FUNGSI:

Mempermudah perhitungan yang kompleks

DEFINISI:
Matriks adalah suatu kumpulan angka-angka
yang disusun menurut baris dan kolom atau lajur
sehingga
gg berbentuk segiempat
g
p
panjang
p
j g dimana
panjang dan lebarnya ditunjukan oleh banyaknya
kolom dari baris.
Angka-angka tadi disebut elemen-elemen. Apabila
suatu matriks A terdiri m baris dan n kolom, maka
matriks
ik bisa
bi ditulis
di li :

A mxn

a11 a12 ....... an

a

a
.......
a
22
2n
21

am1 am 2 .........amn

a11 a12
B3x2

a 21 a 22
a31 a32

C3x2

A2x3

a11 a12 a13

a 21 a 22 a 23

3 5
4 2

6 7

m=2
n =3

VEKTOR

k1
nx1

k2
M
M
kn

[V1, V2,..V
Vm ]
1xm

MATRIKS YANG KHAS

M t ik Segi
Matriks
S i (bujur
(b j sangkar):
k )

Matriks Setangkup (simetris):

Matriks Diagonal :

1 10 2
4 0 1

3 4 6
1
4

4
3
10

5
10
4

1 0 0 0
0 3 0 0
0 0 5 0
0 0 0 4

Matriks Skalar :

3
0
0
0

0
3
0
0

0
0
3
0

0
0
0
3

1 0 0 0

Matriks identitas :

Matriks Tanda

Matriks Miring Setangkup

0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
+1 0 0
0 1 0

0
0 + 1

3 6

2 0 0 0
4 1 0 0
6 3 4 0

Matriks Segitiga Atas

5 2 5 6

2 3 7
0 1 2

0 0 4

Matriks Segitiga Bawah

Matriks Tegak

3
4
A4 x 3
5

4
6
8
10

5
9
3

4
3
B4 x 2
6

2
0
5

Matriks Datar

Matriks Nol

Matriks Satu Nol

2 0 0 0
4 1 0 0

0 0 0
0 0 0

0 0 0

0
0
A4 x 3
1

1 1
0 0
0 1

0 0

1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1

Matriks I

1 2 4 7
3 6 1 5

7 5 2 3

Matriks Sekatan

Setelah disekat matriks A dapat ditulis

1 2 4
3 6 1

7
5

[7

5 2 3]

KESAMAAN DUA BUAH MATRIKS

1

x 2 y
2 10
1 4 = 1 4

x + 2 5
5 y = 1

Tuliskan dalam bentuk matriks persamaan berikut :

3x1 + 2x2 + 6x3 = 14

2x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 = 18
4x1 3x2 + 5x3 = 20

PENJUMLAHAN

2 3 1 3 a b
3 4 + 2 1 = c d

2 2 3
3 4 + 8 = tidak terdefinisi

PENGURANGAN

3 1 1 3 a
3 4 2 2 = c

PERKALIAN
a
k
c
2
3
1

b ka kb
=

d kc kd
6 6 18
=

3 3 9

1 2
A

4
3

1 2
B

3
4

1 2 1
AB =
3
4
3

1(1) + 2(3)
=
4(1) + 3(3)

2
4
1(2) + 2(4) 7 10
=

4(2) + 3(4) 13 20

2 1 1
A1 3 4
4 0 5

1 2 0
B1 3 3
2 2 5

A X B = AB

2 1 1 1 2 0 5 9 8
AB 1 3 4 1 3 3 = 12 19 29
4 0 5 2 2 5 14 18 25

TRANPOSE
a11 a12 a13
A3 x 3 a21 a22 a23 A'3 x 3
a31 a32 a33
1 2 3
B2 x 3
B'3 x 2

4 0 5

a11
a
12
a13

a21
a22
a23

1 4
B '3x 2 2 0
3 5

a31
a32
a33

TERAS (TRACE) MATRIKS

2 1 1
A 1 3 5 t r A = 2 + 3 + 3 = 8
4 0 3

MATRIKS SEKATAN ((PARTISI MATRIKS)

a11 a12 a13 a14
A12

A11
a 21 a 22 a 23 a 24

A
=

a31 a32 a33 a34

A22

A21
a 41 a 42 a 43 a 44
a13 a14
a11 a12
A11
A12

a
a
a
a
22
24
21
23
a33 a34
a31 a32
A21
A22

a
a
a
a
44
42
41
43
A11 , A12 , A21 , A22 disebut Submatriks
A11
A
A21

A12
= Matriks Seka tan
A22

DETERMINAN
Determinan hanya
y menyangkut
y g
matriks bujur
j
sangkar yang berukuran/berorde nxn.
Determinan sebuah matriks bujur sangkar A
ditulis dengan symbol |A| atau detA.
detA
| Definisi :
|

