BAB IV
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT (PANGKAL JEMBATAN)
27
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
= 1,90 ton/m3
= 0,25
k = s (1 - n)
= 1,90 (1 - 0,43) = 1,0830 t/m3
b = k (1 + w)
= 1,0830 (1 + 0,25) = 1,3538 t/m3
sat = k + n
= 1,0830 + 0,43 = 1,5130 t/m3
= sat - 1
= 1,5130 - 1 = 0,5130 t/m3
28
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
h = 7 m
h1 = 3 m
h2 = 4 m
k
b
sat
P = 4,36364 t
Q = 0,8000 t/m2
=
=
=
=
1,0830
1,3538
1,5130
0,5130
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
t/m3
Ea4 = h22 w
Ea2 = h12 b Ka
Ea5 = h22 Ka
Ea3 = h1 h2 b Ka
Ea6 = P K a h
Tabel 4.1 Perhitungan Gaya Horisontal (Ea) dan Momen (t-m), ditinjau untuk tiap 1 m
h
b
Akibat beban merata
1
7
0,8000
2
3
4,0614
3
4
4,0614
4
4
4,0000
5
4
2,0520
Akibat baban titik
6 2,89
2,5193
H (ton)
Ka
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
ke A (m)
Momen (t-m)
b h Ka
b h Ka
b h Ka
bh
b h Ka
1,8667
2,0307
5,4152
8,0000
1,3680
3,5000
5,0000
2,0000
1,3333
1,3333
6,5334
10,1535
10,8304
10,6664
1,8240
bh
3,6404
22,3210
4,5967
16,7338
56,7415
1
2
3
4
5
h
0,3
1,1
1,6
4,8
0,8
b
0,5
0,8
0,8
0,8
6,0
A=
A (m2)
0,15
0,88
0,64
3,84
4,80
10,31
x = 2,881 m
y = 2,317 m
Tanah pengisi
a
b
c
d
e
f
Berat (ton)
1,8 0,3 1,0 1,90 = 1,0260
0,3 0,3 1,0 1,90 = 0,1710
1,8 1,1 1,0 1,90 = 3,7620
1,8 1,6 1,0 1,90 = 5,7420
0,8 1,6 1,0 1,90 = 1,2160
2,6 3,2 1,0 0,5130 = 4,2682
= 16,1852
V M
A W
maks =
40,9292 23,6849
+
= 10,7690 t/m2
6
6
min =
40,9292 23,6849
= 2,8741 t/m2
6
6
V (ton)
19,4863
24,0489
24,7440
16,1852
84,4644
maks =
M (t-m)
2,3187
2,8618
- 2,9445
- 30,1121
56,7415
28,1909
84,4644 28,1909
+
= 18,7759 t/m2
6
6
30
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
min =
84,4644 28,1909
= 9,3789 t/m2
6
6
maks =
maks = 14,0774 + 1,7237 + 5,8080 = 21,6091 t/m2 < qa = 2,25 kg/cm2 (22,5 t/m2)
Kombinasi 2 (125% qa)
Jarak titik berat beban mati dan beban hidup terhadap titik berat tumpuan = 3,0-2,881
= 0,119 m
gaya memanjang karena gesekan tumpuan = 0,25 M = 0,25 19,4863 = 4,8716 ton
Momen = 4,8716 0,119 = 0,5797 tm
Beban
Mati
Abutment
Tanah pengisi
Tekanan tanah aktif
F
V (ton)
19,4863
24,7440
16,1852
60,4155
M (t-m)
2,3187
- 2,9445
- 30,1121
56,7415
0,5797
26,5833
maks =
60,4155 26,5833
+
= 14,4998 t/m2
6
6
min =
60,4155 26,5833
= 5,6387 t/m2
6
6
maks =
maks = 10,0693 + 1,7237 + 5,8080 = 17,6010 t/m2 < 1,25 qa = 2,8125 kg/cm2 (28,125 t/m2)
B. Kontrol Stabilitas terhadap Penggulingan
Momen yang menggulingkan = 56,7415 + 0,5797 = 57,3212 tm
Momen yang menahan guling (titik penggulingan pada tepi luar)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Abutment
