Gate Ec: Q. No. 1 - 25 Carry One Mark Each

GATE EC
2010
Q. No. 1 - 25 Carry One Mark Each

MCQ 1.1
The eigen values of a skew-symmetric matrix are

(A) always zero
(B) always pure imaginary
(C) either zero or pure imaginary
(D) always real
SOL 1.1
Eigen value of a Skew-symmetric matrix are either zero or pure imaginary in

conjugate pairs.
Hence (C) is correct option.
MCQ 1.2
The trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform f (t) shown below contains
(A) only cosine terms and zero values for the dc components
(B) only cosine terms and a positive value for the dc components
(C) only cosine terms and a negative value for the dc components
(D) only sine terms and a negative value for the dc components
SOL 1.2
For a function x (t) trigonometric fourier series is

x (t) = Ao +
Where,
/ [An cos nt + Bn sin nt]
n=1
Ao = 1 # x (t) dt
T0 T
An = 2 # x (t) cos nt dt
T0 T
T0 "fundamental period
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Bn = 2 # x (t) sin nt dt
T0 T
0
For an even function x (t), Bn = 0

Since given function is even function so coefficient Bn = 0 , only cosine and constant
terms are present in its fourier series representation.
Constant term :
3T/4
A0 = 1 #
x (t) dt
T T/4
T/4
3T/4
= 1 : # Adt + #
2AdtD
T T/4
T/4
= 1 :TA 2AT D = A
2
2
T 2
Constant term is negative.
MCQ 1.3
d 2 n (x) n (x)
A function n (x) satisfied the differential equation
2 =0
dx 2
L
where L is a constant. The boundary conditions are : n (0) = K and n (3) = 0 . The
solution to this equation is
(B) n (x) = K exp ( x/ L )
(A) n (x) = K exp (x/L)
(C) n (x) = K 2 exp ( x/L)
SOL 1.3
(D) n (x) = K exp ( x/L)
Given differential equation

d 2 n (x) n (x)
2 =0
dx 2
L
Let
n (x) = Aex
So,
A2 ex Ae2 = 0
L
2 12 = 0 & = ! 1
L
L
Boundary condition, n (3) = 0 so take = 1

L
x
n (x) = Ae L
n (0) = Ae0 = K & A = K
So,
n (x) = Ke (x/L)
Hence (D) is correct option.
MCQ 1.4
For the two-port network shown below, the short-circuit admittance parameter
matrix is

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SOL 1.4
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4 2
(A) >
S
2 4 H
1 0.5
(B) >
S
0.5 1 H
1 0.5
(C) >
S
0.5 1 H
Given circuit is as shown below
4 2
(D) > H S
2 4
By writing node equation at input port

I1 = V1 + V1 V2 = 4V1 2V2
0.5
0.5
...(1)
By writing node equation at output port

I2 = V2 + V2 V1 = 2V1 + 4V2
0.5
0.5
...(2)
From (1) and (2), we have admittance matrix

4 2
Y =>
2 4H
Hence (A) is correct option.
MCQ 1.5
For parallel RLC circuit, which one of the following statements is NOT correct ?
(A) The bandwidth of the circuit decreases if R is increased
(B) The bandwidth of the circuit remains same if L is increased
(C) At resonance, input impedance is a real quantity
(D) At resonance, the magnitude of input impedance attains its minimum values.
SOL 1.5
A parallel RLC circuit is shown below :

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Input impedance Z in =
At resonance
So,
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1
1 + 1 + j C
R j L
1 = C
L
Z in = 1 = R
1/R
(maximum at resonance)
Thus (D) is not true.

Furthermore bandwidth is B
Hence statements A, B, C, are true.
MCQ 1.6
i.e B \ 1 and is independent of L,

R
At room temperature, a possible value for the mobility of electrons in the inversion
layer of a silicon n -channel MOSFET is
(B) 1350 cm2 / V-s
(A) 450 cm2 / V-s
(C) 1800 cm2 / V-s
(D) 3600 cm2 / V-s
SOL 1.6
At room temperature mobility of electrons for Si sample is given n = 1350 cm2 /Vs.
For an n -channel MOSFET to create an inversion layer of electrons, a large positive
gate voltage is to be applied. Therefore, induced electric field increases and mobility
decreases.
So, Mobility n < 1350 cm2 /Vs for n -channel MOSFET
MCQ 1.7
Thin gate oxide in a CMOS process in preferably grown using

(A) wet oxidation
(B) dry oxidation
(C) epitaxial oxidation
(D) ion implantation
SOL 1.7
Dry oxidation is used to achieve high quality oxide growth.

Hence (B) is correct option.
MCQ 1.8
In the silicon BJT circuit shown below, assume that the emitter area of transistor
Q1 is half that of transistor Q2
The value of current Io is approximately

(A) 0.5 mA
(B) 2 mA
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(C) 9.3 mA
SOL 1.8
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(D) 15 mA
Since, emitter area of transistor Q1 is half of transistor Q2 , so current

IE = 1 IE and IB = 1 IB
2
2
1
The circuit is as shown below :
VB = 10 ( 0.7) = 9.3 V
Collector current
I1 =
0 ( 9.3)
= 1 mA
(9.3 k)
1 = 700 (high), So IC . IE
Applying KCL at base we have
1 IE = IB + IB
1 ( 1 + 1) IB = IB + IB
I
1 = (700 + 1 + 1) B + IB
2
IB . 2
702
I 0 = IC = 2 : IB = 715 # 2 . 2 mA
702
1

MCQ 1.9
The amplifier circuit shown below uses a silicon transistor. The capacitors CC and
CE can be assumed to be short at signal frequency and effect of output resistance
r0 can be ignored. If CE is disconnected from the circuit, which one of the following
statements is true

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(A) The input resistance Ri increases and magnitude of voltage gainAV decreases
(B) The input resistance Ri decreases and magnitude of voltage gain AV increases
(C) Both input resistance Ri and magnitude of voltage gain AV decreases
(D) Both input resistance Ri and the magnitude of voltage gain AV increases
SOL 1.9
The equivalent circuit of given amplifier circuit (when CE is connected, RE is shortcircuited)
Input impedance
Ri = RB || r
Voltage gain
AV = gm RC
Now, if CE is disconnected, resistance RE appears in the circuit
Input impedance
R in = RB || [r + ( + 1)] RE
Input impedance increases
gm RC
Voltage gain
Voltage gain decreases.
AV =
1 + gm R E
MCQ 1.10
Assuming the OP-AMP to be ideal, the voltage gain of the amplifier shown below

