Appendix
Appendix
1 hari
24 jam kerja
= 60.000
= 7575,7576 kg / jam
Kemurnian dari Dimetil Tereftalat (DMT) adalah 99,7%, maka :
Jumlah Dimetil Tereftalat (DMT)
A.1
: 98,7333 kg/jam
Total
: 6582,2222 kg/jam
Komposisi Metanol
: 2880,3048 kg/jam
: 17,3861 kg/jam
Total
: 2897,6909 kg/jam
A.2
M (aq) 99,4%
W(l) 0,6%
(11)
(10)
AT 98,5%
I 1,5%
(9)
SB - 01
AT 83,933%
M 0,356%
W 0,029%
DMT 15,682%
AT
(12)
M
W
DMT
I
= F12
= F12
= 6582,2221 x 98,5%
= 6483,4888 kg/jam
= 297,7901 x 83,933%
= 249,9455 kg/jam
=
= 6483,4888 + 249,9455
= 6733,4340 kg/jam
I:
= 6582,2221 x 1,5%
= 98,7333 kg/ jam
=
= 98,7333 kg/jam
M:
= 58702,5542 x 99,4%
= 58350,3389 kg/jam
= 297,7901 x 0,356%
= 1,0607 kg/jam
=
= 58350,3389 + 1,0607
= 58351,3996 kg/jam
W:
= 58702,5542 x 0,6%
= 352,2153 kg/jam
= 297,7901 x 0,029%
= 0,0851 kg/jam
=
= 352,2153 + 0,0851
= 352,3004 kg/jam
DMT :
= 297,7901 x 15,6892%
= 46,6990 kg/ jam
=
= 46,6990 kg/jam
Masuk (kg/jam)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 9
Alur 10
Alur 11
Alur 12
Asam Tereftalat
6483,4888
249,9455
6733,4340
Metanol
58350,3389
1,0607
58351,3996
Air
352,2153
0,0851
352,3004
Dimetil Tereftalat
46,6989
46,6990
Impuritis
98,7333
98,7333
subtotal
58702,5542
6582,2221
297,7901
65582,5663
total
65582,5663
65582,5663
(12)
(14)
CN - 01
(13)
AT
M
W
DMT
I
Gambar A.2 Aliran Proses pada Ash Filter (CN-01)
= F13 + F14
65582,5663
= 98,7333 + F14
65483,8330 kg/jam
= F13
= 6733,4340 kg/jam
I:
= 98,7333 kg/jam
M:
= 58351,3996 kg/jam
W:
= 352,3004 kg/jam
DMT :
Keluar (kg/jam)
Masuk (kg/jam)
Alur 12
Alur 13
Alur 14
AT
6733,4340
6733,4340
58351,3996
58351,3996
352,3004
352,3004
DMT
46,6990
46,6990
98,7333
98,7333
subtotal
65582,5663
98,73333
65483,833
total
65582,5663
65582,5663
AT
M
W
DMT
+2
P- C6H4( COOH )2
CH3OH
+2
P-C6H4( COOCH3 )2
H2O
XAT = 0,96
=
r1
= 0,96 x
= 0,96 x 40,5316
= 38,9103 kmol/jam
= F15
65582,5663 kg/jam
= F15
( r1 x
M:
( 2 x r1 x
1881,4180
W:
+ ( 2 x r1 x
+ ( r1 x
N15
DMT
N
15
39,1508
=0,0208
1881,4180
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 14
Alur 15
AT
6733,4340
269,3374
58351,3996
55857,8695
352,3004
1754,3177
DMT
46,6990
7602,3084
total
65483,833
65483,833
Komponen
(18)
AT
M
W
DMT
(17)
CN - 03
(11)
AT
M
W
DMT
P Yi
Pio
TRIAL
T, Suhu
ZA,ZB,ZC,ZD
P
APAKAH
XA + XB +XC + XD=1 ?
YES
NO
T = T DEW
POINT
sebagai berikut :
ln P o = 20,156
7524,1
, untuk DMT
T
ln P o = 31,485
16880
, untuk AT
T
ln P o = 18,5875
ln P o = 19,421
dengan :
B
T
3626,55
, untuk Metanol
T 34,29
4770,9
, untuk air
T 19,421
= suhu, kelvin
AT =
=
= 0,8313 mmHg
874 0,0009
0,8313
AT =
0,9463
M=
P
PoM
M=
874 0,9266
82095,5094
M=
0,0099
=
= 35421,0933 mmHg
AT
.
o
PAT
AT =
=
= 82095,5094 mmHg
P
Po
874 0,0518
35421,0933
= 0,0013
=
DMT =
DMT
o
PDMT
= 419,6788 mmHg
AT =
874 0,0208
419,6788
AT =
0,0433
0,9463 + 0,0099 + 0,0013 +
0,0433
= 1,0008
Suhu dew point berkisar 260oC , HE-01 digunakan terlebih dahulu untuk
mendinginkan produk gas dari reaktor sebelum produk gas didesublimasi. HE-01
akan menurunkan suhu gas produk dari 330 oC sampai suhu 270 oC .
Kesetimbangan
Diasumsikan bahwa produk yang keluar dari desublimator telah mencapai
kesetimbangan yaitu kesetimbangan 2 fase dan 4 komponen. Sehingga komposisi
dan jumlah komponen di fase gas dan fase padat bisa dihitung dengan alogaritma
sebagai berikut :
Pio
mi =
P
dan Xi =
Zi 1 L
mi L
TRIAL
L/G
T,P
ZA,ZB, ZC,ZD
APAKAH
XA + XB +XC + XD =1 ?
dan
YA + YB + YC + YD =1?
YES
NO
Congratulation
mAT =
PoAT
P
0,0643
874
mAT =
= 0,0643
mAT =0,0001
yAT = mAT
AT
yAT = 0,0001
AT =
0,0009 (1+0,0009485)
0,0001+ 0,0009485
mmHg
PoM
mM =
P
mM =
=
PoM = 43656,5666
yM = mM
yM = 0,9274
45656,5666
874
M=
09266 (1+0,0009485)
49,9503+ 0,0009485
mM =49,9503
mmHg
m =
m =
=
=17097,0560
Po
P
y =m
y = 0,0518
17097,0560
874
0,0518 (1+0,0009485)
19,5618+ 0,0009485
m =19,5618
mmHg
PoDMT
mDMT =
P
mDMT =
=
=134,1255
yDMT = mDMT
DMT
yDMT = 0,0207
134,1255
874
DMT =
0,0208 (1+0,0009485)
0,1535+ 0,0009485
mDMT =0,1535
mmHg
= 1,0000
= 1,0000
kmol
jam
18
18
11
=L
18
L11 = N17
= 0,0009485
= 0,0009485
1881,4180
= 1,0009485
1879,6352
kmol
jam
kmol
=
jam
11
AT =
AT
L11
MrAT
11
AT =
0,8439 1,7828
11
AT =
249,9455 kg/jam
166,128
18
18
AT =
yAT
18
AT =
0,0001 1879,6352
18
AT =
19,3919 kg jam
18
MrAT
19,3919
166,128
kmol
jam
0,0001
M:
11
M=
L11
MrM
11
M=
0,0186 1,7828
11
M=
1,0607 kg/jam
32,042
18
18
M=
18
M=
0,9274 1879,6352
18
M=
55856,8088 kg jam
18
= MrM =
M
MrM
55856,8088
32,042
32,042
=1743,2373
kmol
jam
0,9274
W:
11
L11
11
= 0,0026 1,7828
11
= 0,0851 kg/jam
Mr
18,016
18
18
=y
18
= 0,0518 1879,6352
18
= 1754,2326 kg jam
18
= Mr =
Mr
1754,2326
18,016
18,016
=97,3708
0,0518
DMT :
11
DMT =
AT
L11
MrDMT
11
DMT =
0,1349 1,7828
11
DMT =
46,6989 kg/jam
194,18
18
18
DMT =
yDMT
18
DMT =
0,0208 1879,6352
18
DMT =
7555,6095 kg jam
18
= MrDMT =
DMT
MrDMT
7555,6095
194,18
= 38,9103
kmol
jam
0,0207
Masuk (kg/jam)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 17
Alur 11
Alur 18
Asam Tereftalat
269,3374
249,9455
19,3919
Metanol
55857,8695
1,0607
55856,8088
Air
1754,3177
0,0851
1754,2328
Dimetil Tereftalat
7602,3084
46,6990
7555,6095
subtotal
65483,8330
297,7901
65186,0428
total
65483,8330
65483,8330
M
W
(20)
AT
M
W
DMT
(19)
TS - 02
(21)
AT
M
W
DMT
Kesetimbangan
Trial T = 72oC (345,15 K) ; P = 1,1 atm (836mmHg) ; L/G = 0,281
PoAT
mAT =
P
=
=
mAT =
= 0,0000 mmHg
yAT = mAT
AT
yAT = 0,0000
0,0000
836
AT =
0,0001 (1+0,281)
0,0000+ 0,281
mAT =0,0000
mM =
PoM
P
yM = mM
yM = 0,9645
1013,6529
836
mM =
= 1013,6529
mM =1,2125
M=
0,9274 (1+0,281)
1,2125+ 0,281
mmHg
Po
m =
P
m =
=
= 269,9709 mmHg
y =m
y = 0,0355
269,9709
836
0,0518 (1+0,281)
0,3229+ 0,281
m =0,3229
mDMT =
PoDMT
P
yDMT = mDMT
yDMT = 0,0000
0,19333
836
mDMT =
= 0,1933
mDMT =0,0002
DMT
DMT =
0,0207 (1+0,281)
0,0002+ 0,281
mmHg
= 0,9999
= 1,0000
kmol
jam
20
20
21
=L
20
L21 = N
= 0,281
= 0,281
1879,6352
= 1,281
1467,3187
kmol
=
jam
L21
412,3165
kmol
jam
20
M:
21
AT =
AT
L21
MrAT
21
AT =
0,0003 412,3165
21
AT =
19,3919 kg/jam
21
M=
L21
166,128
MrM
21
M=
0,7955 412,3165
21
M=
10509,3580 kg/jam
32,042
20
20
AT =
yAT
20
AT =
0,0000 1467,3187
20
AT =
0,0000 kg jam
20
M=
20
20
M=
0,9645 1467,3187
20
M=
45347,4508 kg jam
MrAT
166,128
MrM
32,042
W:
DMT :
21
L21
21
= 0,1099 412,3165
21
= 816,2171 kg/jam
21
DMT =
DMT
Mr
L21
18,016
MrDMT
21
DMT =
0,0943 412,3165
21
DMT =
7555,6095 kg/jam
194,18
20
20
=y
20
= 0,0355 1467,3187
20
= 938,0156 kg jam
Mr
20
20
DMT =
yDMT
20
DMT =
0,0000 1467,3187
20
DMT =
0,000 kg jam
18,016
MrDMT
194,18
Masuk (kg/jam)
Alur 19
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 20
Alur 21
Asam Tereftalat
19,3919
19,3919
Metanol
55856,8088
45347,4508
10509,3580
Air
1754,2328
938,0156
816,2171
Dimetil Tereftalat
7555,6095
subtotal
65186,0428
total
65186,0428
7555,6095
46285,4664
18900,5765
65186,0428
(21)
(26)
CR - 01
(22)
AT
M
W
DMT
Data Kelarutan
Kelarutan Asam Terephthalic dalam g / 100 g metanol
Suhu, oC
25
160
Kelarutan
0,1
2,9
25
60
Kelarutan
1,0
5,7
ln S =
H
dT
RT 2
H 1
C
R T
Dari data kelarutan yang tersedia di plot 1/T (sumbu x) dengan ln S (sumbu y). Maka
diperoleh gambar sebagai berikut
1,5
1
y = -3221.2219x + 8.5014
0,5
ln S
0
-0,5
0,001
0,002
0,003
0,004
-1
Kelarutan AT dalam Metanol
-1,5
-2
-2,5
1/T
2
ln S
1,5
y = -4,939.3770x + 16.5668
1
0,5
Kelarutan DMT dalam Metanol
0
0,0029
0,003
0,0031
0,0032
0,0033
0,0034
1/T
Diperoleh persamaan :
:
ln S = 3221,2219
1
8,5014
T
DMT :
ln S = 4939,3770
1
16,5668
T
AT
T = 72oC (345,15 K)
AT :
ln S = 3221,2219
ln S = 0,8314
1
8,5014
345,15
21
AT
21
AT
21
M
100
10537,6821
100
21
AT
S = e 0,8314
S = 0,4355
DMT :
1
ln S = 4939,3770
16,5668
345,15
26
M
21
M
21
DMT
100
10537,6821
21
DMT (a
)=9,5447
S = e 2, 2560
21
DMT (a
)=670,5276
S = 9,5447
21
21
26
DMT (s)= DMT + DMT
ln S = 2,2560
100
21
(a
DMT
21
DMT (s)=7555,6095+27,0528
670,5276
21
DMT (s)=6912,1346
T = 10oC (283,15 K)
AT :
1
ln S = 3221,2219
8,5014
283,15
26
M
21
M
22
AT
100
10537,6821
22
AT
ln S = 2,8749
100
S = e 2,8749
22
AT
S = 0,0564
22
21
26
AT (s)= AT + AT
34
22
(a
AT
22
AT (s)=19,3919+3,6707
3,9634
22
AT (s)=19,0992
DMT
ln S = 4939,3770
1
16,5668
283,15
26
M
21
M
22
DMT
100
22
DMT (a
)=0,4158
22
DMT (a
)=29,2095
10537,6821
100
ln S = 0,8776
S =e
0,8776
S = 0,4158
22
21
21
DMT (s)= DMT (s)+ DMT
22
22
DMT (s)=6912,1346+670,5276
29,2095
DMT
(a )
22
DMT (s)=7553,4527
Komponen
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 21
Alur 26
Alur 22
19,3919
3,6707
3,9634
19,0992
Metanol
10509,3580
28,3241
10537,6821
Air
816,2171
8,1922
824,4093
670,5276
29,2095
6912,1346
7553,4527
total
A.2.7 Centrifuge (CF-01)
18967,8163
18967,8163
(23)
CF - 01
(22)
(25)
AT
M
W
DMT
AT
M
W
DMT
Alur 22
xi
AT (aq)
3,9624
0,0003
10537,6821
0,9247
824,4093
0,0723
DMT (aq)
29,2095
0,0027
=11395,2643
=1
2
AT (s)
22
DMT (s)
= 19,0992 + 7553,4527
= 7572,5520 kg/jam
90
10
=
padatan cairan
10
90
=
7572,5520 cairan
cairan
= 841,3947 kg/jam
x cairan
= 0,0003 x 841,3947
= 0,2926 kg/jam
=
= 3,9634
AT(s)
= 19,0992 kg/jam
M:
x cairan
x cairan
x cairan
= 7553,4527 kg/jam
Komponen
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 22
Alur 25
Alur 23
3,9634
0,2926
3,6707
19,0992
19,0992
Metanol
10537,6821
778,0732
9759,6089
Air
824,4093
60,8721
763,5372
29,2095
2,1567
27,0528
7553,4527
7553,4527
Subtotal
18967,8163
8413,9466
Total
18967,8163
10553,8697
18967,8163
AT
M
W
DMT
M
W
TS - 03
(24)
(26)
AT
M
W
DMT
Alur 24
Komponen
Ni =
Zi=
166,1280
0,0221
0,0001
32,0420
304,5880
0,8774
Fi
Mri
AT
3,6707
9759,6089
763,5372
18,016
42,3811
0,1221
DMT
27,0528
194,18
0,1393
0,0004
347,1305
Kesetimbangan
Trial T = 75oC (348,15 K) ; P = 1 atm (760mmHg) ; L/G = 0,00434
=
PoAT
mAT =
P
4,1406e 08
mAT =
760
=4,1406e-08
mmHg
yAT = mAT
yAT = 0,0000
AT =
mAT =5,45e 11
0,0001 (1+0,00434)
5,45e 11+ 0,00434
PoM
mM =
P
1133,2285
mM =
760
=
= 1133,2285
mmHg
Po
m =
P
304,1205
m =
760
= 304,1205
mmHg
yM = mM
m =0,400159
PoDMT
mDMT =
P
yM = 0,8787
M=
mM =1,49109
AT
0,8777 (1+0,00434)
1,49109+ 0,00434
y =m
y = 0,1213
=
0,1218 (1+0,00434)
0,400159+ 0,00434
yDMT = mDMT
DMT
yDMT = 0,0000
mDMT =
= 0,2332
mmHg
0,2332
760
DMT =
0,00004 (1+0,00434)
0,000+ 0,00434
mDMT =0,0000
= 1,000
= 1,0000
27
27
=L
= 0,00434
L26 = N
27
L26
1,5001
kmol
jam
= 0,00434
= 1,004346
345,6304
kmol
=
jam
26
AT =
AT :
AT
W:
DMT :
MrAT
27
AT =
yAT
27
MrAT
26
AT =
27
AT =
0,0000 345,6304
26
AT =
3,6677kg/jam
27
AT =
0,0000 kg jam
27
M=
27
27
M=
0,8787 345,6304
27
M=
9732,2075 kg jam
26
M=
M:
MrM
26
M=
0,5893 1,5001
26
M=
19,2935 kg/jam
26
26
= 0,3031 1,5001
26
= 5,5814 kg/jam
26
DMT =
DMT
32,042
Mr
18,016
MrDMT
27
MrM
27
=y
27
= 0,1213 345,6304
27
= 755,5569 kg jam
27
DMT =
yDMT
166,128
32,042
Mr
27
18,016
MrDMT
26
DMT =
27
DMT =
0,0000 345,6304
26
DMT =
27,0303 kg/jam
27
DMT =
0,000 kg jam
194,18
Masuk (kg/jam)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 24
Alur 26
Alur 27
Asam Tereftalat
3,6707
3,6707
Metanol
28,3241
9731,2849
Air
9759,6089
8,1922
755,3450
Dimetil Tereftalat
763,5372
27,0528
subtotal
27,0528
total
10553,8697
67,2398
10486,6298
10553,8697
AT
M
W
DMT
(31) M
W
Udara
(28)
Udara
W
RD - 01
(25)
(29)
AT
M
W
DMT
Alur 25
xi
AT
19,3919
0,0023
778,0732
0,0925
60,8721
0,0072
DMT
7555,6095
0,8980
= 8413,9466
=1,0000
25
AT +
25
DMT
= 19,3919 + 7555,6095
= 7575,0014 kg/jam
99,95
0,05
=
padatan cairan
99,95
0,05
=
7575,0014 cairan
cairan
= 3,7894 kg/jam
28
28
28
28
= 47,4768 kg/jam
=
= 19,3920 kg/jam
M:
cairan x (
)+
=
= 7555,6095 kg/jam
Keluar (kg/jam)
Masuk (kg/jam)
Alur 25
Alur 28
Alur 29
Alur 31
Asam Tereftalat
19,3919
19,3919
Metanol
778,0732
3,5144
774,5587
Air
60,8721
47,4768
0,2750
108,0739
