112205321

Nelson T E X T B O O K OF
PEDIATRICS
Richard E. Behrman, MD
Executive Chair
Federation of Pediatric Organizations, Inc.
Pediatric Education Steering Committee
Palo Alto, California
and
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Stanford University School of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine
Robert M. Kliegman, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Pediatrics
Medical College of Wisconsin
Pediatrician in Chief
Pam and Les Muma Chair in Pediatrics
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Hal B. Jenson, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics
Director, Center for Pediatric Research
Eastern Virginia Medical School and Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs
Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
Norfolk, Virginia
17th Edition
SAUNDERS
An Imprint of Elsevier Science
Contents
Part I The Field of Pediatrics
Chapter 18 Psychiatric Considerations of Central

Nervous System Injury
71
Chapter 1 Overview of Pediatrics
Jorge H. Daruna, Marc A. Forman, and Neil W. Boris
Chapter 19 Psychosomatic Illness
Chapter 2 Ethics in Pediatric Care
Chapter 20 Vegetative Disorders
Robert M. Nelson and Norman Fast
20.1
Chapter 3 Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care

JillE.Korbin
Chapter
10
4 Child Health in the Developing World

14
20.5
20
Habit Disorders
80
Neil W. Boris and Richard Dalton
Part II Growth and Development
Chapter 22 Anxiety Disorders
23
Chapter 23 Mood Disorders
Chapter 7 Overview and Assessment of

Variability
23
Chapter 8 Fetal Growth and Development
Chapter 9 The Newborn
30
Chapter 10 The First Year
31
Chapter 11 TheSecondYear
27
86
Chapter 25 Disruptive Behavioral Disorders

Chapter 26 Sexual Behavior and Its Variations
26.1
26.2
53
58
Chapter 16 Developmental Assessment
Part-Ill Psychologic Disorders
90
Richard Dalton
51
Chapter 15 Assessment of Growth
88
44
Chapter 13 Middle Childhood
84
Neil W. Boris, Richard Dalton, and Marc A. Forman

23.1 Major Depression
84
23.2 Dysthymic Disorder
85
23.3 Bipolar Disorder
85
Chapter 24 Suicide and Attempted Suicide
38
Chapter 12 PreschoolYears
81
Brian Stafford, Neil W. Boris, and Richard Dalton
Robert D. Needlman
62
67
Chapter 17 Assessment and Interviewing
17.2
73
Rumination Disorder
73
Pica
73
Enuresis (Bed-wetting)
74
Encopresis
75
Sleep Disorders
75
Judith A. Owens
Chapter 21
Paul L. McCarthy
17.1
20.3
20.4
Chapter 5 Preventive Pediatrics

Theodore C. Sectish
Chapter 14 Adolescence
20.2
12
Kristine Torjesen and Karen Olness
Chapter 6 The Well Child
72
Alessandra N. Kazura, Neil W. Boris, and Richard Dalton
Richard E. Behrman
67
The Clinical Interview (History)

67
Neil W.'Boris, Marc A. Forman, and Jorge H. Daruna
Psychosocial Problems
70
Richard Dalton and Marc A. Forman
Gender Identity Disorder

Homosexuality
91
91
Chapter 27 Pervasive Developmental Disorders and

Childhood Psychosis
93
Richard Dalton, Marc A. Forman, and Neil W. Boris
27.1 Autistic Disorder
93
27.2 Asperger Disorder
94
27.3 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
94
27.4 Rett Disorder
94
27.5 Childhood Schizophrenia
94
Chapter 28 Psychologic Treatment of Children and

Adolescents
95
Richard Dalton
xxiii
XXIV
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
Contents
Illness and Death 95

Psychopharmacology 96
Psychotherapy 100
Psychiatric Hospitalization
Part VI Nutrition
100
153
Chapter 40 Nutritional Requirements

William C. Heird
153
Chapter 29 Neurodevelopmental Dysfunction in the

School-Aged Child
100
Chapter 41 The Feeding of Infants and
Children
157
29.1 Patterns of Development and Function
100
Desmond P. Kelly
William C. Heird
29.2 Attention-Defidt/Hyperactivity Disorder 107
Chapter 42 Food Insecurity, Hunger, and
Mark D. Simms
Undernutrition
167
29.3 Specific Reading Disability (Dyslexia)
110
William
C.
Heird
G. ReidLyon, Sally E. Shaywitz, and Bennett A. Shaywitz
Chapter 43 Obesity
Patricia A. Donohoue
Part IV Social Issues

Chapter 30 Adoption
113
173
Chapter 44 Vitamin Deficiencies and Excesses

William C. Heird
113
177
Mark D. Simms andMadelyn Freundlich

Chapter 31 Foster Care
114
Mark D. Simms and Madelyn Freundlich
Chapter 32 Child Care
. Part VII Pathophysiology of Body Fluids and

;
Fluid Therapy
191
115
Paul H. Dworkin
Larry A. Greenbaum
Chapter 33 Separation, Loss, and

Bereavement
116
33.1 Separation and Loss 116
Richard Dalton
33.2 Grief and Bereavement
117
Linda Sayler Gudas and Gerald P. Koocher
Chapter 34 Impact of Violence on Children
120
Marilyn Augustyn and Barry Zuckerman

Chapter 35 Abuse and Neglect of Children
Charles F. Johnson
35.1 Sexual Abuse 126
35.2 Nonorganic Failure to Thrive 129
35.3 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP)
121
193
Chapter 46 Maintenance and Replacement

Therapy
242
130
Part V Children with Special Health

Needs
133
Chapter 36 Failure toThrive
Chapter 45 Electrolyte and Acid-Base

Disorders
191
45.1 Composition of Body Fluids 191
45.2 Regulation of Osmolality and Volume
45.3 Sodium 196
45.4 Potassium 202
45.5 Calcium 208
45.6 Magnesium 217
45.7 Phosphorus 219
45.8 Acid-Base Balance 223
133
Chapter 47
DeficitTherapy
245
Chapter 48 Fluids and Electrolyte Treatment of

Specific Disorders
249
48.1 Acute Diarrhea and Oral Rehydration 249
48.2 Diarrhea in Chronically Malnourished Children
48.3 Pyloric Stenosis 251
48.4 Perioperative Fluids 251
250
Howard Bauchner
Chapter 37 Developmental Disabilities and Chronic
Illness
134
James M. Perrin
37.1 Chronic Illness in Childhood 135

James M. Perrin
37.2 Mental Retardation
138
Bruce K. Shapiro and Mark L. Batshaw
Chapter 38 Pediatric Palliative Care:The Care of
Children with Life-Limiting Illness
143
Stephen Liben
Chapter 39 Children at Special Risk

Richard E. Behrman
148
PartVili The Acutely III Child
253
Chapter 49 Evaluation of the Sick Child in the Office

and Clinic
253
Paul L. McCarthy
Chapter 50 Injury Control
256
Frederick P. Rivara and David Grossman

Chapter 51 Emergency Medical Services for
Children
263
M. Denise Dowd and Frederick P. Rivara
Contents
Chapter 52 Pediatric Critical Care:

An Overview
268
Chapter 66 Pediatric Pain Management
XXV
358
Brenda Bursch and Lonnie K. Zeltzer
Lorry R. Frankel
Chapter 53 InterfacilityTransfer of the Critically III

Infant and Child
269
Lorry R. Frankel
Chapter 54 Effective Communication with Families

inthePICU
270
Lawrence H. Mathers and Lorry R. Frankel
Chapter 55 MonitoringTechniques for the Critically

III Infant and Child
272
Lorry R. Frankel
Joseph V. DiCarlo and Lorry R. Frankel
Chapter 68 Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic

Diseases
371
H. Eugene Hoyme
Lorry R. Frankel and Joseph V. DiCarlo
Chapter 59 Continuous Hemofiltration
317
Joseph V. DiCarlo
Chapter 60 Transplantation Issues in

thePICU
318
Drowning and Near-Drowning
321
Harry J. Kallas
330
Alia Y. Antoon and Mary K. Donovan
338
Alia Y. Antoon and Mary K. Donovan
Chapter 64 Withdrawal or Withholding of Life

Support, Brain Death, and Organ
Procurement
340
Lorry R. Frankel and Lawrence H. Mathers
Chapter 65 Anesthesia and Perioperative

Care 342
376
H. Eugene Hoyme
Chapter 70 Chromosomal Clinical Abnormalities

GeneTherapy
391
Mark A. Kay
Chapter 58 Acute (Adult) Respiratory Distress

Syndrome (ARDS)
316
Randall C. Wetzel
H. Eugene Hoyme
Chapter 71
57.1 Pediatric Emergencies and Resuscitation

279
57.2 Shock
296
Lorry R. Frankel and Lawrence H.Mathers
57.3 Respiratory Distress and Failure
301
Lorry R. Frankel
57.4 Mechanical Ventilation
303
Lorry R. Frankel
57.5 Renal Stabilization
306
Joseph V. DiCarlo
57.6 Nutritional Stabilization
307
Joseph V. DiCarlo
57.7 Neurologic Stabilization
308
Joseph V. DiCarlo and Lorry R. Frankel ,
57.8 Acute Care of the Multiple Trauma Victim
312
Peter S. Dayan and Bruce L. Klein
Chapter 63 Cold Injuries
Chapter 67 The Molecular Basis of Genetic

Disorders
367
Judith G. Hall
Chapter 57 Stabilization of the Critically III

Child
279
Chapter 62 Burn Injuries
367
Chapter 69 Patterns of Inheritance
Chapter 56 Scoring Systems and Predictors of

Mortality
277
Chapter 61
Part IX Human Genetics
Chapter 72 Genetic Counseling
395
Judith G. Hall
PartX Metabolic Diseases
397
Chapter 73 An Approach to Inborn Errors of

Metabolism
397
Iraj Rezvani
Chapter 74 Defects in Metabolism of

Amino Acids
398
74.1 Phenylalanine
398
Iraj Rezvani
74.2 Tyrosine
402
Iraj Rezvani
74.3 Methionine
405
Iraj Rezvani and David S. Rosenblatt
74.4 Cysteine/Cystine
407
Iraj Rezvani
74.5 Tryptophan
408
Iraj Rezvani
74.6 Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, and Related Organic
Acidemias
409
Iraj Rezvani and David S. Rosenblatt
74.7 Glycine
418
Iraj Rezvani
74.8 Serine
421
Iraj Rezvani
74.9 Proline and Hydroxyproline
421
Iraj Rezvani
74.10 GlutamicAdd
422
Iraj Rezvani
74.11 Urea Cycle and Hyperammonemia (Arginine,
Citrulline, Omithine)
424
Iraj Rezvani
74.12 Histidine
429
Iraj Rezvani
74.13 Lysine
429
Iraj Rezvani
74.14 Aspartic Acid (Canavan Disease)
430
Reuben K. Matalon
382
XXVi
Contents
Chapter 75 Defects in Metabolism of Lipids

75.1 Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid
Oxidation 433
433
Chapter 85 The Fetus

437
75.3 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism and

Transport 445
Andrew M. Tershakovec and Daniel J. Rader
459
Margaret M. McGovern and Robert J. Desnick
75.5 Mucolipidoses
467
Chapter 76 Defects in Metabolism of

Carbohydrates
468
76.1 Glycogen Storage Diseases 469
Chapter 86 The High-Risk Infant
Yuan-Tsong Chen
76.2 Defects in Galactose Metabolism
475
Yuan-Tsong Chen
76.3 Defects in Fructose Metabolism
536
Barbara J. Stoll and Robert M. Kliegman

85.1 Fetal Growth and Maturity 536
85.2 Fetal Distress 536
85.3 Maternal Disease and the Fetus 539
85.4 Maternal Medication and Toxin Exposure and the
Fetus 540
85.5 Teratogens 542
85.6 Radiation 542
85.7 Intrauterine Diagnosis of Fetal Disease 542
85.8 Treatment and Prevention of Fetal Disease 545
Hugo W. Moser
75.4 Lipidoses
532
Charles P. Venditti and Charles A. Stanley
75.2 Disorders of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids
Chapter 84 High-Risk Pregnancies
476
Yuan-Tsong Chen
Id A Defects in Intermediary Carbohydrate Metabolism

Associated with Lactic Acidosis 477
Yuan-Tsong Chen
76.5 Deficiency of Xylulose Dehydrogenase (Essential

Benign Pentosuria) 480
Yuan-Tsong Chen
76.6 Disorders of Glycoprotein Degradation and

Structure 480
547

86.1 Multiple Pregnancies 548
86.2 Prematurity and Intrauterine Growth
Retardation 550
86.3 Post-Term Infants
558
86.4 Large for Gestational Age 558
86.5 Infant Transport 559
Chapter 87 Clinical Manifestations of Diseases

in the Newborn Period
559
Chapter 78 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine

