Chapter III Piping Input

BAB III

PIPING INPUT
Input Spreadsheet
Node & Elements Definition
Fluida dan material pipa
Pembebanan
Tumpuan
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.1 Input Spread Sheets

Nomor
Nodal
Panjang
Element
Diameter
Weight/
Schedule

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2 Data Fields

3.2.1 Node Number

Untuk titik nodal yang pertama

diketik nomor nodal awal dari
(from) dan ke (to).
Jumlah nodal maksimum yang
dapat dimasukkan adalah 32000
Jika increment pada nodal
selanjutnya konstan, titik nodal
selanjutnya tidak perlu dimasukkan
Jika ingin kembali ke element sebelumnya
lagi cukup tekan icon Continue
tekan icon previous element

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.2 Element Length

Cara penulisan panjang element seperti
pada contoh dibawah ini :

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Chapter III Piping Input

Panjang Element :
DX
The delta X (DX) dimension defines the elements projected
length along the global X direction.
DY
The delta Y (DY) dimension defines the elements projected
length along the global Y direction.
DZ
The delta Z (DZ) dimension defines the elements projected
length along the global Z direction.

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Chapter III Piping Input

Element Offsets
Element Offsets are used to correct an
elements modeled dimensions back to its
actual dimensions.
1. Activate by double-clicking the Offsets
checkbox on the Pipe Element Spreadsheet.
Deactivate by double-clicking a second time.
2. Specify the distances from the TO nodes
position in 3-D space to the actual TO end of
the element.
3. Specify the distances from the FROM nodes
position in 3-D space to the actual FROM end
of the element.
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Chapter III Piping Input

Thermal expansion is 0 for the offset portion of an offset element. No
element flexibility
is generated for the offset portion of the element. A common usage for
the offset element
is shown in the following figure:

Offset hanya
bisa digunakan
untuk elemen
yang lurus

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.3 Pipe Section

Properties
Satuan : in

Satuan : in

Corrosion tolerance tidak

diperhitungkan dalam strength
& stiffness
Berat dari insulation thickness
secara otomatis dimasukkan
Insulation faktor 1.75
diaplikasikan ke rigid element
Mill tolerance 12.5 %, adalah batas tebal dinding
pipa boleh berkurang dari nilai nominalnya

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.3.1 Diameter
Outside diameter (D0), jika dimasukkan nominal diameter
langsung akan diubah menjadi D0

Untuk mencegah koversi ke outside diameter

turned off nominal pipe schedule pada UNITS
Contoh nominal diameter
ANSI Nominal
1 1
5
6 8 10
22 24 26 28

Pipe OD's, in inches (file ap.bin)

2 2 3
3 4
12 14 16 18 20
30 32 34 36 42

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Chapter III Piping Input

JIS Nominal Pipe ODs, in millimeters (file

jp.bin)
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90
100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400450
500 550 600 650
DIN Nominal Pipe ODs, in millimeters (file
dp.bin)
15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100
125 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600
700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
2200

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.3.2 Wt/Sch
The wall thickness/schedule field :
schedule pipa
tebal nominal pipa
The available schedules
ANSI B36.10 Steel Nominal Wall Thickness

S Standard
XS - Extra Strong
XXS - Double Extra Strong
ANSI B36.10 Steel Pipe Numbers:
10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
ANSI B36.19 Stainless Steel Schedules:
5S 10S 40S 80S

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Chapter III Piping Input

JIS PIPE SCHEDULES

1990 Steel Schedules:
10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
1990 Stainless Steel Schedules:
5S 10S 40S
DIN PIPE SCHEDULES
none
Note: Only the s (standard) schedule applies to
wall thickness calculations for DIN
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.3.3 Mill Tolerance

+Mill Tol %

The positive Mill Tolerance is used by the IGE/TD/12

code for determining the effects of increased weight
and thermal force due to a potentially thicker wall. The
user may change this value on an element by element
basis. This option is only activated when the IGE/TD/
12 code is active.
-Mill Tol %
The negative Mill Tolerance is read in from the
configuration file for use in minimum wall thickness
calculations. Also, for the IGE/TD/12 code, this value is
used in conjunction with the corrosion allowance to
calculate a reduced section modulus for use in stress
cal-culations.
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Chapter III Piping Input

