“How am Lto become a woman in an American vein?”: Transformations of gender performance in second language learning Aneta Pavienko 1, Introduction Recently, ave argued elsewhere tha succesful second language (2) eae ing by adult amigrans ives, above all, ageney anda 4 conseqneace, ‘discursive asiiltion’, eposionng and slttsltion (Polen 1998 Paveako and Lani 200), "SelCarenlto’ sin his view, eerste ce ‘errction of one's subjeetvities im andr to poston onset in nw comm niles of practice and “men” nthe new envronmeat since "he psson can ‘only bea meaningful nity, both hime or elt ad o other by being rea in ems ofthe eaconrses avaiable nha society" (Burt 199% 142) this popes, aes one aspect ofthis dscursive (econstuction of iden, ‘y= transformation of gender performance sitting it iin «language socialization perspective ta view second langusge leaning san eset social process, whereby the relaionship between th lean nd the leaning ontext dynamic and constaly changing (Pele 1999). Since ger Went ia social and cultural coms, societal conceptions of normative masculinies and feminine may ier crose-culturly nd thus fead © modicaions of previous models acoing tothe new eam anes, Calta change in immigrant and refuges lava comet tity understandings of gender role ate well documented in the erature on immigrant women (Bul 1993; Gabaecin 1998; Gordon 1995; Hegde 1998 chic 1992) and refugee communities (Camino and Krull! 1994; Cole spin, and Rotblum 1992; Ledgersood 1990), Krulleld (1994) suggest tht ienmigrns’ gender concep oes, and behaviors are mos ily to changin the areas of greats sculaton within the dominant soit forse in the United States, fr insance his change may etal reeonceptualztion of terol of ender inedction and employment). The mediation wl also be ‘mented by individual’ race, ethno, clas, and sexu, as well a9 by ener ideologies inthe communes in question The changes in gender oles ‘the proces of eulural adaption may lead tensions an diffe ineations between me and women inthe minasiy community, between spouses, ‘esween pares and hen a onda concerns and anit the {urd 0 proessioal and socal stata (Renson 1994, Gordon 1995, Katfed 1994; Ledgerwoat 1990; Lieb 199) ‘The sy of gender us an portant constitutive spect of immigrant ad refage experience isa elavely new eldtcame tog onlin the lt dc ‘le unde he inflvence of feminist and postmodernist econcepalzatons of istry and sociology So fr, changes in ndiviual and commit views of fender roles have ben explored with gd avaible sujet postions, mle relaonships, parent-child eatonshipe, and employment (Bul 1993 mine and Krull 1994; Cole. Espn. and Roiblum 1992: Gabacis 194; Gordon 195; Hegde 1998 Ledgerwood 1990 Listich 1993), While ae -nonlcaging the imporance of language tery for asian in om 2 sity. non ofthe ste so far have considered language lang a sopra !eaof concern On the ether han, esting iterate on second language a ‘son, bilingvalism and geade (Burton, Dyson, a Arner 199, Ech 1997) docs focus on language leasing and we as mediated by gender, ut has ot et considered what possible wansformatons may occ in discourses of [oses sth tiempo oceapy new gendered saben positions. Tos, while scknowledging oer important epets of pre ansformation edison of which can Be found i th erature on migrant experience, ny sy fo "uses on changes the discursive perfomance of gender nthe paces af se land langue socnization, 2. ‘Theoretical framework ‘The present works informed by feminist parti perspectives wich ‘mphasize the consitune role of lagusge, sigesting that 1 the speech ‘communities hat produce gendered sles, whl individuals make accommo ‘ations to those ste inthe process of prodcing hemlet gendeed sa jess (Cameron 1996). Ass res, ho ei intuay an open gun wt sing oaser depen pen be [ior ade oalabe no's oun a tec psa ‘ihn hone pros th ses Bough ni we make see 90 On ans (hen Ives. Davie ad Hane 199035), Tunormaion of pender performance in secon angus learting 138 From this wewpoin, it comes