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Nicknames Of Indian Cities

General Awareness
6

Nicknames are formulated for cities to showcase the cities uniqueness or Strength or Distinction among
other cities. So Indian cities also have been distinguished from other cities with their nick names. So here
is the complete list of nicknames of Indian cities, which are tabulated State-wise with respect to
memorizing easily and also for the benefit of aspirants appearing for State Wise Selection Commission
exams and other competitive exams.

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

City Name
Nick Names
Hyderabad-Secunderabad
Twin City
(Telangana)
Hyderabad (Telangana)
City of Nizams, City of Pearls, Bangle City, Hitech City
Tenali (Andhra Pradesh)
Andhra Paris
Guntur (Andhra Pradesh)
City of Chillies, City of Spices
Bhimavaram (Andhra Pradesh) Secon Bardoli of India
Rajahmundry (Andhra
Cultural City
Pradesh)
Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh)
Fertilizer City, Pensioners Paradise, Second Madras
Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh) Place of Victory, Land of Victory
Amritsar (Punjab)
Golden City
Patiala (Punjab)
Royal City
Muzzaffarpur (Bihar)
Lychee City
Ahmadabad (Gujarat)
Manchester of India, Boston of India
Palanpur (Gujarat)
City of Diamonds, Flower City
Surat (Gujarat)
Diamond City
Bardoli (Gujarat)
Butter City
Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)
City of Lakes
Mundi (Madhya Pradesh)
Power Hub City
Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) City of Rivers
Panipat (Haryana)
City of Weavers, Eco-City
Gurgaon (Haryana)
Millennium City
Allahabad or Prayag (Uttar
Abode of the God, Sangam City, City of Prime Ministers
Pradesh)
Agra (Uttar Pradesh)
Taj Nagari, Petha Nagari
Varanasi or Benares or Banaras
City of Temples, Holy City, Religious Capital of India
or Kashi (Uttar Pradesh)
Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)
Leather City, Manchester of the East
Meerut (Uttar Pradesh)
Sports Capital of India, Scissor City

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62

Luck now (Uttar Pradesh)


Mysore (Karnataka)
Coorg (Karnataka)
Auroville (Pondicherry)
Jamshedpur (Jharkhand)
Dhanbad (Jharkhand)
Udaipur (Rajasthan)
Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Jodhpur (Rajasthan)
Jaisalmer (Rajasthan)
Tezpur (Assam)
Bhuvaneshwar (Orissa)
Cuttack (Orissa)
Yavatmal (Maharashtra)

City of Nawabs, City of Marbels, City of Elephants


Sandal Wood City
Scotland of India
City of Dawn
Steel city, Pittsburg of India
Coal Capital of India
Lake City, White City, Venice of the East
Pink City, City of Palaces, Paris of India
Sun City, Blue City
Golden City
City of Blood
Temple City
Silver City
Cotton City
City of Seven Islands, Gateway of India, Hollywood of
Mumbai (Maharashtra)
India, City of Dreams
Thane (Maharashtra)
City of Lakes
Nasik (Maharashtra)
Grape City, Wine Capital
Pune (Maharshtra)
Deccan Queen
Nagpur (Maharashtra)
City of Orange
Kolhapur (Maharashtra)
City of Wrestlers
Ichalkaranji (Maharashtra)
Manchester of Maharashtra
Bengaluru or Bangalore
Garden City, Electronic City, Silicon Valley, Space City,
(Karnataka)
Pensioners Paradise
Yercaud (Tamil Nadu)
Poor Mans Ooty
Vaniyambadi (Tamil Nadu)
Leather City of South India
Salem (Tamil Nadu)
Mango City
Namakkal (Tamil Nadu)
Egg City
Tiruchirappali or Trichy (Tamil Rock Fort City, Energy Equipment & Fabrication Capital
Nadu)
of India
Nilgris (Tamil Nadu)
Blue Mountains
Gateway of South India, Detroit of Asia or India, Motor
Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
city of India, Banking capital of India, Autohub of India
Madurai (Tamil Nadu)
City of Festivals, Temple City, Sleepless City
Manchester of the South, Textile city of India, Capital of
Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
Kongu Nadu, Engineering City of India
Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu)
Pearl City, Pearl Harbor of India
Rishikesh (Uttarkand)
City of Sages, Yoga City
Nainital (Uttarkhand)
City of Lakes
Mussorie (Uttarakhand)
Hill Queen City
Kollam (Kerala)
Cashew Capital of the World, Prince of Arabian Sea
Alappuzha (Kerala)
Venice of the East

