(3)

3.
( )

 ,


,

(
.)
a

, .
2

,
.
,

.

.

.
4

:
1. ,
2.
3..

, ,

, .
,

(Diagenesis),
6

FORMIRANJE KEROGENA

 (Diagenesis),

, , ,
.
,
,
(geopolymers).
.

 Diagenesis
"

(lithification),


[1]
9


Diagenesis

,
,

, e
(lithification).

10

()
(metamorphism).

,

.
11

12

,



.
13

(macerals),
.
.

, , ,
.
- ICCP

14

, (spores, cuticles,
suberine), ,
/ (). ,
,
(Tissot and Welte, 1984; Taylor et al., 1998; Wilkins and George, 2002).

15



,
(Taylor et al., 1998; ICCP,
2001).
.
/
,

,
(ICCP, 1971, 1998;
Skorov etal., 2005). /

16

(catagenesis metagenesis)
.

,
.
17

,
, ,
.

(: I, II, III).

T IV .

18

PODELA KEROGENA

19

 I (Sapropelic)
-

( 5
).

, .
1 ,

[10]

20

 lginite, ,
cyanobacteria, ,

H: > 1.25
O: < 0.15

21

 II (Planktonic)

, ,
,
.
- II , ,

.
,

,
,

.
22


II
,
,

.
II

.

.
23

 II

.
,
.
.

I III.

II
I, ,
, II

H: < 1.25
O: 0.03 o 0.18
24

:
Sporinite:
Cutinite:

Resinite:

,
Liptinite:

(
)

25

 III (Humic)

(terrestrial),
.
. III
II,
II.
()
H: < 1
O: 0.03 o 0.3
M , .

(
III a,
26
)

III

,
. ,
,
, ,
-
-
,
.
III ,

27

 IV (Residue)

.

.

.
.
,
28

H: < 0.5
IV

29

 I-IV,

(transmittedlightmicroscopy).

30

STVARANJE NAFTE OD
KEROGENA

31


()

, ,
.

, , (catagenesis
metagenesis) ,
.

32

,
.

,
,
.

, ,
.
33

,
, .
,

.

.
34

,
35

,

.
,
.


.

.
36

, ,

,

,
.

,

.

37

38

 catagenesis ,
metagenesis

. ,

,
.


,
.
39

40


, 2130 5500
.
, ,
.

,
150 2200C,
,
.

,
.

41



,
,
(reservoir rock).




.
42

43


,
.
,

.
,
,
,

.

44


(

/ )

,
.

45

 (, )




.

(
) ,

.

-

46

,

.
,

,
,

47

VanKrevelen (
)

:
( ) :
( ).

48


:
(HI)

TOC
HI = mg HC / g TOC

(amount of hydrocarbons
generated through thermal, cracking (mg/g) provides
the quantity of hydrocarbons that the rock has the
potential to produce through diagenesis/Total organic
carbon (TOC)

()
- TOC.

49

detector and two IR detector cells. The free

hydrocarbons (S1) are determined from an
isothermal heating of the sample at 340 degrees
Celsius. These hydrocarbons are measured by the
flame ionization detector.
The temperature is then increased from 340 to
640 degrees Celsius. Hydrocarbons are then
released from the kerogen and measured by the
flame ionization detector creating the S2 peak.
The temperature at which S2 reaches its
maximum rate of hydrocarbon generation is
referred to as Tmax.
The CO2 generated from the oxidation step in the
340 to 580 degrees Celsius is measured by the IR
cells and is referred to the S3 peak.
50


vitrinite reflectance,

,
, ,

.

.
,
,

.
51


,
, .


.


-
(electron-spinresonance).
52


, ,
.
,
,
.


.


,
.

53