as suprise tht rasan to deren cu- tur, diferent sores may volves change in how oneview and performs seer. This is notio say tht gender performance within parla Society Predetermined, but point ot thatthe range of eubjectiviesvalated within ach community, saber, or cule is ukimately limited ~ even though onstaly nego apd eeconsite, The sumption of linked ange of ‘rulable subjective sof crucial iporance hee ae & theory of multiple fagmented, ad Did dente that doesnot dtinguih between ange of fom 1-0, ‘roy de Hemant 1997" Pasco bs: Ambiakaes a alent nh stings of chard Rodriguez and VS. Nagel wBlgrphy Sb 12 2, "sie. Bui Oia ed) 1993" Miran Women: Crsig Rounds and Charging Mente. Oka) Prove Beg, 1995" Ar nvdacon to Soil Cosco, London York: Rolede Sun, Pasting, Kea Kashar Dynan hit Arden 1994 Bling! Women: Antopoegial Approaces We Second Language Ue Oxfamonidne: Be. ate ate 19590" Gener Tone Femi andthe ubersan of ent, Landon: Rut 196 Thelangunge gender ere: Chaban co option tn Bera, Ve tora, ae ing and Alice ds) enn Language ad Geer Reseach Theory and Pracice Lone: Lg, 3-53 Com, Lin a Ru Ke os) 198 Reconstructing Live, Repti Meaning: Rue Hei, Gender (ind Cua Change as Gao ad Breach Der 2100 Sere Lang a age a Dangah, Mert Nin Arms ed), Becoming ‘Areca Persona say by Pa Geran Inman Woes, Ne AGE Meri, 2128ol, Ova Epi, an ser Ron ot) 1552” Refgee Wane and hey Meal Hea: Share Scie, Share Liter New Yo angen Pah Pes avin, City 1999)" 36 Vow of xn Fas On dig Mate npn. New Yr: Dut, avs, Bron nd Rom Hane 1990 Ponnig: Te cure roacton sles. Jornal fo the Teer of Sell Beior 3043-63 orn, et "998 Hoang Suh, Lokng North A Baguley. New Yor Fata, Stans Os ha, Sut 1997 Gener svc practice Impl fr sci lngage sequin. ‘Stes Second Langage heuton 9, 21-18, aca Dec 1954" Prom the Or Side: Women, Gender, and nian Life in te US. 182.1990, Basing IN Idan Dare es, onic, Dag 1995 hing padres ne eetaration ret Unvrty of Peony ua Worn Papers ie Ecol ings i 50-8, rosea, Fis 1998 Shing nga: Methodologies an concept isms Bling: “Language and Copuiion 1, 118. eg, Raa TWOR Swinging heaps: Te neptation identity ane Asin ain gran women he Unie Stat In Tan, ols nd Alene Gon {ar (che, Communication and Ide Acros Cates ead On See 34-55, Het, Cava 198 Wing Woman’ Life New Yok: Battie Books eck Merane 1996 "Phtuesofsiplaod gtod In Bummer, Anh) Diplaemens Clint Ides it Qneron.Blomingin, iN ids Unie Pro 189 Trrsjomations of ede performance inseond langage ening 71 oti va 1989 Lon in Tralator: A Life na Now Langue, New Yak: Daton Trench Lenon: A Menai Cag f.ndon Ts Unviy of Chiago Pree. 2000 Bey dis. In Dagon, Mas Nan An 6), Becoming Aer ‘con Persona say by Fst Generation Ion Warce, Now Tek pein, 11-125, ings, Mase Hoag 1913 The Woman Worn: Memar fs Gthan Amang Gots. New Yr inage Boks. ‘sch, liad Wan Shan Ea Lam 999" Tex ies The portance of rng orate fn Brie, ces (oon ative Edam Blk Largage Tenchi. Mata, NI {sree Eton Asie 5172, sel, Rath 1994 Bais, mean an age: Renee ender in Lap ei commun Caio, Linda an Rat Kall (le), Resonant Ing Live, Revptring Meaning Refuge etn, Cede and Cale ‘Change Base Codon and ech abst, 91-7 200 Dhasnbing Hee Danguah Mesi NimArms (el, Becoming Arico: Fron Esa by Fs Generation Ionia Wome Net or Hype 12-137 espero, ody 190 Changing Khmer Conceptions of Gender: Women, Sts ante Sci ‘Onder PLD. san, Cosel Unversty. Liki, ia 199 Looking atts Na, 21: New grant rm Rosi oan Joven: Rates and Amis Leh es) The Marae Say of hes. aI Nebr Pak Sos, 92-108. Lede, coe 1993" Life Soe New Yok: Oxon! Unneniy Pres.172 Aneta Potent ppt, Rosi 1991" Enalh wih an Accent: Language, ogy, an Dicrinatn i th Une States Londo: Rote Loch, Natasha 1997" The Malina Se nur io Language Lari, Mahwah NI ‘Lawrence Ethan Aseria Ma. oe 1999 Paper Daugher: A Memoir: New Yor: Harper Calis ushers Meier. Mary 139K" Contractve ma consti challenges or plied ings, Lan ge Leaning A 591-823, Mos, Kako 1897” “Puli Lic: On Bing a Woman Caught heron Te CaaretNw York ey He and Company, Beconing Midwest