Metabolism
486
James C. Harris
Chapter 88 Nervous System Disorders

561
88.1 The Cranium 562
88.2 Intracranial-Intraventricular Hemorrhage and
Periventricular Leukomalacia 562
88.3 Spine and Spinal Cord 564
88.4 Peripheral Nerve Injuries
565
88.5 Hypoxia-Ischemia
566
88.6 Intrauterine Infection
568
Chapter 79
Chapter 89 Delivery Room Emergencies
Chapter 77
Mucopolysaccharidoses
482
Robert M. Kliegman and Joseph L. Muenzer
Progeria
494
W. Ted Brown
Chapter 80 The Porphyrias
495
Shigeru Sassa
Chapter 81
Hypoglycemia
569
505
Mark A. Sperling
Part XI The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant 519

Section 1: Noninfectious Disorders
519
Chapter 82 Overview of Mortality and

Morbidity 519
Chapter 83 The Newborn Infant
523

83.1 History in Neonatal Pediatrics 523
83.2 Physical Examination of the Newborn Infant
83.3 Routine Delivery Room Care 527
83.4 Nursery Care 529
83.5 Parent-Infant Bonding 529
573
Chapter 90 Respiratory Tract Disorders
90.1 Transition to Pulmonary Respiration 573
90.2 Apnea 573
90.3 Hyaline Membrane Disease (Respiratory Distress
Syndrome) 575
90.4 Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn 583
90.5 Aspiration of Foreign Material (Fetal Aspiration
Syndrome, Aspiration Pneumonia)
583
90.6 Meconium Aspiration 583
90.7 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of
the Newborn (Persistent Fetal
Circulation) 584
90.8 Extrapulmonary Extravasation of Air
(Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum,
Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema)
586
90.9 Pulmonary Hemorrhage 587
Chapter 91 Digestive System Disorders

524

91.1 Meconium Ileus in Cystic Fibrosis 589
91.2 Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
(NEC) 590
588
Contents
91.3 Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the

Newborn ,592
91.4 Kernicterus 596
Chapter 92 Blood Disorders
599
92.1 Anemia in the Newborn Infant 599
92.2 Hemolytic Disease of theNewborn
(Erythroblastosis Fetalis) 601
92.3 Plethora in the Newborn Infant (Polycythemia)
92.4 Hemorrhage in the Newborn Infant 606
Chapter 93 Genitourinary System
608
Chapter 94 The Umbilicus

608
Chapter 95 Metabolic Disturbances
Chapter 96 The Endocrine System
609
613

96.1 Infants of Diabetic Mothers 613
96.2 Hypoglycemia 614
Chapter 97 Dysmorphology
Kenneth Lyons Jones
616
Section 2: Infections of the Neonatal Infant 623

Barbara J. Stoll
Chapter 98 Pathogenesis and
Epidemiology
623
98.1 Modes of Transmission and Pathogenesis 623
98.2 Immunity 625
98.3 Etiology of Fetal and Neonatal Infection 626
98.4 Epidemiology of Early- and Late-Onset Neonatal
Infections 627
98.5 Clinical Manifestations of Transplacental
Intrauterine Infections 630
98.6 Diagnosis 633
98.7 Treatment 636
98.8 Complications and Prognosis 638
98.9 Prevention 638
Chapter 102 Suicide

Renee R. Jenkins
XXVII
648
Chapter 103 Violent Behavior
649
Renee R. Jenkins
Chapter 104 Anorexia Nervosa and

Bulimia
652
IrisF.Litt
606
Chapter 105 Substance Abuse
653
Renee R. Jenkins
105.1
105.2
105.3
105.4
105.5
105.6
105.7
105.8
105.9
Alcohol 657
Marijuana 657
Tobacco 658
Volatile Substances 658
Hallucinogens 659
Cocaine 660
Amphetamines 660
Opiates 660
Anabolic Steroids 661
Chapter 106 The Breast
662
Renee R. Jenkins
Chapter 107 Menstrual Problems
663
Renee R. Jenkins
107.1 Amenorrhea 664
107.2 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 665
107.3 Dysmenorrhea 666
107.4 Premenstrual Syndrome 667
Chapter 108 Contraception
667
Renee R. Jenkins
108.1 Barrier Methods 668
108.2 Spermicides 668
108.3 Combination Methods 668
108.4 Hormonal Methods 668
108.5 Emergency Contraception 671
108.6 Intrauterine Devices 671
Chapter 109 Pregnancy
671
Renee R. Jenkins
Chapter 110 SexuallyTransmitted
Diseases
673
Renee R. Jenkins
Special Health Problems During

Adolescence 64i
Chapter 99 The Epidemiology of Adolescent
Health Problems
641
Renee R. Jenkins
Chapter 100 Delivery of Health Care to

Adolescents
643
Chapter 101 Depression

Renee R. Jenkins
677
PartXIII The Immunologic System and

Disorders
681
Section 1: Evaluation of the Immune System 681
Rebecca H. Buckley
Renee R. Jenkins
100.1 Legal Issues 644

100.2 Screening Procedures
100.3 Health Enhancement
Chapter 111 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Hal B. Jenson _
,
645
646
646
Chapter 112 Evaluation of Suspected

Immunodeficiency
681
Section 2: The T-, B-, and NK-Cell Systems 683
Rebecca H. Buckley
XXViii
Contents
Chapter 113 T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, and

Natural Killer Cells
683
Part XIV Allergic Disorders
743
Chapter 114 Primary Defects of Antibody

Production
689
114.1 Treatment of B-Cell Defects 693
Chapter 130 Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of

Atopic Disease
743
Chapter 115 Primary Defects of Cellular

Immunity
693
Chapter 131
Chapter 116 Primary Combined Antibody and

Cellular Immunodeficiencies
695
116.1 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
116.2 Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) 697
116.3 Treatment of Cellular or Combined
Immunodeficiency
700
Chapter 132 Principles of Treatment of Allergic

Disease
752
Section 3: The Phagocytic System

Chapter 117 Neutrophils
Donald Y. M. Leung
695
Chapter 134 Childhood Asthma
701
Chapter 135 Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic

Eczema)
774
707
Donald Y. M. Leung
Disorders of Phagocyte Function
710
Leukocytosis
Chapter 137 Anaphylaxis
781
Hugh A. Sampson and Donald Y. M. Leung
717
Chapter 138 Serum Sickness
Laurence A. Boxer
Chapter 122
Donald Y. M. Leung
Chapter 136 Urticaria and Angioedema

(Hives)
778
709
Laurence A. Boxer
Leukopenia
760
Andrew H. Liu, Joseph D. Spahn, and Donald Y. M. Leung
Laurence A. Boxer
Chapter 121
759
Henry Milgrom and Donald Y. M. Leung
701
Chapter 118 Monocytesand Macrophages

Richard B. Johnston, Jr.
Chapter 120
747
Dan Atkins and Donald Y. M. Leung
Chapter 133 Allergic Rhinitis
Laurence A. Boxer
Chapter 119 Eosinophils
Diagnosis of Allergic Disease
Dan Atkins and Donald Y. M. Leung
782
Scott H. Sicherer and Donald Y. M. Leung
723
Chapter 139 Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Laurence A. Boxer
Section 4: The Complement System
783
Mark Boguniewicz
725
Chapter 140 Insect Allergy
786
Scott H. Sicherer and Donald Y. M. Leung
Richard B. Johnston, Jr.
Chapter 141 Ocular Allergies
Chapter 123 The Complement System

725
Chapter 124 Disorders of the Complement
System
728
124.1 Evaluation 728
124.2 Primary Deficiencies of Complement
Components 728
124.3 Deficiencies of Plasma, Membrane, or Serosal
Complement Control Proteins 730
124.4 Secondary Disorders of Complement 730
124.5 Treatment of Complement Disorders 731
788
Mark Boguniewicz
Chapter 142 Adverse Reactions to Foods
789
Hugh A. Sampson and Donald Y. M. Leung
Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood

(Connective Tissue Diseases,
Collagen Vascular Diseases) 793
Section 5: Hematopoietic Stem Cell

Transplantation 732
Chapter 143 Evaluation of Suspected Rheumatic

Disease
793
Kent A. Robertson
Chapter 125 Clinical Indications
Michael L. Miller
732
Chapter 126 Matching and Rejection
Chapter 144 Treatment of Rheumatic

Diseases
795
737
Daniel J. Lovell, Michael L. Miller, and James T. Cassidy
Chapter 127 Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD)

Chapter 128 Principles of Immunosuppression
740
Chapter 129 Late Effects of Stem Cell
Transplantation
741
738
Chapter 145 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
799
Michael L. Miller and James T. Cassidy
Chapter 146 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other

Spondyloarthropathies
805
Michael L. Miller and Ross E. Petty
Contents
Chapter 147 Postinfectious Arthritis and Related

Conditions 808
Michael L. Miller and James T. Cassidy
Chapter 164 Infections in Immunocompromised

Persons 851
Chapter 148 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Chapter 165 Infection Associated with Medical

Devices 858
809
Marisa S. Klein-Gitelman and Michael L. Miller

148.1 Neonatal Lupus , 813
813
Lauren M. Pachman
Section 2: Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Chapter 166 Staphylococcus
816
819
Chapter 152 Sjogren Syndrome
820
Abraham Gedalia
Chapter 153 Familial Mediterranean Fever
821
Abraham Gedalia
Michael A. Gerber
168.1 Rheumatic Fever
822
Abraham Gedalia
Chapter 155 Sarcoidosis
879
Catherine S. Lachenauer and Michael R. Wessels
Margaret W. Leigh
Chapter 156 Kawasaki Disease
870
874
Chapter 169 Group B Streptococcus
822
866
Chapter 167 Streptococcus pneumoniae

(Pneumococcus)
867
Jon S. Abramson and Gary D. Overturf
Chapter 168 Group A Streptococcus
Chapter 154 Amyloidosis
861
861
James K. Todd
166.1 Staphylococcus aureus
861
166.2 Toxic Shock Syndrome
865
166.3 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
Michael L. Miller
Chapter 151 Behqet Disease

Abraham Gedalia
Marian G. Michaels and Michael Green
Patricia M. Flynn and Fred F. Barrett
Chapter 149 Juvenile Dermatomyositis

Chapter 150 Scleroderma
xxix
Chapter 170 Non-GroupAor B

Streptococci
883
823
Anne H. Rowley and Stanford T. Shulman
Michael A. Gerber
Chapter 157 Vasculitis Syndromes ~ 826

Michael L. Miller and Lauren M. Pachman
157.1 Henoch-SchonleinPurpura
826
157.2 Takayasu Arteritis
828
157.3 Polyarteritis Nodosa
829
157.4 Wegener Granulomatosis
830
157.5 Other Vasculitic Syndromes
831
Chapter 171
884
Enterococcus
David B. Haslam
Chapter 172 Diphtheria (Corynebacterium

diphtheriae)
886
Sarah S. Long
Chapter 173 Listeria monocytogenes
Chapter 158 Musculoskeletal Pain

Syndromes 831
Michael L. Miller
890
Robert S. Baltimore
Chapter 174 Actinomyces
158.1 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

158.2 Erythromelalgia
832
892
Richard F. Jacobs and Gordon E. Schutze
832
Chapter 175 Nocardia
Chapter 159 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated

with Arthritis 832
Michael L. Miller
894
Richard F. Jacobs and Gordon E. Schutze
Section 3: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections 896

Chapter 176 Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus)
896
Charles R. Woods
Infectious Diseases
Section 1: General Considerations
835
835
Chapter 160 Diagnostic Microbiology
Toni Darville
835
Anita K. M. Zaidi and Donald A. Goldmann
Chapter 161 Fever
839
Chapter 179 Chancroid

(Haemophilus ducreyi)
Chapter 162 FeverWithout a Focus

Keith R. Powell
Anne Stormorken and Keith R. Powell
Chapter 178 Haemophilus influenzae
846
904
Robert S. Daum
Keith R.Powell
Chapter 163 Sepsis and Shock
Chapter 177 Neisseria gonorrhoeae

(Gonococcus)
899
841
908
Parvin Azimi
Chapter 180 Pertussis [Bordetella pertussis and ;

B. parapertussis)
908
Sarah S. Long
<*
XXX
Contents
Chapter 181 Salmonella
912
Chapter 196 Other Anaerobic Infections
181.1
181.2
Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis
Enteric Fever
916
Chapter 182
Shigella
954
Margaret C. Fisher
Thomas G. Cleary
912
Section 5: Mycobacterial Infections

