Disusun untuk :
Memenuhi Tugas Mata Kuliah
TEORI INFORMASI
Di susun oleh:
SOAL 1
Contoh: Misalkan suatu sumber dengan memory U= {0,1} memenuhi proses Markov order-2. Dalam
hal ini ada 4 states yang mungkin yaitu S1=00, S2=01, S3=10, S4=11. Diketahui probalitas transisi
sebagai berikut:
P(0|00) = P(1|11) = 0.8 i.e P(S1|S1) = P(S4|S4) = 0.8
P(0|01) = P(1|10) = 0.5 i.e P(S3|S2) = P(S2|S3) = 0.5
DITANYA:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
PENYELESAIN SOAL
S1
0.8
0
0.5
0
S2
0.2
0
0.5
0
S3
0
0.5
0
0.2
S4
0
0.5
0
0.8
P ( S 1 )=
8
5
P ( S 1 )+ P ( S 3 ) (1)
10
10
P ( S 2 )=
2
5
P ( S 1 ) + P ( S 3 ) (2)
10
10
P ( S 3)=
5
2
P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 4 ) (3)
10
10
P ( S 4 )=
5
8
P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 4 ) (4)
10
10
P ( S 1 ) + P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 4 ) =1 (5)
P ( S 1 )=
8
5
P ( S 1 )+ P ( S 3 )
10
10
5
8
P ( S 3 ) =P ( S 1 ) P ( S 1 )
10
10
5
2
P( S 3) = P ( S 1)
10
10
P ( S 1 )=
50
5
P ( S 3 )= P ( S 3 ) (6)
20
2
P ( S 4 )=
5
8
P ( S 2)+ P( S 4)
10
10
5
8
P ( S 2 )=P ( S 4 ) P ( S 4 )
10
10
5
2
P ( S 2 )= P ( S 4 )
10
10
P (S 1)
P ( S 4 )=
50
5
P ( S 2 )= P ( S 2 ) (7)
20
2
P ( S 1 ) + P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 4 ) =1
5
5
P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 2 )+ P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 2 ) =1
2
2
5
5
P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 2 )+ P ( S 3 ) P ( S 3 ) + 1
2
2
7
7
P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 3 )=1
2
2
7
7
P ( S 2 ) =1 P ( S 3 )
2
2
2
P ( S 2 )= P ( S 3 ) (8)
7
P ( S 2 )=
2
5
P ( S 1) + P ( S 3)
10
10
2
2 5
5
P ( S 3 ) =
P (S 3 ) + P (S 3)
7
10 2
10
2
1
5
P ( S 3 ) = P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 3 )
7
2
10
1
5
2
P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 3 )+ P ( S 3 )=
2
10
7
5+ 5+10
2
P ( S 3 )=
10
7
2 P ( S 3 )=
P (S 3)=
2
7
2
14
5
P ( S 1 )= P ( S 3 )
2
P ( S 1 )=
5 2
2 14
P ( S 1 )=
10 5
=
28 14
( )
2
P ( S 2 )= P ( S 3 )
7
2 2
P ( S 2 )=
7 14
P ( S 2 )=
42 2
=
14 14
P (S 3)=
2
14
5
P ( S 4 )= P ( S 2 )
2
P ( S 4 )=
5 2
2 14
P ( S 4 )=
10 5
=
28 14
( )
P ( S 1 ) + P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 4 ) =1
5 2 2 5
+ + + =1
14 14 14 14
b. Entropi ?
H (U )=
5
5
2
2
2
2
5
5
log log log log
14
14 14
14 14
14 14
14
0,5305+0,4010+0,4010+ 0,5305
H (U )=1,863
c. Pengkodean Hoffman ?
Phase-1
Phase-2
5
14
5
14
5
14
S4
5
14
5
14
9
14
S2
2
14
4
14
S3
2
14
L=
5
5
2
2
1+ 2+ 3+ 3
14
14
14
14
0,3571+0,7142+0,4287+0,4287
L=1,9287
e. Efisiensi ?