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is
(A) R2
R1
(B) R 3
R1
R2 || R 3
R1
The circuit is as shown below :
(D) b R2 + R 3 l
R1
(C)
SOL 1.10
So,
or
0 Vi + 0 Vo = 0
R1
R2
Vo = R2
Vi
R1

MCQ 1.11
Match the logic gates in Column A with their equivalents in Column B

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(A) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
(B) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3
(C) P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1
(D) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1
SOL 1.11
Hence Correct Option is (D)
MCQ 1.12
For the output F to be 1 in the logic circuit shown, the input combination should
be
SOL 1.12
MCQ 1.13
(A) A = 1, B = 1, C = 0
(B) A = 1, B = 0, C = 0
(C) A = 0, B = 1, C = 0
(D) A = 0, B = 0, C = 1
In the circuit F
= (A 5 B) 9 (A 9 B) 9 C
For two variables A 5 B
So,(A 5 B) 9 (A 9 B)
= 0 (always)
F = 09C = 0$C+1$C = C
So, F = 1 when C = 1 or C = 0
Hence (A) (B) (C) are correct options.
= A9B
In the circuit shown, the device connected Y5 can have address in the range

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SOL 1.13
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(A) 2000-20FF
(B) 2D00-2DFF
(C) 2E00-2EFF
(D) FD00-FDFF
Since G2 is active low input, output of NAND gate must be 0

G2 = A15 : A14 A13 A12 A11 = 0
So,
A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 = 00101
To select Y5 Decoder input
ABC = A 8 A 9 A10 = 101
Address range
A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A 9 A 8 ...............A 0
0011101........A 0
S
S
2
D
^2D00 2DFF h
MCQ 1.14
Consider the z -transform x (z) = 5z2 + 4z1 + 3; 0 < z < 3. The inverse z transform x [n] is
(A) 5 [n + 2] + 3 [n] + 4 [n 1]
(B) 5 [n 2] + 3 [n] + 4 [n + 1]
(C) 5u [n + 2] + 3u [n] + 4u [n 1]
(D) 5u [n 2] + 3u [n] + 4u [n + 1]
SOL 1.14
Hence (A) is correct option. Hence (A) is correct option.

Inverse Z transform
We know that
[n ! a]
Z ! a
2
1
Given that
X (z) = 5z + 4z + 3
Inverse z-transform
x [n] = 5 [n + 2] + 4 [n 1] + 3 [n]
MCQ 1.15
Two discrete time system with impulse response h1 [n] = [n 1] and h2 [n] = [n 2]
are connected in cascade. The overall impulse response of the cascaded system is
(A) [n 1] + [n 2]
(B) [n 4]
(C) [n 3]

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(D) [n 1] [n 2]
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SOL 1.15
Hence (C) is correct option

We have
h1 [n] = [n 1] or H1 [Z ] = Z 1
and
h 2 [n] = [n 2] or H2 (Z ) = Z 2
Response of cascaded system
H (z ) = H1 (z ) : H2 (z ) = z1 : z2 = z3
or,
h [n] = [n 3]
MCQ 1.16
For a N -point FET algorithm N = 2m which one of the following statements is

TRUE ?
(A) It is not possible to construct a signal flow graph with both input and output
in normal order
(B) The number of butterflies in the m th stage in N/m
(C) In-place computation requires storage of only 2N data
(D) Computation of a butterfly requires only one complex multiplication.
SOL 1.16
For an N-point FET algorithm butterfly operates on one pair of samples and
involves two complex addition and one complex multiplication.
MCQ 1.17
The transfer function Y (s) /R (s) of the system shown is
(A) 0
(B)
1
s+1
2
s+1
From the given block diagram
(D)
2
s+3
(C)
SOL 1.17
H (s) = Y (s) E (s) $
1
s+1
E (s) = R (s) H (s)

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= R (s) Y (s) +
E (s)
(s + 1)
1
= R (s) Y (s)
s + 1D
sE (s)
= R (s) Y (s)
(s + 1)
E (s)
Y (s) =
s+1
E (s) :1
...(1)
...(2)
From (1) and (2)

sY (s) = R (s) Y (s)
(s + 1) Y (s) = R (s)
Transfer function
Y (s)
= 1
R (s) s + 1
MCQ 1.18
A system with transfer function X^^s hh = s +s p has an output y (t) = cos ^2t 3 h for the
input signal x (t) = p cos ^2t 2 h. Then, the system parameter p is
(B) 2
(A) 3
3
Ys
(C) 1
SOL 1.18
(D)
3
2
Transfer function is given as

Y (s)
= s
X (s) s + p
j
H (j) =
j + p
H (s) =
Amplitude Response
H (j) =
Phase Response
+p2
2
h () = 90c tan1 a k
p
x (t) = p cos a2t k

2
Input
y (t) = H (j) x (t h) = cos a2t k

3
H (j) = p =
2
+p2
1 =
2
,
( = 2 rad/ sec)
p
4+p2
4p 2 = 4 + p 2 & 3p 2 = 4
Output
or
or
p = 2/ 3
Alternative :
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h = 9 a kC =
3
2
6
= tan1
So,
apk
2
6
tan1 a k = =
p
2 6
3
= tan = 3
a3k
p
2 = 3 , ( = 2 rad/ sec)
p
or
p = 2/ 3
Hence (B) is correct option
MCQ 1.19
For the asymptotic Bode magnitude plot shown below, the system transfer function
can be
(A) 10s + 1
0.1s + 1
SOL 1.19
(B) 100s + 1
0.1s + 1
(C) 100s
(D) 0.1s + 1
10s + 1
10s + 1
Initial slope is zero, so K = 1
At corner frequency 1 = 0.5 rad/ sec , slope increases by + 20 dB/decade, so there
is a zero in the transfer function at 1
At corner frequency 2 = 10 rad/ sec , slope decreases by 20 dB/decade and
becomes zero, so there is a pole in transfer function at 2
K a1 + s k
1
Transfer function
H (s) =
s
a1 + 2 k
1 a1 + s k (1 + 10s)
0. 1
=
=
s
(1 + 0.1s)
a1 + 0.1 k
Hence (A) is correct option
MCQ 1.20
Suppose that the modulating signal is m (t) = 2 cos (2fm t) and the carrier signal
is xC (t) = AC cos (2fC t), which one of the following is a conventional AM signal