Chapter 197 Tuberculosis
tuberculosis)
958
919
Thomas G. Cleary
958
(Mycobacterium
Flor M. Munoz and Jeffrey R. Starke
Chapter 183 Escherichia coli
921
Chapter 198 Hansen Disease

leprae)
972
Dwight A.Powell
Theresa J. Ochoa and Thomas G. Cleary
Chapter 184 Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
924
Gloria P. Heresi and James R. Murphy
Chapter 199 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Chapter 185
Campylobacter
926
Gloria P. Heresi and James R. Murphy
Chapter 186 Yersinia
Section 6: Spirochetal Infections
929
932
933
188.1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa

188.2 Burkholderia 936
188.3 Stenotrophomonas 936
934
985
990
Dwight A. Powell
Chapter 205 Mycoplasma
943
Chapter 206 Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma

hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum)
992
947
(Clostridium
Section 8: Chlamydial Infections 994

Margaret R. Hammerschlag
Chapter 207 Chlamydia pneumoniae
994
Chapter 208 Chlamydia
995
208.1
208.2
208.3
208.4
trachomatis
Trachoma
995
Genital Tract Infections
996
Conjunctivitis and Pneumonia in Newborns
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)
998
Chapter 209 Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)
Robert Schechter and Stephen S. Arnon
Chapter 194 Tetanus (Clostridium
pneumoniae
990
941
Section 4: Anaerobic Bacterial Infections
Section 9: Rickettsial Infections

tetani)
951
Stephen S. Arnon
Margaret C. Fisher
983
Section 7: Mycoplasmal Infections
939
Barbara W. Stechenberg
192.1 Bartonellosis {Bartonella bacilliformis) 943
192.2 Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae) 944
192.3 Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)
946
192.4 Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacillary
Peliosis Hepatis (Bartonella henselae and
Bartonella quintana)
946
Chapter 195 Clostridium

Diarrhea
953
Chapter 202 Leptospira
Chapter 204 Lyme Disease

(Borrelia burgdorferi)
986
Eugene D. Shapiro
Lucy Tompkins
Chapter 193 Botulism

botulinum)
947
Parvin Azimi
201.1 Yaws (Treponemapertenue) 982
201.2 Bejel (Endemic Syphilis) (Treponemapallidum
subsp. endemicum) 983
201.3 Pinta (Treponema carateum) 983
Parvin Azimi
Gordon E. Schutze and Richard F. Jacobs
Bartonella
NonvenerealTreponemal
982
Chapter 203 Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)
Chapter 189 Tularemia {Francisella

tularensis)
937
Gordon E. Schutze and Richard F. Jacobs
Chapter 192
Chapter 201
Infections
Parvin Azimi
Robert S. Baltimore
Legionella
978
Parvin Azimi
Chapter 188 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and

Stenotrophomonas
933
Chapter 191
978
Chapter 200 Syphilis (Treponemapallidum)
Chapter 187 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas

James R. Murphy and Gloria P. Heresi
Chapter 190 Brucella
975
Dwight A. Powell
James R. Murphy and Gloria P. Heresi

186.1 Yersinia enterocolitica 929
186.2 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 930
186.3 Plague (Yersiniapestis) 930
187.1 Aeromonas 932

187.2 Plesiomonas shigelloides
(Mycobacterium
difficile-Assodated
999
J. Stephen Dumler
Chapter 210 Spotted Fever Group

Rickettsioses 999
210.1
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

(Rickettsia rickettsii) 999
997
998
Contents
210.2 Mediterranean Spotted Fever or Boutonneuse

Fever (Rickettsia conorii) 1003
210.3 Rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari) 1003
Chapter 211 ScrubTyphus
(Orientia tsutsugamushf)
1004
Ehrlichiosisand Anaplasmosis
Chapter 214 Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
1006
1009
Chapter 215 Candida

1011
Martin E. Weisse and Stephen C. Aronoff
215.1 Neonatal Infections 1012
215.2 Infections in Immunocompetent Children and
Adolescents 1013
215.3 Infections in Immunocompromised Children and
Adolescents 1013
215.4 Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis 1014
Cryptococcus
1014
neoformans
Malassezia
1016
Chapter 230 Parvovirus B19

William C. Koch
1048
Chapter 231 Herpes SimplexVirus

Steve Kohl
1051
Chapter 233
Epstein-BarrVirus
1062
Hal B. Jenson
Chapter 234 Cytomegalovirus
1066
Sergio Stagno
Chapter 235 Roseola (Human Herpesviruses

6 and 7)
1069
Charles T. Leach
1072
Influenza Viruses
1072
Peter Wright
1016
Chapter 218 Aspergillus
Stephen C. Aronoff
218.1 Hypersensitivity Syndromes 1016
218.2 Saprophytic (Noninvasive) Syndromes
218.3 Invasive Disease 1017.
Chapter 238 Parainfluenza Viruses
1075
Peter Wright
1017
Chapter 219 Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma

capsulatum)
1018
Stephen C. Aronoff
Chapter 220 Blastomycosis (Blastomyces

dermatitidis)
1020
Robin B. Churchill and Stephen C. Aronoff
Chapter 239 Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Kenneth Mclntosh
Chapter 240 Adenoviruses
Kenneth Mclntosh
Chapter 241 Rhinoviruses
Kenneth Mclntosh
Chapter 221 Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides

immitis)
1021
Demosthenes Pappagianis
1076
1079
1080
Chapter 242 Rotavirus and Other Agents of Viral

Gastroenteritis
1081
Dorsey M. Bass
Chapter 243 Human Papillomaviruses
Anna-Barbara Moscicki
Chapter 222 Paracoccidioides

brasiliensis
1023
1084
Chapter 244 Arboviral Encephalitis in

North America
1086
Chapter 223 Sporotrichosis
Scott B. Halstead
(Sporothrix schenckii)
1024
Chapter 245 Arboviral Encephalitis Outside

North America
1089
1025
Scott B. Halstead
Section 11: Viral Infections
1042
Mark J. Abzug
Chapter 237
Martin E. Weisse
Chapter 224 Zygomycosis
1036
Chapter 236 Human Herpesvirus8

Charles T. Leach
Stephen C. Aronoff
Chapter 217
Chapter 228 Polioviruses

Eric A. F. Simoes
Chapter 232 Varicella-ZosterVirus

1057
Martin G. Myers, Lawrence R. Stanberry, and Jane F. Seward
Section 10: Mycotic Infections 1011
Chapter 216
1035
Chapter 229 Nonpolio Enteroviruses
1005
Chapter 212 Typhus Group Rickettsioses
212.1 Murine Typhus (Rickettsia typhi) 1005
212.2 Epidemic Typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) 1006
Chapter 213
Chapter 227 Mumps

Yvonne Maldonado
245.1 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis

245.2 Japanese Encephalitis 1090
245.3 Tick-Borne Encephalitis 1091
1026
Chapter 225 Measles

1026
Yvonne Mdldonado
225.1 Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Chapter 226 Rubella
1032
Yvonne Maldonado
226.1 Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis
XXXI
1030
Chapter 246 Dengue Fever and Dengue

Hemorrhagic Fever
1092
Scott B. Halstead
1034
1089
Chapter 247 Yellow Fever

Scott B. Halstead
1095
X)
XXXII
Contents
Cl
Chapter 248
OtherViral Hemorrhagic Fevers
1096
Scott B. Halstead
Rima McLeod and Jack S. Remington
Chapter 249 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

Virus
1099
Cl
Hantaviruses
1100
Section 13: Helminthic Diseases
Rabies
William G. Adams
Cl
Chapter 253 Transmissible Spongiform

Encephalopathies
1105
1105
Chapter 269 Hookworms (Ancylostoma and

Necator americanus) 1156
Peter Hotez
269.1 Cutaneous Larva Migrans
David M. Asher
Chapter 271 Enterobiasis (Enterobius

vermicularis) 1159
Ram Yogev and Ellen Gould Chadwick
Sheral S. Patel and James W. Kazura
Hal B. Jenson
Section 12: Protozoan Diseases
1123
Chandy C. John and Robert A. Salata
Chapter 258 Giardiasis and Balantidiasis
1125
Larry K. Pickering
258.1
Giardia lamblia
258.2 Balantidiasis
Cl
Cl
Chapter 277
Patricia M. Flynn
Chapter 278
Intestinal)
1129
Robert A. Bonomo and Robert A. Salata
1169
Ronald Blanton
Chapter 280
Chapter 262 AfricanTrypanosomiasis

(Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma brucei
complex)
1134
Cysticercosis
1171
Ronald Blanton
Chapter 281 Echinococcosis (Echinococcus

granulosusand E. multilocularis) 1173
Ronald Blanton
Chapter 263 AmericanTrypanosomiasis (Chagas

Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi) 1136
Robert A. Bonomo and Robert A. Salata
Chapter 264
Malaria (Plasmodium)
Babesiosis (Babesia)
Peter J. Krause
Section 14: Preventive Measures

Chapter 282
1139
Peter J. Krause
Chapter 265
1161
Flukes (Liver, Lung, and

1168
Chapter 279 Adult Tapeworm Infections

1130
Peter C. Melby
Cl
Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)
Charles H. King
Chapter 261 Leishmaniasis (Leishmania)
Cl
1166
Charles H. King
Cl

Chapter 260 Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas
5.
Chapter 275 Toxocariasis (Visceral and Ocular

Larva Migrans)
1164
Chapter 276 Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis)
1125
1127
Chapter 259 Spore-Forming Intestinal

Protozoa
1128
vagina I is) .
1162
Chapter 274 Other Tissue Nematodes
Martin E. Weisse and Stephen C. Aronoff
Cl
stereo ra Iis)
1160
1122
Chapter 257 Amebiasis
Chapter 272 Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides
Chapter 273 Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia malayi,

Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti) 1161
1122
Primary Amebic
, Meningoencephalitis
1158
Chapter 255 HumanT-Cell LymphotropicViruses

Types I and II
1121
Cl
1158
Chapter 270 Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichiura)
Chapter 254 Acquired Immunodeficiency

Syndrome (Human Immunodeficiency
Virus)
1109
Chapter 256
1155
Chapter 252 Polyomaviruses

Hal B. Jenson
Cl
1154
Chapter 268 Ascariasis (Ascaris

lumbricoides)
1155
1101
Cl
Cl
Pneumocystis carinii
Walter T. Hughes
Scott B. Halstead
Chapter 251
Cl
Chapter 267
Hal B. Jenson
Chapter 250
Cl
Chapter 266 Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma

gondii)
1144
1143
1174
Immunization Practices
Georges Peter
Chapter 283 Infection Control and

Prophylaxis
1184
Margaret C. Fisher
1174
,
Contents
Chapter 284 Child Care and Communicable

Diseases
1187
Larry K. Pickering
Chapter 285 Health Advice for ChildrenTraveling

Internationally
1189
Chapter 301 Obstructing and Motility Disorders of

the Esophagus
1220
Chapter 302
Dysmotility
Chapter 303
Hiatal Hernia
1220
1221
Chapter 304 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

(GERD)
1222
304.1 Complications of GERD
Part XVII The Digestive System
1197
Section 1: Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal

Disease
1197
Robert Wyllie
Chapter 287 Major Symptoms and Signs of

DigestiveTract Disorders
1198
1204
Chapter 288 Development and Developmental

Anomalies of theTeeth
1204
Chapter 289 Disorders of the Oral Cavity Associated
with Other Conditions
1206
Chapter 290
Malocclusion
Chapter 291
Cleft Lip and Palate
1206
1207
Chapter 292 Syndromes with Oral

Manifestations
1209
Chapter 293
Dental Caries
Chapter 294
Periodontal Diseases
Chapter 295
DentalTrauma
1209
1212
1213
Chapter 296 Common Lesions of the Oral Soft

Tissues
1214
Chapter 297 Diseases of the Salivary Glands and
Jaws
1215
Chapter 298 Diagnostic Radiology in Dental
Assessment
1216
1217
Susan Orenstein, John Peters, Seema Khan, Nader Youssef, and

Sunny Zaheed Hussain
Chapter 299 Embryology, Anatomy, and Function of

the Esophagus
1217
299.1 Common Clinical Manifestations and
Diagnostic Aids 1218
Chapter 300 Congenital Anomalies: Esophageal
Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
1219
300.1
Chapter 305
Non-GERDEsophagitis
1224
Chapter 306
Esophageal Perforation
1225
Chapter 307
Esophageal Varices
1225
Section 4: Stomach and Intestines
Chapter 309
Function
1225
1228
Normal Development, Structure, and

1228
Robert Wyllie
Norman Tinanoff
Section 3: The Esophagus
1224
Chapter 308 Ingestions

1225
308.1 Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus
308.2 Caustic Ingestions
1226
Chapter 286 Normal DigestiveTract