63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72

Trivandrum (Kerala)
Kochi or Cochin (Kerala)
Kolkatta (West Bengal)
Asansol (West Bengal)
Darjeeling (West Bengal)
Durgapur (West Bengal)
Malda (West Bengal)
Siliguri (West Bengal)
Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh)
Dispur (Assam) (A locality in
the Guwahati city, which is
capital of Assam)

73

Guwahati (Assam)

74

Shillong (Meghalaya)
New Delhi (NCR-National
Capital Region)
Noida (NCR)

75
76

City of Statues
Queen of Arabian Sea, Garden of Spices
City of Castles, City of Buildings
Land of Black Diamonds
The Queen of the Hills
Ruhr of India
Mango City
Gateway of North East India, City of Hospitality
Land of Rising Sun
City of Temples
City of Eastern Astrology, City of Temples, Gateway of
North East India
Scotland of the East
City of Rallies
IT Capital of NCR

Tricky Countries Capital List

General Awareness

Memorizing list of the countrys capital is a tedious task. So most people memorize the important capitals
of the world. But there is some countrys capital which confuses or tricks you in the examinations. So here
I have listed out some important capitals of the world countries that are easy, that confuses you
often, that have more than one capital. I also have written some of the facts or notes which make you
to remember the capitals easier. Thus the list of tricky countries capital list are as follows

S.No

Countries

Capital

1.

Singapore

Singapore

2.

Vatican City

Vatican City

3.

Australia

Canberra

4.

Canada

Ottawa

5.

Belize

Belmopan

6.

Brazil

Brasilia

7.

Burma/Myanmar

Naypyitaw

8.

China

Beijing

9.

El Salvador

San Salvador

Notes/Points to note for easy remembrance


Singapore is a small country expanded by land
reclamation. Easy to remember.
Smallest Internationally recognized Independent
state by area and population. Easy to remember.
Largest Inland city is Canberra. Most of the
cities you heard of are in the coastal area like
Adelaide, Melbourne, and Gold coast,
Newcastle, Brisbane, Perth and Sydney.
Canberra is a planned city after a settlement was
made between rivals Sydney and Melbourne.
Toronto is the most populous city and hosts
Toronto stock Exchange. Toronto headquarters 5
largest banks. So Toronto is the commercial
capital of Canada, not the national capital.
The only country in Central American to
have English also as National Language. Belize
city is the largest city.
Brasilia was planned and founded in 1960, to
move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a central
location.
The capital was moved from Yangoon (Rangoon)
to give a strategic position centrally to provide
stability to other areas of the country.
Not to be confused with Shanghai. As Shanghai
is the world most populous city, global financial
center and worlds busiest container port but not
the capital of China.
En Salvador is the most populated district and
also hosts most of the MNCs & Banks as its

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

23.
24.

25.

26.
27.

Head Quarters. It also has a World Trade Center.


Not to be confused with Guantanamo detention
Guatemala
Guatemala City
camp, run by USA.
It is also called French Guineau. It was formerly
Guinea
Conakry
a French colony.
Easy to remember. Was formerly a Portuguese
Guineau-Bissau
Bissau
colony. It is also called Portuguese Guineau.
Oyala is the planned city and future capital
Equatorial Guineau Malabo
which is under construction. Equatorial Guineau
was formerly a Spanish colony.
Equador
Quito
Quito lies near the Earths Equator line.
Ghana
Accra
Accra lies near the Earths Equator line.
Akmola was renamed as Astana. It was formed
only in 1997 after moving the capital from
Kazakhstan
Astana
Almaty. Astana is the second coldest capital in
the world. First new capital of 21st century.
Astana is a Kazak title meaning Capital.
Kuwait
Kuwait City
Easy to remember.
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Easy to remember.
City
Nauru is the worlds second least populated state
Nauru
Yaren
next to Vatican City.
Panama
Panama City
Easy to remember.
San Marino
San Marino
Easy to remember.
Has three capitals namely Capetown
Pretoria,
(Legislative), Pretoria (Executive) and
South Africa
Bloemfontein,
Bloemfontein (Judicial). Pretoria is the de facto
Cape Town
capital.
Colombo, Sri
Has two capitals namely Sri Jayawardenepura
Sri Lanka
Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative) and Colombo
Kotte
(Commercial).
Bern is the de facto capital or Federal capital.
Switzerland
Bern
Not to confuse with Zurich, Geneva and Basel.
Easy to remember. Housed the Arab League
(League of 22 Arab nations) HQ from 1979-1990
Tunisia
Tunis
during Egypts peace with Israel. In 1970-2003
also housed Palestine Liberation Organisation as
it was bombed by the Israeli Air Force.
Not to be confused with Dubai, as it is the global
hub for tourism, retail and finance. Dubai and
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have
veto power over major matters in the UAEs
legislature.
Vietnam
Hanoi
Ho Chi Minh city is the largest city in Vietnam

28.