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without over-modulation
(A) x (t) = AC m (t) cos (2fC t)
(B) x (t) = AC [1 + m (t)] cos (2fC t)
(C) x (t) = AC cos (2fC t) + AC m (t) cos (2fC t)
4
(D) x (t) = AC cos (2fm t) cos (2fC t) + AC sin (2fm t) sin (2fC t)
SOL 1.20
Conventional AM signal is given by

x (t) = AC [1 + m (t)] cos (2fC t)
Where < 1, for no over modulation.
In option (C)
x (t) = AC :1 + 1 m (t)D cos (2fC t)
4
Thus = 1 < 1 and this is a conventional AM-signal without over-modulation
4
MCQ 1.21
Consider an angle modulated signal

x (t) = 6 cos [2 # 106 t + 2 sin (800t)] + 4 cos (800t)
The average power of x (t) is
(A) 10 W
(B) 18 W
(C) 20 W
(D) 28 W
SOL 1.21

(6) 2
Power
P =
= 18 W
2
MCQ 1.22
If the scattering matrix [S ] of a two port network is

0.2 0c 0.9 90c
[S ] = >
H, then the network is
0.9 90c 0.1 90c
SOL 1.22
(A) lossless and reciprocal
(B) lossless but not reciprocal
(C) not lossless but reciprocal
(D) neither lossless nor reciprocal
For a lossless network

S11 2 + S21 2 = 1
For the given scattering matrix
S11 = 0.2 0c , S12 = 0.9 90c
S21 = 0.9 90c , S22 = 0.1 90c
Here,
(0.2) 2 + (0.9) 2 ! 1 (not lossless)
Reciprocity :
S12 = S21 = 0.9 90c (Reciprocal)

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MCQ 1.23
GATE EC 2010
A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50 and a resistance of

0.1 /m . If the line is distortion less, the attenuation constant(in Np/m) is
(A) 500
(B) 5
(C) 0.014
SOL 1.23
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(D) 0.002
For distortion less transmission line characteristics impedance

Z0 = R
G
Attenuation constant
= RG
So,
= R = 0.1 = 0.002
50
Z0

MCQ 1.24
Consider the pulse shape s (t) as shown. The impulse response h (t) of the filter
matched to this pulse is
SOL 1.24
Impulse response of the matched filter is given by

h (t) = S (T t)

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MCQ 1.25
The electric field component of a time harmonic plane EM wave traveling in a

nonmagnetic lossless dielectric medium has an amplitude of 1 V/m. If the relative
permittivity of the medium is 4, the magnitude of the time-average power density
vector (in W/m2 ) is
(B) 1
(A) 1
30
60
1
(D) 1
120
240
Intrinsic impedance of EM wave
0
=
=
= 120 = 60
2
40
(C)
SOL 1.25
Time average power density

2
1
Pav = 1 EH = 1 E =
= 1
2 # 60 120
2
2
Q. No. 26-51 carry two marks each :

MCQ 1.26
If ey = x1/x , then y has a

(A) maximum at x = e
(C) maximum at x = e
SOL 1.26
(B) minimum at x = e
(D) minimum at x = e1

Given that
or
or
ey = x x
ln ey = ln x x
y = 1 ln x
x

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1
dy
Now
= 1 1 + ln x ^ x x h = 12 ln2
xx
dx
x
x
For maxima and minima :
dy
= 12 (1 ln x) = 0
dx
x
ln x = 1 " x = e 1
d 2y
Now
= 23 ln x b 23 l 12 b 1 l
x x
dx 2
x
x
= 22 + 2 ln3 x 13
x
x
x
2
d x
= 22 + 23 13 < 0
e
dy 2 at x = e
e
e
So, y has a maximum at x = e1
2
MCQ 1.27
SOL 1.27
A fair coin is tossed independently four times. The probability of the event the
number of time heads shown up is more than the number of times tail shown up
(B) 1
(A) 1
16
8
(C) 1
(D) 5
16
4
According to given condition head should comes 3 times or 4 times
4
3
P (Heads comes 3 times or 4 times) = 4C 4 b 1 l + 4C 3 b 1 l b 1 l
2
2 2
= 1: 1 +4:1 :1 = 5
16
8 2 16
MCQ 1.28
v = xyatx + x 2 aty , then

If A
# Av .dlv over the path shown in the figure is

C
SOL 1.28
(A) 0
(B) 2
3
(C) 1
(D) 2 3
Hence (C) is correct option

v = xyatx + x 2 aty
A

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v = dxatx + dyaty
dl
v = # (xyatx + x 2 aty) : (dxatx + dyaty)
# Av : dl
C
# (xydx + x 2 dy)
2/ 3
#1/
xdx +
1/ 3
#2/
3xdx +
#1
4 dy +
3
#3
1 dy
3
= 1 : 4 1 D + 3 :1 4 D + 4 [3 1] + 1 [1 3]
2 3 3
2 3 3
3
3
=1
MCQ 1.29
1 2z
at its poles are
z (z 1) (z 2)
(B) 1 , 1 and 1
2
2
The residues of a complex function x (z) =

(A) 1 , 1 and 1
2
2
SOL 1.29
(C) 1 , 1 and 3
2
2
Given function
X (z ) =
(D) 1 , 1 and 3
2
2
1 2z
z (z 1) (z 2)
Poles are located at z = 0, z = 1, and z = 2

At Z = 0 residues is
R 0 = z : X (z) Z = 0 = 1 2 # 0 = 1
2
(0 1) (0 2)
at z = 1,
R1 = (Z 1) : X (Z ) Z = 1
= 12#1 = 1
1 (1 2)
At z = 2 , R2 = (z 2) : X (z) z = 2
= 1 2 # 2 = 3
2
2 (2 1)
MCQ 1.30
Consider differential equation dx^ h y (x) = x , with the initial condition y (0) = 0 .
Using Eulers first order method with a step size of 0.1, the value of y (0.3) is
(A) 0.01
(B) 0.031
dy x
(C) 0.0631
SOL 1.30
(D) 0.1