H (U )
L log r
H (U )
L log r
1,8630
1,9287 . 1
=0,9659=96,59 =97
CODE
1
01
000
001
SOAL 2:
A
1/2
1/4
1/3
A
B
C
B
1/2
0
1/3
C
0
3/4
1/3
DITANYA:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
PENYELESAIAN SOAL:
a. Peluang masing-masing state (P(A), P(B), P(C),) ?
1
1
P ( A ) + 0+ P ( C )
2
3
P (C )=P ( A ) P ( C| A ) + P ( B ) P ( C|B ) + P ( C ) P(CC)
3
1
0+ P ( B ) + P ( C )
4
3
Dapat diserderhanakan persamaan menjadi :
1
1
1
P ( A )= P ( A )+ P ( B ) + P (C ) (1)
2
4
3
1
1
P ( B ) = P ( A ) + P ( C ) ( 2)
2
3
3
1
P (C )= P ( B )+ P ( C ) (3)
4
3
P ( A )+ P ( B ) + P ( C )=1 (4)
3
1
P (C ) = P ( B ) + P ( C )
4
3
1
3
P (C ) P ( C ) = P ( B )
3
4
2
3
P (C )= P ( B )
3
4
9
P (C )= P ( B ) (5)
8
P ( A )+ P ( B ) + P ( C )=1
9
P ( A )+ P ( B ) + P ( B )=1
8
17
P ( B )=1
8
P ( A )+
P ( A )=1
17
P ( B ) (6)
8
1
1
P (B)= P ( A)+ P (C )
2
3
P (B)=
1
17
9
1 P ( B ) + P ( B )
2
8
24
1 17
9
P (B)= P ( B)+ P (B )
2 16
24
P (B)+
17
9
1
P ( B ) P ( B ) =
16
24
2
48+5118
1
P ( B )=
48
2
48+5118
1
P ( B )=
48
2
81
1
P ( B )=
48
2
P (B)=
48
8
=
162 27
P ( A )=1
17
P ( B)
8
P ( A )=1
17 8
8 27
P ( A )=1
136
216
( )
17 8
P ( A )=1 ( )
8 27
P ( A )=
216136 80 10
=
=
216
216 27
9
P (C ) = P ( B )
8
P (C ) =
9 8
8 27
P (C ) =
72
9
=
216 27
( )
P ( A )+ P ( B ) + P ( C )=1
10 8 9
+ + =1
27 27 27
b. Entropi ?
c. Pengkodean Hoffman ?
U
A
10
27 =0.37
Phase-1
10
27
CODE
1
9
27 =0.33
8
27 =0.29
17
27
00
01
L=0,291+0,322+ 0,372
0,29+0,64+ 0,74
L=1,67
e. Efisiensi ?
H (U )
L log r
H (U )
L log r
1,5764
1,67 . 1
=0,9439=94,39 =94
SOAL 3
Contoh: Misalkan suatu sumber dengan memory U= {0,1} memenuhi proses Markov order-2. Dalam
hal ini ada 4 states yang mungkin yaitu S1=00, S2=01, S3=10, S4=11. Diketahui probalitas transisi
sebagai berikut:
P(0|00) = P(1|11) = 0.8 i.e P(S1|S1) = P(S4|S4) = 0.8
P(0|01) = P(1|10) = 0.5 i.e P(S3|S2) = P(S2|S3) = 0.5
DITANYA:
a. Peluang masing-masing state (P(S1), P(S2), P(S3), P(S4)) ?
b. Entropi ?
c. Pengkodean Hoffman ?