Dimetil Tereftalat
7555,6095
7555,6095
Udara
15825,6
15825,6
subtotal
total
8413,9464 15873,077
24287,0234
7578,7908
16708,2327
24287,0234
TS - 05
(32)
(33)
M
W
Zi=
32,0420
24,1732
0,0420
108,0739
18,016
5,9988
0,0104
15825,6
29
545,7103
0,9476
Fi
Mri
774,5587
W
Udara
575,8824
Kesetimbangan
Trial T = -5oC (268,15 K) ; P = 1 atm (760mmHg) ; L/G = 0,03157
=
=
= 21,7616
mmHg
mM =
PoM
P
21,7616
mM =
760
mM =0,028634
yM = mM
yM = 0,020595
M=
0,0420 (1+0,03157)
0,028634+ 0,03157
Po
m =
P
5,0992
m =
760
= 5,0992 mmHg
y =m
y = 0,001883
=
m =0,00671
0,0104 (1+0,03157)
0,00671+ 0,03157
= 1,0000
dara
=0,977523
= 1,0000
kmol
jam
34
34
33
=L
34
L33 = N
= 0,03157
kmol
17,6235
jam
= 0,03157
575,8824
558,2581
L33
= 1,03157
kmol
=
jam
M:
W:
L33
MrM
33
M=
0,7192 17,6235
33
M=
406,1685 kg/jam
33
33
= 0,2807 17,6235
33
= 89,131 kg/jam
32,042
L33 Mr
18,016
Udara :
34
34
M=
34
M=
0,020595 558,2581
34
M=
368,3902 kg jam
MrM
34
32,042
34
=y
34
= 0,001883 558,2581
34
= 18,9429 kg jam
34
= yDMT
34
= 0,977523 558,2581 26
34
= 15825,6 kg jam
Mr
34
18,016
MrDMT
Masuk (kg/jam)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 32
Alur 34
Alur 33
774,5587
368,3902
406,1685
108,0739
18,9429
89,1310
Udara
15825,6
15825,6
subtotal
16212,9331
495,2995
total
16708,2327
16708,2327
stripping
M
W
(20)
M
W
(27)
M
W
(33)
M
W
MD-01
(41)
M
W
57267,3957
57267,3957 -
27
M
33
M
=(
35
M
)+(
41
M
= 0,984
54912,23019
= 0,984
+( 0,01 (57267,3957 -
+572,673957
= 55805,112
= 57267,3957 - 55805,112
= 1462,2837
Neraca Massa Komponen
M:
= 55805,112 x 99,4%
= 55470,2813 kg/jam
= 1462,2837 x 1%
= 14,6228 kg/jam
W:
= 55805,112 x 0,6%
= 334,8307 kg/jam
= 1462,2837 x 99%
= 1447,6609 kg/jam
Tabel A.11 Neraca Massa pada Menara Destilasi (MD-01)
Komponen
Masuk (kg/jam)
Keluar (kg/jam)
Alur 20
Alur 27
Alur 33
Alur 35
Alur 41
Metanol
45347,4508
9731,2849
406,1685
55470,2813
14,6228
Air
938,0156
755,3450
89,1310
334,8307
1447,6609
4952995
55805,1120
1462,2837
subtotal
46285,4664 10486,6298
total
57267,3957
57267,3957
M
W
(7)
M
W
FU - 01
(9)
M
W
Komponen
Alur 7
Metanol
Alur 6
Alur 9
55470,0342
2880,3048
58350,3389
334,8292
17,3861
352,2153
55804,8634
2897,6909
58702,5542
Air
subtotal
Keluar (kg/jam)
total
58702,5542
58702,5542
LAMPIRAN B
PERHITUNGAN NERACA PANAS
Basis Perhitungan
: 1 jam operasi
Satuan operasi
: kJ/jam
Temperatur Referensi
: 0oC
Kapasitas produk
: 60.000 ton/tahun
Data perhitungan Cp
Cp x,T = a + bT + cT2 + dT3 + eT4
Kapasitas panas gas ideal ( Cpig )
Data kapasitas panas gas ideal ( Cpig ) metanol dan steam tersedia
dalam Appendix D, (Coulson ,1983 ). Sedangkan Cpig Asam Tereftalat dan
Dimetil Tereftalat tidak tersedia di daftar dan harus diestimasi dengan metode
Rihani & Doraiswany, ( Coulson,1983 ). Karena campuran gas mendekati
sifat ideal maka harga kapasitas panas gas ideal bisa dipakai dalam
perhitungan.
Asam Tereftalat
Tabel LB.1 Penentuan Konstanta Asam Tereftalat
Ni
Jenis Gugus
Ni ai
Ni bi
Ni ci
Ni di
-COOH
2(1,4055)
2(3,4632 10-2)
2(-0,2537 10-4)
2(0,6886 10-8)
-CH=CH-
1(-3,1210)
1(3,8060 10-2)
1(-0,2359 10-4)
1(0,5504 10-8)
-C=CH-
2(-1,4714)
2(3,3842 10-2)
2(-0,2371 10-4)
2(0,6063 10-8)
Sum
-3,2518
17,5008 10-2
-1,2215 10-4
3,1402 10-8
Dimetil Tereftalat
Tabel LB.2 Penentuan Konstanta Dimetil Tereftalat
Ni
Jenis
Gugus
Ni ai
Ni bi
Ni ci
Ni di
-CH3
2(0,6087)
2(2,1433 10-2)
2(-0,0852 10-4)
2(1,1350 10-8)
-COO-
2(2,7350)
2(1,0751 10-2)
2(0,0667 10-4)
2(-0,0923 10-8)
-CH=CH-
1(-3,1210)
1(3,8060 10-2)
1(-0,2359 10-4)
1(0,5504 10-8)
-C=CH-
2(-1,4714)
2(3,3842 10-2)
2(-0,2371 10-4)
2(0,6063 10-8)
Sum
0,6236
17,011 10-2
-0,7471 10-4
2,187 10-8
Cp = A BT CT 2 DT 3
dengan Cp = kJ
kmol K
Harga konstanta A, B, C, dan, D untuk Cpig Asam Tereftalat, Metanol,
Steam, dan Dimetil Tereftalat :
Tabel LB.3 Harga konstanta A, B, C, dan, D untuk Cpig
Komponen
AT
-3,2518
17,5008 10-2
-1,2215 10-4
3,1402 10-8
Metanol
21,152
7,0920 10-2
2,2870 10-5
-2,851 10-8
Steam
32,243
1,923 10-3
1,055 10-5
-3,596 10-9
DMT
0,6236
17,011 10-2
-0,7471 10-4
2,187 10-8
Metanol
Cp liquid
: 80,57230053 kJ/kmol oC
Laten heat
: 35278 kJ/kmol
T norm
: 337,75 K
: 40482,97061 kJ/kmol
uap
1
1
1
=A T+ B T2 + C T3 + D T4 +
2
3
4
li uid
= Cpli
uid
Asam Tereftalat
Heat Sublimation
: 199,685856 kJ/kmol
Cp solid
: 142000 kJ/kmol oC
H fusion
: 31600 kJ/kmol
T Sublim
: 298,15 K
: 146992,1464 kJ/kmol oC
uap
1
1
1
=A T+ B T2 + C T3 + D T4 +
2
3
4
li uid
solid
= Cpsolid T +
usion
= Cpsolid T
Dimetil Tereftalat
T fusion
: 50 oC
cp solid
: 271,852 kJ/kmol oC
H fusion
: 31600 kJ/kmol
T nm
: 284 oC
Panas Laten
: 57300 kJ/kmol
Cp liq
: 383,60259 kJ/kmol oC
: 192255,6061 kJ/kmol
uap
1
1
1
=A T+ B T2 + C T3 + D T4 +
2
3
4
li uid
solid
= Cpsolid T +
Cpli
usion
ud
= Cpsolid T
597,15 K
602,9 K
AT
Metanol
H2O
DMT
Reaksi esterifikasi Asam Tereftalat dengan Metanol menjadi Dimetil Tereftalat dan
Steam :
COOH
COOCH3
COOH
Asam
Tereftalat
2 CH3OH
2 H2O
COOCH3
Metanol
Dimethil
Tereftalat
Steam
Panas Reaksi
Hf o Solid
25 oC
(kJ / mol)
Panas sublimasi
25 oC
(kJ / mol)
Hf o Gas 25oC
(kcal / mol)
Sumber
- 816
142
-161,0899
Kirk Othmer
-48,08
Perry,1984
-57,7979
Perry,1984
-711
88,4
-148,8049
Kirk Othmer
Asam Tereftalat
Metanol
Steam
Dimetil Tereftalat
Hr0 = 2 Hf o C Hf o D - 2 Hf o B - Hf o A
Hr T = Hr0
cp dT
To = 298
Q (kJ/tahun)
52257098080
794498039649.0670
8690275106
372141915.1
8.55818E+11
Qreaksi =
=
= -12,327,874,805.0655 kJ/kmol
Tabel LB.6 panas keluar reaktor pada alur 15
Out put
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
12840.4116
163160.7185
AT
13806701.4023
55463.57275
Metanol
771214.2594
56321.13782
H2 O
310074.5836
195843.2433
DMT
Sum
14900830.6569
Q
Q (kJ/tahun)
2095050778
7.65769E+11
43435664589
60726012122
8.72026E+11
= 654,0538 kg/jam
Metanol
H2O
Metanol
H2O
Input
498,24
Metanol
498,24
kmol/tahun
H
(kJ/ kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
14422778,9877
48937,7570
705998323546,3320
H2 O
154837,1102
52563,1728
41188489538,4174
Total
14577616.0979
747186813084,7490
1
1
1
=A T+ B T2 + C T3 + D T4 +
2
3
4
metanol
=21,152
uap
1
337,75 + 7,0920 10 2
2
337,75 2+
1
2,287 10 5
3
337,75 3 +
1
2,851 10 8 (
4
= 48937,7570 kJ/kmol
Tabel B.8 Panas Keluar Furnace
TOUTPUT Output
kmol/tahun
(K)
658,15
14422778,9877
Metanol
658,15
H2 O
154837,1102
Total
14577616,0979
H (kJ/kmol)
337,75) + 40482,97l
Q (kJ/tahun)
59209,8815
854188660845,8820
58334,2173
45710678610,2246
899899339456,1060
= Qout Qin
= 899899339456,1060 kJ/tahun 747186813084,7490
kJ/tahun
= 152712526371,3570 kJ/tahun
= 19281884,6428 kJ/jam
AT
I
AT
Metanol
H2O
DMT
Metanol
H2O
Tabel LB.9 Panas masuk Sublimator
T
INPUT
o
C
25
25
25
25
25
25
385
385
Source
Input
kmol/ tahun
H
(kJ/kmol)
H
(kJ/tahun)
Fresh
Fresh
Desublimator
Desublimator
Desublimator
Desublimator
Furnace
Furnace
SUM
pure fresh AT
Impurities
recycle AT
recycle metanol
H2O recycle
recycle DMT
Metanol
H2O
309094,3829
4992,1464
1543044411
11915,9064
262,1702
37,3936
1904,7059
14422778,9877
154837,1102
14900830,6569
4992,1464
2014,3075
1882,8000
6796,3000
59209,8815
58334,2173
138221,7991
H
(kJ/jam)
194828.8398
0
59485949.4
7510.852197
528091.3475
66.67820044
70404.73922
8.889487275
12944952.66
1634.463719
8.53971E+11
107824625.6
9032301635
1140442.126
8.64619E+11 109169117,4514
= Cpsolid T
= 199,685856 25
= 4992,1464 kJ/kmol
Tabel LB.10 Panas keluar Sublimator
T output
Out put
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol) Q, kJ/tahun
Q, kJ/jam
(K)
AT
321010,2893 162789,4800 52257098080
6598118.444
100315409
Metanol 14423041,1578 55085,3340 7.94498E+11
597,15
154874,5039
56111,7220 8690275106
1097257
H2O
DMT
1904,7059
195380,2508 372141915,1
46987,61554
108057772,0644
SUM
= Qout Qin
= 109169117,4514 kJ/jam 108057772,0644 kJ/jam
= 1111345,3870 kJ/jam
M
W
AT
M
W
DMT
AT
M
W
DMT
HE-01 A
M
W
Input
AT
603,15
T Input (K)
431,237
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
12840,4116
163176,9059
2095258631,3318
13806701,4023
55480,0686
765996740275,0500
H2O
771214,2594
56330,2509
43442692719,7602
DMT
310074,5836
195863,4514
60732278142,9066
Total
14900830,6569
Input
kmol/tahun
Metanol
Metanol
872266969769,0480
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
14426454,4903
45173,5318
651693900369,0480
H2 O
783599,7588
50214,3280
39347935296,4790
Total
15210054,2491
90305,8601
691041835665,5270
Output
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
12840,4116
159407,7312
2046860876,4828
13806701,4023
51643,8547
713031281395,7800
H2O
771214,2594
54162,0459
41770542093,8699
DMT
310074,5836
191202,2673
59286963433,6921
SUM
14900830,6569
Input
kmol/tahun
Metanol
14426454,4903
48937,7570
705998323546,3320
H2O
783599,7588
52545,7430
41174831524,6801
Total
15210054,2491
AT
543,15
T Output (K)
498,2368
Metanol
kmol/tahun
816135647799,8250
H (kJ/ Kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
747173155071,0120
= Qin Qout
= 872266969769,0480 816135647799,8250
= 56131321969,2235 kJ/tahun
= 7087288,1274 kJ/jam
= Qout Qin
= 56131319405,4847 kJ/tahun
= 7087287,8037 kJ/jam
Total kebutuhan pendingin Total kebutuhan pemanas
AT
M
W
DMT
AT
M
W
DMT
M
W
Tabel B.13 Panas masuk Desublimator
T Input
(K)
Input
kmol/tahun
T Output
(K)
372,12
Q (kJ/tahun)
12840,4116
159407,7312
2046860876,4828
13806701,4023
51643,8547
713031281395,7800
H2 O
771214,2594
54162,0459
41770542093,8699
DMT
310074,5836
191202,2673
59286963433,6921
Sum
14900830,6569
AT
543,15
H (kJ/kmol)
Metanol
Output (gas)
kmol/tahun
Metanol
14426454,4903
H2 O
783599,7588
8,1614 x 1011
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
42130,3104 607791006219,1880
48175,5497
37750349110,4403
Sum
144644272,2
13806439,2336
48640,41704
6.71551 x 1011
H2 O
771176,8672
52383,34646
40396825015
DMT
308169,8794
187615,1718
57817344876
Sum
14886710,4705
Metanol
431,237
7,6991 x 1011
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
11915,9212
43930,88832
523477002,5
Metanol
262,1687
17725,90612
4647178,145
H2 O
37,3922
17001,6992
635731,5364
DMT
1904,7043
110405,0403
210288952,8
Sum
14120,1864
AT
T Output
(K)
Q (kJ/tahun)
156458,3827
220
H (kJ/kmol)
924,4904
AT
493,15
645541355329,6280
15210054,2491
Output (gas)
kmol/tahun
Metanol
14426454,4903
H2 O
783599,7588
Sum
15210054,2491
Kebutuhan pendingin
739048864,9
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
45173,5318 651693900369,0480
50196,8981
39334277282,7416
691028177651,7900
= Qin Qout
= (7.6991 x 1011 + 739048864.9) - 8.1614 x 1011
= 45,486,822,600.80 kJ/tahun
= 5743285,6819 kJ/jam
Kebutuhan pemanas
= Qout Qin
= 691028177651,7900 kJ/tahun - 645541355329,6280 kJ/tahun
= 45486822322,1616 kJ/tahun
= 5743285,6467 kJ/jam
Total kebutuhan pendingin Total kebutuhan pemanas
AT
M
W
DMT
AT
M
W
DMT
H (kJ/kmol)
156458,3827
48640,4170
52383,3465
187615,1718
Q (kJ/tahun)
144644272,2464
671550962171,1890
40396825014,6943
57817344876,0049
7,6991 x 1011
H (kJ/kmol)
40830,02336
47255,20488
Q (kJ/tahun)
4,57655 x 1011
19486170724
4,77141 x 1011
H (kJ/kmol)
45977,38163
5801,205638
5430,0224
53631,85698
19573,344
Q (kJ/tahun)
42505647,77
15069540622
1948381967
538213670,4
5835489988
23434131896
= Qin Qout
= (23434131896 + 4.77141 x 1011) - 7.6991 x 1011
= 2.69335 x 1011 kJ/tahun
= 34006896,5262 kJ/jam
AT
M
W
DMT
AT
M
W
DMT
72
Input (Liquid)
AT
Metanol
H2 O
DMT larut
DMT solid
Sum
kmol/tahun
924,4903963
2597656,688
358816,5616
10035,33535
298134,544
3265567,6191
H (kJ/kmol)
45977,38163
5801,205638
5430,0224
53631,85698
19573,344
Q (kJ/tahun)
42505647,77
15069540622
1948381967
538213670,4
5835489988
23434131895,76
Input (Molten)
AT solid
AT liquid
Metanol
