136
140.080
22.9
12.2
9.050
0.74
14.1
Knot
Cbwl = 0.762
m
m
m
m
Lwl x B x T x Cb x
22680.520 ton
0.5
1 knot =
0.51444
m/s
= 0.000000849
Rn = (VsxLwl)/
= 1196365106
5 Mencari Cf
Koefisien Friction Resistance didapat dari persamaan :
Cf = 0.075/(logRn-2)
(Harvald page 118)
= 0.0015
Tidak ada koreksi anggota badan kapal yang meliputi daun kemudi, lunas bilga, boss
baling-baling, dan poros baling-baling, karena permukaan basah anggota badan kapal
relatif kecil, sehingga dapat diabaikan.
e%*Lwl
dmana
e% =
LWL =
1.59%
140.080
d. Badan Kapal
Badan kapal yang harus dikoreksi adalah :
# Propeller boss
Untuk full ship, Cr ditambah 3-5%, diambil 3%,maka :
Cr = (1+3%)*0.000771067
Cr Total = 0.002533
7 Tahanan tambahan
Sesuai dengan buku TAHANAN DAN PROPULSI KAPAL halaman 132 :
Displacement
10000
22680.520
100000
Ca
0.0004
Ca
0
0.331
1.02
a. BHPscr
Karena efek dari efisiensi sistem transmisi (G), kapal ini menggunakan single
reduction gear dengan losses 0 %, maka G =
1
BHPscr = SHP/G
= 8987.360
HP
6701.9
b. BHPmcr
Kondisi maksimum daya main engine adalah 85 % dari BHPscr
BHPmcr = BHPscr/0,90
= 10573.365
HP
8458.7 5075.22
= 7884.557
kW
140.8
10725.000
160875
Merk
Cycle
Type
Jumlah Cylinder
Cylinder Bore
Cylinder Strokes
BHP at MCR
Engine Speed
SFOC
SLOC
Dimensi :
- panjang
- lebar
- tinggi
- berat
: MAN B&W
: 2 Strokes
: S 42 MC
7
420
1764
: 7560kW / 10290 BHP
: 136 Rpm
: 177 gr / kWh
: 1-1.6 gr / kWh
6442
2670
6700
160
mm
mm
mm
ton
MAN B&W
2STROKE
5S50MC-C
5
500
2000
10725/7900
127
171
0.95-1.5
5875
3150
9235
181
Data Kapal
Tipe Kapal
Dimensi Utama
Lpp
136 m
22.9 m
12.2 m
9.050 m
Cb
Vs
Merk
Cycle
Type
Engine Speed
BHP at MCR mesin:
: MAN B&W
: 2 Strokes
: 8L42MC
176
0.74
14.1 Knot
7.7166 m/s
BHP Scr
SHP
DHP
EHP
1 m = 3.28084 ft
Rt dinas
jarak sarat air dengan centre line propeller (h) =
Jenis Prop
DHP (Hp)
SHP (Hp)
B4-40
8849
9029.7
176
B4-55
8849
9029.7
B4-70
8849
B4-85
B4-100
6.335
7960
kW
10840
BHP
9214
Hp
9030
Hp
8849
Hp
5911
Hp
599.4136 kN
meter
N (Rpm)
Vs (knot) Va (knot)
176.000
0.3311
14.1
9.43
176
176.000
0.3311
14.1
9.43
9029.7
176
176.000
0.3311
14.1
9.43
8849
9029.7
176
176.000
0.3311
14.1
9.43
8849
9029.7
176
176.000
0.3311
14.1
9.43
w:
0.3311
t:
0.254
4.852 m/s
Va :
9.43 knots
0.5
Bp=N*P /Va
2.5
Bp1=Np
1/2
*Va
-5/2
baca grafik
Bp
Bp1
0,1739.Bp
P/D
60.6069
60.6069
1.354
0.648
2.870
290.633
60.6069
60.6069
1.354
0.653
2.810
284.557
60.6069
60.6069
1.354
0.673
2.750
278.481
60.6069
60.6069
1.354
0.720
2.680
271.392
60.6069
60.6069
1.354
0.780
2.620
265.316
Do=o*Va/N
D0 (ft)
Db=0.95*Do Dmax=0.61T*3.28084
Db (ft)
Dmax (ft)
Db
<
Dmax
b=Db*N/Va 1/Jb=b*0.009875
b
1/Jb
grafik
P/Db
15.574
15.263
19.2995413
terpenuhi
284.820253
2.81
0.670
15.249
14.486
19.2995413
terpenuhi
270.329114
2.67
0.710
14.923
14.177
19.2995413
terpenuhi
264.556962
2.61
0.750
14.543
13.816
19.2995413
terpenuhi
257.822785
2.55
0.820
14.218
13.933
19.2995413
terpenuhi
260.010127
2.57
0.870
CAVITATION
grafik
Jenis Prop
No
Ae/Ao
Ao
Ae
Ad
Ap (ft^2)
Ap (m^2)
Va (m/s)
0.510
B4-40
0.4
183.035
73.214
73.214
66.88608
6.214
4.852
0.498
B4-55
0.55
82.01738
7.620
4.852
0.489
B4-70
0.7
98.96303
9.194
4.852
0.482
B4-85
0.85
149.98
127.483 127.483
112.086
10.413
4.852
0.472
B4-100
132.3663
12.298
4.852
T
Ap 0 ,5 (Vr ) 2
Vr2 Va2 0.7 n D
EHP
(1 t ) xVs
188 , 2 19 , 62 h
Va 2 ( 4 ,836 xn 2 xD 2 )
Lihat grafik
N (rps)
Vr^2
c itungan
0.7R
Kavitasi ?