United States of
America

but not the capital.


Planned capital and selected by President George
Washington. Not to be confused with New York
Washington D.C city as it is the head quarters to United Nations,
cultural and financial capital of the world. D.C
stands for District of Columbia.

List of waterfalls in India


Waterfall
Kunchikal Falls
Barehipani Falls
Langshiang Falls
Nohkalikai Falls
Nohsngithiang Falls
Dudhsagar Falls
Kynrem Falls
Meenmutty Falls
Thalaiyar Falls
Barkana Falls
Jog Falls
Khandadhar Falls
Vantawng Falls
Penchalakona Falls
Kune Falls
Soochipara Falls
Magod Falls
Hebbe Falls
Duduma Falls
Joranda Falls
Palani Falls
Lodh Falls
Bishop Falls
Chachai Falls
Keoti Falls
Kalhatti Falls
Beadon Falls
Keppa Falls
Koosalli Falls
Pandavgad Falls
Rajat Prapat
Bundla Falls
Shivanasamudra Falls
Agaya Gangai
Lower Ghaghri Falls

Height
455 meters (1,493 ft)
399 meters (1,309 ft)
337 meters (1,106 ft)
335 meters (1,099 ft)
315 meters (1,033 ft)
310 meters (1,020 ft)
305 meters (1,001 ft)
300 meters (980 ft)
297 meters (974 ft)
259 meters (850 ft)
253 meters (830 ft)
244 meters (801 ft)
229 meters (751 ft)
219 meters (719 ft)
200 meters (660 ft)
200 meters (660 ft)
198 meters (650 ft)
168 meters (551 ft)
175 meters (574 ft)
157 meters (515 ft)
150 meters (490 ft)
143 meters (469 ft)
135 meters (443 ft)
130 meters (430 ft)
130 meters (430 ft)
122 meters (400 ft)
120 meters (390 ft)
116 meters (381 ft)
116 meters (381 ft)
107 meters (351 ft)
107 meters (351 ft)
100 meters (330 ft)
98 meters (322 ft)
92 meters (302 ft)
98 meters (322 ft)

Location
Shimoga district, Karnataka
Mayurbhanj district, Odisha
West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
Karnataka, Goa
East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
Wayanad district, Kerala
Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu
Shimoga district, Karnataka
Sagar, Karnataka
Sundargarh district, Odisha
Serchhip district, Mizoram
Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh
Lonavla, Maharashtra
Wayanad district, Kerala
Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka
Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka
Koraput district, Odisha
Mayurbhanj district, Odisha
Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh
Latehar district, Jharkhand
Shillong, Meghalaya
Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh
Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh
Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka
Shillong, Meghalaya
Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka
Udupi, Karnataka
Thane, Maharashtra
Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh
Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh
Mysore, Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Latehar district, Jharkhand

Hundru Falls
Sweet Falls
Gatha Falls
Teerathgarh Falls
Kiliyur Falls
Kedumari Falls
Muthyala Maduvu Falls
Palaruvi Falls
Kuntala Falls

98 meters (322 ft)


98 meters (322 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
91 meters (299 ft)
45 meters (148 ft)

Ranchi district, Jharkhand


Shillong, Meghalaya
Panna district, Madhya Pradesh
Baster district, Chhattisgarh
Yercaud, Tamil Nadu
Udupi district, Karnataka
Bangalore, Karnataka
Kollam district, Kerala
Nirmal, Telangana

Important Rivers in India


Length of some important Indian Rivers

Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

River

Length (km)

Indus
Brahmaputra
Ganga
Godavari
Narmada
Krishna
Mahanadi
Kaveri

3,200
2,900
2,525
1,465
1,312
1,290
890
760

State-Wise details of Rivers Covered

S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

State
Andhra Pradesh
Bihar
Delhi
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala

10

Madhya Pradesh

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Mahrashtra
Nagaland
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Uttranchal
West Bengal

River
Godavari & Musi
Ganga
Yamuna
Mandovi
Sabarmati
Yamuna
Damodar, Ganga & Subarnarekha
Bhadra, Tungabhadra,Cauvery, Tunga & Pennar
Pamba
Betwa, Tapti, Wainganga, Khan, Narmada, Kshipra, Beehar,
Chambal & Mandakini.
Krishna, Godavari, Tapi and Panchganga
Diphu & Dhansiri
Brahmini & Mahanadi
Satluj
Chambal
Rani Chu
Cauvery, Adyar, Cooum, Vennar, Vaigai & Tambarani
Yamuna, Ganga & Gomti
Ganga
Ganga, Damodar & Mahananda