75
H2 O
DMT larut
DMT solid
Sum
= Cpsolid T
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
170,7507
4,2484
7001,0241
3601,3871
30,5962
1072,8025
11880,8089
14976,4392
46576,4392
6042,92254
6790,2304
54782,66475
20388,9
2557237,4811
197873,2047
42306646,4639
24454247,8695
1676140,9553
21873262,5871
93065408,5616
= Cpsolid T +
usion
= 199,685856 75
199,685856 75
= 14976,4392 kJ/kmol
46576,4392 kJ/kmol
31600.0000
10
Out put
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
AT Terlarut
AT padatan
Metanol
H2 O
DMT
Terlarut
DMT
padatan
Sum
188,9506
910,5388
2604657,7118
362417,9487
33596,8586
1996,8586
805,7230
756,49184
6348148,0928
1818217,2084
2098632639,2852
274166220,8332
1191,3658
29848,4964
35560478,4002
308081,9122
2718,52
837526840,0285
3277448,4280
3254052543,8483
= Qin Qout
= (23434131895,76 + 93065408,5616)
3254052543,8483
= 20273144760,4711 kJ/tahun
= 2559740,5001 kJ/jam
AT
M
W
DMT
AT
M
W
DMT
AT
M
W
DMT
Tabel L.22 Panas masuk vaporizing crystalizer pada alur 21
T Input
(oC)
10
Input
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
AT Terlarut
Metanol
H2 O
DMT
Terlarut
Sum
174,9991
2412337,0217
335658,0141
33596,85856
805,7230053
756,49184
5879418,4717
1943675434,8369
253922548,6730
1103,3987
29848,4964
32934791,4560
2749273,4335
2236412193,4376
75
Output
(Molten)
AT solid
AT liq
Metanol
H2 O
DMT larut
DMT solid
Sum
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
170,7507
4,2484
7001,0241
3601,3871
30,5962
1072,8025
11880,8089
14976,4392
46576,4392
6042,92254
6790,2304
54782,66475
20388,9
2557237,4811
197873,2047
42306646,4639
24454247,8695
1676140,9553
21873262,5871
93065408,5616
Output (gas)
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
Metanol
H2 O
Sum
2405335,9975
332056,6270
2737392,6245
40971,9144
47357,2894
98551220597,8749
15725301783,7879
114276522381,6630
= Qout Qin
= (93065408,5616+ 114276522381,663) 2236412193,4376
= 112133175596,7870 kJ/tahun
= 14158229,2420 kJ/jam
M
W
M
W
M
W
M
W
Tabel L.25 Panas masuk Menara Destilasi alur 18
T Input
(K)
343,15
Input
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
Metanol
H2 O
Sum
11208782,5459
412360,3056
11621142,8515
40830,0234
47255,2049
457654853226,3770
19486170724,2394
477141023950,6170
Input
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
Metanol
H2 O
Sum
2405335,9975
332056,6270
2737392,6245
5801,2056
5430,0224
98551220597,8749
15725301783,7879
114276522381,6630
Input
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
-5
Metanol
H2 O
100394,9341
39182,8262
139577,7604
0
0
0
0
Sum
Output
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
Metanol
H2 O
Sum
13710899,0692
147194,6559
13858093,7252
40494,9506
47012,4260
555222181156,2160
6919977872,5699
562142159028,7860
A.
Output
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
Metanol
H2 O
Sum
3614,4083
636405,1029
640019,5112
7946,4884
7094,7008
28721853,9019
4515103792,3841
4543825646,2860
DATA TERMODINAMIKA
Kesetimbangan yang terjadi adalah sistem biner dengan dua fase. Data
kesetimbangan sistem metanol-air dengan fase uap-cair pada tekanan total
101.3 KPa diperoleh dari ( Perry, 1984 ) :
Xa,
Metanol
0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.300
0.400
0.500
0.600
0.700
0.800
0.900
0.950
1.000
Ya,
Metanol
0.000
0.134
0.230
0.304
0.365
0.418
0.517
0.579
0.665
0.729
0.779
0.825
0.870
0.915
0.958
0.979
1.000
( Perry,1984 )
T ,oC
100.0
96.4
93.5
91.2
89.3
87.7
84.4
81.7
78.0
75.3
73.1
71.2
69.3
67.5
66.0
65.0
64.5
Data dari Perry ini kemudian disimulasikan dalam bentuk persamaan. Dengan
sistem biner 2 fasa maka hanya terdapat 2 independent variabel. Dalam
desain ini, independent variabel berupa tekanan ( P = 1 atm ) dan satu
variabel yang lain ( T, atau Xa atau Ya ). Dalam perancangan plate to plate
dibutuhkan persamaan :
XA = f ( YA )
T = f ( XA )
H = f ( YA )
h = f ( XA )
H = H A YA H B YB
h = hA X A hB X B
1)
2)
T
H A = Cpg A dT ATr
Tr
3)
T
H B = Cpg B dT BTr
Tr
4)
T
h A = Cpl A dT
Tr
5)
hB = Cpl B dT
Tr
6)
Tr = suhu referensi, suhu saat H = 0 , diambil 273 Kelvin
Dengan bantuan Micorsoft Excell maka diperoleh :
1.00
0.80
0.60
XA
Y-X
Poly. (Y-X)
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
YA
120
100
T, OC
80
60
X-T
Poly. (X-T)
40
20
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
XA
60000
50000
Grafik XA-HL
40000
Grafik YA-HV
30000
20000
10000
0
0
0.5
XA= -5.7553 YA5 + 12.989 YA4- 8.6821 YA3 + 2.523 YA2 - 0.0787 YA + 0.0003
(7)
T = -235.6 XA5 + 725.63 XA4 - 856.29 XA3 + 490.77 XA2 - 159.71 XA + 99.512
(8)
H = -7995.2 YA + 48540
( 9 )
( 10 )
. ( 11 )
. ( 12 )
. ( 13 )
F1
F2
F3
F1
ZF1 = 96,4516 %
F2
ZF2 = 87,8696 %
F3
ZF3 = 71,9276 %
= 1467,316 kmol/jam
= 345,6304 kmol/jam
= 17,6235 kmol/jam
D = 1749,75931 kmol/jam
B = 80,8105 kmol/jam
Condenser :
D,YD, HD
V1,Y1,H1
Lo,Xo,ho
=1
V1 = D Lo
. ( 14 )
. ( 15 )
V1
Lo
= 1
D
D
Lo
V1 = 1
D
D
V1 = (1 R ) D
. ( 16 )
V1 Y1 = D YD Lo Xo
. ( 17 )
Y1 =
D YD Lo Xo
V1
. ( 18 )
Y1 =
YD R Xo
1 R
. ( 19 )
. ( 20 )
( ) H = V1 H1 Lo ho
. ( 21 )
H = H D QCD
. ( 22 )
D H = V1 H1 Lo ho
D H = (D Lo) H1 Lo ho
R=
Lo H H 1
=
D
H 1 ho
H = H1 R ( H1 ho)
. ( 23 )
Algoritma Perhitungan :
9
D,YD
HD
10
23
Xo
ho
19
22
QCD
Xo
Y1
H1
Lo
Plate n
V2
L1
Lo V1 = = L1 V2
. ( 24 )
Lo Xo Y1 V1 = L1 X 1 V2 Y2
. ( 25 )
Lo ho V1 H1 = L1 h1 V2 H 2
. ( 26 )
Algoritma Perhitungan :
24
TRIAL
V2
25
L1
Y2
H2
26
Y1
X1
7
h1
V2
10
APAKAH
SAMA ?
HASIL PERHITUNGAN
Dengan bantuan program solver pada Microsoft Excell maka diperoleh hasil
perhitungan :
partial
Reflux = 1
= 80,8105 kmol/jam
YD
= 98,94 % mol
XB
= 0,56 % mol
V1
= 3499,5186 kmol/jam
= 16454916,0107 Watt
Y1
= 98,15 % mol
HD
= 40629,7215 kJ/kmol
ho
= 5185,1417 kJ/kmol
H1
= 40692,9901 kJ/kmol
= 76200,8384 kJ/kmol
M
W
Udara
RD-01
AT
M
W
DMT
W
Udara
T Input
(K)
415
Input
(padatan)
AT
Metanol
H2 O
DMT
Sum
kmol/tahun
924,4936
192561,4199
26731,4564
308169,8802
528387,25
Input
kg/jam
H ( kJ/ kg)
Q (kJ/tahun)
H2 O
Udara
Sum
376016,2560
125338752
2735,6
416,47
1028630069,9136
52199830045,4400
53228460115,3536
H (kJ/kmol)
4992,1464
2014,3075
1888,0768
6796,3
Q (kJ/tahun)
4615207,4454
387877914,7574
50471042,5928
2094414956,5722
2537379121,3678
T Output
(K)
319
Output
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
Metanol
H2 O
Sum
191452,0052
47510,3036
238962,3088
40011,7074
2590,4000
7660321621.3422
2217241558,9631
9877563180,3054
Input
kg/jam
H ( kJ/ kg)
H ( kJ/tahun)
Udara
125338752
319,4520
40039715003,9040
Kebutuhan pemanas
= Qin - Qout
M
W
Udara
CD-02
M
W
Tabel L.33 Panas masuk Condensor alur 27
T
Input
(K)
319
Input
(gas)
Metanol
H2O
Udara
pengering
Sum
Massa
(kg)
kmol/tahun
H (kJ/kmol)
191452,0052
47510,3036
125338752
Q (kJ/tahun)
40011,7074
2590,4000
7660321621,3422
2217241558,9631
319,4520
40039715003,9040
49917278184,2094
Output
(gas)
kmol/tahun
Massa
(kg)
H (kJ/kmol)
Q (kJ/tahun)
37424,5891
2490,0000
3407773470,4772
373569302,2578
265,0000
33214769280,0000
Metanol 91057,0711
8327,4774
H2 O
Udara
125338752
pengering
Sum
36996112052,7350
kmol/tahun
100394,9341
39182,8262
H (kJ/kmol)
0
0
Q (kJ/tahun)
0
0
0
= Qin - Qout
= 49917278184,2094 (36996112052,7350 + 0 )
= 12921166131,4744 kJ/tahun
= 1631460,3701 kJ/jam
M
W
VP-03
AT
M
W
DMT
Input (liquid)
kmol/tahun
Metanol
711941,0127
2886,5566 2055058019,5893
7643,1102
H2 O
Q (kJ/tahun)
H (kJ/kmol)
2700,5011
20640227,5844
2075698247,1736
Sum
Output (gas)
kmol/tahun
Metanol
711941,0127
H2 O
7643,1102
41162,1731 29305039180,3592
47493,5137
362998158,3801
29668037338,7393
Sum
Kebutuhan pemanas
Q (kJ/tahun)
H (kJ/kmol)
= Qout Qin
= 29668037338,7393 - 2075698247,1736
= 27592339091,5657 kJ/tahun
= 3562945,3775 kJ/jam
LAMPIRAN C
PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI PERLATAN
C.1
Fungsi
Bahan konstruksi
Bentuk
Alasan
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Jenis Sambungan
Kondisi Operasi
Temperatur
= 30oC
Tekanan
= 1 atm
Faktor Kelonggaran
= 10%
= 2897,6909 kg/jam
Densitas Campuran
Kebutuhan perancangan
= 30 hari
Hs = 1/6 D = 8,076 ft
Digunakan ukuran tangki standar :
(Appendix E, Brownell & Young , 72-in. Butt-welded)
D
= 50 ft
= 30 ft
Hs
= 10 ft
+
H total = 40ft
Tebal dinding tangki :
1991)
Dimana :
C.2
Fungsi
Jumlah
:2
: Carbon steel
Kebutuhan
: 6582,2221 kg/jam
: 1510 kg/m3
= 1089226,126 kg
Vt
= 865,6102 m3
Diambil :
H2 = D
H1 = 1,5 D
H1
Do = 1 3 D
Vt =
Vt =
D 2 H1
D2
H2
3
H2
D 3 1.5
4
3
Do
30 ft
1991)
Dimana :
C.3
Fungsi
Jumlah
:3
: Carbon Steel
Kebutuhan
: 7578,7908 kg/jam
: 1283 kg/m3
= 909454,8929 kg
Vt
= 850,6203 m3
Diambil :
H2 = D
H1 = 1,5 D
H1
Do = 1 3 D
Vt =
Vt =
D 2 H1
D2
H2
H2
3
D 3 1.5
4
3
Do
H1 = 1,5
= 12,5861m = 41,2931 t 42 t
Do = 1 3
= 2,7969m = 9,17625 t 10 t
28 ft
1991)
Dimana :
Fungsi
:1
: Carbon Steel
Bentuk
Kebutuhan
: 6582,2221 kg/jam
Massa
: 1510 kg/m3
Volume
= 157973,33 kg
Vt
= 125,54 m3
Diambil :
Vt =
Vt =
H2 = D ; H1 = 1,5 D ; Do = 1 3 D
D 2 H1
D2
H1
H2
3
H2
D 3 1.5
4
3
Do
H1 = 1,5
= 6,6179m = 21,7124 t 22 t
Do = 1 3
= 1,4707m = 4,825 t 5 t
15 ft
1991)
Dimana :
Fungsi
Jumlah
:1
: Carbon Steel
Bentuk
Kebutuhan
: 297,7901 kg/jam
Massa
: 1510 kg/m3
Volume
= 7146,962724 kg
H1
Vt
H2
= 5,6797 m3
Diambil :
Vt =
Vt =
H2 = D ; H1 = 1,5 D ; Do = 1 3 D
D 2 H1
D2
Do
H2
3
D 3 1.5
4
3
H1 = 1,5
6 t
= 2,37 m = 7,77573 t 8 t
Do = 1 3
= 0,5267 m = 1,72794 t 2 t
1991)
Dimana :
Cyclone (CN-01)
Fungsi
Jenis
18,19 m
4
s = 4,5475 m 3
4.5475 m
15 m
s = 0,3032 m 2
0,3032
= 1,741 m
0,1
Scaling Factor :
3
d 2 Dc2 Q1 1 2
=
d1 Dc1 Q 2 2 1
d1
d2
Dc1
Dc2
Q1
Q2
3
d 2 1,741
223 2000 0,02
=
= 2,7637
Particle size = 20 m
Fig 10.46 harus dikoreksi dengan factor scaling. Cara scaling sudah tersedia di
Coulson,1983
, sedangkan
untuk ukuran partikel yang lebih besar dari 30m , e isiensi melebihi 95
Pressure drop:
Area of inlet duct, A1
= 0,5 Dc x 0,2 Dc
= 0,1 x 1,741 x 1,741 m
= 0,3031 m2
= 0,628
= 0,95
{
{
C.7
Fungsi
)]
}
]
Cyclone (CN-02)
: Memisahkan padatan DMT yang mengalami dusting pada udara
pengering Rotary Dryer ( RD-01 )
Jenis
Menghemat tempat
Minimum particle size = 10 m
Minimum Loading = 2500 mg/m3
Typical gas velocity = 10 -20 m/s
Pressure drop = 10-70 mmH2O
Data :
-
4,396 m
1
s = 4,396 m 3
3
4,396 m
15 m
s = 0,2931 m 2
Dc =
0,3032
= 1,712 m
0,1
Scaling Factor :
3
d 2 Dc2 Q1 1 2
d1 Dc1 Q2 2 1
d1
d2
Dc1
Dc2
Q1
3
d 2 1,712
223
2000 0,018
=
= 3,63
Pressure drop:
Area of inlet duct, A1
= 0,5 Dc x 0,2 Dc
= 0,1 x 1,712 x 1,712
= 0,293 m2
= 0,628
= 0,95
{
{
C.8
)]
Cyclone (CN-03)
Fungsi
Jenis
9,06 m
2
s = 4,53
4,53 m
15 m
s = 0,302
Dc =
0,302
= 1,738
0,1
Scaling Factor :
3
d 2 Dc2 Q1 1 2
d1 Dc1 Q2 2 1
d1
d2
Dc1
Dc2
Q1
Q2
3
d 2 1,738
223 2000 0,02
=
= 3,57
Fig 10.46 harus dikoreksi dengan factor scaling. Cara scaling sudah tersedia di
Coulson,1983
Ukuran Padatan,m
Efisiensi , %
10
70
20
90
30
92.5
40
95
50
96
75
97
100
98
Pressure drop:
Area of inlet duct, A1
= 0,5 Dc x 0,2 Dc
= 0,1 x 1,738 x 1,738
= 0,302 m2
= 0,628
= 0,95
)]
C.9
Fungsi
Jenis
: Forced-circulation Vaporizer
Data
Fraksi terevaporasi : 80 %
Mass flow rate metanol liq inlet : 1,0362 kg/s = 8221,6501 lb/jam
Q = 3477915,2407 Btu
jam
Toutlet = 527,5 F
3477915,2407 Btu
23788,7 lb
jam
jam
0,2508 Btu
= 235,98 oF
lb o F
Preheating Area :
Tujuan : untuk memanaskan metanol dari suhu 96,44 oF sampai suhu 174,2 oF.(
sensible heat ). Dari neraca panas diketahui pemanas gas masuk pada preheating
area pada suhu 343,1533 oF dan keluar pada suhu 235,987 oF. Panas yang
terlibat pada preheating area adalah
= 8221,6501lb
hr
1 btu
lb o F
Cold Fluid
Higher
343,1533 Temperature
Lower
235,987 Temperature
184,3294
LMTD preheating =
Diff.