2.933
924.86
803.55
0.273
0.338
0.177
kavitasi
0.510
2.933
835.47
803.55
0.246
0.374
0.176
kavitasi
0.498
2.933
801.17
803.55
0.213
0.390
0.178
kavitasi
0.489
2.933
762.09
803.55
0.198
0.410
0.187
kavitasi
0.482
2.933
774.67
803.55
0.165
0.404
0.188
tidak kavitasi
0.472
0,65T
pitch
7.9
5.164
oke!!!
3.1169
B4-55
7.9
4.901
oke!!!
3.1349
B4-70
7.9
4.796
oke!!!
3.241
B4-85
7.9
4.674
oke!!!
3.453
B4-100
7.9
4.714
oke!!!
3.695
PEMILIHAN PROPELLER
DAN PEMERIKSAAN TERHADAP KAVITASI
Dimensi Utama Kapal
Lpp
:
Lwl
:
B
:
H
:
T
:
Cb
:
Cbwl
:
Vs
:
136
140.080
22.9
12.2
9.050
0.74
meter
meter
meter
meter
meter
0.762
14.2 knots
7.30505 m/s
1 m = 3.28084 ft
: MAN B&W
Cycle
: 2 Strokes
Type
8L42MC
Engine Speed
BHP at MCR mesin
176
:
7960
kW
10840
BHP
BHP Scr
9214
Hp
SHP
9029.72
Hp
DHP
8849.1256
Hp
EHP
: 5911.054539 Hp
Rt dinas
599.4135711 kN
jarak sarat air dengan centre line propeller (h) =
6.335
meter
III.1 PERENCANAAN
Diameter Propeller maksimum (Dmax)
=
6.34 m
=
20.78 feet
III.2. LANGKAH PENGERJAAN
Untuk menjelaskan langkah pengerjaan/ pemilihan propeller dalam hal ini diambil perhitungan untuk
propeller jenis B4
1 Dari perhitungan perkiraan daya mesin dengan mengasumsikan propeller = 0.552didapatkan
hasil sebagai berikut
BHP (MCR)
w
t
Va
=
7884.56 kW
=
0.331
=
0.254
=
( 1 - w ) Vs
=
9.50 knot
DAYA MESIN YANG DIGUNAKAN
MAN B&W 4 S 60 MC-C
RPM
136
HP
BHP (MCR)
10840
BHP (SCR)
9214
SHP
9029.72
DHP
8849.1256
4.89
m/s
2 Menghitung BP
(Tahanan dan propulsi kapal,Hal 145)
N = putaran propeller = putaran mesin / rasio gearbox
P = SHP mesin
Untuk penggunaan gearbox pembalik arah putaran mesin,
Putaran Mesin =
176
Rasio gearbox =
1
Putaran Propeler =
Putaran Mesin / Putaran Gear Box
=
176 RPM
=
2.933333333 RPS
sehingga didapatkan
=
60.149
dimana :
0,1739.Bp
1.349
Db
14.01803493
=
=
=
terpenuhi
6 Mendapatkan nilai b
259.746835
=
1/j b =
2.57
<
<
Dmax
20.78
154.3970239 ft
Dari grafik yang dipakai dapat kita ketahui nilai perbandingan Ao/Ae, untuk propeller B4-70 berarti
perbandingan Ao/Ae = 0.70
Sehingga nilai Ae dapat diketahui :
Ae = 0.50 x Ao
77.1985 ft
67.87 ft
6.31
c =
(T/Ap)/(0.5 Vr)
784.154337 (m/s)
0.181
4.8519
Rt = 544.92 kN
Rt service=
599.41 kN
Vs =
7.254
m/s
t=
0.25
w=
0.331
Calculating coefficient of
0,5xxCtxSxVs
Rt =
J
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
J2
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.09
0.16
KT clean hull
KT service
0.0000
0.0172
0.0686
0.1545
0.2746
0.0000
0.0197
0.0789
0.1776
0.3158
0.5
0.25
0.4290
0.4934
Rt =
x Vs
0.6
0.36
0.6178
0.7105
=
=
0.7
0.8
0.49
0.64
0.8409
1.0984
0.9671
1.2631
Rt/Vs
10356.815 ( clean hull)
/ (1-t)(1-w) x x Db^2
=
1.716 (clean hull)
Graph showing the reliationship between Kt and J
2
KT = x J
=
Diagram Kt-J
1.5000
Kt
1.0000
KT clean hull
0.5000
KT service
0.0000
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
KT
0.82
10 KQ
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.355
0.32
0.28
0.238
0.191
0.14
0.086
0.029
0.44
0.4
0.356
0.309
0.259
0.202
0.149
0.092
Kt
Kq
0.15
0.29
0.40
0.50
0.57
0.61
0.60
0.38
coefficient of thrust
coefficient of torque
polynomial forward
rate
or coefficient of
advance
1.4
1.2
1
Kt
10 KQ
Kt Eff
0.8
Kt service
0.6
KT clean hull
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
From the above curves we can cuts KT hull with Kt propeller, so it can be priced at the intersection of J and of these we
make vertical line to get price of KT, 10KQ and efficiency.
