1. Pistol (M6D)
Your first weapon, issued to you by Captain Keyes on the Pillar of
Autumn. This is a VERY powerful weapon (1 headshot equals a kill vs.
unshielded opponents) with a decent clip size, average ammo
availability, and the ability to zoom. You'll want to keep this one on you
at all times unless you need the weapon slot for something else (like
the rocket launcher). The pistol's melee attack is rather slow but
accuracy is excellent.
3. Shotgun (M90)
You get the shotgun when the flood arises, which is early on in the
game. It's a great weapon capable of taking many enemies down with
one well-placed shot. It doesn't work too well over a distance, but the
ability to eliminate Covenant Elites with a point-blank shot to the chest
is much welcomed. It is also very useful against the Flood, especially
the combat forms. Definitely carry one with you when you fight the
flood.
5. Flamethrower (M7057)
Good for clearing out trenches, around corners, or indoors. This
weapon is only available in the PC/Macintosh versions of the game, and
only appears in multiplayer. Be warned that this weapon can overheat.
Do not run forward while using this weapon, or else you may run into
your own flame and kill yourself with it. Instead, use it running
backwards to lure them into the flames. Use ammo conservatively with
this weapon.