The first theory begins with Ludwig Wittgenstein. Wittgenstein advocated the
idealist, postmodernist view of truth. That quite simply, truth does not exist. Or at least in
the same way that most people think of it. This is quite a secular view no doubt. But the
question is if it still has any validity. I can view Wittgensteins view on truth as rational.
But not necessarily logical. Wittgenstein assumes that man cannot understand truth,
that truth is unattainable, and therefore by that logic does not exist in a way human
beings can rationalize it. (Web, Stanford: Ludwig Wittgenstein). While this does make
sense in some ways, it is completely illogical as Wittgenstein contradicts himself in this
statement. He presents this as fact. But if his theory is presented as fact and is
accepted as truth, then he has disproven his own theory. In a sense, Wittgenstein bases
his thoughts on something that he is trying to regard as false. And falsity is the opposite
of truth. Which does not seem to correspond with his theory. In a biblical context, this
theory rather blasphemes the deity of Christ. Jesus says I am the way, the truth, and
the life. Wittgenstein directly goes against Christs teachings. And if Christs teachings
are believed to be the ultimate truth, then obviously Wittgenstein has presented a false
case.
Bertrand Russells and Ayn Rands theories work relatively in tandem with one another.
Examining them as one cohesive theory provides for a strong counterargument against
the likes of Wittgenstein. Russells three conditions that he outlines in his book are
important to demonstrating the existence of truth, and prove its validity. As Russell
noted, truth must allow for an equal opposite: falsehood. This is the most logical thinking
about truth. Truth can only exist if falsehood exists also. (Book, Truth and Falsehood)
Otherwise truth does not have any meaning. Beliefs are essential to the existence of
truth. Russell insisted upon the idea that belief was separated from truth. Except that in
the absence of beliefs, truth is called fact. Truth is based on our external observation of
the world around us with our senses. And coming to a personal conclusion about that
world. Truth to one person is not the same to another. But the fact of something existing
or being true does not change. Which brings the argument to the third condition. That
the truth or falsehood of a belief depends on something outside of that belief. Ayn Rand
was exceptionally known for her advocacy of this idea in her own philosophy called
Objectivism.
Bibliography
"Bertrand Russell." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2015.
Biletzki, Anat. "Ludwig Wittgenstein." Stanford University. Stanford University, 08 Nov.
2002. Web. 24 Apr. 2015.
"Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. N.p., n.d.
Web. 24 Apr. 2015.
"Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. N.p., n.d.
Web. 24 Apr. 2015.