Kt Clean
Kt service
J = 0.424
J = 0.414
Kt = 0.225
Kt = 0.232
Kq = 0.0289
Kq = 0.0307
Eff = 0.52
Eff = 0.508
After get the number of J, we can know the value of n (rotation) propeller that work on the efficiency.
design condition
service condition
n = Va / JxD
n = Va / JxD
=
2.725 rps
rps
=
2.790 rps
rps
=
163.47 rpm
rpm
=
167.42 rpm
rpm
on proleer rpm (design condition), the rotation of engine is
163.47
on proleer rpm (service condition), the rotation of engine is
167.42
Rps = Rpm / 60
5
2
Q = (KQ x x Db x n )
BHP = DHP/(G)
DHP = Q x n x 2
SHP = DHP/(sb)
EHP = DHP x Pc
design condition
n-eng
(rpm)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
n-prop
(rpm)
0.00
15.00
30.00
45.00
60.00
75.00
90.00
105.00
120.00
135.00
150.00
165.00
n-propeller
(rps)
0.000
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.250
2.500
2.750
Q
0.00
2.42
9.68
21.78
38.71
60.49
87.11
118.56
154.86
195.99
241.96
292.77
DHP
(kW)
0.00
3.80
30.39
102.57
243.12
474.85
820.54
1302.99
1944.99
2769.33
3798.81
5056.22
BHPSCR
SHP
EHP
(kW)
(kW)
(kW)
0.00
0.000
0.00
3.88
2.420
3.96
31.01
19.362
31.64
104.66
65.346 106.80
248.09
154.894 253.15
484.54
302.528 494.43
837.29
522.768 854.38
1329.58
830.137 1356.72
1984.69
1239.154 2025.19
2825.85
1764.343 2883.52
3876.34
2420.223 3955.45
5159.41
3221.317 5264.70
RPM
(%)
0.00
8.52
17.05
25.57
34.09
42.61
51.14
59.66
68.18
76.70
85.23
93.75
176
176.00
2.933
333.11
6136.38
6261.61
3909.486
6389.40
100.00
DHP
(kW)
0.00
4.04
32.28
108.96
258.27
504.43
871.65
1384.15
2066.13
2941.82
4035.42
5371.14
6518.57
BHPSCR
SHP
EHP
(kW)
(kW)
(kW)
0.00
0.000
0.00
4.12
2.571
4.07
32.94
20.568
32.59
111.18
69.416 110.00
263.54
164.542 260.74
514.72
321.370 509.26
889.44
555.328 880.01
1412.40
881.841 1397.42
2108.30
1316.333 2085.95
3001.86
1874.233 2970.03
4117.77
2570.964 4074.11
5480.75
3421.953 5422.64
6651.61
4152.983 6581.08
RPM
(%)
0.00
11.03
22.06
33.09
44.12
55.15
66.18
77.21
88.24
99.26
110.29
121.32
129.41
service condition
n-eng
(rpm)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
176
n-prop
(rpm)
0.00
15.00
30.00
45.00
60.00
75.00
90.00
105.00
120.00
135.00
150.00
165.00
176.00
n-propeller
(rps)
0.000
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.250
2.500
2.750
2.933
Q
0.00
2.57
10.28
23.13
41.13
64.26
92.53
125.95
164.50
208.20
257.03
311.01
353.86
The table is calculation engine power at a certain rotation at clean hull condition there is no rust and marine animals
that attach to the hulls of ships (fouling), the condition opposite is rough hull
n-eng
(rpm)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
176
(rpm)
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
176
n (propeller)
(rps)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
2.93
%
0.00
8.52
17.05
25.57
34.09
42.61
51.14
59.66
68.18
76.70
85.23
93.75
100.00
BHP (kW)
clean
%
0.00
0.00
3.96
0.05
31.64
0.40
106.80
1.34
253.15
3.18
494.43
6.21
854.38
10.73
1356.72
17.04
2025.19
25.44
2883.52
36.23
3955.45
49.69
5264.70
66.14
6389.40
80.27
BHP (kW)
rough hull
%
0.00
0.00
4.55
0.06
36.39
0.46
122.82
1.54
291.12
3.66
568.60
7.14
982.53
12.34
1560.23
19.60
2328.97
29.26
3316.05
41.66
4548.77
57.15
6054.41
