PENGERTIAN ARITMIA
Aritmia atau disritmia adalah perubahan pada
frekuensi dan irama jantung yang disebabkan
oleh konduksi elektrolit abnormal atau
otomatis (Doenges, 1999). Aritmia timbul
akibat
perubahan
elektrofisiologi
sel-sel
miokardium. Perubahan elektrofisiologi ini
bermanifestasi sebagai perubahan bentuk
potensial aksi yaitu rekaman grafik aktivitas
listrik sel (Price, 1994). Gangguan irama
jantung tidak hanya terbatas pada iregularitas
denyut jantung tapi juga termasuk gangguan
kecepatan denyut dan konduksi (Hanafi, 1996).
POTENSIAL AKSI
PATOFISIOLOGI ARITMIA
I.
balik
(Re-entrant
ETIOLOGI
FAKTOR RESIKO
Skan
pencitraan
miokardia :
dapat
menunjukkan
aea
iskemik/kerusakan miokard yang dapat mempengaruhi konduksi
normal atau mengganggu gerakan dinding dan kemampuan pompa.
ANTIDISRITMIA
DOSIS
Prokainamid
(Pronestyl,
Procan)
Disopiramid
(Norpace)
Fenitoin
(Dilantin)
Tokainid
(Tonocard)
Meksiletin
(Mexitil)
OBAT
Enkandin
(Enkaid)
DOSIS
D: PO: 2 mg, setiap 8 jam;
dapat ditingkatkan sampai 5075 mg setiap 8 jam
PEMAKAIAN DAN
PERTIMBANGAN
Untuk disritmia ventrikel, tapi dapat menyebabkan
disritmia ventikular baru. Kategori kehamilan B.
Disetujui FDA untuk situasi yg mengancam jiwa.
Asebutolol
(Sectral)
Metoprolol (selektif)
Amiodaron
(Cordarone)
KASUS 8
(ARITMIA + HIPERTENSI + DISLIPIDEMIA)
Mr. GD (50yo) have had irregular heart beat
and pain on his chest. The doctor gave him
amiodarone 800mg/day for amont. Next,
the dosage will be reduced into 400mg/day
atovastatin tab 20mg for night time, and
labetalol 2x/day 100mg
DATA KLINIS
DATA SUBJEKTIF
Irama jantung yang
tidak beraturan
Nyeri dada
DATA OBJEKTIF
TD = 140/95 mmhg
BB = 80 kg; TB = 170
cm
LDL = 80
Trigliserida = 310
GD = 210
Suhu tubuh = 37,2 C
EKG = premature
ventricular compleks
ANALISIS TERAPI
no
Nama obat
Dosis
Efek terapi
ADR
1.
Amiodaron
800mg/hari
selama 1 bulan
pertama
kemudian
diturunkan
400mg/hari untuk
1 bulan
selanjutnya
Sebagai antiaritmia
golongan III
Tidak ada
2.
Labetalol
100mg/hari
Tidak ada
3.
atorvastatin
20mg/ hari
Golongan statin yg
berfungsi sebagai
antikolesterol
REKOMENDASI
week
maintenance
period
followed
during
which
hydrochlorothiazide
hydrochlorothiazide could
could be
be added.
added. At
At the
the end
end of
of the
the maintenance
maintenance
phase,
phase, the
the doses
doses of
of labetalol
labetalol and
and metoprolol
metoprolol were
were tapered
tapered over
over a
a
two
two to
to four
four day
day period
period after
after which
which patients
patients received
received a
a placebo
placebo for
for
one
one week.
week. Blood
Blood pressure
pressure in
in the
the supine
supine and
and standing
standing position
position was
was
measured
measured at
at each
each visit.
visit. Labetalol
Labetalol and
and metoprolol
metoprolol both
both significantly
significantly
(p
(p less
less than
than 0.01)
0.01) lowered
lowered the
the supine
supine and
and standing
standing blood
blood pressure
pressure
from
from baseline
baseline with
with no
no significant
significant difference
difference found
found between
between the
the two
two
treatment
treatment groups.
groups. Both
Both drugs
drugs lowered
lowered the
the heart
heart rate;
rate; however,
however, the
the
rate-lowering
rate-lowering effect
effect was
was significantly
significantly greater
greater with
with metoprolol
metoprolol (p
(p
less
less than
than 0.01).
0.01). There
There were
were no
no significant
significant effects
effects of
of either
either drug
drug on
on
plasma
plasma lipids
lipids or
or lipoprotein
lipoprotein fractions.
fractions. Fatigue
Fatigue was
was the
the most
most
frequently
frequently reported
reported complaint
complaint with
with both
both drugs.
drugs. Dizziness,
Dizziness,
dyspepsia,
dyspepsia, and
and nausea
nausea were
were more
more common
common with
with labetalol;
labetalol;
bradycardia
bradycardia was
was more
more common
common with
with metoprolol.
metoprolol. There
There was
was no
no blood
blood
pressure
pressure "overshoot"
"overshoot" after
after withdrawing
withdrawing drug
drug treatment;
treatment; however,
however, a
a
heart
heart rate
rate "overshoot"
"overshoot" was
was seen
seen after
after metoprolol
metoprolol was
was tapered
tapered off
off
and
and stopped.
stopped. Labetalol
Labetalol is
is as
as safe
safe and
and effective
effective as
as metoprolol
metoprolol in
in the
the
treatment
treatment of
of patients
patients with
with mild
mild to
to moderate
moderate hypertension.
hypertension.
Multiclinic comparison of labetalol to metoprolol in
treatment of mild to moderate systemic hypertension.
Frishman WH, Michelson EL, Johnson BF, Poland MP. Am J Med.1983
Oct 17;75(4A):54-67.
AMIODARONE
LABETALOL
TERIMA