water
Alternative names
Molecular formula
H 2O
Molar mass
18.0153 g/mol
Melting point
0C (273.15 K) (32F)
Boiling point
4184 J/(kg.K)
Vaporization
(liquid)
Condensation
(solid)
Boiling point
(gas)
Boiling = Mendidih
Terjadi di bagian atas, yaitu pada kedalaman < 2 km
Terjadi pemisahan 2 fasa fluida, yaitu air dan uap
Unsur non-volatil (Cl, SiO2) tinggal di air
Unsur volatil/gas (CO2, H2) berada pada fasa uap
290oC
1000 m
area
ental
contin
in
e
c
d surfa
Groun
Hydrogeology of Volcanic-Hydrothermal
System
pH H2O
pH H2O vs Temperatur
pH adalah fungsi dari Konstanta Disosiasi Air (KwH2O)
H2O H+ + OH KwH2O = [H+][OH-]
-log KwH2O = -log [H+] + [ log [OH-]] pKwH2O = pH + pOH
Temperature ( C)
H2O
H2CO3
10
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
14.94
14.54
13.99
13.27
12.71
12.26
11.91
11.64
11.44
11.30
11.22
11.20
11.22
11.30
6.57
6.47
6.36
6.29
6.32
6.42
6.57
6.77
6.99
7.23
7.49
7.75
8.02
8.29
H2S
7.45
7.23
6.98
6.72
6.61
6.61
6.68
6.81
6.98
7.17
7.38
7.60
7.82
8.05
NH4
10.08
9.74
9.24
8.54
7.94
7.41
6.94
6.51
6.13
5.78
5.45
5.15
4.87
4.61
H4SiO4
10.28
10.00
9.82
9.50
9.27
9.10
8.97
8.67
8.65
8.85
8.89
8.96
9.07
9.22
H3BO3
9.50
9.39
9.23
9.08
9.00
8.95
8.93
6.94
8.98
9.03
9.11
9.22
9.35
9.51
HF
2.96
3.05
3.18
3.40
3.64
3.85
4.09
4.34
4.59
4.89
5.30
5.72
6.20
6.80
HSO4
HCl
-
HCO3
1.70
1.81
1.99
2.30
2.64
2.99
3.35
3.73
4.11
4.51
4.90
5.31
5.72
6.13
-0.26
-0.24
-0.20
-0.14
-0.06
0.03
0.14
0.25
0.37
0.50
0.66
0.84
1.06
1.37
10.63
10.49
10.33
10.17
10.13
10.16
10.25
10.39
10.57
10.78
11.02
11.29
11.58
11.89
TDS:
Problems become significant when TDS values exceed ~100,000 mg/kg
Up to a TDS content of 40,000 mg/kg, the higher the salinity, the waters
tend to be less alkaline than very low salinity waters
Gas Content
Magmatic gases: H2O, CO2, HCl, SO2 (oxidation), H2S (reduction)
CO2 and H2S can rise to the top of a steam zone and become
dissolved in groundwater to give a hot acidic solution. (see acidity)
Thermal features with high gas content seem to be fed fairly directly
from depth that calcite (CaCO3) and anhydrite (CaSO4) should be
anticipated.
Solubilitas Air
antara
Unsur-unsur terlarut
Lebih banyak berada di larutan dibanding dalam mineral
Tidak mudah bereaksi = unsur konservatif
mis. Cl, B, Li dan Br
2. Kedalaman < 2 km
pH strong acid