Line following Robot

Simple Line Follower rob

ot
It is a simples robot that follows a line, either in a

black line or white surface or vice-versa. (decide it)

In this slide we will teach you how to make the line
follower robot move following the line combine with a
type of feedback mechanism to control the direction.
Its the basic example of small intelligence robot,
actually it focus on the designers intelligence!!
Moreover we will make this project into modular so
that it can be easily modified in future.
The main electronics components that will be used for
sensing are two LDRs, the transistors circuit are used
to drive the DC motor.

Works involve
Design the mechanism, chassis and body of
the robot (hardware) making a chassis
Know the working principle of component
able to test the component
Install and make a wiring for electronic
sensor and motor driver
Calibrate the sensing device according to
high and amount of colour receive
Test run and make some modification/adjust
if needed.

Making a Chassis
Its basically the frame of the robot on which
motors and wheels are mounted and all the
circuitry part is also placed on it.
For base, you can use any material such as
playwood, palstic or acrylic sheet of dimension
14x13cm square and thickness of 4mm for our
chassis, it can be easily available at any picture
frame shop.
Or even old toy car can be reused for the body
as what we did.

Drive Mechanism layout

We will be using a fore wheel
with a different drive using two
motors , One motor used to
drive two fix wheel and the
other motor to drive two
moveable wheel (directional
wheel). linkages
Linkages)
The Direction of the wheel
motors can be controlled by
cam
changing the rotation of the
motor. With help of cam the
linkage will turn left or right
according to the direction of
motor 2

Sensor 2
set

Motor 2

Direction wheel

Fixed wheel
Motor 1

Working Principe -Light Sensor

Particularly we used Light dependent Resistors (LDRs)

to detect black line on white surface.
The logic is simple. Left sensor will be controlling left
motor, when the sensor is on white surface motor will be
switched on else switched off, similarly right motor is
controlled by right sensor.

Motor movement and sensor

LED & LDR

Know your component - guide line

IC 7805T pin setup
LDR

Transistor
D880

diode
Variable resistance (POT)

Test the component

POT-Variable resistance

LDR

DARK sensor

Complete circuit