Taking step size
h = 0.1, y (0) = 0
x
dy
= x+y
dx

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yi + 1 = yi + h
dy
dx
y1 = 0 + 0.1 (0) = 0
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dy
= x+y
dx
0.1
0.1
y2 = 0 + 0.1 (0.1) = 0.01
0.2
0.01
0.21
y 3 = 0.01 + 0.21 # 0.1 = 0.031
0.3
0.031
yi + 1 = yi + h
dy
dx
From table, at x = 0.3, y (x = 0.3) = 0.031
MCQ 1.31
3s + 1
Given f (t) = L1 ; 3
. If lim f (t) = 1, then the value of k is
t"3
s + 4s2 + (k 3) s E
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
SOL 1.31
(D) 4
3s + 1
f (t) = L 1 ; 3
s + 4s 2 + (k 3) s E
lim f (t) = 1
We have
and
t"3
By final value theorem

lim f (t) = lim sF (s) = 1
t"3
or
s. (3s + 1)
=1
s + 4s2 + (k 3) s
s (3s + 1)
=1
lim 2
s " 0 s [s + 4s + (k 3)]
1 =1
k3
or
k =4
or
MCQ 1.32
SOL 1.32
s"0
lim
s"0
In the circuit shown, the switch S is open for a long time and is closed at t = 0 .
The current i (t) for t $ 0+ is
(A) i (t) = 0.5 0.125e1000t A
(B) i (t) = 1.5 0.125e1000t A
(C) i (t) = 0.5 0.5e1000t A
(D) i (t) = 0.375e1000t A

Let the current
i (t) = A + Bet/

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" Time constant

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When the switch S is open for a long time before t < 0 , the circuit is
At t = 0 , inductor current does not change simultaneously, So the circuit is
Current is resistor (AB)

i (0) = 0.75 = 0.375 A
2
Similarly for steady state the circuit is as shown below
i (3) = 15 = 0.5 A
3
3
= L = 15 # 10
= 103 sec
Req
10 + (10 || 10)
Now
and
So,
Hence
MCQ 1.33
i (t)
i (0)
i (3)
B
i (t)
= A + Be 1 # 10 = A + Be100t
= A + B = 0.375
= A = 0.5
= 0.375 0.5 = 0.125
= 0.5 0.125e1000 t A
3
The current I in the circuit shown is
(A) j1 A
(B) j1 A
(C) 0 A
(D) 20 A

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SOL 1.33
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Circuit is redrawn as shown below
Where,
Z1 = jL = j # 103 # 20 # 103 = 20j

Z2 = R || XC
1
XC = 1 =
= 20j
jC
j # 103 # 50 # 106
1 ( 20j)
Z2 =
1 20j
Voltage across Z2
VZ =
2
Z2 : 20 0 =
Z1 + Z 2
=c
20j
c 1 20j m
20j
c 20j 1 20j m
R = 1
: 20
( 20j)
: 20 = j
20j + 400 20j m
Current in resistor R is
j
V
I = Z = = j A
1
R
2

MCQ 1.34
SOL 1.34
In the circuit shown, the power supplied by the voltage source is
(A) 0 W
(B) 5 W
(C) 10 W
(D) 100 W
The circuit can be redrawn as

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Applying nodal analysis

VA 10 + 1 + VA 0 = 0
2
2
Current,
2VA 10 + 2 = 0 = V4 = 4 V
I1 = 10 4 = 3 A
2
Current from voltage source is

I 2 = I1 3 = 0
Since current through voltage source is zero, therefore power delivered is zero.
MCQ 1.35
In a uniformly doped BJT, assume that NE , NB and NC are the emitter, base and
collector doping in atoms/cm3 , respectively. If the emitter injection efficiency of the
BJT is close unity, which one of the following condition is TRUE
(A) NE = NB = NC
(B) NE >> NB and NB > NC
(C) NE = NB and NB < NC
SOL 1.35
(D) NE < NB < NC
Emitter injection efficiency is given as

1
=
1 + NB
NE
To achieve
= 1, NE >> NB
MCQ 1.36
Compared to a p-n junction with NA = ND = 1014 /cm3 , which one of the following
statements is TRUE for a p-n junction with NA = ND = 1020 /cm3 ?
(A) Reverse breakdown voltage is lower and depletion capacitance is lower
(B) Reverse breakdown voltage is higher and depletion capacitance is lower
(C) Reverse breakdown voltage is lower and depletion capacitance is higher
(D) Reverse breakdown voltage is higher and depletion capacitance is higher
SOL 1.36
Reverse bias breakdown or Zener effect occurs in highly doped PN junction through
tunneling mechanism. In a highly doped PN junction, the conduction and valence

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bands on opposite sides of the junction are sufficiently close during reverse bias
that electron may tunnel directly from the valence band on the p-side into the
conduction band on n -side.
Breakdown voltage VB \ 1
NA ND
So, breakdown voltage decreases as concentration increases
Depletion capacitance
1/2
es NA ND
C ='
1
2 (Vbi + VR) (NA + ND)
Thus
C \ NA ND
Depletion capacitance increases as concentration increases
MCQ 1.37
SOL 1.37
Assuming that the flip-flop are in reset condition initially, the count sequence
observed at QA , in the circuit shown is
(A) 0010111...
(B) 0001011...
(C) 0101111...
(D) 0110100....
Let QA (n), QB (n), QC (n) are present states and QA (n + 1), QB (n + 1), QC (n + 1) are
next states of flop-flops.
In the circuit
QA (n + 1) = QB (n) 9 QC (n)
QB (n + 1) = QA (n)
QC (n + 1) = QB (n)
Initially all flip-flops are reset
1st clock pulse
QA = 0 9 0 = 1
QB = 0
QC = 0
2 nd clock pulse
QA = 0 9 0 = 1
QB = 1
QC = 0
rd
3 clock pulse

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QA = 1 9 0 = 0
QB = 1
QC = 1
4 th clock pulse
QA = 1 9 1 = 1
QB = 0
QC = 1
So, sequence
QA = 01101.......
MCQ 1.38
The transfer characteristic for the precision rectifier circuit shown below is (assume
ideal OP-AMP and practical diodes)
SOL 1.38
The circuit is as shown below