Phenomena
1197
Section 2: The Oral Cavity
XXXIII
Congenital Anomalies: Laryngotracheoesophageal

Clefts
1220
Chapter 310 Pyloric Stenosis and Congenital

Anomalies of the Stomach
1229
Robert Wyllie
310.1 Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis 1229
310.2 Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction
1231
310.3 Gastric Duplication
1231
310.4 Gastric Volvulus
1231
310.5 Hypertrophic Gastropathy 1231
Chapter 311 Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and
Malrotation
1232
Robert Wyllie
311.1 Duodenal Obstruction
1233
311.2 Jejunal and Heal Atresia and Obstruction 1234
311.3 Malrotation
1235
Chapter 312 Intestinal Duplications, Meckel
Diverticulum, and Other Remnants of the
Omphalomesenteric Duct
1236
Robert Wyllie
312.1 Intestinal Duplication
1236
312.2 Meckel Diverticulum and Other Remnants
of the Omphalomesenteric Duct 1236
Chapter 313 Motility Disorders and Hirschsprung
Disease
1237
Robert Wyllie
313.1 Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
1237
313.2 Functional Constipation
1238
313.3 C ongenital Aganglionic Megacolon
(Hirschsprung Disease)
1239
313.4 Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (Wilkie
Syndrome, Cast Syndrome, Arteriomesenteric
Duodenal Compression Syndrome)
1241
Chapter 314 Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and
Closed-Loop Obstructions
1241
Robert Wyllie
\
314.1 Ileus 1241
C
314.2 Adhesions 1241
*
xxxiv
Contents
314.3 Intussusception
1242
314.4 Closed-Loop Obstructions
325.5 Rectal Prolapse 1289

325.6 Pilonidal Sinus and Abscess
1243
Chapter 315 Foreign Bodies and Bezoars

1244
Robert Wyllie
315.1 Foreign Bodies in the Stomach and Intestine 1244
315.2 Bezoars 1244
1246
1248
1252
1257
Jeffrey Hyams
Chapter 320 Malabsorptive Disorders

1257
Manuel Garda-Careaga and John A. Kerner
320.1 Evaluation of Children with Suspected Intestinal
Malabsorption
1257
320.2 Chronic Malnutrition
1261
320.3 Liver and Biliary Disorders 1261
320.4 Intestinal Infections
1261
320.5 Immunodeficiency
1262
320.6 Stagnant Loop Syndrome (Blind Loop Syndrome:
Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome)
1262
320.7 Short Bowel Syndrome 1262
320.8 Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (Celiac Disease,
Celiac Sprue)
1264
320.9 Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal
Disease 1266
320.10 Other Malabsorptive Snydromes 1266
320.11 Enzyme Deficiencies
1267
320.12 Defects of Absorption or Transport
1268
1272
Larry K. Pickering and John D. Snyder
Chapter 322 Chronic Diarrhea
1276
Chapter 323 Recurrent Abdominal Pain of

Childhood
1281
Robert Wyllie
1283
Gary E. Hartman
Chapter 325 Surgical Conditions of the Anus,

Rectum, and Colon
1285
Alberto Pena
325.1
325.2
325.3
325.4
Inguinal Hernias
1292
1293
Section 5: Exocrine Pancreas
1298
Chapter 328 Embryology, Anatomy, and

Physiology
1298
328.1 Anatomic Abnormalities 1298
328.2 Physiology 1298
1299
Disorders of the Exocrine

1299
Chapter 331 Treatment of Pancreatic

Insufficiency
1300
Chapter 332 Pancreatitis
1300
332.1 Acute Pancreatitis
1300
332.2 Chronic Pancreatitis
1302
Chapter 333
Pseudocyst of the Pancreas
Chapter 334
PancreaticTumors
1303
1303
Section 6: The Liver and Biliary System 1304

Chapter 335 Development and Function of the Liver
and Biliary System
1304
Michael D. Bates and William F. Balistreri
Chapter 336 Manifestations of Liver Disease
1308
Vicky Lee Ng and William F. Balistreri
336.1 Evaluation of Patients with Possible Liver

Dysfunction
1312
Chapter 337 Cholestasis
1314
Hassan H. A-Kaderand William F. Balistreri

337.1 Neonatal Cholestasis 1314
337.2 Cholestasis in the Older Child 1319
Chapter 338 Metabolic Diseases of the Liver
1319
Jeffrey A. Rudolph and William F. Balistreri
Fayez K. Ghishan
Chapter 324 Acute Appendicitis
Chapter 327
Chapter 329 Pancreatic FunctionTests
Jeffrey Hyams
Chapter 321 Gastroenteritis
326.1 Diarrhea from Hormone-Secreting Tumors
Chapter 330
Pancreas
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
1289
Joel Shilyansky
Steven L. Werlin
Chapter 318 Food Allergy (Food

Hypersensitivity)
1255
Chapter 319
Chapter 326 Tumors of the DigestiveTract
John J. Aiken
Chapter 316 Peptic Ulcer Disease

1244
Francisco A. Sylvester
316.1 Secondary or Stress (Peptic) Ulcer Disease
316.2 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome 1247
Chapter 317 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Jeffrey Hyams
317.1 Chronic Ulcerative Colitis 1249
317.2 Crohn Disease (Regional Enteritis,
Regional lleitis, Granulomatous Colitis)
317.3 Behcet Syndrome
1255
1289
Anorectal Malformations
1285
Anal Fissure 1288
Perianal Abscess and Fistula
1288
Hemorrhoids
1289
338.1 Inherited Deficient Conjugation of Bilirubin

(Familial Nonhemolytic Unconjugated
Hyperbilirubinemia)
1320
338.2 Wilson Disease 1321
1323
338.3 Hepatic Copper Overload Syndrome
338.4 Indian Childhood Cirrhosis 1323
338.5 Neonatal Iron Storage Disease (NISD) 132 3
338.6 Miscellaneous Metabolic Diseases of the Liver 1323
Chapter 339 Viral Hepatitis
1324
John D. Snyder and Larry K. Pickering
339.1 Hepatitis in Neonates

Chapter 340
Liver Abscess
1331
1332
Jeffrey Schwimmer and William F. Balistreri
Contents
Chapter 341
Disorders
Liver Disease Associated with Systemic

1333
Jeffrey Schwimmer and William F. Balistreri
Chapter 342 Reye Syndrome and the Mitochondrial

Hepatopathies
1335
Chapter 343 Autoimmune (Chronic) Hepatitis
1337
Benjamin L. Shneider and Frederick J. Suchy
Fulminant Hepatic Failure
1341
Frederick J. Suchy
Chapter 346 Cystic Diseases of the Biliary Tract and

Liver
1343
Frederick J. Suchy
Diseases of the Gallbladder
1345
Frederick J. Suchy
Liver Transplantation
Ascites
1351
Chapter 359 Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory

Disease
1375
Gabriel G. Haddad and Regina M. Palazzo
Chapter 360 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
1380
Carl E. Hunt and Fern R. Hauck
Chapter 363
1351
Nasal Polyps
1388
Joseph Haddad Jr.
1351
Chapter 364 The Common Cold
Chapter 365 Sinusitis
1391
Diane E. Poppas and J. Owen Hendley
Chapter 366 Acute Pharyngitis
1393
Gregory F. Hayden and Ronald B. Turner
Chapter 353 Diaphragmatic Hernia

1353
Gary E. Hartman
353.1 Foramen of Morgagni Hernia 1355
353.2 Paraesophageal Hernia
1355
353.3 Eventration
1355
Epigastric Hernia
1389
Ronald B. Turner and Gregory F. Hayden
Chapter 352 Peritonitis

1351
Jeffrey S. Hyams
352.1 Acute Primary Peritonitis 1352
352.2 Acute Secondary Peritonitis 1352
352.3 Acute S econdary Localized Peritonitis
(Peritoneal Abscess)
1353
Chapter 354
Chapter 358 Defense Mechanisms and Metabolic

Functions of the Lung
1373
Gabriel G. Haddad and J. Julio Perez Fontdn
358.1 Defense Mechanisms
1373
358.2 Metabolic Functions 1375
Chapter 362 Acquired Disorders of the

Nose
1387
Joseph Haddad Jr.
362.1 Foreign Body 1387
362.2 Epistaxis 1387
Jeffrey S. Hyams
351.1 Chylous Ascites
357.2 Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome

(Ondine Curse)
1372
Joseph Haddad Jr.
1349
Section 7: Peritoneum 1351
Chapter 351
1362
Chapter 361 Congenital Disorders of the

Nose
1386
Kenneth L. Cox
Chapter 350 Malformations

Jeffrey S: Hyams
Chapter 357 Respiratory Pathophysiology

J. Julio Perez Fontdn and Gabriel G. Haddad
357.1 Respiratory Failure 1370
Section 2: Upper Respiratory Tract 1386
Chapter 348 Portal Hypertension and

Varices
1346
Frederick J. Suchy
Chapter 349
1359
Gabriel G. Haddad
Chapter 344 Drug- andToxin-lnduced Liver

Injury
1339
Frederick J. Suchy
Chapter 347
Regulation of Respiration
Gabriel G. Haddad
J. Julio Perez Fontdn and Gabriel G. Haddad
Jeffrey A. Rudolph and William F. Balistreri
Chapter 345
Chapter 356
XXXV
Chapter 367 Retropharyngeal Abscess, Lateral

Pharyngeal (Parapharyngeal) Abscess, and
Peritonsillar Cellulitis/Abscess
1394
Diane E. Poppas and J. Owen Hendley
Chapter 368 Tonsils and Adenoids
1355
1396
Ralph F. Wetmore
Gary E. Hartman
354.1 Incisional Hernia
Chapter 369 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and

Hypoventilation
1397
1356
Carol L. Rosen, Lewis J. Kass, and Gabriel G. Haddad
: XVIII: The Respiratory System

Section 1: Development and Function
1357
1357
Chapter 355 Development of the Respiratory

System
1357
Gabriel G. Haddad and J. Julio Perez Fontdn
Section 3: Disorders of the Lungs and Lower

Airways 1401
Thomas P. Green and Susanna A. McColley
Chapter 370 Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory,

Symptoms
1401
'
Thomas F. Boat
'
XXXVI
Contents
Chapter 371 Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway

Obstruction
1405
Glenna B. Winnie and Steven Boas
Genie E. Roosevelt
371 :i Infectious Upper Airway Obstruction

371.2 Bacterial Tracheitis 1409
1405
Chapter 372 Congenital Anomalies of the

Larynx
1409
Lauren D. Holinger
372.1
372.2
372.3
372.4
372.5
372.6
372.7
Laryngomalacia
1409
Congenital Subglottic Stenosis 1409
Vocal Cord Paralysis 1410
Congenital Laryngeal Webs and Atresia 1410
Congenital SubglotticHemangioma
1410
Laryngoceles and Saccular Cysts 1410
Posterior Laryngeal Cleft and
Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft
1410
Chapter 373
Foreign Bodies of the Airway
1410
Lauren D. Holinger
373.1 Laryngeal Foreign B odies 1411

373.2 Tracheal Foreign Bodies 1411
373.3 Bronchial Foreign Bodies 1411
Chapter 374
Stenosis
Chapter 381 o^-Antitrypsin Deficiency and

Emphysema
1421
Laryngotracheal Stenosis, Subglottic

1412
Chapter 382 Other Distal Airway Diseases

1422
Steven Boas
382.1 Bronciolitis Obliterans 1422
382.2 Follicular Bronchitis 1422
382.3 Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis 1422
Chapter 383 Congenital Disorders of the
Lung
1423
Thomas P. Green and Jonathan D. Finder
383.1
383.2
383.3
383.4
383.5
383.6
383.7
383.8
Pulmonary Agenesis and Aplasia 1423

Pulmonary Hypoplasia
1423
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
1424
Pulmonary Sequestration
1424
Bronchogenic Cysts 1425
Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia
1425
Lung Hernia
1425
Other Congenital Malformations of
the Lung 1425
Chapter 384
Pulmonary Edema
1426
Robert Mazor and Thomas P. Green
Lauren D. Holinger
Chapter 385 Aspiration Syndromes
374.1 Congenital Subglottic Stenosis 1412

374.2 AcquiredXaryngotracheal Stenosis 1412
Chapter 386
Chapter 375 Congenital Anomalies of theTrachea

and Bronchi
1412
Lauren D. Holinger
375.1 Vascular and Cardiac Anomalies 1412

375.2 Trachea] Stenoses, Webs, and Atresia
1412
375.3 Foregut Cysts 1413
Chapter 376 Bronchomalacia and
Tracheomalacia
1413
Chapter 377 Neoplasms of the Larynx,Trachea, and
Bronchi
1413
Lauren D. Holinger
377.1 Vocal Nodules 1413

