ASSIGNMENT

OF
COMPUTER
NETWORK

TOPIC: TWISTED PAIR CABLE

SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
MR HARINDERPAL SINGH
VIKAS RANA

BCA-2A
PUNJAB COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Q1.Explain the twisted pair cable , its types, advantages and

disadvantages.
Ans:Twisted pair cable: A twisted pair consists of two conductors each
surrounded by an insulating material. Twisted pair cable consists of a pair of
insulated wires twisted together. It is a cable type used in telecommunication for
very long time. Cable twisting helps to reduce noise pickup from outside sources
and crosstalk on multi-pair cables.

Twisted pair cable is good for transferring balanced differential signals. The
practice of transmitting signals differentially dates back to the early days of
telegraph and radio. The advantages of improved signal-to-noise ratio, crosstalk,
and ground bounce that balanced signal transmission bring are particularly
valuable in wide bandwidth and high fidelity systems. By transmitting signals
along with a 180 degree out-of-phase complement, emissions and ground currents
are theoretically canceled. This eases the requirements on the ground and shield
compared to single ended transmission and results in improved EMI performance.
Why Twisted-Pair Cable Reduces Noise:
Interference from devices such as a motor can create unequal noise over two
parallel lines. The line that is closer to the devicereceives more interference than
the one that is farther.
Effect of Noise on Parallel Lines
If however, the wires are twisted around each other at regular intervals, each wire
is closer to the noise source for half of the time and farther for the other half. Both
receive the same amount of noise. The noise from two wires cancel each other out
at the receiver.
Noise on Twisted-Pair Lines

Types of twisted pair cable:

1. Shielded Twisted Pair Cable
2. Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
1.Shielded Twisted Pair Cable: Shielded twisted pair is a special kind of
copper telephone wiring used in some business installations. An outer covering or
shield is added to the ordinary twisted pair telephone wires; the shield functions as
a ground. It is used to eliminate inductive and capacitive coupling. Twisting
cancels out inductive coupling, while the shield eliminates capacitive coupling.
Most applications for this cable are between equipment, racks and buildings.
Shielding adds usually some attenuation to the cable (compared to unshielded), but
usually not because in the case of balanced transmission, the complementing
signals will effectively cancel out any shield currents, so shield current losses are
negligible.
2. Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable: The most commonly
used form of twisted pair is unshielded twisted pair (UTP). It is just two insulated
wires twisted together. any data communication cables and normal telephone
cables are this type.
UTP comes in several categories that are based on the number of twists in the
wires, the diameter of the wires and the material used in the wires. Category 3 is
the wiring used primarily for telephone connections. Frequency range is suitable
for transmitting both data and voice.

Unshielded Twisted Pair Shielded

Twisted Pair

Advantages of twisted pair cable:

➢ Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Structured Premise Cabling permits many
communication protocols to reside in the same wire bundle. Examples
include voice, data, and CCTV video and control.
➢ UTP system is Color-coded cabling .
➢ A good UTP system gives better interference rejection than coaxial cable.
➢ TP is less expensive than dedicated coaxial or fiber.
➢ TP is physically smaller than coax and many other cable types .
➢ TP is a very easy media to install and reconfigure .
➢ TP is extremely easy to terminate .
➢ In many cases, the wire is already installed .

Disadvantages of twisted pair cable:

 ➢ Because there can be different kind signals wired to different outlets and all
outlets look the same, the user needs to be careful not to wire a device to an
outlet where a wrong type of signal is wired. Wring connection can lead to
situation that the system does not work correctly or even to equipment
damages.
➢ The application originally designed for some other type of cabling need
usually special adaters which cost money
➢ The current UTP systems (CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6) have quite limited high
frequency performance, so they do not suit well for transmission of very
high frequency signals like cable TV, TV antenna and radio antenna signals.
There are product for this available, but the performance which can be got
with those is generally quite limited.

Q2.What are the Categories of twisted pair

cable and explain some applications of
twisted pair cable?
ANS:There are different types of twisted pair cable and these are
following:

 Category 1: Cabling that meets the minimum

requirements for analog voice or Plain Old Telephone
Service (POTS).
 Category 2: Used for voice and data, up to 4
Mbps. Also known with name Grade 2
 Category 3: Used for data, up to 10 Mbps
• Required to have at least 3 twists per foot
• Standard cable for most telephone systems

• Also used in 10-Mbps Ethernet (10Base-T Ethernet)

 Category 4: Used for data, up to 16 Mbps
• Must also have at least 3 twists per foot as well as other
features
• Used in Token Ring
  Category 5: Used for data, up to 100 Mbps
• Must have 3 twists per inch!

 Category 5e: Used in Gigabit Ethernet

• Rated frequency is 100 MHz
 Category 6: Used in Gigabit Ethernet and future
technologies
• Rated frequency is 200 MHz with some
requirements specified for 250 MHz

Applications of twisted pair cable:

 Telephone network:
○ Twisted-pair cables are used in telephones lines to provide voice and
data channels.

 Within buildings
○ To private branch exchange (PBX).
○ The DSL lines that are used by the telephone companies to provide
high data rate connections also use the high-bandwidth capability of
unshielded twisted-pair cables.
○

 For local area networks (LAN)

○ 10Mbps or 100Mbps.
○ Local area networks, such as 10Base-T and 100Base-
T, also used UTP cables.