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Current
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I = 20 0 + Vi 0 = 5 + Vi
4R
R
R
If I > 0, diode D2 conducts

So, for 5 + VI > 0 & VI > 5, D2 conducts
2
Equivalent circuit is shown below
Output is Vo = 0 . If I < 0 , diode D2 will be off

5 + VI < 0 & V < 5, D is off
I
2
R
The circuit is shown below
0 Vi + 0 20 + 0 Vo = 0
R
4R
R
MCQ 1.39
or
Vo = Vi 5
At Vi = 5 V,
At Vi = 10 V,
Vo = 0
Vo = 5 V
The Boolean function realized by the logic circuit shown is

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SOL 1.39
GATE EC 2010
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(A) F = m (0, 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 14)
(B) F = m (2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13)
(C) F = m (1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 14, 15)
(D) F = m (2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12)
Output of the MUX can be written as

F = I 0 S 0 S1 + I1 S 0 S1 + I 2 S 0 S1 + I 3 S 0 S1
Here, I 0 = C, I1 = D, I2 = C , I 3 = CD
and S 0 = A, S1 = B
So,
F = C A B + D A B + C A B + C DA B
Writing all SOP terms
F = A B C D + A B C D + A BCD + A B C D
1 44 2
44 3 1 44 2
44 3 S
1 44 2
4
43
m
m
m
m
3
+A B C D + A B C D + ABC D
1 44 2
4
4 3 1 44 2
44 3 S
m
m
m
9
12
F = / m (2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12)
MCQ 1.40
SOL 1.40
For the 8085 assembly language program given below, the content of the accumulator
after the execution of the program is
(A) 00H
(B) 45H
(C) 67H
(D) E7H
By executing instruction one by one

MVI A, 45 H & MOV 45 H into accumulator, A = 45 H
STC & Set carry, C = 1
CMC & Complement carry flag, C = 0
RAR & Rotate accumulator right through carry

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A = 00100010
XRA B& XOR A and B
A = A 5 B = 00100010 5 01000101 = 01100111 = 674
MCQ 1.41
A continuous time LTI system is described by

dx (t)
d 2 y (t)
dy (t)
+ 4x (t)
+4
+ 3y (t) = 2
2
dt
dt
dt
Assuming zero initial conditions, the response y (t) of the above system for the
input x (t) = e2t u (t) is given by
SOL 1.41
(A) (et e3t) u (t)
(B) (et e3t) u (t)
(C) (et + e3t) u (t)
(D) (et + e3t) u (t)
System is described as
dx (t)
d 2 y (t)
dt (t)
+ 4x (t)
+4
+ 3y (t) = 2
dt
dt
dt 2
Taking laplace transform on both side of given equation
s 2 Y (s) + 4sY (s) + 3Y (s) = 2sX (s) + 4X (s)
(s 2 + 4s + 3) Y (s) = 2 (s + 2) X (s) s
Transfer function of the system
2 (s + 2)
Y (s)
2 (s + 2)
H (s) =
=
= 2
(s + 3) (s + 1)
X (s) s + 4s + 3
Input
or,
Output
x (t) = e2t u (t)

X (s) = 1
(s + 2)
Y (s) = H (s) : X (s)
2 (s + 2)
Y (s) =
: 1
(s + 3) (s + 1) (s + 2)
By Partial fraction
Y (s) =
1 1
s+1 s+3
Taking inverse laplace transform

y (t) = (et e3t) u (t)
MCQ 1.42
The transfer function of a discrete time LTI system is given by

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2 3 z1
4
H (z) =
3
1
1 z + 1 z2
8
4
Consider the following statements:
S1: The system is stable and causal for ROC: z > 1/2
S2: The system is stable but not causal for ROC: z < 1/4
S3: The system is neither stable nor causal for ROC: 1/4 < z < 1/2
Which one of the following statements is valid ?
(A) Both S1 and S2 are true
(B) Both S2 and S3 are true
(C) Both S1 and S3 are true
SOL 1.42
(D) S1, S2 and S3 are all true

We have
2 34 z 1
H (z) =
1 34 z 1 + 18 z 2
By partial fraction H (z ) can be written as
1
1
H (z ) =
1 1 +
1 1
1
z
1
^
h ^
h
2
4z
For ROC : z > 1/2
n
n
h [n] = b 1 l u [n] + b 1 l u [n], n > 0
2
4
1
= an u [n], z > a
1 z 1
Thus system is causal. Since ROC of H (z ) includes unit circle, so it is stable also.
Hence S1 is True
For ROC : z < 1
4
n
n
h [n] =b 1 l u [ n 1] + b 1 l u (n), z > 1 , z < 1
2
2
4
4
System is not causal. ROC of H (z ) does not include unity circle, so it is not stable
and S 3 is True
MCQ 1.43
SOL 1.43
The Nyquist sampling rate for the signal

sin (500t) sin (700) t
is given by
s (t) =
#
t
t
(A) 400 Hz
(B) 600 Hz
(C) 1200 Hz
(D) 1400 Hz
Hence(C) is correct option.

S (t) = sin c (500t) sin c (700t)
S (f ) is convolution of two signals whose spectrum covers f 1 = 250 Hz and f 2 = 350 Hz
. So convolution extends
f = 25 + 350 = 600 Hz
Nyquist sampling rate

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N = 2f = 2 # 600 = 1200 Hz
MCQ 1.44
A unity negative feedback closed loop system has a plant with the transfer function
G (s) = s + 21s + 2 and a controller Gc (s) in the
feed forward path. For a unit set input, the transfer function of the controller that
gives minimum steady state error is
(B) Gc (s) = s + 2
(A) Gc (s) = s + 1
s+2
s+1
2
(s + 1) (s + 4)
(D) Gc (s) = 1 + 2 + 3s
s
(s + 2) (s + 3)
Steady state error is given as
sR (s)
eSS = lim
s " 0 1 + G (s) GC (s)
R (s) = 1
s
1
eSS = lim
s " 0 1 + G (s) GC (s)
1
= lim
s"0
GC (s)
1+ 2
s + 2s + 2
eSS will be minimum if lim GC (s) is maximum
s"0
In option (D)
lim GC (s) = lim 1 + 2 + 3s = 3
s
s"0
s"0
So,
eSS = lim 1 = 0 (minimum)
s"0 3
(C) Gc (s) =
SOL 1.44
(unit step unit)