174,2
168,9533
96,44
77,76
139,547
29,4064
F
F
168,9533 139,547
= 153,7819 cF
168,9533
ln
139,547
Vaporizing Area :
Tujuan : untuk menguapkan metanol pada suhu 174,2 oF dan tekanan 1,7 atm. (
latent heat ). Dari neraca panas diketahui pemanas gas masuk pada preheating
area pada suhu 527,5oF dan keluar pada suhu 343,1533 oF. Panas yang terlibat
pada preheating area adalah 2838599,7291 Btu/jam.
Cold Fluid
Diff.
96,44 431,0427 oF
96,44 246,7133 oF
LMTD vaporizing =
431,0427 246,7133
= 330,3512 cF
431,0427
ln
246,7133
Weigthed Temperature =
3477915,2407 Btu
639315,5116 Btu
jam
153,7819 F
jam
2838599,7291 Btu
jam
330,3512 F
1 in OD tube
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
A=
3477915,2407 Btu
50 Btu
jam
261,867 F
o
jam ft 2 oF
= 265,6 ft 2
Shell Passes = 1
Baffle space = 3,45 in
Mengecek harga Rd dan Q flux maksimum
Tube side ; Gas panas
G' =
23788,69 lb
lb
jam
= 50775,525 2
131 0.515 1 / 144
ft jam
Re =
50775,525 0.0675 ft
= 44429,948
0.07714
hio = hi
0,0265 Btu
jam ft oF
0,0675 ft
( 0,73 ) 3
1
= 79,5363 Btu
jam ft 2 oF
ID
0,810
= 79,5363
= 64,4244 Btu
jam ft 2 oF
OD
1
Gs = 99467,9785 lb
Re =
Pr =
Gs De
jam ft 2
= 8477,3845
Cp
= 2,4321
k
jam ft 2 oF
Uc =
hio ho
= 53,7496 Btu
jam ft 2 oF
hio ho
Ud hitungan = Q
AHE LMTD
= 48,4068 Btu
2
Rd allowable = 0,0020 jam ft oF
jam ft 2 oF
Btu
2
Rd hitungan = 1 1 = 0,0021 jam ft oF
Ud
Uc
Btu
jam ft 2
Shell side
Preheating area :
Efek friksi = 0,0025 dilihat pada grafik Fig 29 Kern
Spesific gravity = 0,8
Panjang preheating area = 8 ft
Number of crosses =
639315,5116
= 1,4706 ft
3477915,2407
1,4706 12
= 5,1150
3,45
f Gs 2 Ds ( N 1)
2 5.22 1010 De s
( P ) = 1
Gs
lb
jam ft 2
Ds
Diameter shell, in
N+1
De
Diameter ekivalen, in
Specific gravity
( P) = 0,0258 psi
Vaporizing area :
6,5294 12
= 22,7111
3,45
Tube-side
( P )t =
f Gt 2 L n
= 0,5854 psi
5.22 1010 IDtube s
( P )return = 4 n V
s
2g
= 4 psi
Fungsi
Jenis
: Silinder vertikal
Bahan konstruksi
Jenis sambungan
Jumlah
: 1 unit
= 66,98 oC
Massa total
= 2,2838 lb/s
% Massa uap
= 80%
Massa uap
= 1,8270 lb/s
Massa liquid
= 0,4568 lb/s
Densitas liquid
= 50 lb/ft3
Densitas uap
= 0,1219 lb/ft3
= 1 ft
Perhitungan:
a. Vapor-liquid separation factor
=
= 0,0123
Lv
v
= 7,0804ft/s
Laju alir volumetric vapor (Qv)
= 14,9905 ft3/s
= 20,6691 in
Untuk alasan keamanan terhadap factor tertentu seperti weight load, bahaya
gempa, angin dan ketersediaan alat maka dipakai diameter vessel design 24 in
atau 2 ft
Disengagament vessel
=
=
= 9,1351 x 10-3ft3/s
=(
= 8,2216 ft3
Ketinggian liquid =
=
= 3,5303 ft
Untuk alasan keamanan di pakai ketinggian liquid design (T) = 4 ft
L/D =
=4
1,7
atm
= 24,990 psi
= 29,988 psi
Diameter Vessel
= 24
in
in
in
= 0,156
0,885.P.rc
th =
c
Dipakai tebal plate standar f . 0.1P
= 0,250
in
in
Jenis
: Silinder vertikal
Bahan konstruksi
Jenis sambungan
Jumlah
: 1 unit
= 72oC
Massa total
= 39,9191 lb/s
Massa uap
= 28,3446 lb/s
Massa liquid
= 11,5745 lb/s
Densitas liquid
= 62,418 lb/ft3
Densitas uap
= 0,0707 lb/ft3
= 3,75 ft
Perhitungan:
b. Vapor-liquid separation factor
=
= 1,374 x 10-2
Lv
v
= 10,6943 ft/s
Laju alir volumetric vapor (Qv)
=
=
= 401,1932 ft3/s
41,2661 ft2
Diameter Vessel
= 87,0048 in
Untuk alasan keamanan terhadap factor tertentu seperti weight load, bahaya
gempa, angina dan ketersediaan alat maka dipakai diameter vessel design 90 in
atau 7,5 ft
Disengagament vessel
=
=(
= 0,18544 ft3/s
)
= 166,9 ft3
Ketinggian liquid =
= 4,04 ft
= 3,26
atm
= 14,700 psi
= 17,640 psi
Diameter Vessel
= 90
Tebal plate minimum,adkasfjkakahskashfk
= 0,204
P.ri
t=
c
Dipakai tebal plate standar f . 0,6.P
= 0,250
Tebal head minimum,
= 0,194
0,885.P.rc
th =
c
Dipakai tebal plate standar f . 0.1P
= 0,250
in
in
in
in
in
Jenis
: Silinder vertikal
Bahan konstruksi
Jenis sambungan
Jumlah
: 1 unit
= 75oC
Massa total
= 6,4630 lb/s
Massa uap
= 6,4219 lb/s
Massa liquid
= 0,0412 lb/s
Densitas liquid
= 62,4178 lb/ft3
Densitas uap
= 0,0707 lb/ft3
= 2,71 ft
Perhitungan:
c. Vapor-liquid separation factor
= 2,1572 x 10-4
Lv
v
= 4,4560 ft/s
Laju alir volumetric vapor (Qv)
=
=
=90,8958 ft3/s
22,4386 ft2
Diameter Vessel
= 64,157 in
Untuk alasan keamanan terhadap factor tertentu seperti weight load, bahaya
gempa, angina dan ketersediaan alat maka dipakai diameter vessel design 65 in
atau 5,42 ft
Disengagament vessel
= 23,75 ft3
Ketinggian liquid =
= 1,06 ft
= 2,91
atm
= 14,700 psi
= 17,640 psi
Diameter Vessel
= 70
in
in
in
= 0,179
0,885.P.rc
th =
c
Dipakai tebal plate standar f . 0.1P
= 0,250
C.13
in
in
Fungsi
Jenis
: Silinder vertikal
Bahan konstruksi
Jenis sambungan
Jumlah
: 1 unit
= 65oC
Massa total
= 68,2023lb/s
Massa uap
= 34,1801lb/s
Massa liquid
= 34,0223lb/s
Densitas liquid
= 50 lb/ft3
Densitas uap
= 0,0721 lb/ft3
= 4,25 ft
Perhitungan:
=
= 0,0378
Lv
v
= 11,3144 ft/s
Laju alir volumetric vapor (Qv)
=
=
=473,9779 ft3/s
Vapour Volumetric overdesign 10% =521,3757 ft3/s
Vessel cross-area (Av)
46,0806 ft2
Diameter Vessel
= 91,4202
in
Untuk alasan keamanan terhadap factor tertentu seperti weight load, bahaya
gempa, angina dan ketersediaan alat maka dipakai diameter vessel design 102 in
atau 8,5 ft
Disengagament vessel
=(
= 0,6804 ft3/s
)
= 612,4 ft3
Ketinggian liquid =
= 13,3 ft
atm
= 14,700 psi
= 17,640 psi
Diameter Vessel
= 102
in
= 0,2037 in
0,885.P.rc
th =
c
Dipakai tebal plate standar f . 0.1P
= 0,2500 in
Jenis
: Silinder vertikal
Bahan konstruksi
Jenis sambungan
Jumlah
: 1 unit
= -5oC
Massa total
= 10,2296 lb/s
Massa uap
= 9,9262 lb/s
Massa liquid
= 0,3035 lb/s
Densitas liquid
= 50 lb/ft3
Densitas uap
= 0,0909 lb/ft3
= 2,75 ft
Perhitungan:
e. Vapor-liquid separation factor
= 1,3039 x 10-3
Lv
v
= 5,1539 ft/s
Laju alir volumetric vapor (Qv)
=
=
=109,1527 ft3/s
Vapour Volumetric overdesign 10% =120,0680 ft3/s
Vessel cross-area (Av)
23,2964 ft2
Diameter Vessel
= 65,3718
in
Untuk alasan keamanan terhadap factor tertentu seperti weight load, bahaya
gempa, angina dan ketersediaan alat maka dipakai diameter vessel design 66 in
atau 5,5 ft
Disengagament vessel
= 65,554 ft3
Ketinggian liquid =
= 2,814 ft
= 3,075
atm
= 14,700 psi
= 17,640 psi
Diameter Vessel
= 66
in
in
in
= 0,176
0,885.P.rc
th =
c
Dipakai tebal plate standar f . 0.1P
= 0,250
C.15
Fungsi
in
in
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Gas Produk hasil Reaktor ( Tube )
Metanol-Air ( shell )
t1 = 158,087oC
T1 = 330oC = 626oF
t2 = 225,087oC
T2 = 270oC = 518oF
= PT OD
= 1,25 1
= 0,25 in
Dirancang:
shell tube passes
11
608
OD tube
1 in
ID shell
35 in
10,5 in
PT (triangular)
in
8 ft
at
= 0,5150 in2
at
= 0,51 ft2
Table
10
= 2,1744 ft2
Gs
Gt
=
=
253454,1752
lb/(jam)(ft2)
66423,838
lb/(jam)(ft2)
Fig.
14
= 0,595 cP
= 0,02 cP
Fig.
14
Fig.
28
Ds
= 0,99 in
Dt
= 0,81 in
Table.
10
= 0,0825 ft
Res
Fig.
28
Table.
4
jH
= 0,0675 ft
Ret
= 14521,82
= 92636,55167
= 60
jH
= 380
0,067
K
0,0173
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
Prandtl = 12,5
ho
Fig.24
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
Prandtl = 0,86
hi
113,086
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
hio
92,78
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
Uc
75,154
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
(Table 10)
33,38 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
0,2618 ft2/ft
=
=
=
UD
1273,3952 ft2
=
=
RD
27,042 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
0,007 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
Shell
Tube
Fig. 29
(Re=23497,10
94)
Fig. 26
N+1
0,0013 ft /in
f = 0,0001
(Re=13056,84)
=
=
s =
P
9,143
0,8
s = 0,001
P1
=
=
=
=
=
0,323 psi
= 1,00176 psi
= 0,0001
P2
Fig. 27
=
= 0,4 psi
PT
= P1 + P2
= 1,00176 psi + 0,4 psi
=
1,40176 psi
(memenuhi)
C.16
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Kebutuhan panas untuk memanaskan udara pengering dari suhu 25 oC sampai
152 oC adalah :
t1 = 25oC = 77oF
T1 = 455oC = 850oF
t2 = 152oC = 305,6oF
T2 = 275,27oC = 527,48oF
LMTD =
527,48 519,4
= 495,96 cF
527,48
ln
519,4
Dirancang:
shell tube passes
11
91
OD tube
1 in
ID shell
15,25 in
30,5 in
PT (triangular)
in
8 ft
at
= 0,5156 in2
at
= 0,646 ft2
Table
10
=
= 0,3255 ft2
Gs
Gt
=
=
53992,6431
lb/(jam)(ft2)
73094,4382
lb/(jam)(ft2)
Fig.
14
= 0,03 cP (T=513,5oF)
= 0,03 cP
Fig.
14
Fig.
28
Ds
= 0,99 in
Dt
= 0,81 in
Table.
10
= 0,0825 ft
Res
= 0,0675 ft
Ret
= 57743,9037
= 63959,5956
Fig.
28
jH
= 130
jH
= 200
Table.
4
= 0,067
= 0,0173
Fig.24
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
Prandtl = 0,73
ho
Prandtl = 0,73
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
hi
37,5990
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
hio
70,699
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
=
Uc
(Table 10)
57,2662
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
22,697 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
0,2618 ft2/ft
=
=
=
UD
=
=
RD
190,5904 ft2
20,3546 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
0,0051 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
0,0013 ft2/in2
Tube
f = 0,0001
Fig. 26
N+
=
1
=
=
s =
3,1475
0,001
=
P
=
s = 0,001
P1=
1,3539 psi
= 1,2131 psi
= 0,001
Fig. 27
=
P2
=
= 4 psi
= P1 + P2
PT
= 1,2131 psi + 4 psi
=
5,2131 psi
(memenuhi)
C.17
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah Alat
: 1 unit
Data :
Q load = 3932841,4561 Watt
Umpan Cair ( shell)
Tin = 10oC
Pemanas (tube)
Tin = 115oC
Tout = 75 oC
Cp metanol = 2500 J/KgoC
P = 1,67 atm
kg
mc =
kg
3932841,4561 watt
= 1,772 kg
s
(2697,2 478,3) kj kg
=
Trial Ud = 107 Btu/( jam ft2 oF )
Dirancang:
shell tube passes
11
199
OD tube
1 in
ID shell
21,25 in
6,375 in
PT (triangular)
20 ft
0,25 in
in
Shell (n=1)
as
Tube (n=1)
hio
Btu/(jam)(ft )( F)
(untuk
steam)
=
= 0,1882 ft2
Gs
123662,8615
lb/(jam)(ft2)
Fig.
14
= 0,4 cP
Fig.
28
Ds
= 0,99 in
= 0,0825 ft
Res
=
= 10539,4484
Table.
4
0,289
k
ho
= 366 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
Uc
(Table 10)
=
=
294,854 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
0,2618 ft2/ft
=
=
=
UD
1041,964 ft2
=
RD
106,24 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
0,006 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
N+1
0,0013 ft2/in2
Tube
Fig. 26
f = 0,0001
=
=
s =
P
37,6471
0,85
P1
=
=
s = 0,001
0,181 psi
=
= 0,2218 psi
= 0,0001
P2
Fig. 27
=
= 0,4 psi
PT
= P1 + P2
=
C.18
0,6218 psi
(memenuhi)
Furnace (FU-01)
: Memanaskan vapor metanol ( 99,4 % massa ) dari suhu 96,87 oC
Fungsi
menjadi 385 oC
Jenis alat
Qn =
Kebutuhan Fuel =
Flowrate dari flue gas ( gas hasil pembakaran ) bisa dibaca pada fig 1-6 Evans.