Cities on River Bank

City
Chandauli
Jajmau
Naubasta
Nawabganj
Bithoor
Ujjain
Kolhapur
Rajkot
Vadodara
Agra
Mathura
New Delhi
Auraiya
Etawah
Jabalpur
Hyderabad
Vijayawada
Bangalore
Farrukhabad
Fatehgarh
Kannauj
Mangalore
Shimoga
Bhadravathi
Hospet
Karwar
Bagalkot
Honnavar
Gwalior
Gorakhpur
Luck now
Kanpur
Kanpur
Cantonment
Shuklaganj
Chakeri

River
Ganges
Ganges
Pandu
Ganges
Ganges
Kshipra
Panchganga
Aji
Vishwamitri
Yamuna
Yamuna
Yamuna
Yamuna
Yamuna
Narmada
Moosi
Krishna
Vrishabhavathi
Ganges
Ganges
Ganges
Netravati,
Gurupura
Tunga River
Bhadra
Tungabhadra
Kali
Ghataprabha
Sharavathi
Chambal
Rapti
Gomti
Ganges

State
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Gujarat
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Delhi
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh

Ganges

Uttar Pradesh

Ganges
Ganges

Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh

Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Madhya Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh

Kolkata
Varanasi
Allahabad
Ahmadabad
Patna
Malegaon
Guwahati
Cuttack
Sambalpur
Rourkela
Haridwar
Pune
Daman
Madurai
Thiruchirapalli
Chennai
Coimbatore
Erode
Tirunelveli
Surat
Bharuch
Kota
Karjat
Nashik
Mahad
Rajahmundry
Nanded
Nellore
Sangli
Karad

Hooghly
Ganges
Ganges
Sabarmati
Ganges
Girna River
Brahmaputra
Mahanadi
Mahanadi
Brahmani
Ganges
Mula, Mutha
Daman Ganga
River
Vaigai
Kaveri
Cooum, Adyar
Noyyal
Kaveri
Thamirabarani
Tapti
Narmada
Chambal
Ulhas
Godavari
Savitri
Godavari
Godavari
Pennar
Krishna
Krishna,Koyna

West Bengal
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Gujarat
Bihar
Maharashtra
Assam
Orissa
Orissa
Orissa
Uttarkhand
Maharashtra
Daman
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Gujrat
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Maharashtra

Classification of Missile
Missiles are generally classified on the basis of their Type, Launch Mode, Range, Propulsion, Warhead
and Guidance Systems.

Type:
Cruise Missile
Ballistic Missile
Launch Mode:
Surface-to-Surface Missile
Surface-to-Air Missile
Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile
Air-to-Air Missile
Air-to-Surface Missile
Sea-to-Sea Missile
Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile
Anti-Tank Missile
Range:
Short Range Missile
Medium Range Missile
Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
Propulsion:
Solid Propulsion
Liquid Propulsion
Hybrid Propulsion
Ramjet
Scramjet
Cryogenic
Warhead:
Conventional
Strategic
Guidance Systems:
Wire Guidance
Command Guidance
Terrain Comparison Guidance
Terrestrial Guidance
Inertial Guidance
Beam Rider Guidance
Laser Guidance
RF and GPS Reference

On the basis of Type:


(I) Cruise Missile: A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled (till the time of impact) guided vehicle
that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path and whose primary mission is to
place an ordnance or special payload on a target. They fly within the earths atmosphere and use jet
engine technology. These vehicles vary greatly in their speed and ability to penetrate
defences.ICBMCruise missiles can be categorized by size, speed (subsonic or supersonic), range and
whether launched from land, air, surface ship or submarine.
Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as:
1) Subsonic cruise missile
2) Supersonic cruise missile
3) Hypersonic cruise missile
Subsonic cruise missile flies at a speed lesser than that of sound. It travels at a speed of around 0.8
Mach. The well-known subsonic missile is the American Tomahawk cruise missile. Some other examples
are Harpoon of USA and Exocet of France.
Supersonic cruise missile travels at a speed of around 2-3 Mach i.e.; it travels a kilometer
approximately in a second. The modular design of the missile and its capability of being launched at
different orientations enable it to be integrated with a wide spectrum of platforms like warships,
submarines, different types of aircraft, mobile autonomous launchers and silos. The combination of
supersonic speed and warhead mass provides high kinetic energy ensuring tremendous lethal effect.
BRAHMOS is the only known versatile supersonic cruise missile system which is in service.
Hypersonic cruise missile travels at a speed of more than 5 Mach. Many countries are working to
develop hypersonic cruise missiles. BrahMos Aerospace is also in the process of developing a hypersonic
cruise missile, BRAHMOS-II, which would fly at a speed greater than 5 Mach.
(ii) Ballistic Missile: A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight path,
regardless of whether or not it is a weapon-delivery vehicle. Ballistic missiles are categorized according to
their range, maximum distance measured along the surface of earths ellipsoid from the point of launch to
the point of impact of the last element of their payload. The missile carries a huge payload. The carriage
of a deadly warhead is justified by the distance the missile travels. Ballistic missiles can be launched from
ships and land based facilities. For example, Prithvi I, Prithvi II, Agni I, Agni II and Danish ballistic missiles
are currently operational in the Indian defense forces.
On the basis of Launch Mode:
(I) Surface-to-Surface Missile: A surface-to-surface missile is a guided projectile launched from a handheld, vehicle mounted, trailer mounted or fixed installation. It is often powered by a rocket motor or
sometimes fired by an explosive charge since the launch platform is stationary.