Tanah pengisi
Mati
Hidup
24,7440 (6 2,881)
=
=
19,4863 3
24,0489 3
=
=
=
=
=
77,1765
30,1121
58,4589
72,1467
237,8942
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
31
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
237,8942
= 4,15 > 1,5 O K
57,3212
23,6305
= 1,06
22,3210
h
b
Akibat beban merata
1
6,2
0,8000
2
3
4,0614
3
3,2
4,0614
4
3,2
4,0000
5
3,2
2,0520
Akibat baban titik
6 2,89
2,5193
H (ton)
Ka
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
ke I (m)
Momen (t-m)
b h Ka
b h Ka
b h Ka
bh
b h Ka
1,6533
2,0307
4,3322
6,4000
1,0944
3,1000
4,2000
1,6000
1,0667
1,0667
5,1252
8,5289
6,9315
6,8269
1,1674
bh
3,6404
3,7967
13,8215
42,4014
M
h
d
k
b
maks
min
= 424,0140 KNm
= 800 mm
= 740 mm
= 0,9679 MPa
= 0,028069
= 0,02105175
= 3,5897 10-3
perlu
Asperlu
Tulangan pokok
Asterpakai
Tulangan bagi
=
=
=
=
=
2,5410 10-3
2656,3780 mm2
16-75
2800,8253
16-250
32
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
B. Penulangan Titik J
Tabel 4.4 Perhitungan Gaya Horisontal (Ea) dan Momen (t-m), ditinjau untuk tiap 1 m thd ttk J
h
b
Akibat beban merata
1
3,0
0,8000
2
3,0
4,0614
Akibat baban titik
6a
1,56 1,3599
6b
1,56 1,1594
ke J (m)
b h Ka
b h Ka
0,8
2,0307
1,5000
1,0000
1,2000
2,0307
bh
bh
1,0607
1,8087
1,04
0,78
1,1031
1,4108
5,7446
Ka
1/3
1/3
Momen (tm)
M
h
d
k
b
maks
min
= 57,4460 KNm
= 800 mm
= 740 mm
= 0,1311 MPa
= 0,028069
= 0,02105175
= 3,5897 10-3
perlu
Asperlu
Tulangan pokok
Asterpakai
Tulangan bagi
=
=
=
=
=
3,3720 10-3
2656,3780 mm2
16-75
2800,8253
16-250
C. Penulangan Titik K
Tabel 4.5 Perhitungan Gaya Horisontal (Ea) dan Momen (t-m), ditinjau untuk tiap 1 m thd ttk K
h
b
Akibat beban merata
1
1,4
0,8000
2
1,4
4,0614
Ka
1/3
1/3
b h Ka
b h Ka
ke J (m)
0,3733
0,9477
0,7000
0,4667
Momen (tm)
0,2613
0,4423
0,7036
M
h
d
k
b
maks
min
= 7,0360 KNm
= 500 mm
= 440 mm
= 0,0454 MPa
= 0,028069
= 0,02105175
= 3,5897 10-3
perlu
Asperlu
Tulangan pokok
Asterpakai
Tulangan bagi
=
=
=
=
=
1,1653 10-4
1579,4680 mm2
16-125
1680,4952
16-250
33
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
0,8 m
y2
2,6 m
y1
9,3789
y1 = 9,3789 +
3,4
9,3970 = 14,7039 t/m2
6
y 2 = 9,3789 +
2,6
9,3970 = 13,4509 t/m2
6
18,7759
2,6 1
2 2,6
2 2
3
b
maks
min
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
588,7480 KNm
800 mm
740 mm
1,3439 MPa
0,028069
0,02105175
3,5897 10-3
perlu
Asperlu
Tulangan pokok
Asterpakai
Tulangan bagi
=
=
=
=
=
3,5623 10-3
2656,3780 mm2
16-75
2800,8253
16-250
Berat (ton)
1,8 0,3 1,0 1,90 = 1,0260
0,3 0,3 1,0 1,90 = 0,1710
1,8 1,1 1,0 1,90 = 3,7620
1,8 1,6 1,0 1,90 = 5,7420
0,8 1,6 1,0 1,90 = 1,2160