Untuk Excess air sebesar 25 % maka Flue gas yang dihasilkan adalah
= 1000 lb
MBtu
23,8 MBtu
jam
= 23788,68 lb
jam
= 6,6 lb
besarnya
jam
= 12,489 MBtu
panas
radiasi
jam
Skema Furnace:
Vapor metanol masuk ke convection section furnace dengan suhu inlet ( t
inlet ) = 225,0868 oC dan keluar dari radiation section dengan suhu 385 oC.
Sehingga perlu dicari berapa suhu Cross Over ( suhu keluar dari convection
section atau suhu masuk radiation section )
Cross over temperature bisa dihitung dari neraca panas.
H input pada suhu 225,0868 oC + 30 % panas duty
= 25046894,39 + (0,35228812,7486)
= 26615538,21 Watt
T cross over = 276,04oC = 528,872 oF
Radiation Section
jam
= 12,489 MBtu
jam
= 626,936 oF
12,489 MBtu
12000 Btu
jam
= 1040,755 ft 2
jam ft 2
Konfigurasi furnace :
1738,4 ft 2
= 1475,72 ft
2
ft
1,178
ft
16,3 kg / s
= 10 tube / pass
kg
2
2 2 0,8209m
m s
Dicoba 3 pass :
Tube total = 30
Atotal
spacing
8
=
= 1,78
OD
4,5
Emisivity gas untuk CO2 dan H2O cukup besar dan harus diperhitungkan.
Furnace volume ( Radiation section ) = 38,5 ft x 11,5 ft x 8,5 ft =3763.375 ft3
Mean-bean Length,L = 2
3763.375 = 10,3697 ft
Qn
QA
Qst
QR
Panas radiasi
Qw
Qg
QR = Qn Qw Qg
Qw Qg Qn
QR
= 1
aAcp Qn Qn aAcpF
Trial pertama suhu flue gas yang keluar dari radiation section = 1500 oF
Pada Fig 1-8 bisa dibaca harga emisivitas = 0,42
Pada Fig 1-9 dengan
AR
= 0,8216
aAcp
Qg
=0,415
Qn
Qn
39,8
Btu
=
= 78818,5144
aAcpF 952,75 0.,3
hr ft 2
QR
Btu
Btu
= 1 0,02 0,415 78818,5144
= 44532,4606
2
aAcp
hr ft
hr ft 2
Bandingkan harga
QR
yang diperoleh dari fig 1-11 dengan constant
aAcp
AR
= 0,8216
aAcp
Qg
=0,48
Qn
Qn
39,8
Btu
=
= 80334,2551
aAcpF 952.,5 0,52
hr ft 2
QR
Btu
Btu
= 1 0,02 0,48 80334,2551
= 40167,1276
2
aAcp
hr ft
hr ft 2
Bandingkan harga
QR
yang diperoleh dari fig 1-11 dengan constant
aAcp
QR
20,696
Btu
=
= 11396,4757
mendekati 12000 Btu/jam ft2 ( hasil
2
aAcp
1816
jam ft
desain sudah bagus )
Convection Section
Besarnya panas yang disuplai secara konveksi :
jam
= 5,32 MBtu
jam
Qn
QA
Qst
QR
Qc
Qw
Qgc
Qgc
Qn
Qgc
Qn
= 1
(QR QC )
Qn
QW
Qn
Temperature difference :
Hot fluid , Flue gas : 1680 oF - 850 oF
Cold fluid , Uap metanol : 437,156 oF - 528,872 oF
T1 = 1680 oF 528,872 oF = 1299,07 oF
T 2 = 850 oF 437,156 oF = 643,63 oF
LMTD = 719,9763 oF
Average suhu vapor = 483,014 oF
Average suhu tube wall = 483,014 oF + 100 oF ( experience, by Evans ) =
583,014 oF
Average suhu flue gas = 483,014 oF + 719,9763 oF = 1202,99oF
Suhu film flue gas = 483,014 oF + 719,9763 oF/2 =1084,51oF
Convection section :
Mass
G=
velocity
11,0356 lb
57,75 ft 2
at
minimum
s = 0,1911lb
cross
section
ft 2 s
hco = 3 Btu
( jam ft
oF
hr = 2,2 Btu
( jam ft
oF
( jam ft
oF
),
1.14)
1
hi ID
0.8
= c Re Pr 3
kg
( jam ft
oF
( jam ft
oF
hrw
Acw
Acw
Act
( )
ft 2
= 181,412 ft 2
Tube area per row; Act = 4 38,5 ft 1,178
ft
f =
6,3
44,66
= 0,1349
2,2 3 6,3 181,412
ho = (1 f ) (hco hr )
ho = (1 0,1349) (3 2,2) = 5,9015 Btu
( jam ft
oF
ho hio
= 2.8166 Btu
jam ft 2 oF
ho hio
5,35MBtu / jam
= 2639,4 ft 2
Btu
2.8166
719,98 oF
jam ft 2 oF
Number of row =
2639,4 ft 2
= 14,55
181.412 ft 2
row
Jenis
m3
G' = v = 25
kg
m2 s
18,19 kg
G
s = 0,7276 m 2
, Ai =
G' =
Ai
25 kg 2
m s
1 ID 2 = 0,7276 m 2
4
ID = 0,9627 m =37,903 in
Ai = 1 1,0478 2 = 0,8618 m 2
4
G' =
18,19 kg
s = 21,108 kg
0,8618 m 2
m2s
Re =
v ID
= 1105797
C.20
Reaktor (R-01)
Fungsi
Jenis
Kondisi Operasi :
-
Adiabatis
= 1 kg m3
B /A ratio mol = 20
Volume tangki
V
= ( t)
= (9,1 kg s 1,2s) 1kg m3
= 10,914 m3
= 1,2 10,914
= 13,1 m3
Tutup dan alas tangki berbentuk torispherical dengan tinggi head (Hh) = 1/4 D
(Brownell & Young,1959)
= 1,221 D3
= 3,27 m = 10,74 t 12 t
Hs
Hh
= 12 t = 3 t
1991)
Dimana :
C.21
Desublimator (DE-01)
Fungsi
Jenis
Kondisi Operasi :
Fluida pendingin mengalir di daerah annulus dan arah aliran berlawanan dengan
arah gas
Pendingin
Produk
gas
DE-01
Gas hasil
desublimasi
Padatan hasil
desublimasi
Pendingin
= 30 in = 0,762 m
hio = hi
IDinner
ODinner
Jenis :
G = 16,7077 kg/s
= 0,85 g cm3
: 1,56 cP
Metanol-Air
= 33 in = 83,82 cm
diameter annulus De = 4
diameter annulus De = 4
648,2568
= 10,4877cm
78,74
1
1
1
=
Uc hio ho
Uc = 0,0472
Rd =
1
1
Ud Uc
Ud = 0,0405
Ao =
L=
Ldesign = 1.2 L = 1.2 14 = 16,3 m
Jenis
Jumlah
: 2 unit
Data
:
Pendingin ( shell )
T1 = 30oC
t1 = 220oC
T2 = 60 oC
t2 = 72oC
Cp = 4,186 kJ/kg oC
G = 143710,6022 lb/jam
Q lepas
mt x Ct x Tt
ms x Cs x Ts
mt x 4,186 x (30-60)
62144057,2519
mt
75,2219 kg/s
597008,7727 lb/jam
=
Trial Ud = 29 Btu/( jam ft2 oF )
Dirancang:
shell tube passes
11
674
OD tube
1 in
ID shell
37 in
11,1 in
PT (triangular)
in
20 ft
0,25 in
Shell (n=1)
as
Tube (n=1)
at
= 0,516 in2
at
= 0,5704 ft2
Table
10
=
= 2,41 ft2
Gs
Gt
=
Fig.
=
=
523309,3698
lb/(jam)(ft2)
= 0,25 cP
=
t
29809,4649
lb/(jam)(ft2)
= 0,02 cP
Fig.
14
Fig.
28
14
Ds
= 0,99 in
Dt
= 0,81 in
= 0,0825 ft
Res
Table.
4
Table.
10
= 0,0675 ft
Ret
= 71360,3686
= 41573,1174
0,067
k
ho
= 247,5 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
hi
hio
294,448
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
Uc
(Table 10)
238,503
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
121,45 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
0,2618 ft2/ft
=
=
=
UD
3529,064 ft2
=
RD
28,757 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
0,026 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
N+1
0,0013 ft2/in2
Tube
Fig. 26
f = 0,0001
=
=
s =
P
21,62
1
P1
=
=
s = 0,85
2,75 psi
=
= 0,0006 psi
= 0,0001
P2
Fig. 27
=
= 0,0005 psi
PT
= P1 + P2
C.23
0,0011 psi
(memenuhi)
Condensor (CD-02)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Data
:
Umpan dari RD-01 ( shell )
Pendingin ( Tube )
T1 = 122oF
t1 = 5oF
Tdew = 55,124oF
t2 = 32oF
T2 = 23 oF
Cp = 0,81 Btu/lb oF
G = 36836,7324 lb/jam
Cp = 0,24 Btu/lb oF
P yang diizinkan = max 5 psi
Q = 453183,4 Watt = 1532381,8573 Btu/jam
Azas Black
Q terima
Q lepas
mt x Ct x Tt
ms x Cs x Ts
mt x 0,81 x (32-5)
1532381,8573
mt
70067,7575 lb/jam
Desuperheating area
Q = CpT
= 36836,7324 0,24 (122-55,124)
Condensing Area
Q= +
= 406,896511,6079+ 89,0961085,55
= 591238,0244 Btu/jam
= 672158,5212 Btu/jam
Q = CpT
= 34888,89 0,24 (55,124 - 23)
= 268935,3117 Btu/jam
QC = 941143,8329 Btu/jam
Weigthed Temperature
Weigthed Temperature =
1532381,8573 Btu
591238,0244 Btu
o
57,2006 F
jam
jam
941143,8329 Btu
jam
24,9698 F
Dirancang:
shell tube passes
14
632
OD tube
1 in
ID shell
25 in
37 in
PT (triangular)
12 ft
0,25 in
in
Shell (n=1)
as
Tube (n=4)
at
= 0,516 in2
at
= 1,9014 ft2
Table
10
=
= 0,566 ft2
Gs
Gt
=
=
19373,5919
lb/(jam)(ft2)
123998,4894
lb/(jam)(ft2)
Fig.
14
= 0,02 cP
= 3 cP
Fig.
28
Ds
= 0,99 in
Dt
= 0,81 in
= 0,0825 ft
Res
= 0,0675 ft
Ret
Fig.
14
Table.
10
= 33023,168
Fig.
28
jH
= 170
Table.
4
= 1152,8785
jH
= 4
0,014
0,33
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
Prandtl = 0,75
ho
Fig.24
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
Prandtl =
hi
= 26,21 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
hio
51,0786
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
=
Uc
41,3737
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
(Table 10)
16,0456 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
0,2618 ft2/ft
=
=
=
UD
3309,152 ft2
=
=
RD
14,5135 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
0,0066 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
N+1
0,0016 ft2/in2
Tube
Fig. 26
f = 0,0002
=
=
P
6,48
P1
=
=
0,86 psi
=
= 0,0465 psi
= 0,0015
Fig. 27
P2
=
= 0,024 psi
PT
= P1 + P2
= 0,0465 psi + 0,024 psi
=
C.24
Fungsi
0,0705 psi
(memenuhi)
Condensor (CD-03)
: Mengembunkan sebagian hasil atas dari Menara Distilasi MD-01
untuk dikembalikan ke MD-01 sebagai reflux
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Data
:
Umpan dari MD-01 ( shell )
Pendingin ( Tube )
T1 = 65,1674oC
t1 = 25oC = 77oF
T2 = 64,8569 oC
t2 = 40oC = 104oF
G = 61086,16568 lb/jam
Cp = 4,184 kJ/kg oC
Q lepas
mt x Ct x Tt
ms x Cs x Ts
mt x 4,184 x (40-25)
62144057,2519
mt
275,0516 kg/s
2182985,549 lb/jam
=
Trial Ud = 150 Btu/( jam ft2 oF )
58901195,3943
Dirancang:
shell tube passes
12
664
OD tube
1 in
ID shell
25 in
37 in
PT (triangular)
20 ft
0,25 in
in
Shell (n=1)
as
Tube (n=2)
at
= 0,516 in2
at
= 1,9014 ft2
Table
10
=
= 1,19 ft2
Gs
Gt
=
32077,2877
lb/(jam)(ft2)
919259,3258
lb/(jam)(ft2)
Fig.
14
= 1 cP
= 0,5 cP
Fig.
14
Fig.
28
Ds
= 0,99 in
Dt
= 0,81 in
Table.
10
= 0,0825 ft
Res
= 0,0675 ft
Ret
= 40,0676
= 51280,9955
0,13
Table.
4
Fig
12.9
ho
= 325 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF/ft)
hi
= 1000 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
hio
=
=
= 810Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
Uc
(Table 10)
=
=
231,9383 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
0,2618 ft2/ft
=
=
UD
=
=
RD
3476,704 ft2
147,2872 Btu/(jam)(ft2)(oF)
=
=
0,0025 (jam)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
N+1
0,0013 ft2/in2
Tube
Fig. 26
f = 0,0002
=
=
s =
P
6,48
0,001
P1
=
=
s = 1
1,4 psi
=
= 0,0465 psi
= 0,0015
P2
Fig. 27
=
= 0,024 psi
PT
= P1 + P2
= 0,0465 psi + 0,024 psi
=
C.25
0,0705 psi
(memenuhi)
Crystalizer (CR-01)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah Alat
: 2 unit
Pendingin (jacket)
Tin = 73oC
Tin = 5oC
Tout = 10 oC
Tout = 25oC
LMTD =
10 5
Watt
Btu
atau 285 -1135 2 .
2 o
m K
jam ft F
Inner vessel
Dicoba ID inner = 132 in = 11 ft = 3,3528 m
OD inner = 132,5 in = 3,3655 m
Panjang pengaduk = 3 ft = 0,914 m
Diameter Draft tube = 6 ft
RPM pengaduk = 100 rpm = 1,67 RPS
Reynold number =
Prandtl number =
L2 N
= 3483948,73
=2
Jacket
Menghitung kebutuhan air pendingin :
mc =
711039 Watt
= 8,491 kg
s
o
j
4.187
(25 5) C
o
g C
672,3132 cm2
4
Diameter ekivalen =
g
2
12,6296 cm s
Ga' De
v
Reynold number =
= 3213,9657
Prandtl number =
=6,912
Uc ho hio
Uc = 521,8253
Watt
m2 K
dengan Rd = 2
cm 2 K
Watt
Rd =
1
1
Ud Uc
Ud =472,5116
Watt
m2 K
Ao , Luas permukaan transfer panas berdasarkan luas bagian luar dari inner vessel :
Ao =
711039 Watt
= 79,1516 m 2
Watt
472,5116 2 19,011
m K
L=
L/D = 6,68 / 3,3528 = 2
P=
Power yang dibutuhkan
Np N 3 Da 5
gc
diinginkan adalah berkisar 20 Mesh = 0,833 mm. Dengan bantuan bilangan tak
berdimensi Z =
L
G
dXm
yang optimum terjadi pada
dZ
Z=3. Pada Z=3, akan terbentuk kristal dengan ukuran L yang paling banyak.
0,833 10 3 meter
= 2,77 jam
10 4 m / jam
18967,8163 kg/jam
m3
=
18,967
jam
1000 kg/m 3
67,24 m 3
= 3,545 jam
3
m
18,967
jam
t sudah lebih besar dari , dianggap perancangan sudah baik karena feed
yang berasal dari condenser CD-01 sudah terdapat kristal dan adanya seed
Diameter pipa standar yang dipakai dengan NPS = 1/8 in, Schedule Number
=40, dengan thickness 0,068 in ( Brownel and Young,1959)
Feed hasil Condenser CD-01
Dipakai carbon steel
G = 5,2502 kg/s
Diameter pipa standar yang dipakai dengan NPS = 2 in, Schedule Number
=40, dengan thickness 0,154 in ( Brownel and Young,1959)
Outlet
Dipakai carbon steel
G = 5,2627 kg/s
Diameter pipa standar yang dipakai dengan NPS = 2 in, Schedule Number
=40, dengan thickness 0,154 in ( Brownel and Young,1959)
C.26
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Jenis Filtration dipilih karena dapat menghasilkan cake yang lebih kering
dibandingkan jenis sedimentation centrifugation .