377.2 Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
(RRP) 1413
377.3 Congenital Subglottic Hemangioma
1414
377.4 Vascular Anomalies . 1414
377.5 Other Laryngeal Neoplasms 1414
377.6 Tracheal Neoplasms 1414
377.7 Bronchial Tumors 1414
Chapter 378 Inflammatory Disorders of the Small
Airways
1414
Denise Goodman
John L. Colombo
Chapter 388 Parenchymal Disease with Prominent

Hypersensitivity, Eosinophilic Infiltration, or
Toxin-Mediated Injury
1430
388.1
388.2
388.3
388.4
Hypersensitivity to Inhaled Materials 1430

Silo Filler Disease 1431
Paraquat Lung 1431
Eosinophilic Lung Disease (Formerly Loffler
Syndrome)
1432
Chapter 389
Pneumonia
1432
Theodore C. Sectish and Charles G. Prober
Chapter 390 Slowly Resolving Pneumonia
1435
Oren Lakser
Chapter 391
Bronchiectasis
1436
Oren Lakser
Chapter 392
Pulmonary Abscess
1437
Oren Lakser
Cystic Fibrosis
1437
Thomas F. Boat
1417
Marzena Krawiec and Robert F. Lemanske, Jr.
Steven Boas and Glenna B. Winnie
1428
Chapter 387 Gastroesophageal Reflux and

Respiratory Disorders
1430
Chapter 393
378.1 Bronchitis 1414

378.2 Bronchiolitis
1415
Chapter 380 .Emphysema and

Overinflation
1419
Chronic Recurrent Aspiration
John L. Colombo
Oren Lakser
Jonathan D. Finder
Chapter 379 Wheezing in Infants
1427
John L. Colombo
Chapter 394 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile

Cilia Syndrome)
1450
Gabriel G. Haddad
Chapter 395
Interstitial Lung Diseases
1451
Michelle S. Howenstine
Contents
Chapter 396 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
1453
Aaron Hamvas, Lawrence M. Nogee, and F. Sessions Cole
Chapter 397 Inherited Disorders of Surfactant

Protein Metabolism
1454
Aaron Hamvas, Lawrence M. Nogee, andF. Sessions Cole
Chapter 398 Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
1455
Dorr G. Dearborn
Chapter 399 Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Embolism,

and Infarction 1457
Daniel Sloniewsky and Thomas P. Green
399.1 Pulmonary Embolism and Infarction

399.2 Hemoptysis
1458
Chapter 400 Atelectasis
1457
1459
Pleurisy
Section V. Developmental Biology of the Cardiovascular

System 1475
Daniel Bernstein
Chapter 413 Cardiac Development

413.1
413.2
413.3
413.4
413.5
413.6
414.1
414.2
414.3
414.4
1461
Susanna A. McColley and Paul R. Haut
Chapter 402
Part XIX The Cardiovascular System 1475
1461
Glenna B. Winnie
402.1 Dry or Plastic Pleurisy

1461
402.2 Serofibrinous Pleurisy
1462
402.3 Purulent Pleurisy (Empyema)
Chapter 403
Pneumothorax
Chapter 415 History and Physical

Examination
1481
1465
Glenna B. Winnie
Chapter 416 Laboratory Evaluation
Chapter 405 Hydrothorax

Glenna B. Winnie
1465
Chapter 406 Hemothorax

Glenna B. Winnie
1465
Chapter 407 Chylothorax
1466
416.1
416.2
416.3
416.4
416.5
416.6
Glenna B. Winnie
Chapter 408
The Fetal Circulation

1479
The Transitional Circulation
1479
The Neonatal Circulation
1479
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the
Neonate (Persistence of Fetal Circulatory
Pathways)
1481
Daniel Bernstein
1463
Pneumomediastinum
1478
Section 2: Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System 1481
1462
Glenna B. Winnie
Chapter 404
1475
Early Cardiac Morphogenesis

1475
Cardiac Looping
1475
Cardiac Septation
1475
Aortic Arch Development
1477
Cardiac Differentiation
1478
Developmental Changes in Cardiac Function
Chapter 414 The Fetal-to-Neonatal Circulatory

Transition 1479
Ranna A. Rozenfeld
Chapter 401 Pulmonary Tumors
XXXVil
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
1466
Steven Lestrud
Chapter 409 Skeletal Diseases Influencing

Pulmonary Function 1467
Steven Boas
409.1 Pectus Excavatum (Funnel Chest)

1467
409.2 Pectus Carinatum and Fissuri Sterni
1468
409.3 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy
(Thoracic-Pelvic-Phalangeal Dystrophy)
1468
409.4 Achondroplasia
1468
409.5 Kyphoscoliosis: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and
Congential Scoliosis
1469
409.6 Congenital Rib Anomalies
1469
Chapter 410 Neuromuscular Diseases with

Pulmonary Consequences
1469
David Gozal
Chapter 411 Extrapulmonary Diseases with
Pulmonary Manifestations
1471
Susanna A. McColley
Chapter 412 Chronic Severe Respiratory

Insufficiency
1472
Zehava Noah and Cynthia Budek
416.7
1488
Radiologic Assessment
1488
Electrocardiography
1489
Hematologic Data
1493
Echocardiography
1493
Exercise Testing
1495
MRI, Electron Beam CT, and Radionuclide
Studies
1496
Cardiac Catheterization
1496
Section 3: Congenital Heart Disease 1499

Daniel Bernstein
Chapter 417 Epidemiology and Genetic Basis of

Congenital Heart Disease 1499
Chapter 418 Evaluation of the Infant or Child with
Congenital Heart Disease 1502
Chapter 419 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease:
The Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions 1503
419.1
419.2
419.3
419.4
419.5
419.6
419.7
419.8
419.9
Atrial Septal Defect

1503
Ostium Secundum Defect
1504
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
1505
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous
Return
1505
Atrioventricular Septal Defects (Ostium Primum and
Atrioventricular Canal or Endocardial Cushion
Defects)
1506
Ventricular Septal Defect
1508
Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic
Insufficiency
1510
t,
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
1510
',"
Aorticopulmonary Window Defect
1512 .'-\
xxxviii
Contents
419.10 Coronary-Arteriovenous Fistula

(Coronary-Cameral Fistula) 1512
419.11 Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
1512

The Obstructive Lesions
1513
420.1 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis with Intact Ventricular
Septum 1513
420.2 Infundibular Pulmonary Stenosis and DoubleChamber Right Ventricle 1515
420.3 Pulmonary Stenosis in Combination with an
Intracardiac Shunt
1515
420.4 Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis 1515
420.5 Aortic Stenosis 1516
420.6 Coarctation of the Aorta
1518
420.7 Coarctation with Ventricular Septal Defect
1520
420.8 Coarctation with Other Cardiac Anomalies and
Interrupted Aortic Arch 1520
420.9 Congenital Mitral Stenosis 1520
42 0.10 Pulmonary Venous Hypertension 1521
Regurgitant Lesions
1522
421.1 Pulmonary Valvular Insufficiency and Congenital
Absence of the Pulmonary Valve 1522
421.2 Congenital Mitral Insufficiency
1522
421.3 Mitral Valve Prolapse 1522
421.4 Tricuspid Regurgitation
1523
Chapter 422 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease:
Evaluation of the Critically III Neonate with
Cyanosis and Respiratory Distress
1523
Chapter 423 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions:
Lesions Associated with Decreased Pulmonary
Blood Flow
1524
423.1 Tetralogy of Fallot
1524
42 3.2 Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular
Septal Defect
1528
423.3 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular
Septum 1529
423.4 Tricuspid Atresia
1530
423.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Pulmonary
Stenosis 1532
42 3.6 Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular
Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis 1532
423.7 Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve 1532
Chapter 424 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease:
Lesions Associated with Increased Pulmonary
Blood Flow
1534
424.1 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries 1534
424.2 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries with Intact
Ventricular Septum 1535
424.3 Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular
Septal Defect
1536
424.4 1-Transposition of the Great Arteries (Corrected
^ Transposition)
1537
424.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Without Pulmonary
Stenosis 1538
424.6 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with
Transposition of the Great Arteries (Taussig-Bing
Anomaly)
1538
424.7 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 1538
424.8 Truncus Arteriosus

1540
424.9 Single Ventricle (Double-Inlet Ventricle,
Univentricular Heart)
1541
424.10 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
1541
424.11 Abnormal Positions of the Heart and the
Heterotaxy Syndromes (Asplenia,
Polysplenia)
1544
Chapter 425 Other Congenital Heart and Vascular
Malformations
1545
42 5.1 Anomalies of the Aortic Arch 1545
42 5.2 Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Arteries 1545
42 5.3 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
1547
425.4 Ectopia Cordis 1548
42 5.5 Diverticulum of the Left Ventricle 1548
Chapter 426 Pulmonary Hypertension
1548
426.1 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
1548
426.2 Pulmonary Vascular Disease (Eisenmenger
Syndrome)
1549
Chapter 427 General Principles of Treatment of
Congenital Heart Disease
1551
Section 4: Cardiac Arrhythmias 1554
Anne Dubin
Chapter 428 Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm
of the Heart
1554
428.1 Sinus Arrhythmias and Extrasystoles
1554
428.2 Supraventricular Tachycardia
1559
428.3 Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
1561
428.4 Long Q-T Syndrome 1562
428.5 Bradyarrhythmias
1562
428.6 Sick Sinus Syndrome 1563
428.7 Sudden Death 1563
Section 5:AcquiredHeartDisease
1565
Daniel Bernstein
Chapter 429
Infective Endocarditis
1565
Chapter 430
Rheumatic Heart Disease
1570
Section 6: Diseases of the Myocardium and

Pericardium 1572
Daniel Bernstein
Chapter 431 Diseases of the Myocardium

431.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy
15 72
431.2 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
1575
431.3 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
1576
431.4 Myocarditis
1576
431.5 Nonviral Causes of Myocarditis 1577
431.6 Endocardial Fibroelastosis 1578
Chapter 432
432.1
Diseases of the Pericardium
Constrictive Pericarditis
1581
Chapter 433 Tumorsof the Heart
1581
Section 7: Cardiac Therapeutics 1582

Daniel Bernstein
Chapter 434
434.1
1572
Heart Failure
Cardiogenic Shock
1582
1586
1579
,
Contents
Chapter 435 Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung

Transplantation
1587
435.1 Pediatric Heart Transplantation
1587
435.2 Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation
1590
Chapter 451
Section 8: Diseases of the Peripheral Vascular

System 1591
Chapter 453
Chapter 452
Hereditary Stomatocytosis
1622
George B. Segel
Other Membrane Defects
1622
Chapter 454 Hemoglobin Disorders

1623
Keith Quircdo and Elliott Vichinsky
454.1 Sickle Cell Disease 1624
454.2 Sickle Cell Trait (Hemoglobin AS)
1628
454.3 Other Hemoglobinopathies
1629
454.4 Unstable Hemoglobin Disorders 1629
454.5 Abnormal Hemoglobins with Increased Oxygen
Affinity
1629
454.6 Abnormal Hemoglobins Causing
Cyanosis 1629
454.7 Hereditary Methemoglobinemia
1629
454.8 Syndromes of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal
Hemoglobin (HPFH) 1630
454.9 Thalassemia Syndromes 1630
Chapter 436 Disease of the Blood Vessels

(Aneurysms and Fistulas)
1591
436.1 Kawasaki Disease 1591
436.2 Arteriovenous Fistulas 1591
Chapter 437 Systemic Hypertension
1592
Diseases of the Blood
1599
1599
Chapter 438 Development of the Hematopoietic

System
1599
Robin K. Ohls and Robert D. Christensen
Chapter 439 The Anemias
1622
George B. Segel
George B. Segel
Daniel Bernstein
Section 1: The Hematopoietic System
Hereditary Elliptocytosis
XXXJX
Chapter 455
Enzymatic Defects
1635
George B. Segel
455.1 Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Deficiency

1635
455.2 Other Glycolytic Enzyme Deficiencies
1636
455.3 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) and
Related Deficiencies
1636
1604
Bertil Glader
Section 2: Anemias of Inadequate Production
1606
Bertil Glader
Chapter 456 Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from

Extracellular Factors
1638
George B. Segel
Chapter 440 Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia

(Diamond-Blackfan Anemia)
1606
Chapter 457 Hemolytic Anemias Secondary to Other

Extracellular Factors
1640
Chapter 441 Pearson Marrow-Pancreas

Syndrome
1607
George B. Segel
Chapter 442 Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell

Anemias
1608
Section 4: Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis)
Chapter 443 Anemia of Chronic Disorders

(ACD) and Renal Disease
1609
Chapter 458 Primary Polycythemia (Polycythemia

RubraVera)
1641
Chapter 444 Congenital Dyserythropoietic

Anemias (CDA)
1609
Chapter 459
Chapter 445
1610
Chapter 446 Megaloblastic Anemias

1611
446.1 Folic Acid Deficiency
1611
446.2 Vitamin B 12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
1612
Chapter 447 Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Chapter 448 Other Microcytic Anemias
Section 3: Hemolytic Anemias
1613
1614
1616
1617
Chapter 449 Definitions and Classification of

Hemolytic Anemias
1617
George B. Segel
1620
1641
1642
Chapter 460 The Constitutional

Pancytopenias
1642
Alan D. D'Andrea
Chapter 461 The Acquired Pancytopenias
1644
Jeffrey D. Hard
Section 6: Risks of Blood Component

Transfusions
1646
Ronald G. Strauss
Chapter 462 Red Blood Cell Transfusions and

ErythropoietinTherapy
1646
Chapter 463
George B. Segel
Chapter 450 Hereditary Spherocytosis
Secondary Polycythemia
Section 5: The Pancytopenias
Physiologic Anemia of Infancy
446.3 Other Rare Megaloblastic Anemias
1641
Bruce M. Camitta
Platelet Transfusions
1647
Chapter 464 Neutrophil (Granulocyte)

Transfusions
1648
xl
Contents
Chapter 465 Fresh Frozen Plasma

Transfusions
1649
Chapter 466
Section 8: The Spleen
James French and Bruce M. Camitta
Risks of BloodTransfusions
1650
Section 7: Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases

Robert R. Montgomery and J. Paul Scott
Chapter 467 Hemostasis

1651
467.1 Hemostatic Mechanism
1651
467.2 The Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation
1651
1653
Chapter 480 Anatomy and Function of the

Lymphatic System
1677
Chapter 481 Abnormalities of Lymphatic
Vessels
1677
Chapter 482
Lymphadenopathy
1677
Part XXI Cancer and Benign Tumors
1679
Chapter 483 Epidemiology of Childhood and

Adolescent Cancer
1679
James G. Gurney and Melissa L. Bondy
Chapter 485
1665
1666
Principles of Diagnosis
1684
Principles of Treatment
1688
Archie Bleyer
Chapter 486
Archie Bleyer
Chapter 487 The Leukemias
1668
Chapter 474 Acquired Inhibitors of

Coagulation
1668
Chapter 475 Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation (Consumptive Coagulopathy)
1677
Bruce M. Camitta
Laura L. Worth
Chapter 472 Postneonatal Vitamin K

Deficiency
1668
Liver Disease
Section 9: The Lymphatic System
Chapter 484 Molecular and Cellular Biology of

Cancer
1681
Chapter 470 Hereditary Predisposition to

Thrombosis
1664
Chapter 473
1675
Chapter 479 Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and

Splenectomy
1676
1662
Chapter 471 Acquired Thrombotic Disorders

471.1 Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Therapy
Chapter 477 Anatomy and Function of the

Spleen
1675
Chapter 478 Splenomegaly
Chapter 468 Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies

(Bleeding Disorders)
1657
468.1 Factor VIII or Factor IX Deficiency
(Hemophilia A or B)
1657
468.2 Factor XI Deficiency (HemophiliaC)
1660
468.3 Deficiencies of the Contact Factors
(Nonbleeding Disorders)
1660
468.4 Factor VII Deficiency
1661
468.5 Factor X Deficiency
1661
468.6 Prothrombin (Factor II) Deficiency
1661
468.7 Factor V Deficiency
1661
468.8 Combined Deficiency of Factors V and VIII 1661
468.9. Fibrinogen Deficiency
1661
468.10 Factor XIII Deficiency (Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor or
Transglutaminase Deficiency)
1661
468.11 Antiplasmin or Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor
(PAI) Deficiency
1662
Chapter 469 von Willebrand Disease
1675
1669
Chapter 476 Platelet and Blood Vessel

Disorders
1670
476.1 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
1670
476.2 Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia
1671
476.3 Nonimmune Platelet Destruction
1671
476.4 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS) 1671
476.5 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) 1672
476.6 Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome 1672
476.7 Sequestration
1672
476.8 Congenital Thrombocytopenic Syndromes 1672
476.9 Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
1672
476.10 Thrombocytopenia Due to Acquired Disorders
Causing Decreased Production
1673
476.11 Platelet Function Disorders 1673
476.12 Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
1673
476.13 Congenital Abnormalities of Platelet Function 1673
476.14 Disorders of the Blood Vessels 1674
1694
David G. Tubergen and Archie Bleyer

487.1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
1694
487.2 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
1696
487.3 Down Syndrome and Acute Leukemia and
Myeloproliferation
1697
487.4 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
1697
487.5 Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous
Leukemia
1698
487.6 Infant Leukemia
1698
Chapter 488
Lymphoma
1698
GeraldS. Gilchrist
488.1 Hodgkin Disease 1698

488.2 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
1701
Chapter 489 BrainTumors in Childhood
1702
John F. Kuttesch, Jr. and Joann L. Ater
Chapter 490
Neuroblastoma
1709
Joann L. Ater
Chapter 491
Neoplasms of the Kidney
1711
Norman Jaffe and Vicki Huff
Chapter 492 SoftTissue Sarcomas

Carola A. S. Arndt
1714
Contents
Chapter 493
CarolaA. S.Arndt
Chapter 507
Nephritis
49 3.1 Malignant Tumors of B one

1717
493.2 Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Processes of
Bone 1720
Chapter 508 Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic)

Glomerulonephritis
1745
Chapter 494
Neoplasms of Bone
Retinoblastoma
1717
Chapter 509 Goodpasture Disease
1722
Cynthia E. Herzog
Chapter 511 Upper Urinary Tract Causes of

Hematuria
1747
511.1 Interstitial Nephritis 1747
511.2 Toxic Nephropathy
1747
511.3 Cortical Necrosis 1747
511.4 Pyelonephritis
1747
511.5 Nephrocalcinosis 1747
511.6 Vascular Abnormalities 1747
511.7 Renal Vein Thrombosis 1747
511.8 Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
1748
Cynthia E. Herzog
Neoplasms of the Liver
1725
Cynthia E. Herzog
Chapter 497
Benign VascularTumors
1726
Cynthia E. Herzog
Chapter 498
Rare Tumors
1726
Cynthia E. Herzog
Chapter 499 Histiocytosis Syndromes of

Childhood
1727
Chapter 512 Hematologic Diseases Causing

Hematuria
1748
512.1 Sickle Cell Nephropathy
1748
512.2 Coagulopathies and
Thrombocytopenia
1749
Stephan Ladisch
Part XXII Nephrology
1745
Chapter 510 Hemolytic-Uremic

Syndrome
1746
Chapter 495 Gonadal and Germ Cell

Neoplasms
1723
Chapter 496
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
1744
1731
Chapter 513 AnatomicAbnormalitiesAssociated

with Hematuria
1749
513.1 Congenital Anomalies 1749
513.2 Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney
Disease 1749
513.3 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney
Disease 1750
513.4 Trauma
1750
513.5 Renal Tumors 1750
Section 1:Glomerular Disease 1731

Ira D. Davis and Ellis D. Avner
Chapter 500 Introduction to Glomerular

Diseases
1731
500.1 Anatomy of the Glomerulus
1731
500.2 Glomerular Filtration 1732
500.3 Glomerular Diseases 1734
Section 2: Conditions Particularly Associated with
Hematuria
1735
Ira D. Davis and Ellis D. Avner
Chapter 501 Clinical Evaluation of the Child with

Hematuria
1735
Chapter 502 Isolated Glomerular Diseases with
Recurrent Gross Hematuria
1737
502.1 IgA Nephropathy (BergerNephropathy)
1737
502.2 Alport Syndrome
1738
502.3 Thin Glomerular Basement Membrane
Disease 1739
Chapter 514 Lower Urinary Tract Causes of

Hematuria
1751
514.1 Infectious Causes of Cystitis and
Urethritis
1751
514.2 Hemorrhagic Cystitis 1751
514.3 Heavy Exercise 1751
514.4 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 1751
Section 3: Conditions Particularly Associated with
Proteinuria 1751
Beth A. Vogt and Ellis D. Avner
Chapter 515 Introduction to the Child with

Proteinuria
1751
Chapter 503 Glomerulonephritis Associated with

Infections
1740
503.1 Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
1740
503.2 Other Chronic Infections
1741
Chapter 516 Transient Proteinuria
Chapter 504 Membranous Glomerulopathy

(Glomerulonephritis)
1741
Chapter 518 Fixed Proteinuria

1752
518.1 Glomerular Proteinuria
1752
518.2 Tubular Proteinuria
1753
Chapter 505 Membranoproliferative

(Mesangiocapillary) Glomerulonephritis
1742
Chapter 506 Glomerulonephritis Associated with

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
1743
1752
Chapter 517 Orthostatic (Postural)

Proteinuria
1752
Chapter
519.1
519.2
519.3
519 Nephrotic Syndrome

1753
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome
1755
Secondary Nephrotic Syndrome 1757
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
1757
xli
Xlii
Contents
Section 4: Tubular Disorders 1758
Chapter 535 Voiding Dysfunction
Chapter 520 Tubular Function

1758
Katherine MacRae Dell and Ellis D. Avner
Chapter 536 Anomalies of the Penis and

Urethra 1812
Chapter 521
521.1
521.2
521.3
521.4
RenalTubularAcidosis
1758
Proximal (Type II) Renal Tubular Acidosis

1759
Distal (Type I) Renal Tubular Acidosis
1760
Hyperkalemic (Type IV) Renal Tubular
Acidosis
1761
Rickets Associated with Renal Tubular
Acidosis
1762
Russell W. Chesney
Chapter 522
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Chapter 537
Contents
1808
Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal

1817
Chapter 538 Trauma to the Genitourinary

Tract 1821
Chapter 539
Urinary Lithiasis
1822
Part XXIV Gynecologic Problems of

Childhood 1827
1762
Joseph S. Sanfilippo
Chapter 523 Bartter/Gitelman Syndromes and Other

InheritedTubularTransport Abnormalities
1763
523.1 Banter Syndrome
1763
523.2 Gitelman Syndrome
1764
523.3 Other Inherited Tubular Transport
Abnormalities
1764
Chapter 540 History and Physical

Examination 1827
Chapter 541 Vulvovaginitis
Chapter 524 Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
1764
1828
Chapter 542
Bleeding
1833
Chapter 543
Breast Disorders
1833
Chapter 544 Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovarian

Syndrome 1835
SectionS: Toxic NephropathiesRenal Failure 1766
Chapter 545
Chapter 525 Toxic Nephropathy
Chapter 546 Vulvovaginal and Mullerian

Anomalies 1839
1766
Chapter 526 Cortical Necrosis
1767
Beth A.
527.1
527.2
527.3
Renal Failure
Chapter 548 Special Gynecologic Needs

1767
Chapter 549 Gynecologic Imaging
Vogt and Ellis D. Avner

Acute Renal Failure
1767
Chronic Renal Failure
1771
End-Stage Renal Disease
1774
Chapter 528
RenalTransplantation
1843
1843
Part XXV The Endocrine System 1845

Section 1: Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Gland 1845
Part XXI11 Urologic Disorders in Infants and

Children
1783
Chapter 550 Hormones of the Hypothalamus and

Pituitary 1845
John S. Parks
Chapter 551
Hypopituitarism
1847
John S. Parks
Jack S. Elder
Chapter 529 Congenital Anomalies and Dysgenesis

of the Kidneys 1783
Urinary Tract Infections
Chapter 531 Vesicoureteral Reflux
1785
Chapter 533 Anomalies of the Bladder

Neuropathic Bladder
1804
1806
Chapter 552
Diabetes Insipidus
1853
David T. Breault and Joseph A. Majzoub

552.1 Causes of Hypernatremia
1854
Chapter 553 Other Abnormalities of Arginine

Vasopressin Metabolism and Action 1855
1790
Chapter 532 Obstructions of the Urinary Tract
Chapter 534
1842
1775
Rodrigo E. Urizar
Chapter 530
1837
Chapter 547 Athletic Gynecologic Problems
Chapter 527
Neoplasms
1794
David T. Breault and Joseph A. Majzoub
Chapter 554 Hyperpituitarism,Tall Stature, and