Seam-Welded
This directive is only activated when the IGE/TD/12 code is active.
This is used to indicate when straight pipes are seam welded and
affects the Stress Intensification Factor calculations for that pipe
section due to Seam Welded fabrication.
3.2.3.4 Corrosion
Enter the corrosion allowance to be used order to calculate a
reduced section modulus. A setup file directive is available to
consider all stress cases as corroded.
3.2.3.5 Insul Thk (Insulation Thickness)
Enter the thickness of the insulation to be applied to the piping.
Insulation applied to the outside of the pipe will be included in the
dead weight of the system, and in the projected pipe area used
for wind load computations. If a negative value is entered for
the insulation thickness, the program
model II
refractory lined
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.4 Temperatur dan Tekanan

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.4.1 Temperatures
There are nine temperature fields, to allow up to nine
different operating cases. Temperature values are
checked (by the error checker) to insure they are
within the code allowed ranges. Users can exceed the
code ranges by entering the expansion coefficient in
the tem-perature field in units of length/length (use
<F1> to obtain more information on this sub-ject). The
expansion coefficient can be a useful method of
modeling cold spring effects. Values entered in the
temperature field whose absolute values are less than
the Alpha Tol-erance are taken to be thermal
expansion coefficients, where the Alpha Tolerance is
a configuration file parameter and is taken to be 0.05
by default. For example; if the user wanted to enter
the thermal expansion coefficient equivalent to
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Chapter III Piping Input

Note:

A cut short is no more than reducing a pipe

elements length to zero (for example; if we wanted
8.5 cm of cold spring we could put in an 8.5 cm long
element and then thermally shrink its length to zero), a
thermal expansion coefficient of -1.0 will do exactly
that. This allows cold spring to be manipulated as an
individual thermal case rather than as a concentrated
force. However, the alpha tolerance in the setup file
must be set to some number slightly larger than 1.0,
i.e.

Alpha Tolerance = 1.1

Access to operating conditions 4 through 9 is granted
through the Extended Operating Conditions input
screen, accessible via the
Ellipses
DotsIIbutton
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.4.2 Pressures
There are nine pressure fields, to allow up to nine
different pressures cases. <F1> can be used to obtain
the current input units for the pressure fields (English
default is lbs/in.2 ).
When multiple pressures are entered, the user should
be particularly careful with the setup of the analysis
load cases, and should inspect CAESAR IIs
recommendations carefully before proceeding. Access
to operating conditions 4 through 9 is granted through
the Extended Operating Conditions input screen,
accessible via the Ellipses Dots button directly to the
right of the standard Temperature and Pressure
input fields. This dialog box may be retained open or
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of theonuser.

Chapter III Piping Input

= 1.5 x diameter

3.2.5 Special Element

Information
3.2.5.1 Bend

Jumlah Potongan
pada belokan
Contoh penomoran nodal
pada belokan :

Untuk Lebih jelasnya

pada Chapter VI
Fitting thickness

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Chapter III Piping Input

Radius
CAESAR II makes the long radius bend calculation whenever a
bend is input. If the user wishes to use some other bend radius
the new bend radius can be entered in this field.
Type
For most codes, this refers to the number of attached flanges,
and can be selected from the drop list. If there are no flanges on
the bend then leave the Type f i el d blank. A bend should be
considered flanged if there is any heavy/rigid body within 2
diameters of the bend that will significantly restrict the bends
ability to ovalize. When using the BS 7159 or UKOOA Codes with
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) pipe, this entry refers to the
material laminate type, and may be 1, 2, or 3. These laminate
types are
All chopped strand mat (CSM) constructing with internal and
external surface tissue reinforced layer.
Chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR) construction
with internal and external surface tissue reinforced layer.

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3.2.5.2. Rigid dan

Expansion Joints

= 1 x berat fluida yang

mengalir di pipa + 1.75 x berat
insulasi

If the weight of a rigid element is zero or blank, CAESAR II assumes

the element is
an artificial construction element rather than an actual piping
element, so no insula-tion
or fluid weight is computed for that element. (Artificial = Weighless)

Bellow Stiffness properties (=1 untuk flexible

bellow , 1E+12 untuk rigid bellow)
Satuan untuk : tranlational stiffnes (lb/in),
rotational stiffness (in.lb/deg)
Nilai default untuk torsional stiffness adalah
0.1E+06
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Chapter III Piping Input