(ii) Surface-to-Air Missile: A surface-to-air missile is designed for launch from the ground to destroy
aerial targets like aircrafts, helicopters and even ballistic missiles. These missiles are generally called air
defense systems as they defend any aerial attacks by the enemy.
(iii) Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile: A surface (coast)-to-sea missile is designed to be launched from
land to ship in the sea as targets.
(iv) Air-to-Air Missile: An air-to-air missile is launched from an aircraft to destroy the enemy aircraft. The
missile flies at a speed of 4 Mach.
(v) Air-to-Surface Missile: An air-to-surface missile is designed for launch from military aircraft and
strikes ground targets on land, at sea or both. The missiles are basically guided via laser guidance,
infrared guidance and optical guidance or via GPS signals. The type of guidance depends on the type of
target.
(vi) Sea-to-Sea Missile: A sea-to-sea missile is designed for launch from one ship to another ship.
(vii) Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile: A sea-to-surface missile is designed for launch from ship to land
based targets.
(viii) Anti-Tank Missile: An anti-tank missile is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy
heavily-armored tanks and other armored fighting vehicles. Anti-tank missiles could be launched from
aircraft, helicopters, and tanks and also from shoulder mounted launcher.
On the basis of Range:
This type of classification is based on maximum range achieved by the missiles. The basic classification
is as follows:
(I) Short Range Missile
(ii) Medium Range Missile
(iii) Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
(iv) Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
On the basis of Propulsion:
(I) Solid Propulsion: Solid fuel is used in solid propulsion. Generally, the fuel is aluminum powder. Solid
propulsion has the advantage of being easily stored and can be handled in fuelled condition. It can reach
very high speeds quickly. Its simplicity also makes it a good choice whenever large amount of thrust is
needed.

(ii) Liquid Propulsion: The liquid propulsion technology uses liquid as fuel. The fuels are hydrocarbons.
The storage of missile with liquid fuel is difficult and complex. In addition, preparation of missile takes
considerable time. In liquid propulsion, propulsion can be controlled easily by restricting the fuel flow by
using valves and it can also be controlled even under emergency conditions. Basically, liquid fuel gives
high specific impulse as compared to solid fuel.
(ii) Hybrid Propulsion: There are two stages in hybrid propulsion solid propulsion and liquid
propulsion. This kind of propulsion compensates the disadvantages of both propulsion systems and has
the combined advantages of the two propulsion systems.
(iii) Ramjet: A ramjet engine does not have any turbines unlike turbojet engines. It achieves compression
of intake air just by the forward speed of the air vehicle. The fuel is injected and ignited. The expansion of
hot gases after fuel injection and combustion accelerates the exhaust air to a velocity higher than that at
the inlet and creates positive push. However, the air entering the engine should be at supersonic speeds.
So, the aerial vehicle must be moving in supersonic speeds. Ramjet engines cannot propel an aerial
vehicle from zero to supersonic speeds.
(iv) Scramjet: Scramjet is an acronym for Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. The difference between
scramjet and ramjet is that the combustion takes place at supersonic air velocities through the engine. It
is mechanically simple, but vastly more complex aerodynamically than a jet engine. Hydrogen is normally
the fuel used.
(v) Cryogenic: Cryogenic propellants are liquefied gases stored at very low temperatures, most
frequently liquid hydrogen as the fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. Cryogenic propellants require
special insulated containers and vents which allow gas to escape from the evaporating liquids. The liquid
fuel and oxidizer are pumped from the storage tanks to an expansion chamber and injected into the
combustion chamber where they are mixed and ignited by a flame or spark. The fuel expands as it burns
and the hot exhaust gases are directed out of the nozzle to provide thrust.
On the basis of Warhead:
(I) Conventional Warhead: A conventional warhead contains high energy explosives. It is filled with a
chemi al explosive and relies on the detonation of the explosive and the resulting metal casing
fragmentation as kill mechanisms.
(ii) Strategic Warhead: In a strategic warhead, radioactive materials are present and when triggered they
exhibit huge radio activity that can wipe out even cities. They are generally designed for mass
annihilation.
On the basis of Guidance Systems:

(I) Wire Guidance: This system is broadly similar to radio command, but is less susceptible to electronic
counter measures. The command signals are passed along a wire (or wires) dispensed from the missile
after launch.
(ii) Command Guidance: Command guidance involves tracking the projectile from the launch site or
platform and transmitting commands by radio, radar, or laser impulses or along thin wires or optical fibers.
Tracking might be accomplished by radar or optical instruments from the launch site or by radar or
television imagery relayed from the missile.
(iii) Terrain Comparison Guidance: Terrain Comparison (TERCOM) is used invariably by cruise
missiles. The system uses sensitive altimeters to measure the profile of the ground directly below and
checks the result against stored information.
(iv) Terrestrial Guidance: This system constantly measures star angles and compares them with the
pre-programmed angles expected on the missiles intended trajectory. The guidance system directs the
control system whenever an alteration to trajectory is required.
(v) Inertial Guidance: This system is totally contained within the missile and is programmed prior to
launch. Three accelerometers, mounted on a platform space-stabilized by gyros, measure accelerations
along three mutually perpendicular axes; these accelerations are then integrated twice, the first
integration giving velocity and the second giving position. The system then directs the control system to
preserve the pre-programmed trajectory. These systems are used in the surface-to-surface missiles and
in cruise missiles.
(vi) Beam Rider Guidance: The beam rider concept relies on an external ground or ship-based radar
station that transmits a beam of radar energy towards the target. The surface radar tracks the target and
also transmits a guidance beam that adjusts its angle as the target moves across the sky.
(vii) Laser Guidance: In laser guidance, a laser beam is focused on the target and the laser beam
reflects off the target and gets scattered. The missile has a laser seeker that can detect even miniscule
amount of radiation. The seeker provides the direction of the laser scatters to the guidance system. The
missile is launched towards the target, the seeker looks out for the laser reflections and the guidance
system steers the missile towards the source of laser reflections that is ultimately the target.
(viii) RF and GPS Reference: RF (Radio Frequency) and GPS (Global Positioning System) are
examples of technologies that are used in missile guidance systems. A missile uses GPS signal to
determine the location of the target. Over the course of its flight, the weapon uses this information to send
commands to control surfaces and adjusts its trajectory. In a RF reference, the missile uses RF waves to
locate the target.

List of Indian Missiles

General Awareness

Missile Name
Astra Missile
K-100

Origin
India
Russia &
India

Type
Air-to-air missiles
Air-to-Air Missiles

Range
60 80 km

Speed
Mach 4 +

Medium Range air-to-air missile 300400 km Mach 3.3

Surface-To-Air Missiles
Medium-range surface-to-air
Akash Missile
India
missile
Long Range surface to air
Barak 8
Israel/India
Missile
Defense Missile
Prithvi Air Defense
Exeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic
India
(PAD)
missile
Advanced Air Defense
Endoatmospheric Anti-ballistic
India
(AAD)
missile
Prithvi Defense
Exeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic
India
Vehicle (PDV)
missile
Cruise Missiles
Subsonic cruise missile(Ship,
Nirbhay
India
submarine, aircraft and land)
Russia &
Supersonic cruise missile(Ship,
BrahMos
India
submarine, aircraft and land)
Hypersonic cruise missile(Ship,
BrahMos II
India
submarine, aircraft and land)
Surface-to-surface missiles
Medium-range ballistic missile
Agni-I
India
(MRBM)
Intermediate-range ballistic
Agni-II
India
missile(IRBM)
Intermediate-range ballistic
Agni-III
India
missile(IRBM)
Intermediate-range ballistic
Agni-IV
India
missile(IRBM)
Intercontinental ballistic
Agni-V
India
missile(ICBM)
Prithvi I
India
Short Range Ballistic

30-35km

Mach 2.5
to 3.5

100 km

Mach 2

Altitude80km
Altitude30km
Altitude120km

Mach 5+
Mach 4.5

1,000 -1500
Mach 0.8
km
Mach 2.8
290 km
to 3 Mach
300km

Mach 7

700-1250 km Mach 7.5


2,0003,000
Mach 12
km
3,500 km
56 km/s
5,000 km
3,000 4,000
Mach 7
km
5000
Mach 24
8000Km
150 km