MCQ 1.45
X (t) is a stationary process with the power spectral density Sx (f ) > 0 , for all f .
The process is passed through a system shown below
Let Sy (f ) be the power spectral density of Y (t). Which one of the following
statements is correct
(A) Sy (f ) > 0 for all f
(B) Sy (f ) = 0 for f > 1 kHz
(C) Sy (f ) = 0 for f = nf0, f0 = 2 kHz kHz, n any integer
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(D) Sy (f ) = 0 for f = (2n + 1) f0 = 1 kHz , n any integer

SOL 1.45
For the given system, output is written as

y (t) = d [x (t) + x (t 0.5)]
dt
dx (t) dx (t 0.5)
y (t) =
+
dt
dt
Taking laplace on both sides of above equation
Y (s) = sX (s) + se0.5s X (s)
Y (s)
H (s) =
= s (1 + e0.5s)
X (s)
H (f ) = jf (1 + e0.5 # 2f ) = jf (1 + e f )
Power spectral density of output
SY (f ) = H (f ) 2 SX (f ) = f 2 (1 + e f ) 2 SX (f )
1 + e f = 0
f = (2n + 1) f0
or
f0 = 1 KHz
For SY (f ) = 0 ,
MCQ 1.46
A plane wave having the electric field components Evi = 24 cos ^3 # 108 y h atx
V/m and traveling in free space is incident normally on a lossless medium with
= 0 and = 90 which occupies the region y $ 0 . The reflected magnetic field
component is given by
(A) 1 cos (3 # 108 t + y) atx A/m
10
(B)
1 cos (3 108 t + y) at A/m

#
x
20
(C) 1 cos (3 # 108 t + y) atx A/m

20
SOL 1.46
(D) 1 cos (3 # 108 t + y) atx A/m

10
In the given problem
Reflection coefficient
=
2 1
= 400 120 = 1
2 + 1
2
40 + 120

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is negative So magnetic field component does not change its direction Direction
of incident magnetic field
atE # atH = atK
atZ # atH = aty
atH = atx ( + x direction)
So, reflection magnetic field component
Hr = # 24 cos (3 # 108 + y) atx , y $ 0
= 1 # 24 cos (3 # 108 + y) atx , y $ 0

2 # 120
8
= = 3 # 108 = 1
vC
3 # 10
So, Hr = 1 cos (3 # 108 + y) atx , y $ 0
10

MCQ 1.47
SOL 1.47
In the circuit shown, all the transmission line sections are lossless. The Voltage
Standing Wave Ration(VSWR) on the 60 line is
(A) 1.00
(B) 1.64
(C) 2.50
(D) 3.00
For length of /4 transmission line

Z + jZo tan l
Z in = Zo ; L
Zo + jZL tan l E
ZL = 30 ,
Zo = 30 , = 2 , l =
4
So,
tan l = tan b 2 : l = 3
4
R ZL
V
S tan l + jZo W
2
W = Z 0 = 60
Z in = Zo S
S Zo + jZL W ZL
S tan l
W
T
X
For length of /8 transmission line
Z + jZo tan l
Z in = Zo ; L
Zo + jZL tan l E

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Zo = 30 , ZL = 0 (short)
tan l = tan b 2 : l = 1
8
Z in = jZo tan l = 30j

Circuit is shown below.
Reflection coefficient
60 + 3j 60
=
= ZL Zo =
60 + 3j + 60
ZL + Zo
1+
VSWR =
= 1 + 17 = 1.64
1
1 17
1
17
Common Data Questions: 48 & 49 :

Consider the common emitter amplifier shown below with the following circuit
parameters:
= 100, gm = 0.3861 A/V, r0 = 259 , RS = 1 k, RB = 93 k,
RC = 250 k, RL = 1 k, C1 = 3 and C2 = 4.7 F
MCQ 1.48
SOL 1.48
The resistance seen by the source vS is

(A) 258
(B) 1258
(C) 93 k
(D) 3
By small signal equivalent circuit analysis

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Input resistance seen by source vs

R in = vs = Rs + Rs || rs
is
= (1000 ) + (93 k || 259 ) = 1258
MCQ 1.49
The lower cut-off frequency due to C2 is

(A) 33.9 Hz
(B) 27.1 Hz
(C) 13.6 Hz
SOL 1.49
(D) 16.9 Hz
Cut-off frequency due to C2

1
fo =
2 (RC + RL) C2
1
fo =
= 271 Hz
2 # 3.14 # 1250 # 4.7 # 106
Lower cut-off frequency
f
fL . o = 271 = 27.1 Hz
10
10
Common Data Question : 50 & 51 :

The signal flow graph of a system is shown below:
MCQ 1.50
The state variable representation of the system can be

1 1
0
1 1
0
o
xo = >
x +> Hu
H
(A) x = > 1 0H x + >2H u
(B)
1 0
2
yo = 80 0.5B x
yo = [0 0.5] x
1
xo = >
(C)
1
yo = 80.5
1
0
x +> Hu
H
0
2
0.5B x

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1
xo = >
(D)
1
yo = 80.5
1
0
x +> Hu
H
0
2
0.5B x
Page 33
SOL 1.50
GATE EC 2010
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Assign output of each integrator by a state variable
xo1 = x1 + x2
xo2 = x1 + 2u
y = 0.5x1 + 0.5x2
State variable representation
1 1
0
x + > Hu
xo = >
H
1 0
2
yo = [0.5 0.5] x
MCQ 1.51
The transfer function of the system is

(A) s2+ 1
s +1
s+1
s +s+1
By massons gain formula
(C)
SOL 1.51
(D)
Transfer function
H (s) =
Y (s)
=
U (s)
(B) s2 1
s +1
s1
s +s+1
2
/ PK K
Forward path given