In Dana, Masi NaneAma (et, Recming ‘Aeris: Pacoal Ese by Ft Genera nora Memen Ne “York Hyped, 38-145, Opin, Kren "998 Onna Rash Lite A Woman): De Diary of Langue Laer ix Sopan. aay, NY SUNY Pres, Pen, Asta 1998 Second igang aig by as esi of igs wie shes Ape Ligases 1,1, {2001 Langugeeing mei gendred poe Api Ling 2,2 asa ‘mpees 4 “nthe wrth on was imag" mgt ets In costal aubiogngiee The Inereaoal Journal of Bi Inyessd-Soveemomle cuales and dace contin of wos en ‘Sern pa Soviet cousin Keen Mil snd Moi ses (te), hcl Eastern Euopeen Managemen: Cur tes tnd Fe Pole, Ant sh ames Lan ‘sn00 "Second angane lexing as pon and he fkentrcon of sete. Lan mes P(e) Sac! They and Second Lan nate Learn, New Yo Oxford Unbenty Pre, 8-17 Trngormaion of gender prfmancein econ language lereng 173 Pele, anny Norn "995 Sec. nggsleing TESOL Quart. olay Lv 1988 Language eng nd tving sro: Sti fi el a Feed, Bat tar), Second Langage Aquson na Staly Aad Cnt Arm teran/Piledepi: on Benin, 27¢291, ey, ie Recling chil Octobe a Danish Me Nan Ae) Becoming ‘American: Perna Bo by Fist entrain Iga Wome, Nee “or Hyper, 146-155, Roiigue, Rika 19RD Hone of emer: The Education of chant Rerigne: Net Yo: Ba Rosi, Nety 2000" On becoming ta Dang Mes Nant Are (Becoming American Pesoal Eng by Fst Generation barns Won, Ne Yo ion, 16-16 Sin, Ue Marae 200 "Now the tine oy sametig~ bat ve ge iter In Dang, Mes Nase Aa (e), ecomig Antica: Personal stay by aster. rin grat Wann Nee gen, 165118, Suan, 1997 The nouohinogy of et Language aang supe Sioa, anes Wie.” Jer Kashi Baap Pane Bok Sih, Sidi BETA Por Womens Aabionapy: Marina adhe ion of Sf ‘Represnnton Bloomington Ilda ier Ps. 1985 "The Phosophers Dens: Learning French, Coals: ier iy of Moa Pree,18 Anta Pave eels, An TORS "Te due ie of biiguIn Sass, Rela ad Jerzy Zeyh (ols), Polish People ond Cure in Ausra, Cader, Asai atonal Unies, 187323, 1997 Te dole fe of ing A oe ul prec. a Bon, Mi oc). Morin athe Interface of Cale Eghen Lives naa Scion, Loon Rte, 12125 ‘omg. Ricard 1999” Sccinguisie proaches SLA. Anal Review of pled Linge aos (Re}constructing masculinity in a new linguistic reality Marya Teutsch-Dwyer 1. Introduction ‘Some ofthe recat work on masclinity poposs that mens detties have be- ‘come mare problematic a areal of changes in society (all 199, Johnson ‘nd Meiabot 1997), Gender oes, within the portstortuli view, hav came tote regarded as socialy constructed, Dud, nd varible, with boundais oot 1 fixed as has bean popularly believed (eg Berpvll, lag ni reed 1996), “More impor, masculinity © no longs viewed asthe unprimed orm eguinst which female language is scruinized and. problematized (atason 1997. ‘Assuming tat variability eit in masineMentes and hat tnguge lays divergent roles inthe social construction of these deites Jokson 1997), bow s masculiny Mid and unstable when confosad wth me in ulsteadnew cultural elites? Are men subjecttopewer rations sma to ‘hose tat exited in te fis language cvirnment? What role door sooo language aeqisition play in gender relation snd masculine enities? Few of ‘these question have ben ntessed i he research ieratore ao fr (bt See Pavenko’s chapter, Generally penking despite the new approach o earch fon zener and second language aequision, le lemers as opposed oe ‘ale peer —have received relatively marginal attention so far One wonders wha ate the reasons behind this sbviow ayant. Ist the cotauation !mang researcher ofthe tation that men and mavlnty ae to tested as ‘he nom aginst which women en femininity an female ingusc practices eed ob sruinied? Ot poops, the fc tha he social pressures and ‘ocial expectations “slow” men fom diag thei ine fares and ‘iblations, including those associated with second language lang thas ‘aking ferae informants more acosible and mare informative? We may ever Bnd out ‘nan atempt to bring sore symueuy to research on gener and second languige acuision tis chap focues on one male's anguage development ne ingusie and scial ely. The research ess are based ont ch