Anda di halaman 1dari 4

Chapter10ProbabilityCoreVocabulary:

Probabilityexperiment:Anexperimentortrialisanyprocedure
thatcanbeinfinitelyrepeatedandhasawelldefinedsetof
possibleoutcomes,knownasthesamplespace

Outcome:Apossibleresultofaprobabilityexperiment

Event:Twoeventsaredependentiftheoutcomeoroccurrenceof
thefirstaffectstheoutcomeoroccurrenceofthesecondsothatthe
probabilityischanged.

Samplespace:thesetofallpossibleoutcomesofthatexperiment.

Probabilityofanevent:definedasthenumberofoutcomes
favourabletoEdividedbythetotalnumberofequallylikely
outcomesinthesamplespaceSoftheexperiment

Theoreticalprobability:thenumberofwaysthattheeventcanoccur,
dividedbythetotalnumberofoutcomes.

Geometricprobability:probabilityofgeometricdistributions

Experimentalprobability:referstotheprobabilityofanevent
occurringwhenanexperimentwasconducted.

Independentevents:Twoevents,AandB,areindependentifthe
factthatAoccursdoesnotaffecttheprobabilityofBoccurring

Dependentevents:Theoutcomeofchoosingthefirstcardhas
affectedtheoutcomeofchoosingthesecondcard,makingthese
eventsdependent

Conditionalprobability:theprobabilityofanevent(A),giventhat
another(B)hasalreadyoccurred

Twowaytable:Atwowaytableofcountsorganizesdata
abouttwocategoricalvariables.Valuesoftherowvariable
labeltherowsthatrunacrossthetable,andvaluesofthe
columnvariablelabelthecolumnsthatrundownthetable

CompoundEvent:Probabilitiesoftwoormorethingshappeningat
once

OverlappingEvents:setsarethosewhichhavesomeelementsincommon

DisjointEvents:theprobabilitythateitheroftheeventsoccursisthe
sumoftheprobabilitiesoftheevents

Mutuallyexclusiveevents:Twoeventsaremutuallyexclusiveifthey
cannotoccuratthesametime


Permutation:relatestotheactofrearranging,orpermuting,allthe
membersofasetintosomesequenceororder

Nfactorial:thefactorialofanonnegativeintegern,denotedbyn!,
istheproductofallpositiveintegerslessthanorequalton

Combination:isawayofselectingseveralthingsoutofalargergroup,
whereorderdoesnotmatter

BinomialTheorem:aformulaforfindinganypowerofabinomialwithout
multiplyingatlength

RandomVariable:aquantityhavinganumericalvalueforeachmemberof
agroup,especiallyonewhosevaluesoccuraccordingtoafrequency
distribution.

ProbabilityDistribution:afunctionofadiscretevariablewhoseintegralover
anyintervalistheprobabilitythattherandomvariablespecifiedbyitwilllie
withinthatinterval.

ProbabilityoftheComplementofanEvent:consistsofalloftheoutcomesthat
arenotinacertainevent

ExperimentalProbabilities:theratioofthenumberoftimesanevent
occurstothetotalnumberoftrialsortimestheactivityisperformed.


ProbabilityofIndependentEvents:Twoevents,AandB,areindependentifthefactthat
AoccursdoesnotaffecttheprobabilityofBoccurring.Someotherexamplesof
independenteventsare:LandingonheadsaftertossingacoinANDrollinga5ona
single6sideddie.
ProbabilityofDependentEvents:Twoeventsaredependentiftheoutcomeor
occurrenceofthefirstaffectstheoutcomeoroccurrenceofthesecondsothatthe
probabilityischanged.

FindingConditionalProbabilities:conditionalprobabilitiescanbecomputeddirectly,by
effectivelyreducingthesamplespacetothegivenevent.Inothercases,theformulain
themathematicaldefinitionisbetter.Insomecases,conditional
probabilitiesareknownfrommodelingassumptions,andthenare
usedtocomputeotherprobabilities

MakingTwoWayTables:avisualrepresentationofthepossible
relationshipsbetweentwosetsofcategoricaldata

ProbabilityofCompoundEvents:relatingtothelikelinessoftwoindependent
eventsoccurring.Thecompoundprobabilityisequaltotheprobabilityofthefirst
eventmultipliedbytheprobabilityofthesecondevent.

Permutations:relatestotheactofrearranging,orpermuting,allthemembersofa
setintosomesequenceororder(unlikecombinations,whichareselectionsof
somemembersofthesetwhereorderisdisregarded).

Combinations:awayofselectingseveralthingsoutofalarger
group,whereorderdoesnotmatter.

Anda mungkin juga menyukai