P1 (abcdef ) = 2 # 1 # 1 # 0.5 = 12
s
s
s
P2 (abcdef ) = 2 # 1 # 1 # 0.5
3
Loop gain L1 (cdc) = 1
s
L2 (bcdb) = 1 # 1 # 1 = 21
s
s
s
= 1 [L1 + L2] = 1 : 1 12 D = 1 + 1 + 12
s s
s s
1 = 1, 2 = 2
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Y (s)
= P1 1 + P2 2
U (s)
1 :1+1:1
2
(1 + s)
s
=s
= 2
1
1
(s + s + 1)
1+ + 2
s s
So,
H (s) =
Linked Answer Questions: Q. 52 to Q. 55
Statements for Linked Answer Question : 52 & 53 :

The silicon sample with unit cross-sectional area shown below is in thermal
equilibrium. The following information is given: T = 300 K electronic charge
= 1.6 # 1019 C , thermal voltage = 26 mV and electron mobility = 1350 cm2 / V-s
MCQ 1.52
The magnitude of the electric field at x = 0.5 m is

(A) 1 kV/cm
(B) 5 kV/cm
(C) 10 kV/cm
SOL 1.52
(D) 26 kV/cm
Sample is in thermal equilibrium so, electric field

E =
1 = 10 kV/cm
1 m

MCQ 1.53
The magnitude of the electron of the electron drift current density at x = 0.5 m is
(A) 2.16 # 10 4 A/cm2
(B) 1.08 # 10 4 A/m2
(C) 4.32 # 103 A/cm2
SOL 1.53
(D) 6.48 # 102 A/cm2
Electron drift current density

Jd = ND n eE
= 1016 # 1350 # 1.6 # 1019 # 10 # 1013
= 2.16 # 10 4 A/cm2

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Statement for linked Answer Question : 54 & 55 :

Consider a baseband binary PAM receiver shown below. The additive channel noise
n (t) is with power spectral density Sn (f ) = N 0 /2 = 1020 W/Hz . The low-pass filter
is ideal with unity gain and cut-off frequency 1 MHz. Let Yk represent the random
variable y (tk ).
Yk = Nk , if transmitted bit bk = 0
Yk = a + Nk if transmitted bit bk = 1
Where Nk represents the noise sample value. The noise sample has a probability
density function, PNk (n) = 0.5e n (This has mean zero and variance 2/ 2 ).
Assume transmitted bits to be equiprobable and threshold z is set to a/2 = 106 V .
MCQ 1.54
The value of the parameter (in V 1 ) is

(B) 107
(A) 1010
(C) 1.414 # 1010
SOL 1.54
(D) 2 # 1020
Let response of LPF filters

1,
f < 1 MHz
H (f ) = *
0, elsewhere
Noise variance (power) is given as
P = 2 =
#0
fo
2
H (f ) No df = 22 (given)
2 # 1020 df = 22
2 # 1020 # 106 = 22
2
= 1014
or
= 107
#0
MCQ 1.55
SOL 1.55
1 # 106
The probability of bit error is

(A) 0.5 # e3.5
(B) 0.5 # e5
(C) 0.5 # e7
(D) 0.5 # e10
Probability of error is given by

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Pe = 1 [P (0/1) + P (1/0)]
2
P (0/1) =
/2
# 3 0.5e n a dn = 0.5e10
a = 2 # 106 V and = 107 V 1
where
P (1/0) =
#a/32 0.5e n dn
= 0.5e10
Pe = 0.5e10
Q. No. 56 - 60 Carry One Mark Each :

MCQ 1.56
Which of the following options is closest in meaning to the world below:

(A) Cyclic
(B) Indirect
(C) Confusing
(D) Crooked
SOL 1.56
Circuitous means round about or not direct. Indirect is closest in meaning to this
circuitous
(A) Cyclic
: Recurring in nature
(B) Indirect
: Not direct
(C) Confusing
: lacking clarity of meaning
(D) Crooked
: set at an angle; not straight
MCQ 1.57
The question below consists of a pair of related words followed by four pairs of
words. Select the pair that best expresses the relation in the original pair.
Unemployed: Worker
(A) fallow : land
(B) unaware: sleeper
(C) wit : jester
(D) renovated : house
SOL 1.57
A worker may by unemployed. Like in same relation a sleeper may be unaware.

MCQ 1.58
Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
following sentence;
If we manage to ____ our natural resources, we would leave a better planet for
our children.
(A) uphold
(B) restrain
(C) Cherish
SOL 1.58
(D) conserve
Here conserve is most appropriate word.


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MCQ 1.59
GATE EC 2010
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Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the
following sentence:
His rather casual remarks on politics ___ his lack of seriousness about the subject
(A) masked
(B) belled
(C) betrayed
(D) suppressed
SOL 1.59
Betrayed means reveal unintentionally that is most appropriate.

MCQ 1.60
25 persons are in a room, 15 of them play hockey, 17 of them football and 10 of

them play both hockey and football. Then the number of persons playing neither
hockey nor football is ;
(A) 2
(B) 17
(C) 13
SOL 1.60
(D) 3

Number of people who play hockey
n (A) = 15
Number of people who play football
n (B) = 17
Persons who play both hockey and football
n (A + B) = 10
Persons who play either hockey or football or both :
n (A , B) = n (A) + n (B) n (A + B)
= 15 + 17 10 = 22
Thus people who play neither hockey nor football = 25 22 = 3
Q. No. 61-65 Carry Two Marks Each

MCQ 1.61
Modern warfare has changed from large scale clashes of armies to suppression of
civilian populations. Chemical agents that do their work silently appear to be
suited to such warfare; and regretfully, there exist people in military establishments
who think that chemical agents are useful tools for their cause.
Which of the following statements best sums up the meaning of the above passage :
(A) Modern warfare has resulted in civil strife.
(B) Chemical agents are useful in modern warfare.
(C) Use of chemical agents in warfare would be undesirable
(D) People in military establishment like to use agents in war
SOL 1.61
MCQ 1.62
If 137 + 276 = 435 how much is 731 + 672 ?

(A) 534
(B) 1403
(C) 1623
SOL 1.62
(D) 1513
Since 7 + 6 = 13 but unit digit is 5 so base may be 8 as 5 is the remainder when 13

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is divided by 8. Let us check.