Overgrowth Syndromes 1857
Pinchas Cohen
Contents
Chapter 555
Physiology of Puberty
1862
Luigi Garibaldi
Section 4: Disorders of the Adrenal Glands 1898

Lenore S. Levine and Perrin C. White
Chapter 556 Disorders of Pubertal

Development
1863
Luigi Garibaldi
556.1 Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious

Puberty
1863
556.2 Precocious Puberty Resulting from Organic Brain
Lesions 1865
556.3 Precocious Puberty Following Irradiation of the
Brain 1866
556.4 Syndrome of Precocious Puberty and
Hypothyroidism
1866
556.5 Gonadotropin-Secreting Tumors 1867
556.6 McCune-Albright Syndrome (Precocious Puberty
with Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia and Abnormal
Pigmentation)
1867
556.7 Familial Male Gonadotropin-Independent
Precocious Puberty
1868
556.8 Incomplete (Partial) Precocious
Development
1868
556.9 Medicational Precocity 1869
Section 2: Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
1870
Stephen LaFranchi
Chapter 557 Thyroid Development and

Physiology
1870
557.1 Thyroid Hormone Studies 1871
Chapter 568 The Physiology of the Adrenal

Gland
1898
568.1 Histology and Embryology
1898
568.2 Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis
1899
568.3 Regulation of the Adrenal Cortex 1900
568.4 Adrenal Steroid Hormone Actions 1901
568.5 Adrenal Medulla
1904
Chapter 569 Adrenocortical Insufficiency
1904
569.1 Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
1904
569.2 Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency
1908
Chapter 570 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and
Related Disorders
1909
570.1 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to
21 -Hydroxylase Deficiency
1909
11 P-Hydroxylase Deficiency
1913
570.3 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 3(3Hydroxysteriod Dehydrogenase Deficiency 1913
17-Hydroxylase Deficiency
1914
570.5 Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia
1914
570.6 Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency
1915
570.7 Glucocorticoid-Suppressible
Hyperaldosteronism
1915
Chapter 571 Cushing Syndrome
1916
Chapter 558
Globulin
Defects of Thyroxine-Binding
1872
Chapter 572
Chapter 559
Hypothyroidism
Chapter 573 AdrenalTumors

1918
573.1 Virilizing Adrenocortical Tumors 1918
Chapter 560 Thyroiditis

Chapter
561.1
561.2
561.3
561.4
xliii
1872
1879
561 Goiter
1881
Congenital Goiter
1881
Endemic Goiter and Cretinism
Sporadic Goiter 1883
Intratracheal Goiter 1883
Primary Aldosteronism
573.2 Feminizing Adrenal Tumors

Chapter 574
1882
Chapter 562 Hyperthyroidism

1884
562.1 Graves Disease 1884
562.2 Congenital Hyperthyroidism
1886
1918
1919
Pheochromocytoma
1919
Chapter 575 Adrenal Masses

1920
575.1 Adrenal Incidentaloma
1920
575.2 Adrenal Calcification
1921
Section 5: Disorders of the Gonads 1921
Robert Rapaport
Chapter 576 Development and Function of the

Gonads
1921
Chapter 563 Carcinoma of the

Thyroid
1887 '
563.1 Solitary Thyroid Nodule 1888
563.2 Medullary Carcinoma
1889
Section 3: Disorders of the Parathyroid 1890
Daniel A. Doyle and Angelo M. DiGeorge
Chapter 577 Hypofunction of theTestes

1924
577.1 Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male
(Primary Hypogonadism)
1924
5 77.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male
(Secondary Hypogonadism)
1927
Chapter 564 Hormones and Peptides of

Calcium Homeostasis and Bone
Metabolism
1890
Chapter 578 Pseudoprecocity Resulting from

Tumors of theTestes
1930
Chapter 565
Chapter 580 Hypofunction of the Ovaries

1931
580.1 Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female
(Primary Hypogonadism)
1931
,
580.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female
(Secondary Hypogonadism)
1935
Hypoparathyroidism
1892
Chapter 566 Pseudohypoparathyroidism

(Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy)
1894
Chapter 567
Hyperparathyroidism
1895
Chapter 579 Gynecomastia
1930
xliv
Contents
Chapter 581 Pseudoprecocity Due to Lesions of the

Ovary
1937
Chapter 582 Intersex
1939
582.1 46,XX Intersex (46,XX with Virilization)
1940
582.2 46,XYIntersex (46,XY with Undervirilization) 1940
582.3 True Gonadal Intersex
1945
Section 6: Diabetes Mellitus in Children
1947
Ramin Alemzadeh and David T. Wyatt
Chapter 583 Diabetes Mellitus

1947
583.1 Introduction and Classification
1947
583.2 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Immune
Mediated)
1948
583.3 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
1967
583.4 Other Specific Types of Diabetes 1968
Part XXVI
The Nervous System
Chapter 584
Neurologic Evaluation
1973
1973
Chapter 585 Congenital Anomalies of the Central

Nervous System
1983
Michael V. Johnston and Stephen Kinsman
585.1 Neural Tube Defects (Dysraphism)
1983
585.2 Spina Bifida Occulta
1983
585.3 Meningocele
1983
585.4 Myelomeningocele
1984
585.5 Encephalocele
1985
585.6 Anencephaly
1986
585.7 Disorders of Neuronal Migration
1986
585.8 Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
1987
585.9 Agenesis of the Cranial Nerves 1988
585.10 Microcephaly
1988
585.11 Hydrocephalus
1989
585.12 Craniosynostosis
1992
Chapter 586 Seizures in Childhood
1993
Michael V. Johnston
586.1 Febrile Seizures 1994
586.2 Unprovoked Seizures 1994
586.3 Partial Seizures 1995
586.4 Generalized Seizures 1997
586.5 Mechanisms of Seizures 1999
586.6 Treatment of Epilepsy 1999
586.7 Neonatal Seizures 2005
586.8 Status Epilepticus 2007
Conditions that Mimic Seizures
2025
Chapter 592 Neurodegenerative Disorders of

Childhood
2029
Michael V. Johnston
592.1 Sphingolipidoses 2029
592.2 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses
2032
592.3 Adrenoleukodystrophy 2032
592.4 Sialidosis 2033
592.5 Miscellaneous Disorders 2033
Chapter 593 Acute Stroke Syndromes
2035
Michael V. Johnston
593.1 Arterial Thrombosis/Embolism 2035
593.2 Venous Thrombosis 2036
593.3 Intracranial Hemorrhage 2036
593.4 Differential Diagnosis of Strokelike
Events 2037
Chapter 594 Central Nervous System
Infections
2038
Charles G. Prober
594.1 Acute Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the Neonatal

Period 2038
594.2 Viral Meningoencephalitis 2044
594.3 Eosinophilic Meningitis 2046
Brain Abscess
2047
Robert H. A. Haslam
Chapter 596
Pseudotumor Cerebri
2048
Robert H. A. Haslam
2009
2015
Chapter 589 Neurocutaneous Syndromes

Robert H. A. Haslam
589.1 Neurofibromatosis
2015
589.2 Tuberous Sclerosis 2017
Chapter 590 Movement Disorders

2019
Michael V. Johnston
590.1 Ataxias 2019
590.2 Chorea, Athetosis, Tremor 2020
590.3 Dystonia 2022
590.4 Tics 2023
Chapter 595
Michael V. Johnston
Chapter 588 Headaches

2012
Robert H. A. Haslam
588.1 Migraine 2012
588.2 Organic Headaches 2014
588.3 Tension or Stress Headaches
Sturge-Weber Disease 2017

von Hippel-Lindau Disease 2019
Linear Nevus Syndrome 2019
PHACE Syndrome 2019
Chapter 591 Encephalopathies

2023
Michael V. Johnston
591.1 Cerebral Palsy 2024
591.2 MitochondrialEncephalomyopathies
591.3 Other Encephalopathies 2027
Robert H. A. Haslam
Chapter 587
589.3
589.4
589.5
589.6
2015
Chapter 597 Spinal Cord Disorders

2049
Robert H. A. Haslam
597.1 Spinal Cord Tumors 2049
597.2 Spinal Cord Trauma 2050
597.3 Tethered Cord 2050
597.4 Diastematomyelia
2051
597.5 Syringomyelia 2051
597.6 Transverse Myelitis 2051
597.7 Arteriovenous Malformation
2052
Part XXVII
Neuromuscular Disorders
2053
Harvey B. Sarnat
Chapter 598
Evaluation and Investigation
2053
Contents
Chapter 599 Developmental Disorders of

Muscle
2055
599.1 Myotubular Myopathy 2056
599.2 Congenital Muscle Fiber-Type Disproportion
(CMFTD) 2057
599.3 Nemaline Rod Myopathy 2058
599.4 Central Core Disease 2059
599.5 Brain Malformations and Muscle
Development 2059
599.6 Amyoplasia 2059
599.7 Muscular Dysgenesis (Proteus Syndrome
Myopathy) 2059
599.8 Benign Congenital Hypotonia 2059
599.9 Arthrogryposis 2059
Chapter 600 Muscular Dystrophies
2060
600.1 Duchenne and Becker Muscular
Dystrophies -2060
600.2 Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy 2064
600.3 Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy 2064
600.4 Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2066
600.5 Facioscapulohumeral Muscular
Dystrophy 2067
600.6 Congenital Muscular Dystrophy 2067
Chapter 601
Endocrine Myopathies
2069
PartXXVIII Disorders of the Eye
2083
Scott E. Olitsky and Leonard B. Nelson
Chapter 609 Growth and Development

Chapter 610 Examination of the Eye
2083
2084
Chapter 611 Abnormalities of Refraction and

Accommodation
2086
Chapter 612 Disorders of Vision
2087
Chapter 613 Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris
Chapter 615 Abnormalities of the Lids
2097
Chapter 616 Disorders of the Lacrimal

System
2099
Chapter 617 Disorders of the Conjunctiva
2099
Chapter 618 Abnormalities of the Cornea

Chapter 619 Abnormalities of the Lens
2103
2105
Chapter 620 Disorders of the UvealTract
Chapter 603 Disorders of Neuromuscular

Transmission and of Motor Neurons 2072
603.1 Myasthenia Gravis 2072
603.2 Spinal Muscular Atrophies 2075
603.3 Other Motor Neuron Diseases 2076
Chapter 623 Childhood Glaucoma
2122
Chapter 624 Orbital Abnormalities
2123
Chapter 605 Toxic Neuropathies
606.2 Other Autonomic Neuropathies

Chapter 607 Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Chapter 608 Bell Palsy
2081
Chapter 621
Vitreous
2111
Disorders of the Retina and

2113
Chapter 622 Abnormalities of the Optic

Nerve 2119
Chapter 625 Injuries to the Eye
Part XXIX The Ear
2124
2127
Chapter 626 Clinical Manifestations
2127
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Chapter 627 Hearing Loss
2129
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Chapter 628 Congenital Malformations
2135
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Chapter 629 Diseases of the External Ear
2136
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Chapter 630 Otitis Media
2138
Jack L. Paradise
2078
Chapter 606 Autonomic Neuropathies

606.1 Familial Dysautonomia 2079
2089
Chapter 614 Disorders of Eye Movement and

Alignment
2092
Chapter 602 Metabolic Myopathies 2070

602.1 Periodic Paralyses (Potassium-Related)
2070
602.2 Malignant Hyperthermia -2070
602.3 Glycogenoses 2070
602.4 Mitochondrial Myopathies 2071
602.5 Lipid Myopathies 2072
602.6 Vitamin E Deficiency Myopathy 2072
Chapter 604 Hereditary Motor-Sensory

Neuropathies
2076
604.1 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth
Disease; HMSN Type I) 2076
604.2 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy
(Axonal Type) 2077
604.3 Dejerine-Sottas Disease (HMSN Type III) 2077
604.4 Roussy-Levy Syndrome 2077
604.5 Refsum Disease 2077
604.6 Fabry Disease 2077
604.7 Giant Axonal Neuropathy 2078
604.8 Congenital Hypomyelinating
Neuropathy 2078
604.9 Tomaculous Neuropathy 2078
604.10 Leukodystrophies 2078
xlv
2079
2079
2080
Chapter 631 The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony

Labyrinth
2149
i
Joseph Haddad Jr.
\
Chapter 632 Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and
Temporal Bone 2150
Joseph Haddad Jr.
xlvi
Contents
Chapter 633 Tumors of the Ear andTemporal

Bone 2151
Part XXXI Bone and Joint Disorders
Joseph Haddad Jr.
Section 1: Orthopedic Problems 2251

Chapter 662 Growth and Development
The Skin
2153
Chapter 663 Evaluation of the Child

