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911660

SUPERVISORS USE ONLY

Level 2 Chemistry, 2012

91166 Demonstrate understanding of chemical reactivity
9.30 am Tuesday 20 November 2012
Credits: Four
Achievement

Achievement with Merit

Demonstrate understanding of chemical

reactivity.

Demonstrate in-depth understanding of

chemical reactivity.

Achievement with Excellence

Demonstrate comprehensive
understanding of chemical reactivity.

Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the
top of this page.
You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.
A periodic table is provided on the Resource Sheet L2CHEMR.
If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly
number the question.
Check that this booklet has pages 210 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.
YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

TOTAL
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New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2012. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

You are advised to spend 60 minutes answering the questions in this booklet.
QUESTION ONE
When dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), is added to sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3(aq), in a conical
flask, the following reaction occurs:
2HCl(aq) + Na2S2O3(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + SO2(g) + S(s) + H2O()
A pale yellow solid of sulfur, S(s), forms during the reaction. Over time, a cross on a piece of paper
under the conical flask gradually disappears when viewed from above.
add dilute acid
and start timing

sodium
thiosulfate
solution

(a)

a cross drawn
on paper

List TWO ways that the rate of this reaction could be decreased.

(b) The following experiments were carried out, and the times taken for the cross to disappear
recorded. The HCl(aq) was in excess in all of the experiments.
Experiment

Concentration of
50.0 mL Na2S2O3
/ mol L1

Concentration of
10.0 mL HCl /
mol L1

Temperature
/ oC

Time taken
for cross to
disappear / s

0.0500

1.00

25

127

0.0250

1.00

25

206

0.0500

1.00

45

34

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Analyse how the results of Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 compare to Experiment 1.

In your answer you should:

identify the factor being changed and the effect it has on the reaction rate

explain how the rate of reaction was affected, with reference to the collision of particles,
and activation energy where appropriate.

Experiment 2 compared to Experiment 1:

Experiment 3 compared to Experiment 1:

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QUESTION TWO

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Phosphorus pentachloride gas, PCl5(g), decomposes to form phosphorus trichloride gas, PCl3(g),
and chlorine gas, Cl2(g). The equilibrium can be represented as:
PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
(a)

Complete the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction.

Kc =

(b) The table below shows the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc at two different temperatures.

Temperature / oC

Value of Kc

200

8.00 103

350

0.612

(i)

Circle the species that will be in the highest concentration at 200C.

PCl5(g)

PCl3(g)

(ii) Explain your answer.

(iii) Calculate the concentration of PCl5 at equilibrium at 350C, if the concentrations of

PCl3 and Cl2 are both 0.352 mol L1.

Chemistry 91166, 2012

(c)

For each of the following changes applied to this system:

(i)

(ii) Justify your answers using equilibrium principles.

State if the amount of chlorine gas, Cl2(g), would increase or decrease.

PCl3(g) is removed.
Amount of Cl2(g)

Reason:

The pressure is decreased.

Amount of Cl2(g)

Reason:

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(d) When the temperature of the equilibrium system is increased from 200C to 350C (at
constant pressure), the value of Kc increases, as shown in the table in (b) on page 4.

Use this information to determine whether the decomposition of PCl5 is endothermic or

exothermic.

Justify your reasoning using equilibrium principles.

Chemistry 91166, 2012

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QUESTION THREE
(a)

(i)

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Complete the table below to show the conjugate acid-base pairs.

Conjugate acid

Conjugate base

HCO3
H 2O
CN

(ii) HPO42(aq) is a species that can act as an acid or a base.

Write equations for the reactions of HPO42 with water: one where it acts as an acid, and
one where it acts as a base.
HPO42 acting as Equation
an acid

HPO42 + H2O

a base

HPO42 + H2O

(b) A solution contains 9.56 105 mol L1 of hydroxide ions.

Calculate the concentration of hydronium ions, H3O+.

(i)

(ii) Is this solution acidic, basic or neutral at 25C?

Circle one answer.

acidic

basic

neutral

Explain your answer.

Chemistry 91166, 2012

Calculate the pH of a 0.133 mol L1 solution of hydrochloric acid.

(c)

(i)

(ii) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH], of a solution of sodium hydroxide
with a pH of 12.8.

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(d) Some properties of three aqueous solutions A, B and C, of equal concentration are shown in
the table below.
Solution

pH

5.15

11.6

1.05

Electrical conductivity

good

poor

good

The labels of the three solutions have been removed.

It is known that the solutions are NH3(aq), HCl(aq) and NH4Cl(aq).

Use the information in the table above to identify each of the three solutions and complete the
table below.
Solution

Identity of solution
(NH3(aq), HCl(aq),
or NH4Cl(aq))

Justify the identification of all three solutions.

In your answer you should:

refer to both pH and electrical conductivity of the solutions

link your answers to appropriate chemical equations.

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QUESTION
NUMBER

Extra paper if required.

Write the question number(s) if applicable.

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