A2 x2

a b
c d

A = ad bc

3 2
A = 3 x5 2 x 4 = 7
A

4 5

DETERMINAN 3 X 3
1 4 7
A 8 2 5

6 9 3
1.2.3 + 8.9.7 + 6.5.4
6
504 120

- 7.2.6 - 5.9.1 3.8.4

-84 - 45
- 96

630

-225

A = 630 225 = 405

a11

a12

A = a 21

a 22

a 23 = a1i a 2 j a3k

a31

a32

a33
4 2 1
4 2 1
2 0 5 2 0 5

3 1 4
3 1 4

1 4 7
A8 2 5
6 9 3
+ 1 4

+8
+ 6

1 4 7

5
3

8 2 5

2
9

a13

1.2.3 + 8.9.7 + 6.5.4

6
504 120
630
A = A = 630 225 = 405

4
2
3
4
2

6 9 3
- 7.2.6 - 5.9.1 3.8.4
-84 - 45
- 96
-225

2
0
1
2
0

1
5
4
1
5

A = 4(0)(4) + 2(1)(1) + 3(2)(5) 1(0)(3) 5(1)(4) 4(2)(2)

= 0
= 4

2 + 30 0 20 16

INVERS
Matrik 2 x 2

1
1 d b
A = adj
d A=
A
ad bc c a
1

A = determinan = ad bc
d b
adj A =

c
a

INVERS

1.

2.

1
1 d b
A = adj
dj A =
A
ad bc c a
1

8 5
A = 8x2 5x3 = 1
A

3 2
1 2 5 2 5
-1
A =
=

1 3 8 3 8
4 2
B
B = 4( 3) ( 2)(5) = 2

/ 2 1
3
2

-1
B =
= 5

2 5 4 / 2 2

INVERS 3 X 3
c11

c12

c13

C = c21

c22

c23

c31

c32

c33

1
C = adj C
C
1

K ijj = ((-1))i+j M ij

K11 K12 K13

K = K 21 K 22 K 23

K 31 K 32 K 33

C = C11 K11 + C12 K12 + C13 K13

adj
d C = K'

KOFAKTOR

1 1 1
C =22 0 2
3
2 2 1

K11 K12 K13

K = K 21 K 22 K 23

K 31 K 32 K 33
K ij = (-1)i+j M ij

0 2
K11 = (1)1+1 M11 = (1)2
= 1x(0 (4) = 4
2
1

2 2
K12 = (1)1+2 M12 = (1)3
= 1x(2 4) = 2
2
1

2 0
K13 = (1) M13 = (1)
= 1x(4 0 ) = 4
2
2

1 1
K21 = (1)2+1 M 21 = (1)3
= 1x(1+ 2) = 3

2
1

1+3

1 1
K22 = (1)2+2 M 22 = (1)4
= 1x(1 2) = 1
2
1

1 1 1
C = 2 0 2

2 2 1

K11 K12 K13

K = K 21 K 22 K 23

K 31 K 32 K 33
i+j

Kij = (-1)

Cij

1
1
K 23 = (1) M 23 = (1)
= 1x(2 2) = 0

2 2
1 1
K 31 = (1) 3+1 M 31 = (1) 4
= 1x(2 0) = 2

0 2
2+3

1
K 32 = (1) 3+ 2 M 32 = (1) 5
2
3+ 3
6 1
K 33 = (1) M 33 = (1)
2

1
= 1x(2 2) = 0

2
1
= 1x(0 2) = 2
0

4 2 4
K = 3 1 4 adj C = K '

2 0 2
4 3 2
adj C = K ' = 2 1 0

4 4 2
C = 1( 4) + 1( 2) + 1( 4) = 2
1

2
1
/2 1
4 3 3

1
1
1

C = 2 1 0 = 1 / 2 0

2
4 4 2 2 2 1

1 1 1
C = 2 0 2

2 2 1

PERSAMAAN LINIER

ax1 + bx2 = p
ax1 + bx2 = q
A

a b x1 p
c d x = q

X = A-1 Y

22x1 + 3x
3 2= 7
x1 - x2 = 1
2 3 x1 7
1 1 x = 1

2
X = A-1 Y

A 1 =

1
2(1) 1(3)

1 3
1 1 3
=
1 2 5 1 2

1
5
1
A =
1
5

3
5

5
3
1

x1 5
5
7
=
1
2
x 2 1

5
5
7 3
1
3
x1 = (7) + (1) = +
5
5
5 5
10
x1 =
=2
5
1
7 2
2
x 2 = (7) + (1) =
5
5 5
5
5
x2 = = 1
5
x1 2
= Gugus Jawab {(2,1)}
x 2 1

2 3
1 1

CONTOH PENGGUNAAN MATRIKS DALAM

PETERNAKAN