Prithvi II
Dhanush
Prahaar(Pragati)
Shaurya

Missile(Tactical)
Short Range Ballistic
India
Missile(Tactical)
Short Range Ballistic
India
Missile(Tactical)
Short Range Ballistic
India
Missile(Tactical)
Medium-Range Ballistic Missile
India
(MRBM)
Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles

Sagarika (K-15)

India

Ballistic Missile

K-4

India

Ballistic Missile

K-5

India

Nag

India

Ballistic Missile
Anti-Tank Missile
Anti-Tank Guided Missile

India

Anti-Tank Guided Missile

Helina(HELIcopter
launched NAg)

350 km
350 600 km
150 km

Mach 2.03

750 to 1,900
Mach 7.5
km
700
Mach 7+
1900Km
3,5005,000
Mach 7+
km
6,000 km
4km
7-8km

230 m/s

Nicknames of famous Personalities

General Awareness

S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

Nickname
Akbar of Kashmir
Andhra Kesari
Anna
Babuji
Banga bandhu
Bard of Avon
Bengal Kesari

Person
Jainul Abdin
T. Prakasam
C.N. Annadurai
Jagjeevan Ram
Sheikh Mujibut Rahman
William Shakespeare
Ashutosh Mukherji
Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin
Bengali Tiger,Punjab Kesari,Lal, Bal
Chandra Pal
Bihar Kesari
Dr. Srikrishna Singh
Bihar Vibhuti
Dr. Anugrah Narayan Singh
Bird man of India
Salim Ali
C. R. / Rajaji
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
Chacha,Pandit ji
Jawaharlal Nehru
Deen bandhu
C.F. Andrews
Desert Fox
Gen Ervin Rommel
Desh bandhu
Chitta Ranjan Das
Desh Ratna, Ajatshatru
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Deshpriya
Yatindra Mohan Sengupta
Enlightened One
Lord Buddha
Father of English Poetry
Geoffery Chaucer
Father of Gujarat
Ravi Shankar Maharaj
Father of Medicine
Hippocrates
Father of the Local Self-Government Lord Rippon
Father of the Nation,Bapu,Mahatma Mahatma Gandhi
Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Fuehrer
Adolf Hitler
G.B.S
George Bernard Shaw
Grand Old man of Britain
Willium E. Gladstone
Grand Old man of India
Dadabhai Naoroji
Grand old man of Indian Journalism Tushar Kanti Ghosh
Grandfather of Indian Films
Dhundiraj Govind Phalke
Guruji
M.S. Golvalkar

33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74

Haryana Hurricane
II Duce
Indian Einstein
Jana Nayak
King Maker
King Maker of Indian History
Kuvempu
Lady with the lamp
Li-Kwan
Little Corporal,Man of Destiny
Little Master
Lokmanya
Loknayak
Machiavelli of India
Magician of Hockey
Mahamana, Prince of Beggars
Maid of Orleans
Maiden Queen
Man of Blood and Iron
Man of Peace
Martin Luther of India
Morning Star of India Renaissance
Mother
Mysore Tiger
Napoleon of India
Neta Ji, Patriot of Patriots
Nightingale of India
Parrot of India, Tota-e-hind
Poets Poet
Prince of Autobiography
Prince of Builders
Prince of Martyrs, Sahid-e-Azam
Prince of Money Makers
Prince of Pilgrims
Punjab Kesari
Quaid-I-Azam
Rajashree
Sage of Kanchi
Scourage of God
Shakespeare of India
Sher-e-Kashmir,Lion of Kashmir
Sparrow

Kapil Dev
Benito Mussolini
Nagarjuna
Karpuri Thakur
Earl of Warwick
Sayyed Bandhu
K.V. Puttappa
Florence Nightinga
Pearl Buck
Napoleon Bonaparte
Sunil Gavaskar
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Jayaprakash Narayan
Chanakya
Dhyanchand
Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya
Joan of Arc
Queen Elizabeth I
Otto Van Bismark
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Dayanand Saraswati
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Mother Teresa
Tippu Sultan
Samudra Gupta
Subhash Chandra Bose
Sarojini Naidu
Amir Khushro
Edmund Spencer
Babur
Shahjahan
Bhagat Singh
Muhammad bin Tughlaq
Hiuen Tsang
Lala Lajpat Rai
Md. Ali Jinnah
Purushottam Das Tandon
Sankaracharya
Chengiz khan
Mahakavi Kalidas
Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah
Major General Rajinder Singh

75
76
77
78
79
80
81

Strong (Iron) Man of India


Swar Kokila
Tau
Udanpari
Uncle Ho
Vishwa Kavi,Kaviguru,Gurudev
Young Turk

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel


Lata Mangeshkar
Chaudhury Devi Lal
P.T. Usha
Ho Chi Minh
Rabindranath Tagore
Chandra Shekhar