Chopped strand mat (CSM) and multi-filament

roving construction with internal and external surface
tissue reinforced layer. Laminate type affects the
calculation of flexibility factors and stress
intensification factors for the BS 7159 and UKOOA
Codes only.
Angle
Angle to a point on the bend curvature. The user may
place additional nodes at any point on the bend
curvature providing the added nodes are not within 5
degrees of each other. (The 5 degree node-spacing
limit may be changed via the configuration file if
necessary.) Note that the element To node is
always physically located at the far end of the
bend. By default CAESAR II places a node at the
midpoint of the bend (designated
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Chapter III Piping Input

Miter Points
Number of cuts in the bend if mitered.
The bend SIF scratch pad may be invoked from the pipe spreadsheet by
choosing Kaux - Review SIFs at Bend Nodes. When the user enters a
valid mitered bend node number, CAESAR II tells the user if the
mitered bend input is closely or widely spaced. If the bend is
determined to be widely spaced and the number of miter cuts is greater
than 1, then it is recommended that the bend be broken down into n
single cut widely spaced miters, where n is the total number of cuts
in the bend. The number of cuts and the radius of the bend are all that
is required to calculate the SIFs and flexibilities for the bend as defined
Closely
Spaced
Miters
in the B31 codes.
The bend
radius
and the bend miter spacing are
related by theRfollowing
= S / (2 tan )
equations:

q = Bend Angle / (2 n) where n = number of

miter cuts
Widely Spaced Miters
R = r 2 (1.0 + cot q) / 2.0
r 2 = (ri + ro) / 2.0 = Bend Angle / 2.0

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3.2.5.3. SIF & Tees

Jenis Intersection pada CAESAR II

This auxiliary screen is used to enter

stress intensification factors, or fitting
types at up to two nodes per
spreadsheet. If components are selected
from the drop list, CAESAR II
automatically calculates the SIF values
as per the applicable code (unless
overridden by the user). Certain fittings
and certain codes require additional
data as shown. Fields are enabled as
appropriate for the selected fitting.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.6 Boundary Conditions

3.2.6.1. Restraints

Restraint Type Abbreviation

1 - Anchor ........................................................................................... A
2 - Translational Double Acting ............................................ X, Y, or Z
3 - Rotational Double Acting ......................................... RX, RY, or RZ
4 - Guide, Double Acting ................................................................ GUI
5 - Double Acting Limit Stop ......................................................... LIM
6 - Translational Double Acting Snubber ............ XSNB,YSNB, ZSNB
7 - Translational Directional ............................. +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z
8 - Rotational Directional .................................... +RX, -RX, +RY, etc.
9 - Directional Limit Stop .................................................. +LIM, -LIM
10 - Large Rotation Rod ..................................... XROD, YROD, ZROD
11 - Translational Double Acting Bilinear ............................ X2, Y2, Z2
12 - Rotational Double Acting Bilinear ......................... RX2, RY2, RZ2
13 - Translational Directional Bilinear ..................... -X2, +X2, -Y2, etc.
14 - Rotational Directional Bilinear ................ +RX2, -RX2, +RY2, etc.
15 - Bottom Out Spring ......................................... XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR
16 - Directional Snubber ......................... +XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.6.2. Displacement

D = displacement (in.)
R = rotations (derajat)
Jika pada kolom diatas tidak diisikan (blank) berarti pada
nodal tersebut bebas bergerak, jika diisi dengan nilai nol
berarti pada nodal tersebut tidak boleh terjadi perpindahan
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.6.3 Hangers
Jenis Hanger pada CAESAR II :
1-PSS-Grinnel 10-Basic Engineers
2-Bergen Paterson 11Inoflex(Italy)
3-Power Piping 12-E. Myatt & Co.
(Canada)
4-NPS Industries 13Sinopec(China)
5-Lisega 14-Bhel(India)
6-Fronek 15-Flexider(Italy)
7-Piping Technology 16-Carpenter
& Paterson (UK)
Tampilan ini untuk menggambarkan
instalasi hanger
8-Capitol 17-Comet(UK)
9-Piping Services 18Hydra(Germany)

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.6.4. Nozzles

This auxiliary screen is used to

describe flexible nozzle
connections. When entered in this
way, CAESAR II automatically
calculates the flexibilities and
inserts them at this location.
CAESAR II calculates nozzle
loads according to WRC 297, API
650 or BS 5500 criteria.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.7 Loading Conditions