Untuk proses kontinu , dipilih jenis moving bed ( Dinding dan cake ikut
berputar ) dengan scroll atau pusher untuk mengeluarkan cake dari alat
Spesifikasi padatan :
Porositas diperkirakan 10 %
( P ) = w
(r
r1
2 gc
2
.. ( 1 )
Dengan
P =
w=
r2 =
ri =
r1 =
B=
Panjang Bowl, cm
LIQUID
AXIS
CAKE
r1
ri
r2
Asumsi :
ri sama dengan r1
0,8 g/cm3
1,2 g/cm3
Kecepatan putar
Diameter Bowl
65 cm
r2
32,5 cm
Tebal cake
4 cm
r1
28,5 cm
Porositas cake
0,1
0,4
Dp
20 Mesh, 0,833 mm
V/t
Filtrat
3664,538 cm3/s
dV A 2 ( P )
=
dt
2 Cv V
.. ( 2 )
2 K S (1 x ) (1 X ) xX
:
.. ( 3 )
gc Dp 2 FRE
K=
32
Ff
.. ( 4 )
FRE adalah Reynold number factor, dan harganya bisa dibaca pada Fig 219
pada ( Brown,1950 ). Ff adalah Friction factor dan harganya bisa dibaca pada Fig
220 ( Brown,1950 ). Dari grafik diperoleh harga FRE = 75 dan Ff = 250.000 . Harga
gc = 1 bila sistem mks. Dari persamaan 4 diperoleh K = 6.5 10 8 cm 2
Dari persamaan 3 diperoleh hasil hitungan Cv = 3.1964 104
g
cm 3 s
2 b(r2 r1 )
r
ln 2
r1
.. ( 5 )
Aa = (r2 r1 ) b
.. ( 6 )
.. ( 7 )
Cv V
t
=
V AL Aa ( P )
.. ( 8 )
V adalah volume filtrat yang dihasilkan per sekali push atau volume filtrat
saat tebal cake mencapai tebal cake yang diinginkan. Hubungan V dengan tebal cake
atau massa cake yang ada pada bowl adalah :
(1 x ) (1 X )
2
2
V = S
X r2 ri b
x
.. ( 9 )
S (1 x ) (1 X )
X Cv V
t
x
b=
(r2 r1 ) (
r2 r1 ) w 2
r
ln 2
r1
3
1.2 (1 0.4) (1 0.1)
0.1 3.1964 10 4
3664,538 cm
3
s
0.8 0.4
cm s
b=
(32.5 28.5) (32.5 28.5) cm 2 0.8 g 62.8 rad 2
s
cm 3
ln 32.5
28.51
b = 45,836
Panjang Bowl adalah = 45,836 cm dan sebagai oveerdesign dipakai harga b = 50 cm
C.27
Fungsi
Jenis alat
Alasan
Proses kontinu
Co-current flow dengan alasan agar gas pengering input yang masih panas
berkontak dengan padatan DMT input
tekanan uap yang cukup besar untuk menguap, sehingga padatan DMT yang
sudah kering akan berkontak dengan gas pengering yang sudah relatif rendah
suhunya
RD-01
: 150oC
: 50oC
: 4,396 kg/s
Kecepatan udara di dalam mantel rotary dryer biasanya antara 0,5-50 kg/(s.m2)
(hal 12-55, Perry,1999),untuk desain alat diambil 1kg/(s.m2).
A=
A = 1 / 4 D 2
4 xA
D=
1/ 2
4 x 4,396m 2
=
3,14
1/ 2
= 2,366 m
Diameter rotary dryer biasanya antara 0,2-3 m (hal.12-56, Perry, 1999), sehingga
desain diameter terpenuhi.
d. Hold-up padatan
Hold-up padatan berkisar 10 -15 % ( Perry, 1984 )
Diambil harga 10 %
Volume Rotary = 1 D 2 L = 43,96 m3
4
Hold up = 0,1 43,96 m 3 = 4,396 m 3
Kecepatan umpan = 2,3372 kg/s
s = 1283 kg / m
m3
s
holdup
Kecepatan volumetris umpan
e. Slope
0,23 L
BLG
0,6
0.9
F
SN D
B = 5Dp 0,5
B = Konstanta
Dp = Diameter rata-rata , m
F = Feed rate,
lb solid kering
hr ft 2
lb udara kering
hr ft 2
= Slope, ft/ft
N = rpm
L = Panjang Dryer , ft
Padatan = 2,3372 kg/s = 491,4815
Gas = 1,4
kg
s m2
= 1037,037
lb solid kering
hr ft 2
lb udara kering
hr ft 2
L = 12 m = 45,9318 ft
N = 2,67 rpm
D = 2 m = 6,5617 ft
Dp rata-rata = 20 Mesh = 0,833 mm = 833 m
B = 5 8330.5 = 0,1732
45,1205 =
0,23 45,9318
0,1732 45,9318 1037,037
0,6
0.9
491,4815
S 2,67 6,5617
S = 9,843 10-3
C.28
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Reflux
:1
ig 11.13 (
Coulson,1983 ).
Relative volatility light komponent pada bagian atas Menara Distilasi :
0.9894
1 0.9894 = 2.5310
atas =
0.9736
1 0.9736
average = 3.8859
Molal Average Viskosity liquid = = 0.3 cP
average = 1.1658
Pada fig 11.13 pada Coulson,1983 bisa dibaca dengan harga average =
1.1658
diperoleh efisiensi plate berkisar 45 %.
Kebutuhan actual plate = 11 ( termasuk reboiler partial dan condensor partial ) x
100/45 =24.4444 plate.
Dipakai 23 plate + 1 unit reboiler partial + 1 unit condensor partial.
Feed plate juga harus dikoreksi, feed 1 berupa uap masuk pada spacing antara
plate 4 dan 5 , feed 2 berupa uap masuk pada spacing antara plate 11 dan 12, dan
feed 3 berupa liquid masuk pada downcomer menuju plate 13
Menentukan Diameter Coloum dengan Sieve -Tray:
Dc =
4 Vw
v Uv
0.5
( 42 )
( 43 )
dengan ;
Uv = kecepatan uap maksimum , m/s
lt = plate spacing , m
Dc = diameter coloum, m
Vw = maksimum vapor rate , kg/s
Jenis plate yang digunakan adalah Sieve-plate. Tipe Sieve plate merupakan tipe
yang paling sederhana, paling murah ( berkisar 1/3 dari harga bubble cap ) dan
pressure drop yang lebih kecil. Liquid tertahan ( tidak jatuh melalui lubang tray )
hanya karena ditahan oleh uap. Sehingga sieve tray tidak bisa digunakan untuk
vapor flow rate yang rendah karena weeping akan terjadi. Weeping terjadi bila
liquid jatuh melalui lubang karena uap tidak mampu menahan liquid di lubang.
V = 3499,5186 kmol/jam
XDM = 0,9894
YOM = 0,9736
XM =
= 15,4084 kg/s
VM =
XA =
= 0,093 kg/s
VA =
L = 15,5014 kg/s
= 30,4239 kg/s
= 0,4709 kg/s
V = 30,8948
V = 2012,1383 kmol/jam
XDM = 0,9626
YOM = 0,914
XM =
= 14,1707 kg/s
VM =
XA =
= 0,801 kg/s
VA =
L = 14,9717 kg/s
= 17,2393kg/s
= 0,3767 kg/s
V = 17,616 kg/s
338,01
L=
15,5014
Kg/s
V=
30,7872
kg/s
Fraksi berat tiap komponen
xi
BM,i
xi * BM,i
wi
rho,i
wi/rho,i
Metanol
0,9894
32,042
31,7024
0,994
792
1,26E-03
Water
0,0106
18,02
0,191
0,006
984,7
6,08E-06
1,0000
31,8934
BM camp.
L=
792,9293
kg/m3
V =
1,1498
kg/m3
Lt =
2,5ft
1,26E-03
31,8934
kg/kmol
)
0,762 m
L v
0.5
792,9293 1,1498
Uv = 0.171 (0,762) 0.27 (0,762) 0.047
1,1498
0.5
Uv = 1,56m / s
Dc =
4 Vw
v Uv
4 30,7872
= 4,67469m = 15,337 ft
3,14 1,1498 1,56
Dc =
372,55 K
L=
14,9717 kg/s
V=
17,616 kg/s
BM,i
xi * BM,i
Wi
rho,i
wi/rho,i
Metanol
0,9626
32,042
30,8436
0,9786
792 1.2356E-03
Water
0,0374
18,02
0,6740
0,0214
984,7 2.1716E-05
1,0000
31,5176
BM camp. Gas =
L=
795,3282 kg/m3
V =
1,0309 kg/m3
1.2573E-03
31.5176
L v
0.5
795,328 1,033
Uv = 0.171 (0,762) 0.27 (0,762) 0.047
1,033
0.5
Uv = 1,648m / s
Dc =
4 Vw
v Uv
Dc =
4 17,616
= 3,63m = 11,907 ft
3,14 1,033 1,648
= 0,762 m
Flv
K1
Kecepatan Flooding
u f = K1
= 0,0191
L v
v
= 0,12
= 3,1489 m/s
= 3,1489 0,8 = 2,5191 m s
Uf design
An
Downcomer area
Ac
Dc
= 12 %
= 3,9283 m = 12,89 ft
= 0,762 m
Flv
K1
Kecepatan Flooding
u f = K1
= 0,0306
L v
v
= 0,125
= 3,4696 m/s
Uf design
An
Downcomer area
Ac
Dc
= 12 %
= 2,9844 m = 9,79 ft
Design
0,0195
m3/s
Dari fig 11.28 Coulson diperoleh flow pattern Single Pass (Cross Flow)
Ad =
An = Ac-Ad=
Aa = Ac-2Ad =
Ah = 0.08Aa=
Ad/Ac =
1,9691
m2
2
14,4399 m
2
12,4708 m
0,9977
m2
0,12
Carbon Steel
0,0186 m3/s
Dari fig 11.28 Coulson diperoleh flow pattern Single Pass (Cross Flow)
Ad =
1,0589
m2
An = Ac-Ad=
7,7655
m2
Aa = Ac-2Ad =
6,7065
m2
Ah = 0.08Aa=
0,5365
m2
Ad/Ac =
0,12
Carbon Steel
Ket :
Ad = down comer area
An = net flow area
Aa = active area
Ah = hole area
Layout Plate :
Menara bagian atas :
Digunakan cartrige-type construction dengan 2 in unperforated strip around plate
edge dan 2 in wide calming zones.
* Perforated Area
dari Fig 11.32, pada lw/Dc = 0.77
- teta = 98 o
- alfa = 82 o
-
21,3948 m
31518,72 unit
90,625 in
- Tinggi total = 92 ft
- H/D = 6,1
Tebal dinding dan Head Menara :
Persamaan empirik yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi thickness vessel yaitu ;
t=
P Ri
C
f E 0.6 P
( 52 )
P =
Ri =
f =
E =
Joint koefisien
C =
Corrosion allowance , in
t=
C allowance = 0.125 in
Pada menara bagian atas, pengaruh wind load ataupun gempa akan kecil:
Untuk alasan keamanan dipakai coloum dengan thickness 5/16 in = 0.3125 in.
Spesifikasi Menara bagian bawah ( plate 5-23 ):
C allowance = 0.125 in
t=
t = 0,23 in
Dicoba t = 0,25 in
Head
Head jenis Torispherical cocok untuk operasi tekanan 15 sampai 200 psia.
Torispherical head cukup kuat dan harganya cukup ekonomis.
Menentukan thickness head menggunakan persamaan empirik ;
t=
Pi Rc Cs
C (Coulson, 1983)
2 f E Pi (Cs 0.2)
Thickness head, in
Pi =
Rc =
Crown radius , in
Rk =
Knuckle radius , in
Cs =
f =
E =
Joint koefisien
C =
Corrosion allowance , in
1
3
4
Rc
Rk
Untuk mencegah terjadinya buckling maka harga Rk / Rc harus lebih besar dari
0.06 dan Rc = ID shell. Bahan kontruksi head terbuat dari bahan yang sama
dengan dinding coloum yaitu Baja SA 283 , grade C dengan f = 12650 psia.
*Menara bagian atas :
t=
Feed 1
Reboiler (RE-01)
: Menguapkan sebagian hasil bawah dari Menara distilasi ( MD-01 )
untuk dikembalikan ke MD-01
Jenis
: Kettle Reboiler
Jumlah
: 2 unit
Data
:
Umpan dari RD-01 ( shell )
Steam jenuh
T1 = 98,6256 oC
t1 = 112,7778 oC = 385,9278 K
T2 = 99,308oC
G = 61086,16568 lb/jam
Q lepas
mt x Ct x Tt
ms x U
16454916,0107
ms x 2221,75
ms
7,3805 kg/s
58576,3303 lb/jam
R=
T1 T2 0.5588
=
= 0.0207
t 2 t1
27
S=
t 2 t1
27
=
= 0.3734
T1 t1 149.3013 77
Dirancang:
shell tube passes
12
736
OD tube
1 in
16 ft
( Coulson,1983 )
Nt
Db = do
K1
n1
0,249 dan
n1 = 2,207
736
Diameter bundle = Db = 1
0.249
2.207
= 37,3747 = 38
Diameter shell = 76 in
Tinggi weir = 43 in
Mengecek harga Rd dan Q flux maksimum
29288.17 Lb/hr
lb
= 22253.5658 2
2
2 736 0.516 1 / 144 ft
ft hr
Asumsi untuk steam menurut Kern 1950 adalah hio = 1500 Btu
jam ft 2 oF
jam ft 2 oF
Uc =
hio ho
= 600 Btu
jam ft 2 oF
hio ho
Ud hitungan = Q
AHE LMTD
= 270,6270 Btu
2
Rd allowable = 0,002 jam ft oF
jam ft 2 oF
Btu
2
Rd hitungan = 1 1 = 0,0020 jam ft oF
Ud
Uc
Btu
Q flux
Qflux = Uc LMTD = 20118,2565 Btu
jam ft 2
Menurut Kern , heat flux maksimum untuk water adalah 30.000 Btu/jam ft2
Harga terhitung lebih kecil dari heat flux maksimum.
Pressure drop
Shell side
Tube-side
( P )t =
f Gt 2 L n
5.22 1010 IDtube s
( P )return = 4 n V
s
2g
f = 0,0002
s = 0,5
( P )t =
f Gt 2 L n
5.22 1010 IDtube s
( P )t = 0,0002 1022331,1
20 2
5,22 10 0,81 / 12 0,5
2
V2
bisa dibaca pada fig 27 Kern
2g
V2
= 0,001
2g
( P )return = 4 n V
s
2g
( P )return = 4 2 0,001
0,5
= Jumlah gas,
lb
jam ft 2
C.30
Blower (BL-01)
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal Blower
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Jenis uap
99,4
15,5012
kg/s
Suhu inlet, Ti
64,856
Tekanan inlet, Pi
atm
Tekanan outlet, Po
1,75
atm
Cp campuran gas
50
J/gmol oC
8,314
J/gmol oC
1,2
1,75
Suhu outlet
97,8183
Densitas
0,0721
lb/ft3
28450,5225
ft3/menit
rpm
3000
Efisiensi
75
1443,85849
hp
1500
hp
C.31
Fungsi
34,16464 lb/s
Fan (F-01)
: Mengalirkan gas panas hasil furnace untuk dijadikan pemanas pada
HE-02
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Suhu, oC
440
440
Suhu , K
713,15
713,15
Tekanan, atm
Velocity, m/s
50
0,5468
0,5468
5,0000
9,1439
9,1439
18908,3206
18908,3206
127,5510
Density, kg/m3
Mass flow-rate, kg/s
Q, m3/s
Pressure head ,m
Velocity head,m=
) =
9647,1024
Pressure drop
) =
7203,1698
Pressure drop
Head total, m
16977,8231
Head total, ft
5174,8405
Q, ft3/s
322,9145
-Ws, hp (
103,7108
Effisiensi
0,7
-Ws, hp
148,1583
Motor standard, hp
150
C.32
Mc.Cabe
Ludwig
Fan (F-02)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1), Unit Utilitas
Suhu, oC
25
25
Suhu , K
298,15
298,15
Tekanan, atm
Velocity, m/s
50
1,3079
1,3079
4,3960
4,3960
3,3610
3,3610
7905,0912
7905,0912
127,5510
Density, kg/m3
Mass flow-rate, kg/s
Q, m3/s
Pressure head ,m
Velocity head,m
)
)
)
)
= 806,6420
Pressure drop
= 1075,5226
Pressure drop
= 15,9998
= 209,2662
Head total, m
= 2234,9817
Head total, ft
= 681,2224
Q, ft3/s
= 118,6941
-Ws, hp (
= 12,0034
Effisiensi
= 0,70
-Ws, hp
= 17,1477
Motor standard, hp
= 20
C.33
Mc.Cabe
Ludwig
Fan (FAN-03)
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal Fan
Jumlah
: 2 unit
Titik (1), Unit Utilitas
Suhu, oC
220
220
Suhu , K
493,15
493,15
Tekanan, atm
Velocity, m/s
30
30
0,7908
0,7908
9,0993
9,0993
9,0993
9,0993
11,5071
11,5071
13075,2833
13075,2833
Density, kg/m3
Mass flow-rate, kg/s
Q, m3/s
Pressure head ,m
Velocity head,m
= 1778,9501
)
= 7,7298
= 61,1233
Head total, m
= 1847,8032
Head total, ft
= 563,2104
Q, ft3/s
= 406,3697
-Ws, hp (
= 20,5416
Effisiensi
= 0,70
-Ws, hp
= 29,3451
Motor standard, hp
= 30
C.34
Mc.Cabe
Ludwig
Fungsi
Jenis
Kondisi
: Belt conveyor
P = 1 atm ; T = 25 C
Jumlah
unit
Densitas
1510
Kg/m3
94,375
lb/ft3
6582,2222
kg/jam
14507,2178
lb/jam
Volumetrik (Q=
2,562
ft3/menit
Belt speed, W
100
fpm
0,0256
ft2
1000
ft
Kapasitas , T
dari tabel 7-10 Perry, 1984 dipilih ukuran belt Conveyor standar :
Lebar Belt, S
14
in.
