VENTRIKEL OTAK
Terdapat 4 buah ventrikel yang saling
berhubungan satu sama lainnya
2 ventrikel lateral (kanan dan kiri) hemisfer serebri
Ventrikel III diensefalon
Ventrikel IV pons dan medula oblongata
LCS
Tekanan normal LCS pada posisi berbaring
berkisar 50 180 mm H20, yang dapat
dipengaruhi oleh tekanan vena, obatobatan,dan lesi massa desak ruang
Mengandung beberapa komponen:
Protein : 15 45 mg%
Glukosa: 45 80 mg%
Sel : sel mononukleus 1 5 /mm3
PATHOPHYSIOLOGI OF
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
Brain
CSF
Blood
Mas
Bones
RAISED INTRACRANIAL
PRESSURE
ICP
DAYS
WEEKS
HOURS
DEATH
CONING
HYDROCEPHALUS
FOCAL
VENTRICULAR
CENTRAL HERNIA
DISPLACEMENTS DISTORTION
CAUSES of RAISED
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
HYDROCEPHALUS
BRAIN SWELLING
MASSES
TUMOUR
ABSCESS
CYST
HAEMATOMA
Herniation
Uncal
Central
Cerebellar
Subfalcial (cingulate)
HERNIATIONS
SUBFALCINE HERNIA
TRANSTENTORIAL HERNIAS
1. PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS (PHG)
HERNIATION
2. CENTRAL/DIENCEPHALIC
HERNIATION
MAY OCCUR INDEPENDENTLY
OR IN COMBINATION
CAUSES of RAISED
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
HYDROCEPHALUS
BRAIN SWELLING
MASSES
TUMOURS
ABSCESS
CYSTS
HAEMATOMAS
Hidrosefalus
Penyebabnya:
Kelainan bawaan
Didapat : infeksi otak,tumor otak, perdarahan otak,
cedera kepala
HYDROCEPHALUS
AN INCREASE IN VOLUME OF
CSF WITHIN THE VENTRICLES,
SUBARACHNOID SPACE OR BOTH
RAISED PRESSURE
HYDROCEPHALUS
EX VACUO
HYDROCEPHALUS
HYDROCEPHALUS
COMMUNICATING v NONCOMMUNICATING
HYDROCEPHALUS
COMMUNICATING v NONCOMMUNICATING
CAUSES of RAISED
INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE
HYDROCEPHALUS
BRAIN SWELLING
MASSES
TUMOURS
ABSCESS
CYSTS
HAEMATOMAS
Edema Serebri
Vasogenic :
kerusakan vaskuler endotel kapiler, gangguan
tight junction, permeabilitas meningkat
Cytotoxic :
gangguan pompa Na, K, ATP ase, Na intrasel
meningkat
Interstisial :
Transudasi
BRAIN SWELLING
HYPODENSE SWELLING
VASOGENIC
OEDEMA
ISODENSE SWELLING
DYSAUTOREGULATION