3.2.7.1. Forces/Moments

This auxiliary screen is used

to enter imposed forces
and/or moments at up to two
nodes per spreadsheet. Up to
nine force vectors may be
entered (load components
F1 through F9).
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.7.2. Uniform Loads

This auxiliary screen is used to enter up to three

uniform load vectors (load components U1, U2 and
U3). These uniform loads are applied to the entire
current element, as well as all subsequent elements
in the model, until explicitly changed or zeroed out
with a later entry.
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.7.3 Wind/Wave

This auxiliary screen is used to specify whether this portion of the

pipe is exposed to wind or wave loading. (Note that the pipe may
not be exposed to both.) Selecting Wind exposes the pipe to
wind loading; selecting Wave exposes the pipe to wave, current,
and buoyancy loadings; selecting Off turns off both types of
loading. This screen is also used to enter the Wind Shape
Factor (when Wind is specified) and vari-ous wave coefficients
(if left blank they will be program-computed) when Wave
Loading is specified.
Entries on this auxiliary screen apply to all subsequent piping,

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3.2.8 Piping Material

Elastic modulus dan

poisonss ratio akan
secara otomatis terisi jika
materialnya telah dipilih

Material Elastic
Properties

SC = cold allowable stress

SH = hot allowable stress
F1 = Force reduction faktor (0.3 1.0)

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Chapter III Piping Input

List Caesar II Piping Code

ANSI B31.1 (1998) November 30, 1999

ANSI B31.1 (1967)

ANSI B31.3 (1999) April 15, 1999

STOOMWEZEN (1989)

ANSI B31.4 (1998) April 30, 1999

RCC-M C (1988)

ANSI B31.4 Chapter IX (1998) April 30, 1999

RCC-M D (1988)

ANSI B31.5 (1992) August 31, 1994

CODETI (1995)

ANSI B31.8 (1995) December 7, 1995

ANSI B31.8 Chapter VIII (1995) December 7, 1995

NORWEGIAN (1990, Rev 1)

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 (1998) July 1, 1999

FBDR (1995)

ASME SECT III CLASS 3 (1998) July 1, 1999

BS7159 (1989)

U.S. NAVY 505 (1984)

UKOOA (1994)

CANADIAN Z662 (9/95)

IGE/TD/12 (1990)

BS 806 (1993, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 1993)

SWEDISH METHOD 1 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM
1979)

DNV (1996)

SWEDISH METHOD 2 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM

1979)

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Chapter III Piping Input

Piping Materials
Material Name
Materials are entered either by name or number.
Nomor 1-17 correspond to the generic materials,
without code allowable stresses.
Nomor 18 represents the cold spring element for
cut short
and material 19 represents the cold
spring element for cut
long.
Material 20 is used to define Fiberglass
Reinforced Plastic
(FRP) pipe.
Spreadsheet
agak berbeda

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Chapter III Piping Input

When a material has been selected from the

database, the physical properties as well as the
allowable stresses are obtained and placed on
the spreadsheet. At any later time, if the
temperature or piping code is changed, these
allowable stress values are automatically
updated.

Material Properties
Modulus of elasticity, Poissons ratio, and pipe
density fields are automatically filled in when a
material number is entered. If the user wishes
to override any material property extracted
from the database, he or she may do so simply
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.2.9 Density

Pipe density akan secara otomatis terisi

jika materialnya telah didefinisikan
Fluid density dapat dinyatakan dalam
specific gravity (SG) misalnya : 0.85 SG

Nilai untuk
Insulation
Density
dapat
dilihat pada
tabel
disamping
ini
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Chapter III Piping Input

Densities
Pipe Density
The appropriate pipe density is filled in automatically when a
proper material number is input. This value may be overridden by
the user at any time. It will then be the users value that gets
column-duplicated through the remainder of the input.
Insulation Density
The appropriate insulation density should be entered which
corresponds to the type of insulation being used. <F1> can be
used to obtain a list of suggested densities, in the proper units. If
this cell is left blank and an insulation thickness has been
specified, CAESAR II uses a value of .006655 lbs/in 2 .
Fluid Density
When the internal fluid the piping system transports would
significantly effect the weight loads, the fluid density should be
specified. When the specific gravity of the fluid is known, it can
be entered here instead of the density, eg. .85SG. Specific
gravities are con-verted to the
appropriate
densities
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.3 Menu Commands

3.3.1 File Menu

The File menu is

used to perform
actions associated
with opening,
closing and
running the job
file.
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Chapter III Piping Input

New Creates a new CAESAR II job.