Cross-sectional max
0,11
ft2
Belt Speed
100
fpm
hp required , Brown,1950 :
Antifriction bearing without tripper
Friction Factor , F
= 0,03
Lo
= 150
= 1,4636 hp
Material Conveyed
= 0,2528 hp
Elevation
= 0
hp
Trippers
= 0
hp
Total
C.35
Fungsi
1,7164 hp
Jenis
: Belt conveyor
Kondisi
P = 1 atm ; T = 25 C
Jumlah
unit
Densitas
1510
Kg/m3
94,375
lb/ft3
297,7901
kg/jam
656,3294
lb/jam
Volumetrik (Q=
0,1159
ft3/menit
Belt speed, W
100
fpm
0,0012
ft2
1000
ft
Kapasitas , T
dari tabel 7-10 Perry, 1984 dipilih ukuran belt Conveyor standar :
Lebar Belt, S
14
in.
Cross-sectional max
0,11
ft2
Belt Speed
100
fpm
hp required , Brown,1950 :
Antifriction bearing without tripper
Friction Factor , F
= 0,03
Lo
= 150
= 1,4636 hp
Material Conveyed
= 0,0114 hp
Elevation
= 0
hp
Trippers
= 0
hp
Total
C.36
1,4571 hp
Fungsi
Jenis
: Belt conveyor
Kondisi
P = 1 atm ; T = 25 C
Jumlah
unit
Densitas
1283
Kg/m3
80,1875
lb/ft3
8413,9466
kg/jam
18544,3383
lb/jam
Volumetrik (Q=
3,8544
ft3/menit
Belt speed, W
100
fpm
0,0385
ft2
Panjang, L
200
ft
Elevasi,
10
ft
Kapasitas , T
dari tabel 7-10 Perry, 1984 dipilih ukuran belt Conveyor standar :
Lebar Belt, S
14
in.
Cross-sectional max
0,11
ft2
Belt Speed
100
fpm
hp required , Brown,1950 :
Antifriction bearing without tripper
Friction Factor , F
= 0,03
Lo
= 150
= 0,4455
Material Conveyed
Elevation
= 0,0937
Trippers
Total
C.37
Fungsi
hp
0,0983 hp
hp
0,2325 hp
0,8699
hp
Jenis
: Belt conveyor
Kondisi
P = 1 atm ; T = 25 C
Jumlah
unit
Densitas
1283
Kg/m3
80,1875
lb/ft3
7578,7908
kg/jam
16703,6549
lb/jam
Volumetrik (Q=
3,4718
ft3/menit
Belt speed, W
100
fpm
0,0347
ft2
1000
ft
Kapasitas , T
dari tabel 7-10 Perry, 1984 dipilih ukuran belt Conveyor standar :
Lebar Belt, S
14
in.
Cross-sectional max
0,11
ft2
Belt Speed
100
fpm
hp required , Brown,1950 :
Antifriction bearing without tripper
Friction Factor , F
= 0,03
Lo
= 150
= 1,4636 hp
Material Conveyed
Elevation
= 0
hp
Trippers
= 0
hp
Total
C.38
Fungsi
0,291
hp
1,7547 hp
Jenis
Dari tabel 21-8 Perry, 1997 dipilih ukuran bucket elevator standar :
Laju alir massa
= 6582,222 kg/jam
Massa (7hari)
= 1105,813 ton
ton/jam
Tinggi
= 75
ft
Panjang bucket
= 12
in
Lebar bucket
= 7
in
Kedalaman bucket
= 7,25
in
= 18
in
Kecepatan bucket
= 300
ft/menit
= 13,16444 jam
= 38
= 6,5
hp
hp tambahan
= 10,5
hp
= 3 7/16
in
= 2 7/16
in
= 30
in
= 18
in
Lebar Belt
= 13
in
C.39
Fungsi
Jenis
Dari tabel 21-8 Perry, 1997 dipilih ukuran bucket elevator standar :
= 6582,222 kg/jam
Massa (1hari)
= 157,9733 ton
ton/jam
Tinggi
= 50
ft
Panjang bucket
= 6
in
Lebar bucket
= 4
in
Kedalaman bucket
= 4,25
in
= 12
in
Kecepatan bucket
= 225
ft/menit
= 11,284
jam
= 43
= 0,65
hp
hp tambahan
= 1
hp
= 1 15/16
in
= 1 11/16
in
= 20
in
= 14
in
Lebar Belt
= 7
in
C.40
Fungsi
Jenis
Dari tabel 21-8 Perry, 1997 dipilih ukuran bucket elevator standar :
Laju alir
= 7578,791 kg/jam
ton/jam
Tinggi
= 75
ft
Panjang bucket
= 6
in
Lebar bucket
= 4
in
Kedalaman bucket
= 4,25
in
= 12
in
Kecepatan bucket
= 225
ft/menit
= 43
jam
= 1,681835
Hp tambahan
= 0,28
hp
= 1 15/16
hp
= 1 11/16
in
= 20
in
= 14
in
Lebar belt
= 7
in
C.41
Fungsi
Pompa (P-01)
: Mengalirkan fresh metanol dari tangki penyimpan (TP-01) ke
vaporizer (VP-03)
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
1,7
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
2897,69
2897,69
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
3187,46
3187,46
800,00
800,00
data
Rho (),
viskositas,
kg/m
cP
0,75
0,75
data
Q,
m /jam
3,98
3,98
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
0,89
0,89
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
in
0,88
0,88
carbon
steel
1
40
40
carbon steel
in
Sch. N
non korosif
tabel 11, Kern
Di,
in
1,049
1,049
V pipa,
m/s
1,9859
1,9859
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
56441,9645
56441,9645
Re = VDi
Re pipa
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
7,108258929
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,201015424
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006947102
0,006947102
200
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 2 ft)
Standard Tee
0 (@ Le = 3.5 ft)
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 0.4 ft)
(@ Le = 0.4 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 20 ft)
1.12192
207.3152
5.8861E-02
10.8767
L + Le,
Fs
Fs total,
Total Head :
(-Ws),
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
10,9356
18,2449
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
18,2449
DH = z2-z1 = 0 0 = 0
Total Head =
18,2449
59,8584
ft
Q=
3,9843
m3/jam =
17,5444
gpm
P =
0,0391
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 0,21244 Hp = 0,1564 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
C.42
Pompa (P-02)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
72
72
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
1,1
Tinggi (Z),
2,5
data
kg/jam
18900,5765
18900,5765
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
20790,6341
20790,6341
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
Viskositas ()
cP
1,20
1,20
data
Q,
m3/jam
20,79
20,79
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
5,78
5,78
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
in
2,15
2,15
Carbon
steel
40
40
2,067
2,067
V pipa,
2,67
2,67
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
116772,38
116772,38
Re = VDi
carbon steel
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
Non Korosif
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
-1,033928571
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
3,5
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006184229
0,006184229
40
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
0 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 50 ft)
1 (@ Le = 50
ft)
23,5928
58,288
1,01001814
2,495334906
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
3,51
Total Head :
5,97
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
5,97
Total Head =
5,9714
19,5913
ft
Q=
m3/jam =
20,7906
P =
91,5484
gpm
0,2040
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 0,453522 Hp = 0,333792 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
C.43
Pompa (P-03)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
25
25
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
15
data
kg/jam
97362,42
97362,42
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
107098,66
107098,66
Rho (),
kg/m3
800,00
800,00
data
Viskositas ()
cP
0,75
0,75
data
Q,
m3/jam
133,87
133,87
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
29,75
29,75
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
in
5,46
5,46
Carbon
steel
carbon steel
Non Korosif
NPS,
in
Sch. N
40
40
Di,
in
6,065
6,065
V pipa,
2,00
2,00
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
328009,24
328009,24
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
11
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,005242256
0,005242256
10
100
Data
3 (@ Le = 15
3 (@ Le = 15
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
ft)
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 3.5
ft)
Globe valve
0 (@ Le = 180
ft)
23,716
114,7828
0,164068323
0,794072421
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,96
Total Head :
11,96
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
11,96
DH = z2-z1 = 15 4 = 11 m
Total Head =
11,9581
Q=
133,8733 m3/jam =
P =
39,2327
ft
589,4906 gpm
1,3133
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 4,678431 Hp = 3,443325 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Hp
Spesifikasi pompa :
Head : 11,9581 m
Debit : 133,8733 m3/jam
C.44
Pompa (P-04)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
10
10
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
1,5
Tinggi (Z),
0,5
data
kg/jam
18967,82
18967,82
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
20864,60
20864,60
Rho (),
kg/m3
1100
1100
data
Viskositas ()
cP
1,50
1,50
data
Q,
m3/jam
18,97
18,97
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
5,80
5,80
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
in
2,07
2,07
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
2,067
2,067
V pipa,
2,43
2,43
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
93750,24
93750,24
Fv design = 1,1 v = 1,1 18967,82= 20864,6 kg/jam
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
4,699675325
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
-0,5
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006405373
0,006405373
30
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
0 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 50 ft)
1 (@ Le = 50 ft)
21,5928
48,288
0,796923596
1,782161026
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
2,58
Total Head :
6,78
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
6,78
Total Head =
6,7788
Q=
18,9678
m3/jam =
P =
22,24
ft
83,5219
gpm
0,1861
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 0,5166695 Hp = 0,3802687 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
C.45
Pompa (P-05)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
10
10
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
10553,87
10553,87
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
11609,26
11609,26
Rho (),
kg/m3
800
800
data
Viskositas ()
cP
0,80
0,80
data
Q,
m3/jam
14,51
14,51
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
3,22
3,22
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
in
1,72
1,72
carbon steel
carbon steel
Non korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
2,067
2,067
V pipa,
1,8629
1,8629
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
97806,5803
97806,5803
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006362109
0,006362109
30
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
0 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 50 ft)
1 (@ Le = 50
ft)
20,5928
48,288
0,4418
1,0361
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
1,4779
Total Head :
6,4779
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
6,4779
DH = z2-z1 = 6 1 = 5
Total Head =
6,4779
21,2531
ft
Q=
14,5116
m3/jam =
63,8995
gpm
P =
0,1424
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 0,2747223 Hp = 0,2021956 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Hp
Spesifikasi pompa :
Head : 6,4779 m
Debit : 14,5116 m3/jam
C.46
Pompa (P-06)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
75
75
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
1,1
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
67,24
67,24
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
80,69
80,69
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
Viskositas ()
cP
1,20
1,20
data
Q,
m3/jam
0,08
0,08
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
0,02
0,02
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
in
0,14
0,14
carbon steel
carbon steel
Non korosif
1/8
1/8
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
0,269
0,269
V pipa,
m/s
0,6116
0,6116
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
3482,3192
3482,3192
Re = VDi
Re pipa
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
1,033928571
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,010848283
0,010848283
100
Data
Elbow
2(@ Le = 1 ft)
4 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 0.5
ft)
Globe valve
2,762
101,2192
0,0837
3,0670
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
3,1507
Total Head :
9,1846
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
9,1846
DH = z2-z1 = 7 2 = 5
Total Head =
9,1846
Q=
0,0807
m3/jam =
P =
30,1332
ft
0,3553
gpm
0,0008
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 0,002707 Hp = 0,001992 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Hp
Spesifikasi pompa :
Head : 9,1846 m
Debit : 0,0807 m3/jam
C.47
Pompa (P-07)
: Mengalirkan metanol cair dari Tangki Separator liquid gas (TS-03)
Fungsi
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
-5
-5
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
15
data
kg/jam
495,2995
495,2995
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
594,3594
594,3594
Rho (),
kg/m3
850
850,00
data
Viskositas ()
cP
0,90
0,90
data
Q,
m3/jam
0,70
0,70
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
0,17
0.17
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
in
0,41
0,41
carbon steel
carbon steel
Non korosif
1/2
1/2
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
0,622
0,622
V pipa,
m/s
0,9913
0,9913
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
14791,4379
14791,4379
Re = VDi
Re pipa
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
14
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0.008607129
0.008607129
100
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
Data
Elbow
2(@ Le = 1 ft)
6 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 0.5
ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 10
ft)
2.762
106.4008
0.0754
2.906315787
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
2.9818
Total Head :
16.9818
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
16.9818
DH = z2-z1 = 15 1 = 14
Total Head =
16,9818
Q=
0,6992
m3/jam =
P =
55,7144
ft
3,0790
gpm
0,0069
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 0,036871 Hp = 0,027137 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Hp
Spesifikasi pompa :
Head : 16,9818 m
Debit : 0,6992 m3/jam
C.48
Pompa (P-08)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
35,8
35,8
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
1,7
1,7
Tinggi (Z),
0,5
1,5
data
kg/jam
3622,1137
3622,1137
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
3984,33
3984,33
800
800
data
Rho (),
viskositas,
kg/m
cP
0,75
0,75
data
Q,
m /jam
4,98
4,98
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
1,11
1,11
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
0,99
0,99
carbon
steel
1
40
40
in
Sch. N
carbon steel
Non korosif
Di,
in
1,049
1,049
V pipa,
m/s
2,4824
2,4824
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
70552,4563 70552,4563
Fv design = 1,1 v = 1,1 3622,1137 = 3984,33 kg jam
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006703445
0,006703445
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 2 ft)
2 (@ Le = 2 ft)
Standard Tee
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 30 ft)
1 (@ Le = 30
ft)
14,192
12,3632
L + Le,
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
Fs
1,1226
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
0,9779
Fs total,
5,1869
Total Head :
5,7776
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
5,7776
Total Head =
6,1869
20,2981
ft
Q=
4,9804
m3/jam =
21,9305
gpm
P =
0,0489
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 0,09 Hp = 0,066 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
C.49
Pompa (P-09)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
99,3
99,3
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
1462,28
1462,28
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
1608,51
1608,51
950
950
data
Rho (),
kg/m
viskositas,
cP
0,90
0,90
data
Q,
m3/jam
1,69
1,69
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
0,45
0,45
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
0,58
0,5
0,58
carbon
steel
0,5
40
40
carbon steel
in
Sch. N
non korosif
tabel 11, Kern
Di,
in
0,622
0,622
V pipa,
2,40
2,40
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
40030
40030
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
-1
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,0073397
0,0073397
300
Data
Elbow
3 (@ Le = 15
ft)
3 (@ Le = 15
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
(@ Le = 3,5 ft)
1 (@ Le = 3,5
ft)
Globe valve
0 (@ Le = 180
ft)
15.716
314,7828
2,146351707
42,99023925
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
45,14
Total Head :
44,14
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
44,14
DH = z2-z1 = 5-4 = 1
Total Head =
44,1366
Q=
1,6932
m3/jam =
P =
144,8051 ft
7,4556
gpm
0,0166
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
= 0,0263 Hp = 0,0194 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
C.50
Pompa (P-10)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
64,86
64,86
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
55805,19
55805,19
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
61385,70
61385,70
Rho (),
kg/m3
800
800
data
viskositas,
cP
0,80
0,80
data
Q,
m3/jam
76,73
76,73
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
17,05
17,05
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
4,09
4,09
carbon steel
carbon steel
non korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
4,026
4,026
V pipa,
2,5965
2,5965
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
Re = VDi
265520,2302 265520,2302
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
15
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,00542256
0,00542256
30
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 10 ft)
2 (@ Le = 10
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
0 (@ Le = 2 ft)
0 (@ Le = 2 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 100
ft)
38,576
66,576
0,7036
1,2143
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
1,918
Total Head :
16,918
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
16.918
DH = z2-z1 = 20 5 = 15
Total Head =
16,9180
Q=
76,7321
m3/jam =
P =
55,5051
ft
337,8782 gpm
0,7527
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
3,793741 Hp = 2,7921934 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
LAMPIRAN D
PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN UTILITAS
D.1
1.
= 1465,083 m3
=plt
=ppp
1465,083
= p3
l=t
=9m
= 18 m
2.