PENYELESAIN SOAL
Dari informasi diatas dapat disumpulkan P(1|00) = P(0|11) = 0.2 dan P(1|01) = P(0|10) = 0.5. secara
matriks dapat dituliskan
S1
0.6
0
0.2
0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S2
0.4
0
0.8
0
S3
0
0.8
0
0.4
S4
0
0.2
0
0.6
0.8 P ( S 2 ) +0.4 P ( S 4 )
P ( S 4 )=P ( S 1 ) P ( S 4|S 1 )+ P ( S 2 ) P ( S 4|S 2 )+ P ( S 3 ) P (S 4S 3)
0.2 P ( S 2 ) +0+0.6 P ( S 4 )
Sehingga diperoleh suatu sistem persamaan linear dengan 4 persamaan dan 4 variabel. Solusi yang
diperoleh adalah
P ( S 1 )=
6
2
P ( S 1 )+ P ( S 3 ) (1)
10
10
P ( S 2 )=
4
8
P ( S 1 ) + P ( S 3 ) (2)
10
10
P ( S 3)=
8
4
P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 4 ) (3)
10
10
P ( S 4 )=
2
6
P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 4 ) (4)
10
10
P ( S 1 ) + P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 4 ) =1 (5)
P ( S 1 )=
P (S 1)
6
2
P ( S 1 )+ P ( S 3 )
10
10
2
6
P ( S 3 ) =P ( S 1 ) P ( S 1 )
10
10
2
4
P( S 3) = P ( S 1)
10
10
P ( S 1 )=
40
4
P ( S 3 )= P ( S 3 ) (6)
20
2
P ( S 4 )=
2
6
P ( S 2)+ P( S 4)
10
10
2
6
P ( S 2 )=P ( S 4 ) P ( S 4 )
10
10
2
4
P ( S 2 )= P ( S 4 )
10
10
P ( S 4 )=
40
4
P ( S 2 ) = P ( S 2 ) (7)
20
2
P ( S 1 ) + P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 4 ) =1
4
4
P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 2 )+ P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 2 )=1
2
2
4
4
P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 3 ) P ( S 3 ) + 1
2
2
6
6
P ( S 2 ) + P ( S 3 )=1
2
2
6
6
P ( S 2 ) =1 P ( S 3 )
2
2
2
P ( S 2 )= P ( S 3 ) (8)
6
P ( S 2 )=
4
8
P ( S 1) + P ( S 3)
10
10
2
4 4
8
P ( S 3 ) =
P (S 3 ) + P (S 3 )
6
10 2
10
2
4
8
P ( S 3 ) = P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 3 )
6
5
10
8
8
2
P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 3 )+ P ( S 3 ) =
10
10
6
8+8+10
2
P ( S 3 )=
10
6
26
2
P ( S 3 )=
10
6
P (S 3)=
20 10 5
= =
156 78 39
4
P ( S 1 )= P ( S 3 )
2
P ( S 1 )=
4 5
2 39
P ( S 1 )=
20 10
=
78 39
( )
2
P ( S 2 )= P ( S 3 )
6
2 5
P ( S 2 )=
6 39
P ( S 2 )=
2610 16 8
= =
78
78 39
P (S 3)=
5
39
4
P ( S 4 )= P ( S 2 )
2
P ( S 4 )=
4 8
2 39
P ( S 4 )=
32 16
=
78 39
( )
P ( S 1 ) + P ( S 2 ) +P ( S 3 ) + P ( S 4 ) =1
10 8 5 16
+ + + =1
39 39 39 39
b. Entropi ?
H (U )=
10
10 8
8
5
5 16
16
log log log log
39
39 39
39 39
39 39
39
0,5034+0,4688+ 0,3799+0,5273
H (U )=1,8794
c. Pengkodean Hoffman ?
U
S4
Phase-1
Phase-2
16
39
16
39
16
39
S1
10
39
10
39
23
39
S2
8
39
13
39
S3
5
39
CODE
1
01
000
001
L=
16
10
8
5
1+ 2+ 3+ 3
39
39
39
39
0,4102+0,5128+0,6153+0,3846
L=1,9225
f.
Efisiensi ?
H (U )
L log r
H (U )
L log r
1,8794
1,9225 .1
=0,9775=97,75 =98