137 8
276 8
435 Thus here base is 8. Now
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731 8
672 8
1623

MCQ 1.63
5 skilled workers can build a wall in 20 days; 8 semi-killed worker can build a wall
in 25 days; 10 unskilled workers can build a wall in 30 days. If a team has 2 killed,
6 semi-killed and 5 unskilled workers, how long will it take to build the wall
(A) 20 days
(B) 18 days
(C) 16 days
SOL 1.63
(D) 15 days

Let W be the total work.
=W
20
Per day work of one skill worker
= W =W
5 # 20 100
Similarly per day work of 1 semi-skilled workers
= W = W
8 # 25 200
Similarly per day work of one semi-skill worker = W
= W
10 # 30 300
Per day work of 5 skilled workers
Thus total per day work of 2 skilled, 6 semi-skilled and 5 unskilled workers is
= 2W + 6W + 5W = 12W + 18W + 10W = W
100 200 300
600
15
Therefore time to complete the work is 15 days.
MCQ 1.64
Given digits 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4 how many distinct 4 digit numbers greater than 3000
can be formed
(A) 50
(B) 51
(C) 52
SOL 1.64
(D) 54
As the number must be greater than 3000, it must be start with 3 or 4. Thus we
have two case:
Case (1) If left most digit is 3 an other three digits are any of 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4.
(1) Using 2, 2, 3 we have 3223, 3232, 3322 i.e. 3! = 3 no.
2!
2!
2!
(4) Using 2, 3, 4 we have 3! = 6 no.
2!

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2!
2!
(8) Using 4, 4, 4 we have 3444 i.e. 3! = 1 no.
3!
Total 4 digit numbers in this case is
1 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 6 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 1 = 25
Case 2 : If left most is 4 and other three digits are any of 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4.
(1) Using 2, 2, 3 we have 4223, 4232, 4322 i.e. . 3! = 3 no
2!
2!
2!
(4) Using 2, 3, 4 we have i.e. . 3! = 6 no
2!
(6) Using 3, 3, 3 we have 4333 i.e 3! = 1. no.
3!
2!
2!
(9) Using 4, 4, 4 we have 4444 i.e. 3! = 1. no
3!
Total 4 digit numbers in 2nd case
= 3 + 3 + 3 + 6 + 3 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 1 = 26
Thus total 4 digit numbers using case (1) and case (2) is = 25 + 26 = 51
MCQ 1.65
Hari(H), Gita(G), Irfan(I) and Saira(S) are sibilings (i.e. brothers and sisters). All
were born on Ist January. The age difference between any two successive siblings
(that is born one after another) is less than 3 years. Given the following facts:
(i) Haris age + Gitas age > Irfans age + Sairas age
(ii) The age difference between Gita and Saira is 1 year. However, Gita is not the
oldest and Saira is not the youngest
(iii) There are not twins.
In what order were they born (oldest first)
(A) HSIG

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(B) SGHI
Page 40
GATE EC 2010
(C) IGSH
SOL 1.65
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(D) IHSG
Let H , G , S and I be ages of Hari, Gita, Saira and Irfan respectively.

Now from statement (1) we have H + G > I + S
Form statement (2) we get that G S = 1 or S G = 1
As G cant be oldest and S cant be youngest thus either GS or SG possible.
From statement (3) we get that there are no twins
(A) HSIG : There is I between S and G which is not possible
(B) SGHI : SG order is also here and S > G > H > I and G + H > S + I which is
possible.
(C) IGSH : This gives I > G and S > H and adding these both inequalities we
have I + S > H + G which is not possible.
(D) IHSG : This gives I > H and S > G and adding these both inequalities we
have I + S > H + G which is not possible.
Answer Sheet
1.
(C)
13.
(B)
25.
(C)
37.
(D)
49.
(B)
61.
(D)
2.
(C)
14.
(A)
26.
(A)
38.
(B)
50.
(D)
62.
(C)
3.
(D)
15.
(C)
27.
(D)
39.
(D)
51.
(C)
63.
(D)
4.
(A)
16.
(D)
28.
(C)
40.
(C)
52.
(C)
64.
(B)
5.
(D)
17.
(B)
29.
(C)
41.
(B)
53.
(A)
65.
(B)
6.
(A)
18.
(B)
30.
(B)
42.
(C)
54.
(B)
7.
(B)
19.
(A)
31.
(D)
43.
(C)
55.
(D)
8.
(B)
20.
(C)
32.
(A)
44.
(D)
56.
(B)
9.
(A)
21.
(B)
33.
(A)
45.
(D)
57.
(B)
10.
(A)
22.
(C)
34.
(A)
46.
(A)
58.
(D)
11.
(D)
23.
(D)
35.
(B)
47.
(B)
59.
(C)
12.
(*)
24.
(C)
36.
(C)
48.
(B)
60.
(D)

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GATE EC

Q. No. 1 - 25 Carry One Mark Each

The eigen values of a skew-symmetric matrix are

(D) always real

Eigen value of a Skew-symmetric matrix are either zero or pure imaginary in

For a function x (t) trigonometric fourier series is

/ [An cos nt + Bn sin nt]

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For an even function x (t), Bn = 0

(D) n (x) = K exp ( x/L)

Given differential equation

Boundary condition, n (3) = 0 so take = 1

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By writing node equation at input port

By writing node equation at output port

From (1) and (2), we have admittance matrix

A parallel RLC circuit is shown below :

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Thus (D) is not true.

i.e B \ 1 and is independent of L,

(D) 3600 cm2 / V-s

Thin gate oxide in a CMOS process in preferably grown using

(D) ion implantation

Dry oxidation is used to achieve high quality oxide growth.

The value of current Io is approximately

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Since, emitter area of transistor Q1 is half of transistor Q2 , so current

The circuit is as shown below :

Hence (B) is correct option.

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The equivalent circuit of given amplifier circuit (when CE is connected, RE is shortcircuited)

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Hence (A) is correct option.

Match the logic gates in Column A with their equivalents in Column B

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(A) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3

(B) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3

(C) P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-1

(D) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1

Hence Correct Option is (D)

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Since G2 is active low input, output of NAND gate must be 0

Hence (A) is correct option. Hence (A) is correct option.

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Hence (C) is correct option

For a N -point FET algorithm N = 2m which one of the following statements is

The transfer function Y (s) /R (s) of the system shown is

H (s) = Y (s) E (s) $

E (s) = R (s) H (s)

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From (1) and (2)

Transfer function is given as

x (t) = p cos a2t k

y (t) = H (j) x (t h) = cos a2t k

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