CAESAR II prompts for the name of the new
model.
Open Opens an existing CAESAR II job.
CAESAR II prompts for the name
Save Saves the current CAESAR II job
under its current name.
Save As Saves the current CAESAR II job
under a new name.
Archive Allows the user to assign a
password to prevent inadvert-ent alteration of
the model or to enter the password to unlock
the file.
Start Run Runs the job i.e., sends the
model through interactive error checking. This
on Caesar
II
is the first step Training
of analysis,
followed
by the

Chapter III Piping Input

Batch Run Performs a Batch Run (error checks

the model in a
non-interactive way and halts only for fatal errors uses
the existing or
default static load cases, and performs the static
analysis). The next
stop is the output processor.
Print Allows the user to print out an input listing.
CAESAR II
prompts the user for the data items to include.
Print Preview Provides print preview of input
listing.
Print Setup Sets upTraining
the printer
for the
on Caesar
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.3.2 Edit Menu

The edit menu provides

commands for cutting
and pasting, navigating
through the spreadsheets, and performing a
few small utilities. These
commands are:

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Chapter III Piping Input

Continue Moves the spreadsheet to the

next element in the model, adding a new
element if there is no next element.
Insert Inserts an element either before
or after the current element.

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Chapter III Piping Input

Delete Deletes the current element.

Find Allows the user to find an element
containing one or more named nodes (if two
nodes are entered, the element must
contain both nodes).

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Chapter III Piping Input

Global Prompts the user to enter global (absolute)
coordinates for
the first node of any disconnected segments.
Close Loop Closes a loop by filling in the delta
coordinates
between two nodes on the spreadsheet.
Increment Gives the user the opportunity to
change the automatic node increment.
Distance Calculates the distance between the
origin and a node, or between two nodes.
List Presents the input data in an alternative, list
format. This pro-vides the benefit of showing all of the
element data in a context set-ting. The list format also
permits block operations such as Duplicate,

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Chapter III Piping Input

List Input Format

Gunakan : [Pg Dn], [Pg Up], Ctrl +[Home], Ctrl +[End]

untuk berpindah ke element berikutnya

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.3.3 Model Menu

The Model menu

contains modeling
aids, as well as
means for entering
associated, system
wide information.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.3.3.1 Break
Break Allows the user
to break the element into
two unequal length
elements or into many
equal length elements. A
single node may be placed
as a break point anywhere
along the element, or
multiple nodes may be
placed at equal intervals
(the node step interval
between the From and To
nodes determines the
number of nodes placed).
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.3.3.2 Valve
Val ve Allows the user to model a valve or
flange from one of the CAESAR II data-bases.
Choosing a combination of Rigid Type, End Type,
and Class constructs a rigid
element with the length and weight extracted from
the database.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.3.3.3 Expansion joint

Expansion Joints Activates the Expansion Joint Modeler. This
modeler automati-cally builds a complete assembly of the
selected expansion joint style, using the bel-lows stiffnesses and
rigid element weights extracted from one of the vendors
expansion joint catalogues.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.3.3.4 Job title

Title Allows the user to enter a job title up to sixty
lines long.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.3.3.5 Hanger Design

Hanger
Design Control Data Prompts the user for
Control
Data
wide hanger design cri-teria.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.4 Kaux Menu

Review SIFs at Intersection Nodes Allows the user to

run what if tests on the Stress Intensification Factors of
intersections.
Review SIFs at Bend Nodes Allows the user to run what
if tests on the Stress Intensification Factors of selected bends.
Special Execution Parameters Allows the user to set
options affecting the analysis of the current job. Items covered
include ambient temperature, pressure stiffening, displacements due to pressure Training
(Bourdonon
effect),
Caesaretc.
II

Chapter III Piping Input

Special Execution Parameters

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Chapter III Piping Input

Include Piping Input Files Allows the user to include
other piping models in the current model. The same file may
be included more than once by highlighting it in the list, then
changing the rotation angle (ROTY) or nodal increment (Inc)
before clicking the ADD button.

