brge,
pire, pir, burga, brg, bre,
brge, bre, brs, brg , pra - )
< *biure (. brge, - breg, brg,
brg , , pjruk , -, pra
).
- . () preri . (
prere). ,

 : ne yamalle prerem nakm. ( ,

) (W-3A4), . . preri / prere,
. ,
-re-/-ri- .
(.. , , , .
, , i, , , ,
rh, , praivy , parv , ,
, , .
, *prxja ,
, prsla , (),
fors , pant (,
, ), porrgo () .
--
. , pra, pra
preri. ,
- , . :
1. ,
.
2. ,
.
-, , .
3. ,
.)
9. .() yase , < *js , , ,
(. jas - , st , , ss-tx - .) < *zisu
, , . usta , - *suse / *susu
, , ssam - .
yase-kwpe - (Vel
SIM), , -a. :
" kwpe, ,
, .. .
, yase yse. , , ,
kwpe, yas,
- *ys.
, (1976: 586) , , yase
ys-/ys- , .
10. . (,) AB krk , < *Kar-ak (.
qaraq-, Garak) < *kra , , .
qari , - xa, xari, x, xari ,
. ,
, .
krk .() krkanamo ,
, krkauka , karkatsi .() krntsi. (
trk-, .() cowai, trk-cowai
" ")
.
(..: .
, . k, ,
khrk, : , , .
6

 ,
(gara/ghara/khara/kara)
, .
. - .() krk
. . !?)
, .
,
*lj > j and * > z.
- ,
- "" (..:
), - .
, ,
, - .
. .
, ,
4.
5 6.
1.
2.

. (,) klu - < . dao , < daw <

. *h ( Blaek 1999: 81);
. () rapae (.) < . la
< . lap < .*rp; .,
rapae
rp/lp. (..:
, () rp, .()
rp , , raple , mse raple .
*drep- , ,
tarrappunas , torpos,
, . ,
, . rapae mee

. . ,
, .

, . 1994b: 93.
"
" (URL-address: www.ieed.nl). (..: ).
. "
" (URL-address: www.starling.rinet.ru ).
/Baxter .
6
: (1) .() nkic, .() kante ,
5

yin - (< MC nin, OC *nrn),

. Witczak (1990) , E *h2regtom (
rajatam - ) *h2regtom > kante. (2) .() kapci
(?), " , "(
Kumamoto Emmerick Skjrv 1987:151 - 154). Jeroen Wiedenhof (PC) ,
. y-zi " " (, ,
"+` ), . ap-j .
, .() kapci ,
.

3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.

, ,
!)
.() ck [ ] < . shi ,
(= 10 dou)' < . dek < . diak;
.() cne , . < Chin. qian - < . djen
< . dan;
.() tau ( ) <. dou
< . tw < . t;
.() ak(u)se < . su - ( ), <
. sjuk < . sok + . jiu - < . cjw <
cu. (..: .() tsuk, .() tsaukwa
, ).
.() ank (1.1-1.2 1.2-1.3 ) <.
shng (1/10 dou)' < sin < . tn;
.() ymutsi, .() ymuttsi [=
hamsa-] < . yng-w-(zi) () < . in-m-cj < .
*rn-ma . `ym'wtsy (mtsi) ,
. ("
(

) ( "",
),
, (
).

(Grenet) (Pinault) (1997: 1016-1022)

:
9.

.() itsok , < .

sh (Panicum miliaceum) < . s < . sla (-) +
jiu - < . cjw < . cu. (Grenet - Pinault 1997:
1016-1018). , "
, tsok +
-se ak(u)se , ( 6
-). , tsok
tsuk , (. , , .) ".
. s = . i-, ,
.

10.

.() ipkic , . .
sh-pan, . -ban (. *sro-bn) , ,
, -. (Grenet) (Pinault) (1997:
1020-1022) .. gngju - ,
. ku-g (. k-gos).

 , 7.
11.

12.

13.

14.

.(,) cok < . zhu , , < .. uk <

.. tok8. . (,) cok
*dhgwhu-, , . tsk- < *dhegwh ,

ts-, -, c-. (Winter)
(1962: 18) : cok .()
,
....
(. 1999: 256).
.() truk, .() trok - , , .() troktse (.)
< *tronk < . chng, chng , < . h <
.*thru9, - , do
, , , , stos , ,
twah , , , thwah .
.() ri, .() rye - <. *riye <. li (..
500 ) < . l < .. r. 1998 .,
(Lubotsky, . 368)
( ). , ,
- bria, uria, (..:
pur , . para , bria,
uria), . , .
. .() ri, .() rye ,
. (1996,2: 77)
*riH, ( .) mre
.
.
(..: .() krim, .() kryn , .

krn, krjn .().
, *kre, kra,
ker, kern . .,
*kra, *karn, qarn (
. ), qrin, ,
xarin, , xirin, ,
garn , , *keri-muk,
kerimek, korimki , , ,
*kari, kari-spj, . kalbi ,
*kr(n)t, . karda . ()

, K.T. , .() :
tsum cak , , . (1999:19).
, .
, , . cun < . chon <
. shn-s . chi (= 22.5 cm)' < . chek < . thiak,
.
8
duc.
9

*dhru, MC , .- zhng, . *tru .

15.

16.

10

qurusaq , . (...,.470)
, , ,
rm, krm , krng,
krm . . /
,
-, .)
.() lyk, .() lyak - < *lyk < . le ,
, < .. liak < .. lak < .. rhak.
(1996, 2: 96) *rk (
phrog - , rok , ,
).
. 1. *legh- , (. lie )
, ( ). 2. *lek- ,
lkiu - , " ( > * >
, . voler / ..:
, ). 3. *le- (
) - . (1999:
565), - Pinault (. /Hilmarsson 1996:
87). ,
.
.(,) tsem < . qng - < .. chie < ..
ch. .() .() , .()
- .()10.
. *dhus-on-, . dosen
, , furvus , .
.., .
(..:
., gci , , gatha ,
, , , , mi .
, son, suea , sijna . . , .. cng, .. ..
sh -. . .()
.() tsenai, tsenam , .
, xsin, in,
in, na, xasin, x`in, in,
xin , - zangr . zing
. zangari, zagar, s'angar'a
, . cinncus , .
axana, axain, xshn, `xs`yn`k
/xsnk/, . ixn, xasin, xsin, akshin
, , . .() na , ,
eksinek/xink , - , .
.. , . zngne,
ngne () ,
. , .. , .

, .

10

 ,
.)
: 1.
( "", " " (..
: ), "", ""),
(. kl- = .. (l-), .. d-, . r- = . r- . l-, .. tr- = .. tr-, .. -).
- . . .. (. ). 2.
(, , , ,
//, , , /).
. (
, . ( . l- . r-, -r-, (
..) , . .. .) --
, . ck, .. dzek (.. *diak) cne = .. dzjen (..* dzan),
, - . (V ..), V . ( ).
, , -
- ( - ), -
.... ( V .)
.
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12