Concepts
1
Contents
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall structure
Trunk lines
Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
Synchronous Data Hierarchy
Exchanges and signaling
General purpose SDH networks
2
Contents
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall structure
Trunk lines
Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
Synchronous Data Hierarchy
Exchanges and signaling
General purpose SDH networks
3
The Telephone
Network
Analog / Digital
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
SW
PABX
PABX
SW
4
The Telephone Network
Some details : Analog telephones on
analog switch
Analog
switch
Digital
switch
Digital
Analog
twisted pair, average length 2.5 Km Line
Signaling (DTMF or pulse) circuit
and voice multiplexed
6
The Telephone
Network
Some details : ISDN Basic
Access
Digital
switch
S bus
144Kb/s twisted pair, average length 2.5 Km 144Kb/s
modem modem
2 * 64 Kb/s + 16 Kb/s
7
Conten
ts
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall structure
Trunk lines
Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
Synchronous Data Hierarchy
Exchanges and signaling
General purpose SDH networks
8
Time Domain
Multiplexing
Synchronous
multiplexing
1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
9
The Telephone
Network
Trunk Network (CEPT30)
Digital Digital
switch switch
n*30*64 Kb/s
n*2048 Kb/s
Digital Digital
switch switch
n*23*64 Kb/s
n* 1544 Kb/s
Digital
switch
12
The Telephone
Network
Trunk Network
Analog
switch
Analog
n*2048 Kb/s Digital
n*30*64 Kb/s
13
The Telephone
Network
Trunk Network
Digital Digital
switch switch
15
Synchronous
Multiplexing
of almost synchronous data
flows
F E D C B A 1 Frame
TFSE D10RCQBPA
S C
T S R Q P
fout > n * MAX(fin)
16
Plesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy
Each multiplexed section has its own clock
Each level of multiplexing has its own clock
Frame structure from multiplexed signals is not
explicitly present in the multiplexed stream
> Full demultiplexing required at each node !
17
Conten
ts
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall structure
Trunk lines
Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
Synchronous Data Hierarchy
Exchanges and signaling
General purpose SDH networks
18
Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
– The entire trunk network has one clock
– Multiplexed stream based on 125 S frames
– Different channels can each have their own
asynchronous clock.
– Add-drop multiplexers
STM-1 STM-1
Up to 63 channels at 2 Mb/s
19
Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
SDHrate
Data - SONET
CCITT USA-Elec. USA-Opt.
51.84 STS-1 OC-1
155.52 STM-1 STS-3 OC-3
466.56 STM-3 STS-9 OC-9
622.08 STM-4 STS-12 OC-12
933.12 STM-6 STS-18 OC-18
1244.16 STM-8 STS-24 OC-24
1866.24 STM-12 STS-36 OC-36
2488.32 STM-16 STS-48 OC-48
... ... ... ...
20
SDH
Rings
34 Mb/s 2 Mb/s
21
SDH
Rings
22
SDH
Rings
23
SDH Rings
The Worldcom Belgian
Network
058 011
051
09 052 015 013 089
WCOM POP
053
WCOM POP
016 WCOM POP
057 055 WCOM POP
056 054 02 012
010
068 019 WCOM POP
069 087
067
04
WCOM POP WCOM POP
081 085
064
065 WCOM POP
086
071 083 080
082
084
060
061
WCOM POP
LUXEMBOURG
063
24
SDH
Rings
CUT !
25
Conten
ts
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall structure
Trunk lines
Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
Synchronous Data Hierarchy
Exchanges and signaling
General purpose SDH networks
26
Telephone
Exchange trunk lines +
(Conceptual Model) Inter-office
signaling
Line Circuit
Register
Line Circuit
Register
Line Circuit Switching
Matrix Register
Line Circuit
Register
Line Circuit
Control Computer
27
Signaling system
generations
SS1 - SS5 : Analog call forwarding between
exchanges
SS6 : First digital signaling system
monolithic communications system (no layers)
Full mesh of virtual circuits, based on 2400 b/s links
SS7 : Signaling system for the intelligent network
uses any digital link, satellites included
layered, OSI inspired, network architecture
supports "intelligent network" applications
Non-geographic numbers (800)
CLIP, Call forwarding, Conference calls, etc...
Number portability, Carrier selection
Mobility & roaming
IP ???
28
The Telephone
Network
Non-geographic Numbering 4776970
6234567 477
database
0800
62X
538
673
6736476
643
629
64X
6433180
6292905 0800 12345 29
The Telephone
Network
Number portability
Ported
numbers
30
The Telephone
Network
Carrier selection
• through prefix
• through preselection
31
Conten
ts
The traditional Telephone Network
Overall structure
Trunk lines
Plesiochronous Data Hierarchy
Synchronous Data Hierarchy
Exchanges and signaling
General purpose SDH networks
32
General Purpose SDH
Networks
PABX
PABX
33
Bibliography
To know More about
Telephony
John BELLAMY
Digital Telephony
Third edition
John Wiley, 2000.
ISBN : 0-471-34571-7
34
Bibliography
To know More
about SDH
Mike SEXTON, Andy REID
Transmission Networking:
SONET and the Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
Artech House, 1992.
ISBN : 0-89006-551-9
35