complete thought
1 Allah Almighty is very merciful.
2 I love my country.
3 Please work hard.
4 Let us build our nation.
5 All these groups of words are sentences
as they are complete thoughts.
6 What a sunny day it is!
7 Have you been to ?
Definition of Sentence:
A sentence is made up of different words
combined into a pattern that expresses a
complete thought. When written, it begins with a
capital letter and ends with a period, a question
mark, or an exclamation mark. In its simplest
form this complete statement is also called an
independent clause or a simple sentence. All
the above examples are of sentences.
Sentence Fragment:
A group of words which does convey some meaning but
does not express a complete thought is called a sentence
fragment. Fragments are incomplete sentences. Usually, they
are pieces of sentences that have become disconnected from the
main clause.
Examples:
•in the morning
•over the window
•my younger brother
•the rose
•wet by rain
•is a soldier
•works day in and day out
You see that all these group of words are meaningful
but not as meaningful as those groups of words which
express a complete thought and are called sentences. So
such groups of words are called Sentence of Fragments.
Sentence:
A sentence is a group of words that makes a sense.
Fragment:
A group of words that make sense but not complete
sense.
Subject and Predicate – Two Pillars
of a Sentence
Subject Predicate
Person or thing (Noun) What we say about some
we talk about person or thing
Subject Predicate
People Loved.
They Went.
The subject of sentence tells about whom or what the
sentence is. The predicate tells what the subject does or is.
In every sentence there are key words that make the basic
framework of the sentence. The key word in the subject of
sentence is called the simple subject. It is the subject of the verb.
It is a noun or noun equivalent. The key word in the predicate is
called the simple predicate. The simple predicate is the verb - a
word showing action or state of the subject. For example;
The people of my country love their country.
The subject people tell who love and the predicate love tells
what the subject did. The sentence can stand alone on these two
elements.
People love
S P
Complete Subject and Complete Predicate
4 Ali and Ahmed jumped and swam in the pool for an hour.
When we have two or more nouns pronouns, etc as the subject,
we call it compound subject. The joining words are ‘and’ or, or,
‘nor’
i. Ahmed and Hassan play cricket.
ii. Reading and writing are two great skills.
Always remember that a prepositional phrase with its noun
never makes up the single subject a compound one. For example:
i. The students of this College are good sportsmen.
(The prepositional phrase of this College does not make the
subjects compound.
Similarly, when we have two are more than two verbs as
predicate, we call it a compound predicate.
For Example:
i. Hassan read the book and wrote an essay. (In this sentence
the verb phrases ‘read the book’ and wrote an essay from a
compound predicate.)
Subjects in the Unusual Order
4 Get lost!
Command means to ask somebody to do
something. It includes request, order, advice, etc.
An imperative sentence (command) usually begins
with the verb. For example, in the command ‘Be
careful’ the verb is the first word. The subject of the
sentence is you, even though it is not expressed. We say
that the subject you is understood.
Sometimes only one word is necessary to give a
command. That word is the verb. The subject is still you
and is understood.
(You) Stop! (You) Look!(You) Listen!
We use imperatives for different reasons, such as telling
people what to do, giving instructions and advice,
making recommendations and suggestions, and for
making offers.
•Come in and sit down, please.
•Don't open the window - it's cold.
•Put the coin in the slot and press the red button.
•Don't ask her - she doesn't know.
•See the doctor - it's the best thing.
•Have a bit more coffee.
Emphatic Imperative"
We can make an emphatic imperative with do + imperative.
This is common in polite requests, complaints and apologies.
i. Do sit down.
ii. Do be a bit more careful.
iii. Do forgive me - I didn't mean to interrupt.
"Passive Imperative"
To tell people to arrange for things to be done to them, we
often use get + past participle.
Get vaccinated as soon as you can.
Do(n't) be
Although do is not normally used as an auxiliary with be, do is used
before be in negative and emphatic imperatives.
i. Don't be silly!
ii. Do be quiet!
Subject with Imperative
The imperative does not usually have a subject present in the sentence,
but we can use a noun or pronoun to make it clear who we are speaking to.
i. Marium come here - everybody else stay where you are.
ii. Somebody answer the phone.
iii. Nobody move.
iv. Relax, everybody.
You before an imperative can suggest emphatic persuasion or anger.
i. You just sit down and relax for a bit.
ii. You take your hands off me!
Run - on Sentence
1 Hassan got up late in the morning he went to school late.
2 Naeem did his best he fail the exam.
3 The teacher did not turn up, we waited an hour.