George H. Thompson
Chapter 634 Morphology of the Skin
2153
Chapter 635 Evaluation of the Patient
Chapter 664 The Foot and Toes
2154
Cutaneous Manifestations of Systemic

Diseases
2155
Chapter 636 Principles of Therapy
2159
Chapter 637 Diseases of the Neonate

Chapter 638 Cutaneous Defects
2161
2164
Chapter 639 Ectodermal Dysplasias

Chapter 640 Vascular Disorders
Chapter 641 Cutaneous Nevi
2166
2167
2172
Chapter 642 Hyperpigmented Lesions
2176
Chapter 643 Hypopigmented Lesions
2178
Chapter 644 Vesiculobullous Disorders

Chapter 645 Eczematous Disorders
Chapter 646 Photosensitivity
2181
2188
2191
Chapter 647 Diseases of the Epidermis
2195
Chapter 648 Disorders of Keratinization

Chapter 649
Diseases of the Dermis
2200
2204
Disorders of Hair
Chapter 653
Disorders of the Nails
2215
2219
Chapter 668 The Hip
Chapter 656 Cutaneous Fungal Infections

Cutaneous Viral Infections
2230
2235
Chapter 658 Arthropod Bites and

Infestations
2237
Chapter 661
George H. Thompson
665.1 Normal Developmental Alignment
2261
665.2 Internal Femoral Torsion
2262
665.3 Internal Tibial Torsion
2263
665.4 External Femoral Torsion
2263
665.5 External Tibial Torsion
2264
665.6 Genu Varum (Bowlegs)
2264
665.7 Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees)
2266
665.8 Congenital Angular Deformities of the Tibia and
Fibula
2269
2270
2271
George H. Thompson
667.1 Discoid Lateral Meniscus
2272
667.2 Popliteal Cyst
2272
667.3 Osteochondritis Dissecans
2272
667.4 Osgood-Schlatter Disease
2272
667.5 Idiopathic Adolescent Anterior Knee Pain
Syndrome
2272
667.6 Patella Subluxation and Dislocation
2273
Chapter 655 Cutaneous Bacterial

Infections
2222
2273
George H. Thompson
668.1 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
2273
668.2 Transient Monoarticular Synovitis
2276
668.3 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
2276
668.4 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
2278
i
Chapter 669 The Spine
2242
Chapter 660 Tumors of the Skin
2257
Chapter 665 Torsional and Angular

Deformities 2261
Chapter 667 The Knee
Chapter 654 Disorders of the Mucous

Membranes
2220
Chapter 659 Acne
2254
George H. Thompson
Chapter 651 Disorders of the Sweat

Glands 2213
Chapter 652
2251
George H. Thompson
664.1 Metatarsus Adductus
2255
664.2 Calcaneovalgus Feet
2255
664.3 Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
2256
664.4 Congenital Vertical Talus
2256
664.5 Hypermobile Pes Planus (Flexible Flatfeet)
664.6 Tarsal Coalition
2257
664.7 CavusFeet
2257
664.8 Osteochondroses
2257
664.9 Puncture Wounds of the Foot
2258
664.10 Toe Deformities
2258
664.11 Painful Foot
2260
664.12 Shoes
2260
Chapter 666 Leg-Length Discrepancy
Chapter 650 Diseases of Subcutaneous

Tissue 2210
Chapter 657
2251
George H. Thompson
Gary L. Darmstadt and Robert Sidbury
635.1
2251
2246
Nutritional Dermatoses
2248
2280
George H. Thompson
i
669.1 Idiopathic Scoliosis
2280
669.2 Congenital Scoliosis

2282
669.3 Neuromuscular Scoliosis, Genetic Syndromes, and
Compensatory Scoliosis
2283
xlvii
Contents
669.4
669.5
669.6
669.7
669.8
669.9
Kyphosis (Round-Back) 2284

Back Pain in Children 2285
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis 2285
Disk Space Infection
2286
Intervertebral Disk Herniation 2287
Tumors 2287
Chapter 670 The Neck
2289
2289
Chapter 672 Arthrogryposis
2314
Chapter 679 Female Athletes: Menstrual Problems

and the Risk for Osteopenia
2315
2316
Section 3: The Skeletal Dysplasias 2320

Chapter 682
General Considerations
2320
William A. Horton and Jacqueline T. Hecht
Chapter 683 Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix

Proteins
2324
Chapter 684 Disorders InvolvingTransmembrane

Receptors
2328
2292
2292
George H. Thompson
Chapter 685 Disorders Involving lonTransporter
2330
Chapter 686 Disorders InvolvingTranscription

Factors
2332
2292
Chapter 673 Common Fractures
2294
George H. Thompson
673.1
673.2
673.3
672.4
673.5
673.6
673.7
673.8
673.9
673.10
673.11
Chapter 678 Heat Injuries
2313
Chapter 681 Specific Sports and Associated

Injuries
2316
Chapter 671 The Upper Limb

2290
George H. Thompson
671.1 Sprengel Deformity
2290
671.2 Shoulder Dislocation 2290
671.3 Nursemaid's Elbow 2290
671.4 Panner Disease 2291
671.5 Ganglion 2291
671.6 Radial Clubhand 2291
671.7 Polydactyly 2292
671.8 Syndactyly' 2292
671.9 Congenital Trigger Thumb and Finger
672.1 Amyoplasia
Head and Neck Injuries
Chapter 680 ErgogenicAids
2288
George H. Thompson
670.1 Torticollis 2288
670.2 Klippel-Feil Syndrome
670.3 Atlantoaxial Instability
Chapter 677
Pediatric Fracture Patterns 2294

Clavicular Fractures 2295
Proximal Humerus Fractures 2295
Distal Humerus Fractures 2295
Distal Radius and Ulna Fractures 2296
Phalangeal Fractures 2296
Toddler Fracture 2296
Lateral Malleolar Fractures 2296
Metatarsal Fractures 2296
Toe Phalangeal Fractures 2296
Operative Treatment 2297
Chapter 687 Disorders Involving Defective Bone

Resorption
2333
Chapter 688 Disorders for Which Defects Are Poorly

Understood or Unknown
2334
Chapter 689 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
2336
John C. Marini
Chapter 690 Marfan Syndrome
2338
Luther K. Robinson
Chapter 674 Osteomyelitis and Suppurative

Arthritis
2297
Richard M. Lampe
Section 2: Sports Medicine
Section 4: Metabolic Bone Disease
2341
Russell W. Chesney
2302
Albert C. Hergenroed'er and Joseph N. Chorley
Chapter 691 Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal

Regulation
2341
Chapter 675 Epidemiology and

Prevention of Injuries
2302
Chapter 692 Primary Chondrodystrophy

(Metaphyseal Dysplasia)
2343
Chapter 676 Management of Musculoskeletal

Injury
2306
676.1 Growth Plate Injuries
2307
676.2 Shoulder Injuries
2308
676.3 Elbow Injuries
2308
676.4 Back Injuries 2309
676.5 Hip and Pelvis Injuries 2310
676.6 Knee Injuries 2310
676.7 Shin Splints and Stress Fractures of the
Lower Leg 2312
676.8 Ankle Injuries 2312
676.9 Foot Injuries
2313
Chapter 693
Idiopathic Hypercalcemia
Chapter 694
Hypophosphatasia
Chapter 695
Hyperphosphatasia
2343
2344
2344
Chapter 696 Familial Hypophosphatemia

(Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets, X-Linked
Hypophosphatemia)
2345
Chapter 697 Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets
(Pseudovitamin D Deficiency, Hypocalcemic
Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets)
2346
*
[
\
xlviii
Contents
Chapter 698 Oncogenous Rickets (Primary

Hypophosphatemic Rickets Associated with
Tumor)
2346
Chapter 699 Osteoporosis
2347
Chapter 705 Nonbacterial Food Poisoning

DeniseA. Salerno and Stephen C. Aronoff
705.1 Mushroom Poisoning 2375
705.2 Solanine Poisoning 2376
705.3 Seafood Poisoning 2377
Chapter 706
2375
Biologic and ChemicalTerrorism
2378
Theodore J. Cieslak and Fred M. Henretig
Part XXXII Environmental Health

Hazards
2349
Chapter 700
Pediatric Radiation Injuries
Chapter 707 Animal and Human Bites
2385
Charles M. Ginsburg
Chapter 708 Envenomations

2349
2387
Steve Holve
Fred A. Mettler, Jr. and Madelyn M. Stazzone
Chapter 701 Chemical Pollutants
2353
Philip J. Landrigan and Joel A. Forman
Chapter 702
Heavy Metal Intoxication
Laboratory Medicine, Drug

Therapy, and Reference
Tables
2393
2355
Collin S. Goto
Chapter 703
Lead Poisoning
2358
Morri Markowitz
Chapter 704 Poisonings: Drugs, Chemicals, and

Plants
2362
George C. Rodgers, Jr. and Nancy J. Matyunas
704.1 Epidemiology and Approach to
Management 2362
704.2 Acetaminophen 2366
704.3 Salicylates 2367
704.4 Ibuprofen
2368
704.5 Antidepressants 2368
704.6 Clonidine 2369
704.7 Calcium Channel Blockers 2370
704.8 Iron 2370
704.9 Caustics 2371
704.10 Methanol and Ethylene Glycol 2371
704.11 Hydrocarbons 2372
704.12 Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Insecticides 2373
704.13 Toxic Gases 2374
704.14 Plants 2374
Chapter 709
Children
Laboratory Testing in Infants and

2393
John F. Nicholson and Michael A. Pesce
Chapter 710 Reference Ranges for Laboratory Tests

and Procedures
2396
John F. Nicholson and Michael A. Pesce
Chapter 711
Principles of DrugTherapy
Michael D. Reed and Peter Gal
Chapter 712
Medications
2432
Peter Gal and Michael D. Reed
Chapter 713
Herbal Medicines
Kathi J. Kemper and Paula Gardiner
Index
2507
2502
2427

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Nelson T E X T B O O K OF

Part I The Field of Pediatrics

Chapter 18 Psychiatric Considerations of Central

Chapter 1 Overview of Pediatrics

Jorge H. Daruna, Marc A. Forman, and Neil W. Boris

Chapter 19 Psychosomatic Illness

Chapter 2 Ethics in Pediatric Care

Chapter 20 Vegetative Disorders

Robert M. Nelson and Norman Fast

Chapter 3 Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care

4 Child Health in the Developing World

Neil W. Boris and Richard Dalton

Part II Growth and Development

Chapter 22 Anxiety Disorders

Chapter 23 Mood Disorders

Chapter 7 Overview and Assessment of

Chapter 10 The First Year

Neil W. Boris and Richard Dalton

Chapter 25 Disruptive Behavioral Disorders

Chapter 16 Developmental Assessment

Part-Ill Psychologic Disorders

Chapter 15 Assessment of Growth

Neil W. Boris and Richard Dalton

Chapter 13 Middle Childhood

Neil W. Boris, Richard Dalton, and Marc A. Forman

Chapter 24 Suicide and Attempted Suicide

Brian Stafford, Neil W. Boris, and Richard Dalton

Chapter 17 Assessment and Interviewing

Chapter 5 Preventive Pediatrics

Kristine Torjesen and Karen Olness

Chapter 6 The Well Child

Alessandra N. Kazura, Neil W. Boris, and Richard Dalton

The Clinical Interview (History)

Gender Identity Disorder

Chapter 27 Pervasive Developmental Disorders and

Chapter 28 Psychologic Treatment of Children and

Illness and Death 95

Chapter 40 Nutritional Requirements

Chapter 29 Neurodevelopmental Dysfunction in the

Part IV Social Issues

Chapter 44 Vitamin Deficiencies and Excesses

Mark D. Simms andMadelyn Freundlich

Chapter 32 Child Care

. Part VII Pathophysiology of Body Fluids and

Chapter 33 Separation, Loss, and

Chapter 34 Impact of Violence on Children

Marilyn Augustyn and Barry Zuckerman

Chapter 46 Maintenance and Replacement

Part V Children with Special Health

Chapter 45 Electrolyte and Acid-Base

Chapter 48 Fluids and Electrolyte Treatment of

37.1 Chronic Illness in Childhood 135

Chapter 39 Children at Special Risk

PartVili The Acutely III Child

Chapter 49 Evaluation of the Sick Child in the Office

Chapter 50 Injury Control

Frederick P. Rivara and David Grossman

Chapter 52 Pediatric Critical Care:

Chapter 66 Pediatric Pain Management

Brenda Bursch and Lonnie K. Zeltzer

Chapter 53 InterfacilityTransfer of the Critically III

Chapter 54 Effective Communication with Families

Chapter 55 MonitoringTechniques for the Critically

Joseph V. DiCarlo and Lorry R. Frankel