2,6 3,2 1,0 0,5130 = 4,2682
= 16,1852
34
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
H (ton)
Ka
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
ke I (m)
Momen (t-m)
b h Ka
b h Ka
b h Ka
bh
b h Ka
1,6533
2,0307
4,3322
6,4000
1,0944
3,1000
4,2000
1,6000
1,0667
1,0667
5,1252
8,5289
6,9315
6,8269
1,1674
bh
3,6404
3,7967
13,8215
42,4014
M
h
d
k
b
maks
min
112,3890 KNm
800 mm
740 mm
0,2565 MPa
0,028069
0,02105175
3,5897 10-3
perlu
Asperlu
Tulangan pokok
Asterpakai
Tulangan bagi
=
=
=
=
=
6,6171 10-4
2656,3780 mm2
16-75
2800,8253
16-250
E. Penulangan Sayap
im
6,2 m
E
m
b
im
C
D
2,6 m
35
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
Perhitungan Gaya Horisontal (Ea) dan Momen (t-m), ditinjau untuk tiap 1 m
h
b
Akibat beban merata
1
6,2
0,8000
2
3
4,0614
3
3,2
4,0614
4
3,2
4,0000
5
3,2
2,0520
Akibat baban titik
6 2,89
2,5193
H (ton)
Ka
1/3
1/3
1/3
1/3
ke I (m)
Momen (t-m)
b h Ka
b h Ka
b h Ka
bh
b h Ka
1,6533
2,0307
4,3322
6,4000
1,0944
3,1000
4,2000
1,6000
1,0667
1,0667
5,1252
8,5289
6,9315
6,8269
1,1674
bh
3,6404
3,7967
13,8215
42,4014
im = m
min =
1,4 1,4
=
= 3,5897 10 3
f y 390
As f y
0,85 f b
'
c
502,558 390
= 9,2 mm
0,85 25 1000
mu = As f y (d a2 )
254,766
b2
1)
Bagian ABCE
1579,5492
125,736 13,52b
2)
1) = 2)
254,766
1579,5492
=
2
125,736 13,52b
b
1579,5492b 2 + 3444,4363b 32033,2578 = 0
b = 3,5431 m
36
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
qu =
254,766
= 20,2943 KN/m
3,54312
Arah CD
d = 200 - 60 = 140 mm
M
110,3985 10 6
k=
=
= 2,7080 MPa
b d 2 0,8 2600 140 2
b = 0,85
f c' 1
fy
0,003
0,003 +
fy
= 0,85
25 0,85
390
Es
0,003
= 0,028069
390
0,003 +
200000
perlu = 0,85
min =
f c'
fy
2k
1 1
0,85 f c'
25
2 2,7080
= 0,85
= 7,4534 10 3
1 1
390
0,85 25
1,4 1,4
=
= 3,5897 10 3
f y 390
210,0619 2600
= 201,3098 mm
2713,0376
210,0619 2600
= 2730,8047 mm2
200
Arah AC
m = qu ( 12 2,6 b ) 23,6 + qu ((6,2 b ) 2,6) 22,6 = 263,2617 KNm (untuk lebar plat 6,2 m)
M = 263,2617 KNm
h = 200 mm
k=
d = 200 - 60 = 140 mm
M
263,2617 10 6
=
= 2,7080 MPa
b d 2 0,8 6200 140 2
37
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT
b = 0,85
f c' 1
fy
0,003
0,003 +
fy
= 0,85
25 0,85
390
Es
0,003
= 0,028069
390
0,003 +
200000
f c'
fy
2k
1 1
0,85 f c'
25
2 2,7080
= 0,85
1 1
= 7,4534 10 3
390
0,85 25
1,4 1,4
=
= 3,5897 10 3
f y 390
210,0619 6200
= 201,3098 mm
6469,5512
As =
210,0619 6200
= 6511,9189 mm2
200
Elemen struktur
Dinding (titik I)
(titik J)
Parapet (titik K)
Dasar abutment
Bagian depan dinding
Bagian belakang dinding
Sayap
Tulangan
pokok
16-75
16-75
16-125
bagi
16-250
16-250
16-250
16-75
16-75
16-200
16-250
16-250
16-250
38
PERENCANAAN ABUTMENT