Large Dams in India Complete List

General Awareness

Large dams of India


Note: Dam list taken from Water Resources Information System of India(india-wris.nrsc.gov.in)

S.No Dam Name


1

River

Tehri Dam Bhagirathi


Lakhwar
Yamuna
Dam
Idukki Dam Periyar

Bhakra Dam Satluj

5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Pakal Dul
Dam
Sardar
Sarover
Gujarat Dam
Srisailam
(N.S.R.S.P)
Dam
Ranjit Sagar
Dam
Baglihar
Dam
Chemera I
Dam
Cheruthoni
(Eb) Dam

Uttarakhand 204

451

580

Kerala
Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu &
Kashmir

169

366

1996.3

167

305

0.1254

Narmada

Gujarat

163

1210

9500

Krishna

Andhra
Pradesh

145

512

8722

Ravi

Punjab

145

617

3.28

143

364.362 428.28

140

295

Marusudar

CHENAB
Ravi
Cheruthoni

12

Pong Dam

13

Jamrani Dam Gola


Subansiri
Lower HE Subansiri
(Nhpc) Dam
Ramganga
Ramganga
Dam

14
15

Storage
Height Length
State
capacity
(m)
(m)
(MCM)
Uttarakhand 260.5 575
3540

Beas

Jammu &
Kashmir
Himachal
Pradesh
Kerala

167.64 518.16

138.38 651

391.3
1996.3

Himachal
132.59 1950.7 8570
Pradesh
Uttarakhand 130.6 465
208.6
Arunachal
Pradesh

130

284

1365

Uttarakhand 127.5 630

2448

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38

Nagarjuna
Krishna
Sagar Dam
Kakki (Eb)
Kakki
Dam
Nagi Dam
Nagi
Salal
(Rockfill And
Chenab
Concrete )
Dam
Lakhya Dam Lakhya hole
Sholayar
Sholayar
Dam
Koyna Dam Koyna
Idamalayar
Idamalayar
(Eb) Dam
Supa Dam Kali Nadi
Karjan Dam Karjan
Kulamavu
Kilivillithode
(Eb) Dam
Koteshwar
Bhagirathi
Dam
Lower :
PPSP Dam
Doyang Hep
Doyang
Dam
Rihand Dam Rihand
Indira Sagar
(NHDC)
Narmada
Dam
Warna Dam Varna
Bhatsa and
Bhatsa Dam
chorna
Pillur Dam Bhavani
Upper
Kodayar
Kodayar
Dam
Minimata
(Hasdeo)
Hasdeo
Bango Dam
Jakham Main Jakham
Dam
(mahi)
Teesta -V
Teesta
(NHPC) Dam

Andhra
Pradesh

124.66 4865

Kerala

116.13 336.19 455.02

Bihar

113.5 1884

10.8029

Jammu &
Kashmir

113

487

28.5

Karnataka

108

1048

273.79

11561.3

Tamil Nadu 105.16 1244.18 152.7


Maharashtra 103.02 807.72 2980.68
Kerala

102

373

1089.8

Karnataka
Gujarat

101
100

331.29 4178
903
630

Kerala

100

385

1996.3

Uttarakhand 97.5

300.5

88.9

West Bengal 95

310

16

Nagaland

92

462

565

Uttar
Pradesh

91.46 932

10600

Madhya
Pradesh

91.4

654

12200

Maharashtra 88.8

1580

974.188

Maharashtra 88.5

959

976.1

Tamil Nadu 88

357

44.4

Tamil Nadu 88

166

98.51

Chhattisgarh 87

554.5

3417

Rajasthan

87

253

142.02

Sikkim

86.8

176.5

13.5

39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Lower
Ghatghar
Dam
Kallada
(Parappar) Kallada
(Id) Dam
Madupetty
Palar
(Eb) Dam
Parbati II
Parbati
Dam
Chakra Dam Chakra
Bandardhara
Paravara
Dam
Lower
Vaitarna
Vaitarna Dam
Ukai Dam
Tapi
Upper Aliyar
Aliyar
Dam
Aruna Dam Aruna
Upper
Bhavani
Bhavani Dam
Podagada
Podagada
Dam

Maharashtra 86.14 449

3.21

Kerala

85.35 335

524

Kerala

85.34 237.74 55.23

Himachal
Pradesh
Karnataka

85

101.5

6.55

84

570

222.6

Maharashtra 82.35 2717

312.6

Maharashtra 82

567.07 204.98

Gujarat

4927

7497

315

81

Tamil Nadu 81

Maharashtra 80.41 1240

93.378

Tamil Nadu 80

419

101.2

462

2300

77.5

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