76.06
7347.81
92.31
HP
Propeller Load
8000.00
7000.00
6000.00
5000.00
4000.00
3000.00
2000.00
1000.00
Clean Hull
Rough Hull
n-engine
rpm
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
176
1000.00
0.00
0
50
100
150
200
RPM
9000
L1 - L2
8000
L2 - L4
DAYA (kW)
7000
6000
L4 - L3
5000
L3 - L1
4000
rough hull
3000
clean
2000
1000
0
0
50
100
RPM
Note :
150
200
Design Condition
is condition where the ship was just created on the suface of the hull so that there is no
addtional form of fouling resistance, or uneven welding marks, as well as shipping conditions on
a fairly calm sea.
Service Condition
is a condition in which the vessel has suffered a long voyage, so a lot of fouling on hull arise and
due process of repeated docks then there is an uneven welding in the side, as well as extreme
sailing conditions.
3
3
EHP / Vs
#REF!
Vs =
Vs =
15.00
7.72
Knot
m/s
service
EHP = x Vs
=
=
3
3
EHP / Vs
#REF!
design
RPM (%)
BHP(%)
BHP(kW)
SHP(kW)
DHP(kW)
EHP(kW)
Vs3 (m/s)
Vs (m/s)
Vs (Knot)
0.0
11.0
22.1
33.1
44.1
55.1
66.2
77.2
88.2
99.3
110.3
121.3
129.4
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
0.1
0.5
1.7
4.0
7.7
13.4
21.2
31.7
45.1
61.9
82.4
100.0
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
4.0
31.6
106.8
253.1
494.4
854.4
1356.7
2025.2
2883.5
3955.4
5264.7
6389.4
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
3.9
31.0
104.7
248.1
484.5
837.3
1329.6
1984.7
2825.9
3876.3
5159.4
6261.6
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
3.8
30.4
102.6
243.1
474.9
820.5
1303.0
1945.0
2769.3
3798.8
5056.2
6136.4
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
2.4
19.4
65.3
154.9
302.5
522.8
830.1
1239.2
1764.3
2420.2
3221.3
3909.5
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
RPM (%)
BHP(%)
BHP(kW)
SHP(kW)
DHP(kW)
EHP(kW)
Vs3 (m/s)
Vs (m/s)
Vs (Knot)
0.0
11.0
22.1
33.1
44.1
55.1
66.2
77.2
88.2
99.3
110.3
121.3
129.4
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
0.1
0.5
1.7
4.0
7.7
13.4
21.2
31.7
45.1
61.9
82.4
100.0
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
4.1
32.6
110.0
260.7
509.3
880.0
1397.4
2085.9
2970.0
4074.1
5422.6
6581.1
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
4.1
32.9
111.2
263.5
514.7
889.4
1412.4
2108.3
3001.9
4117.8
5480.8
6651.6
#REF!
#REF!
0.0
4.0
32.3
109.0
258.3
504.4
871.6
1384.1
2066.1
2941.8
4035.4
5371.1
6518.6
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0.0
2.6
20.6
69.4
164.5
321.4
555.3
881.8
1316.3
1874.2
2571.0
3422.0
4153.0
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service
7000.0
6000.0
Power (kW)
5000.0
4000.0
design condition
3000.0
Service condition
2000.0
1000.0
0.0
-1000.0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Vs (knot)
0.8
1.0
coefficient of thrust
coefficient of torque
polynomial forward
rate
or coefficient of
advance
KT clean hull
Db
=
daya max =
P x Pc
BHPSCR
(%)
0.00
0.06
0.50
1.67
3.96
7.74
13.37
21.23
31.70
45.13
61.91
82.40
4.20
o
100.00
BHPSCR
(%)
0.00
0.06
0.50
1.67
3.96
7.74
13.37
21.23
31.70
45.13
61.91
82.40
100.00
rough hull
lolos
rpm
L1
L2
L3
L4
=
=
=
=
176
176
140.8
140.8
bhp(kw)
7884.557
4730.734
6307.646
3784.587
design condition
Service condition
820.5