Kuliah 5 Dan 6 Cost of Capital
Kuliah 5 Dan 6 Cost of Capital
(Cost of Capital)
March 2007
Definisi
Modal ( Capital ): dana yg digunakan
untuk membiayai pengadaan asset dan
operasional suatu perusahaan
Modal dapat dilihat di neraca sisi kanan:
hutang, saham biasa, saham preferen dan
laba ditahan
Definisi
Cost of Capital - The return the firms
investors could expect to earn if they
invested in securities with comparable
degrees of risk.
Return yang dapat diharapkan oleh
investor suatu perusahaan apabila mereka
berinvestasi pada sekuritas-sekuritas yang
mempunyai tingkat risiko yang sebanding.
Definisi
WACC
WACC = wd.kd (1-T)+wps.kps+ws.( ks atau ke)
kd
= biaya hutang
ke
= pajak
WACC
Three Steps to Calculating Cost of Capital
1. Calculate the value of each security as a
proportion of the firms market value.
2. Determine the required rate of return on
each security.
3. Calculate a weighted average of these
required returns.
WACC
Example - Executive Fruit has
issued debt, preferred stock
and common stock. The
market value of these
securities are $4mil, $2mil,
and $6mil, respectively. The
required returns are 6%,
12%, and 18%, respectively.
Q: Determine the WACC for
Executive Fruit, Inc.
WACC
Example - continued
Step 1
Firm Value = 4 + 2 + 6 = $12 mil
Step 2
Required returns are given
Step 3
WACC =
4
12
] (
x(1-.35).06 +
=.123 or 12.3%
2
12
) (
x.12 +
6
12
x.18
Biaya Hutang
Notes: Penggunaan hutang sebagai modal,
menurunkan penghasilan yg dikenai pajak karena
bunga yg harus dibayar. Karena itu penggunaan
hutang dapat mengurangi pajak yang dibayar (tax
deductible)
Cnth lain: PT Aksara menerbitkan obligasi yg
membayar bunga 10% nilai nominal 1.000. Jatuh
tempo dalam 5thn. Obligasi terjual seharga 1.000.
Berapa biaya hutang? (Kd)
1.000=100(PVIFAKd, 5) +1000(PVIFKd,5)
Kd = 10%
1. Pendekatan CAPM
KS = KRF + (KM-KRF)bi
Ks = tingkat keuntungan yg disyaratkan pada saham perusahaan i.
Krf = risk free rate/ bunga bebas risiko
Km = tingkat keuntungan portfolio pasar
bi = beta saham perusahaan I
Div1
Div2
DivH PH
P0
...
1
2
(1 ks )
(1 ks )
(1 ks ) H
P0 = D0(1+g)/Ks-g
D0 + g
P0(1-F)