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Include Structural Input Files Allows the

incorporation of structural models into the piping
model.

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Chapter III Piping Input

3.5 Plot
This menu option provides two types of graphics the traditional
CAESAR II graphics, as well as a "sneak preview" of CAESAR IIs
new 3-D graphics library. When selected, these graphics will
replace CAESAR IIs traditional graphics.

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Chapter III Piping Input

The model may be

panned left, right, up,
or down by using the
[Home], [End],
[PgUp], or [PgDn] keys
respectively.
Zooming can be
accomplished by
clicking the mouse and
dragging a box around
the desired zoom area,
or by using the + and keys.
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Chapter III Piping Input

Additional commands are available for displaying, highlighting, or
labeling the plot. Some of these are :

Volume Toggles between volume and

centerline representation
while in line drawing mode.
Render Renders the piping model.
Wire Frame Draws the piping model in wire
frame.
Line Drawing Switches to line drawing mode
from render or wire
frame.
Highlight Changes drawing color based on
element attributes.
Range Displays elements based on node
ranges.
X View along X-axis.
Y View along Y-axis.
Z View along
Z-axis.
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Chapter III Piping Input

Southeast View in Southeast

isometric mode.
4 View in all four modes
simultaneously.
Restraints Displays non-anchor,
non-hanger restraints.
Anchors Display anchors.
Hangers Displays hangers.
Forces Labels imposed forces.
Displacements Labels imposed
displacements.
Nozzles Display flexible nozzles.
Nodes Labels plot with node
numbers.
Length
Labels
withIIelement
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Chapter III Piping Input

The View Spreadsheet

command allows the
user to maintain both the
plot and the spreadsheet
on the screen
simultaneously.
The current plot may be
output to the clipboard, a
bitmap (.BMP) file, or a
printer through use of
the Edit-Copy, File-Save
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Chapter III Piping Input

3.6 Alternative 3-D Graphics

CAESAR II provides a new preliminary
3-D graphics library called HOOP,
which will be expanded in the future. Not
all of the old graphics capabilities have
been modified to support this new
library. For this reason, two plot buttons
can be found on the piping input
spreadsheet. The icon with the
"magnifying glass" produces the familiar
graphics CAESAR II has always
provided. The icon immediately to the
left, a "magnifying glass with an H",
produces graphics utilizing the new
library. The toolbar controls for this new
Trainingare
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II
graphics library
discussed
below.

Chapter III Piping Input

Reset Plot: Displays the

plot in its default
configuration.
Undo, Redo: Operate the
plot in typical "undo / redo"
fashion.
Zoom Window & Zoom
Extents

Training on Caesar II

Chapter III Piping Input

Predefined Views
--viewing down the "z" axis, to the "xy"
plane
--viewing down the "y" axis, to the "xz"
plane
--viewing down the x" axis, to the "yz"
plane --the isometric view
Plot Manipulation
--activate an interactive rotation feature when
the left mouse button is held down --activate
a zoom in / out action when the left mouse
button is held and the mouse is moved left or
right
--activate an action when the left mouse
button is held and the mouse is moved
--a future "walk through" capability

Training on Caesar II

Chapter III Piping Input

Nodes: Places the node

numbers on the plot.
Fill: Present the plot in
variety of modes.
--Gouraud Shading
--hidden line
--wire frame
--double line (volume)
--single line

Training on Caesar II

Chapter III Piping Input

Element Selection
--Single element selection (clicking),
the active spreadsheet is changed to
the element selected.
--Group element selection (drag
mouse for window around group).
Annotate, Plot Information, and
Save as Tiff File
Plot Colors: produces a dialog
which allows the user to specify the
colors used for various plot entities
(pipes, valves, background, etc).
Training on Caesar II

Chapter III Piping Input

Plot Projection
--perspective projection
--orthographic projection
--stretched projection
Display Restraints
--plot all restraints except anchors
--plot anchors
--plot spring hangers
Select by Single Click
Clicking on elements when this option is
selected causes the input spreadsheet for
the chosen element to be displayed in the
background. Additionally, a dialog box with
basic element geometry information is
updated within the plot window as shown in

Training on Caesar II

Chapter III Piping Input

Tampilan Grafik 3 D

Training on Caesar II

Chapter III Piping Input

End of Chapter III

Training on Caesar II