Kesetimbangan Asam Dan Basa
Kesetimbangan Asam Dan Basa
dalam
Asam dan Basa
Indikator
Sifat Asam
Dalam air melepaskan ion H+
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
Asam
+ Logam Garam
+ Hidrogen
CH3COOH + Mg (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
Sifat mampu melepaskan Hidrogen ini yang
mendasari sifat asam
Asam mengubah kertas litmus menjadi
merah
Sifat Basa
Dalam air melepaskan ion OH NaOH Na+ + OH Basa + Asam
Garam
+
Air
NaOH + CH3COOH CH3COONa + H2O
Listri
k
Walau Terlarut
CH3COOH maupun HCl
Listri
k
Terlarut 0,5 M
CH3COOH Asam
Lemah
Listri
k
Arrhenius:
HCl asam
Lewis:
HCl juga asam
Bronsted & Lowry:
HCl = juga asam
Yang berbeda alasannya
Saling melengkapi
Konstanta Ionisasi :
Asam (Ka) dan Basa (Kb)
HCl
H+ + Cl-
[H+] [Cl-]
Ka
[HCl]
107
>102
Ka Asam Lemah
CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
Ka =
[CH3COO- []H+ ]
[CH3COOH ]
= 1,8 x 10-5
-3
Formula Oxidati Ka
on
Number
Hypochloro
us
HClO
1+
5 x 10-8
Chlorous
HClO2
3+
1 x 10-2
Chloric
HClO3
5+
1 x 1010
Perchloric
HClO4
7+
1 x 1011
Ka Air
H 2O
H+ +
Ka =
OH-
[H+][OH- ]
[H2O]
= 1 x 10-14
= 10-14
[H+ ]
pH =
-Log[H+ pH
]
air
= 10-7
=
-7
-Log(10
)
= 7
Ka Air Kw
Air murni terurai sebagian H+ maupun OH-
pH (Power of Hydrogen)
pH = - log [H+]
Problem:
Suatu larutan, volume 200 mL,
diukur dg alat pH-meter ternyata pHnya = 5
Jika larutan diencerkan 10 x menjadi
2000 mL, berapa pH-nya sekarang?
pH (Power of Hydrogen)
pH = - log [H+]
5 = - log [H+]
5 = - (-5)
5 = - (log 10-5)
Jadi [H+] = 10-5 mole/Liter
Diencerkan 10 x,
pH Asam Kuat
Berapa pH dari larutan 0,01 M HCl?
HCl
H+ +
Cl-
pH Basa Kuat
Berapa pH dari larutan 0,01 M NaOH?
NaOH
Na+ +
OH-
pH beberapa zat
Nama Zat
pH
1 3 (Sangat asam)
Vinegar (Cuka)
2,4 3,4
Wine (Anggur)
2,8 3,8
Apples
2,9 3,3
3-4
Beer
4-5
5-8
6,3 6,6
Blood (darah)
7,3 7,5
The importance of pH
Pentingnya pH
The effectiveness of enzymes depends
very much on pH
Efektivitas enzim- sangat tergantung
pada pH tertentu
Plants grow best in soil in the right pH
range (slightly basic or acidic)
depending on the plant
Tanaman tumbuh baik pada kisaran pH
tertentu (bisa basa maupun asam)
pH Asam Lemah
Acetic acid CH3COOH memiliki Ka 1,75 x 10-5
Jika konsentrasinya 0,1 M, berapa pHnya?
CH3COOH
CH3COO- + H+
(0,1-y)
y
y
Ka =
[CH3COO-[]H+ ]
[CH3COOH]
= 1,75 x 10-5
Ka =
(y)(y)
= 1,75 x 10-5
(0,1 y)
(y2)
= 1,75 x 10-5
(0,1 y)
y2 = 1,75 x 10-6
pH = - Log1,322876+ 3
pH = - 0,121519024
+3
pH = - 0,1
+3
pH =
2,9
pH Basa Lemah
Kb =
[NH4+ ] [OH- ]
[NH4OH]
= 5,65 x 10-10
= 5,65 x 10-10
(y2)
= 5,65 x 10-10
(0,2 y)
Karena diasumsikan y sangat kecil, maka
(0,2 - y) dianggap = (0,2 - 0) = 0,2
sehingga
y2 = (1,13 x 10-10)
y
y
= (1,13 x 10-10)1/2
= (1,13 1/2) x (10-5)
= 1.063014581 x
10-5
10-5
10-14
[OH- ]
[H+] =
10-14
1.063014581 x
[H+] = (1/1,063014581) x
10-5
10-14-(-5)
[H+] = (0,940720869)
10-9)
pH = - Log(0,940720869)
- Log(10-9)
pH = - (-0,026539221) + 9
pH = +0,0
+9
pH =
9,0
Self-Test:
1.Find the pH of solution in which [H+] = 6.38 x
10-6 mol/L.
2.Calculate [H+] for a solution of pH 8.37
3.Calculate the pH of a strong base 1.0 x 10-3 M
NaOH
4.Calculate the pH of a strong base 5.0 x 10-3 M
Ba(OH)2
5.Calculate the pH of a weak acid 2.0 x 10-3 M
H2CO3 (Ka = 5.64 x 10-11)
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