Bak penggumpal
Fungsi : Menggumpulkan koloid dengan menambahkan koagulant Al2(SO4)3
(Alum) dan water presoftening Na2CO3 (Soda Abu)
Pada bak pengumpal disertai pengaduk untuk mempercepat proses flokulasi
ALum digunakan untuk menetralkan ion-ion penyebab koloid
=
= 29,854 lb/hari = 13,541 kg/hari = 4468,667 kg/tahun
=
=
166,548=
= 10 m
=5m
Diameter impeller Di = 1 3 D = 1 3 5 = 2 m = 79 in
Vcairan ZL =
EL = s
L=
= 42,406 rpm
Jumlah baffle
w/Di
0,1
0,2
0,6
3.
= 9,084 hp
0,64
Power pengaduk
14
Power standar
15
hp
2,893
kg/jam
= 57,869 kg/jam
Density larutan
= 0,95 air + 0,05 Alum
= 0,95 1000 + 0,05 1160
1008
kg/m3
1,389
m3
1,667
m3
=
=
1,667 =
D
=1m
=2m
EL = s
L=
) = 317,568 rpm
Dt / Di = 3,03 ; ZL / Di = 6,43
Dari Fig. 477 Brown dipilih jenis marine propeller dengan 3 blade
Pitch = 2 Di
0,7
Jumlah baffle
w/Di
0,1
= 0,033
4.
0,85
= 0,666 hp
= 9,084
Power pengaduk
0,55
Power standar
hp
0,564
kg/jam
11,285
kg/jam
Density larutan
= 0,95 air + 0,05 soda abu
= 0,95 1000 + 0,05 1065,12
= 1003,256
kg/m3
0,271
m3
0,325
m3
=
=
0,325 =
D
= 1,18 m
= 0,59 m
EL = s
L=
) = 512,039 rpm
Dt / Di = 3 ; ZL / Di = 5,997
Dari Fig. 477 Brown dipilih jenis marine propeller dengan 3 blade
Pitch = 2 Di
= 0,394
Jumlah baffle
w/Di
0,1
0,02
0,85
=
=
= 0,249 hp
(
0,6
5.
Power pengaduk
= 0,415
Power standar
0,5
hp
Clarifier
Fungsi : Mengendapkan gumpalan-gumpalan kotoran dari bak penggumpal
secara sedimentasi
Dipakai bak berbentuk kerucut terbalik, dengan waktu tinggal 60 menit &
over design 10 %
Volume Clarifier = 199,8579 m3
D1
h = 10 ft = 3,048 m
D2 = 0,61 D1
V=
V=
D1 =
= 10,26
m
D2 = 6,26 m
y = 4,57 m
Jadi dimensi clarifier :
tinggi
diameter atas
3,0
= 10,3 m
diameter bawah =
6,3
Viskositas campuran
0,05
kg/m/menit
10,578
kg/jam
166545,321
kg/jam
50
10
1,058
kg/jam
9,521
kg/jam
19,041
kg/jam
166535,8001
kg/jam
166536,8579
kg/jam
166,5369
m3/jam
Neraca massa :
Total koagulant solid = Fdrain + FAlum + Fsoda abu
Total cairan
= Fairsisa + 0,95 FALum95% + Fsoda abu95%
6.
gal/menit ft2
166,537
m3/jam
733,319
gal/menit
244,440
ft2
D=
ft
5,4
17,6
0,6
diambil : 18 in =
0,5
0,45
mm
0,001476
ft
Trial porositas =
0,6
Sperisitas
0,75
Viskositas air
0,000672
lb/ft/detik
Fre
13
Fff
300
Filtration rate
0,008811
ft/detik
3,940
gpm/ft2
24
jam
25
gpm/ft2
244,44
ft2
22,707
m2
6110,399
gpm
kecepatan backwash
Jumlah air untuk backwash diambil sebesar 4 % dari air yang disaring
( kisaran : 0,5-5 % air disaring, Powell, 1954)
Kebutuhan air backwashing
= 4 733,319 gpm 60 24
42239,203
galon
waktu backwashing
6,913
menit
0,115
jam
7.
1,058
166535,8
Volume tangki =
= 183,2 m3
Dimensi tangki : D = H
8.
D=H=
= 6,2
Tebal dinding =
= 12
cm
= 150110,064
kg/jam
9.
= 1501100,64
kg/jam
Flowrate
= 1501,101
m3/jam
Waktu tinggal
= 1
jam
Volume
= 1501,101
m3
Overdesign 20 %
= 1801,321
m3
P = L = 2T =
= 15
Tinggi
= 8
Tebal dinding
= 20
cm
Hot Basin
Fungsi : Menampung proses yang akan didinginkan di cooling tower
Alat
10.
Air pendingin
= 1501100,640 kg/jam
Flowrate
= 1501,101
m3/jam
Waktu tinggal
= 1
jam
Volume
= 1501,101
m3
Overdesign 20 %
= 1801,321
m3
P = L = 2T =
= 15
Tinggi
= 8
Tebal dinding
= 20
cm
5,960015
m3/jam
26,24
gpm
Luas penampang, A
5,249
ft2
Diameter, D =
2,6
ft
0,8
Q air sadah
Kebutuhan zeolit :
Tebal zeolit yang diperlukan 30 - 72 in (Powell, 1954),
diambil t = 60 in (1,524 m)
Volume zeolit, V =
26,244
ft3
Densitas zeolit, =
13,85
lb/ft3
Kebutuhan zeolit = V =
363,48
lb = 164,871
26,244
ft3
Densitas RNH2 , =
16,55
lb/ft3
kg
Kebutuhan R - NH2 :
Kebutuhan RNH2 = V =
434,338 lb = 197,012
kg
Regenerasi zeolit :
Tiap 1 ft3 zeolit dapat menghilangkan 2000 - 12000 grain "hardness".
Dalam satu gallon air rata-rata terdapat 10 grain hardness (Powell, 1954).
Diambil kapasitas 7000 grain/ft3 zeolit. Sehingga,
Zeolit total dapat menghilangkan hardness sebanyak 183708,07 grain
Jumlah air yang dilunakkan
18370,807 gallon
700
menit
11,67
jam
Larutan NaCl yang digunakan adalah larutan jenuh pada suhu kamar.
Konsentrasi larutan jenuh NaCl pada suhu kamar adalah 36,36 g NaCl/ 100g
H2O
Kebutuhan air untuk membuat NaCl jenuh =
11.
= 230,755 kg/hari
kg/m3
m3/hari
= 0,20
m3/hari
= 0,24
12.
D=
= 0,5
H = 2D
= 1,1
Deaerator
Fungsi : Menghilangkan gas - gas yang terlarut dalam air (seperti CO2 dan
O2) umpan boiler untuk mengurangi terjadinya korosi.
Jenis
= 5960,015 kg/jam
5,960
m3/j
Waktu tinggal diambil 12 jam, dan digunakan tangki dengan overdesign 20%
Volume tangki =
= 85,82 m3
air
= 3,8
H = 2D
= 7,6
steam
= 8000
kg/jam
= 1000
kg/m3
= 34,5
kg/m3
= 0,00062
kg/m/s
= 34,852
= 0,085
= 1,312
kg/m2/s
= 1,693
m2
D=
= 1,469
1,5
Vw = (
= 0,5
= 0,25
= 0,25
Tinggi shell
= 1
= 0,375
Tinggi Total
= 1,75
14.
Volume bed
= 26,244
ft3
NaoH diperlukan
= 91,854
lb
Kadar NaOH
= 4
Kapasitas tangki, m
= 8 regenerasi
= 8331,432 kg
kg/dm3
L =
= 1,039
Volume larutan, V =
= 8018,702 L
15.
= 23,1
dm
= 2,3
Bak Klorinasi
Fungsi : Mencampur air dengan klorin untuk membunuh kuman penyakit /
desinfektan (untuk air perkantoran dan keperluan umum)
Jumlah air yang diolah
= 10000
kg/jam
= 10
m3/jam
Volume bak =
= 288
m3
P = L = 2T =
= 8,3
Tinggi
= 4,2
16.
Volume bak
= 72
m3
P = L = 2T =
= 5,2
Tinggi
= 2,6
Tangki Kaporit
Fungsi : Menyiapkan dan menyimpan larutan kaporit 5% untuk persediaan 2
minggu
Konsentrasi kaporit dalam air yang diolah
= 5
ppm
Kebutuhan kaporit =
= 0,05
kg/jam
= 1
kg/jam
= 1000
kg/m3
= 336
jam
V=
= 0,336 m3
= 0,403 m3
17.
D =
= 0,5
H = 2D
= 1
Cooling Tower
Fungsi : Mendinginkan kembali air pendingin yang digunakan pada alat -alat
proses menjadi 30oC sebelum disirkulasikan lagi
Sistem : Kontak langsung dengan udara didalam cooling tower (fan)
Jenis
= 1501100,640 kg/jam
= 6609,866 gpm
Densitas air
= 1000
kg/m3
= 50
= 30
= 30
= 25,56
C = 122
C = 86
C = 86
C = 78
Cooling range
= 20
F
F
F
F
C
C = 36
Dari Fig 12.14 Perry, 1984, konsentrasi air = 3,5 gal/(menit ft2)
18.
= 1888,533
ft2
= 0,037
hp/(ft2 tower)
= 70
hp
75
hp
= 4,6 ~ 6,1
m (Perry, 1984)
= 6
= 20
ft
Volumetric rate
= 59,600
m3/jam
19.
waktu tinggal
= 3
jam
Kapasitas
= 178,800 m3
V design = 1,2 V
= 214,561 m3
= 1
V tiap bak
= 214,561 m3
P = L = 2T =
= 7,5
= 3,8
Tebal dinding
= 12
cm
unit
Pompa (PU-01)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air sungai ke dalam bak pengendap awal
Jenis
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data-data dan perhitungan pompa
Satuan
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
166486,7454 166486,7454
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
183135,4199 183135,4199
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
183,1354
183,1354
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
50,8709
50,8709
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
6,6494
6,6494
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
7,981
7,981
V pipa,
1,577
1,577
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
319675,3606 319675,3606
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
10
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,12674878
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,005263887
0,005263887
15
300
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
2 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 200
ft)
24,144
376,2
0,079543541
1,2394
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
1,319
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
11,4457
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
11,4457
Total Head =
11,4457 m
37,5515 ft
Q = 183,1354 m3/jam
= 806,4087 gpm
=
1,7965 ft3/s
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
7,6572 hp = 5,7079 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
20.
Pompa (PU-02)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari bak pengendap awal ke bak penggumpal
Jenis
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data-data dan perhitungan pompa
Satuan
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
166486,7454 166486,7454
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
183135,4199 183135,4199
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
183,1354
183,1354
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
50,8709
50,8709
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
6,6494
6,6494
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
7,981
7,981
V pipa,
1,5770
1,5770
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
319675,3606 319675,3606
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,1267
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,005263887
0,005263887
10
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
2 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 200
ft)
19,144
106,2
0,063070807
0,349880884
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,4130
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
0,5397
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
0,5397
Total Head =
0,5397
1,7707
ft
Q=
=
=
3
183,1354 m /jam
806,4087 gpm
1,7965
ft3/s
P =
(-Ws).Q.
g gc
0,361 hp =550
0,27 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
21.
Pompa (PU-03)
Fungsi : Mengalirkan air dari bak penggumpal ke clarifier
Jenis
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data-data dan perhitungan pompa
Satuan
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
166555,8994 166555,8994
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
183211,4893 183211,4893
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
183,2115
183,2115
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
50,9151
50,9151
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
6,6524
6,6524
carbon steel
Carbon steel
korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
7,981
7,981
V pipa,
1,5776
1,5776
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
319808,1449 319808,1449
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,1269
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,005263537
0,005263537
10
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
2 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 200
ft)
19.144
106.2
0,063119019
0,35014834
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,4133
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
7,5401
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
7,5401
Total Head =
7,5401
24,7379
ft
Q=
=
=
P =
3
183,2115 m /jam
806,7437 gpm
1,7973
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
5,046 hp = 3,76 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
22.
Pompa (PU-04)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
166555,8994 166555,8994
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
183211,4893 183211,4893
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
183,2115
183,2115
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
50,8921
50,8921
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
6,6508
6,6508
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
7,981
7,981
V pipa,
1,5776
1,5776
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
319808,1449 319808,1449
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,1269
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,005263537
0,005263537
10
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
2 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 200
ft)
19,144
106,2
0,063119019
0,35014834
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,4133
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
0,5401
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
0,5401
Total Head =
0,5401
1,7720
ft
Q = 183,2115 m3/jam
= 806,7437 gpm
=
1,7973
ft3/s
(-Ws).Q.
g
0,365 Hp = 0,27 kW gc
P =
550
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
23.
Pompa (PU-05)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
Atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
166555,8994 166555,8994
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
183211,4893 183211,4893
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
183,2115
183,2115
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
50,8921
50,8921
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
6,6508
6,6508
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
7,981
7,981
V pipa,
1,5776
1,5776
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
319808,1449 319808,1449
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,1269
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,005263537
0,005263537
10
60
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
4 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
1 (@ Le = 40
ft)
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
2 (@ Le = 200
ft)
19,144
224,592
0,063119019
0,7404945
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,8036
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
5,9305
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
5,9305
Total Head =
5,9305
19,4569
ft
Q = 183,2115 m3/jam
= 806,7437 gpm
=
P =
1,7973
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
3,97 hp = 3,48 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
Pompa (PU-06)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
5960,0147
5960,0147
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
6556,0162
6556,0162
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
6,5560
6,5560
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
1,8211
1,8211
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
1,1770
1,1770
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
1,5
1,5
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
1,61
1,61
V pipa,
1,3872
1,3872
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
56729,4098
56729,4098
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,098
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006941457
0,006941457
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 40
ft)
6,8288
45,24
0,113809036
0,753971527
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,8678
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
3,9659
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
3,9659
Total Head =
3,9659 m
= 13,0114 ft
3
6,5560 m /jam
Q=
= 28,8684 gpm
3
0,0643 ft /s
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,095 hp = 0,0,708 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
25.
Pompa (PU-07)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
5960,0147
5960,0147
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
6556,0162
6556,0162
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
6,5560
6,5560
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
1,8211
1,8211
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
1,1770
1,1770
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
1,5
1,5
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
1,61
1,61
V pipa,
1,3872
1,3872
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
56729,4098
56729,4098
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,0981
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006941457
0,006941457
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 40
ft)
6,8288
45,24
0,113809036
0,753971527
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,8678
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
3,9659
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
3,9659
Total Head =
3,9659 m
= 13,0114 ft
Q=
3
6,5560 m /jam
= 28,8684 gpm
=
P =
(-Ws).Q.
3
0,0643 ft /s
g gc
0,095 hp =550
0,0708 kW
4Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
26.
Pompa (PU-08)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
5960,0147
5960,0147
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
6556,0162
6556,0162
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
6,5560
6,5560
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
1,8211
1,8211
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
1,1770
1,1770
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
1.5
1.5
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
1,61
1,61
V pipa,
1,3872
1,3872
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
56729,4098
56729,4098
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,0981
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006941457
0,006941457
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 40
ft)
6.8288
45,24
0,113809036
0,753971527
L + Le,
Fs
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,8678
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
2,9659
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
2,9659
Total Head =
2,9659 m
9,7305 ft
Q=
3
6,5560 m /jam
= 28,8684 gpm
=
3
0,0643 ft /s
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,071 hp = 0,0529 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
27.
Pompa (PU-09)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
5960,0147
5960,0147
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
6556,0162
6556,0162
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
6,5560
6,5560
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
1,8211
1,8211
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
1,1770
1,1770
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
1,5
1,5
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
1,61
1,61
V pipa,
1,3872
1,3872
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
56729,4098
56729,4098
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,098
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
0,006941457
0,006941457
75
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 40
ft)
6,8288
90,24
0,113809036
1,503943206
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
1,6178
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
4,7158
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
4,7158
Total Head =
4,7158
= 15,4719 ft
Q=
6,5560
m3/jam
= 28,8684 gpm
=
P =
0,0643
ft3/s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,113 hp = 0,0842 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
29.
Pompa (PU-10)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
95
95
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
5,75
5,75
data
kg/jam
59600,1469
59600,1469
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
71520,1762
71520,1762
Rho (),
kg/m3
1020
1020
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
70,1178
70,1178
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
19,8667
19,8667
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
4,0482
4,0482
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
4,026
4,026
V pipa,
2,3727
2,3727
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
247485,0283 247485,0283
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
0,25
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,2869
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,0055
0,0055
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 40
ft)
6,8288
45,24
0,105185419
0,696841079
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,8020
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
1,3390
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
1,3390
Total Head =
1,3390 m
4,3929 ft
3
70,1178 m /jam
Q=
= 308,7531 gpm
3
0,6879 ft /s
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,3498 hp = 0,2608 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
29.
Pompa (PU-11)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
10000
10000
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
12000
12000
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
12
12
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
3,3333
3,3333
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
1,6118
1,6118
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
1,5
1,5
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
1,61
1,61
V pipa,
2,5392
2,5392
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
103836,3697 103836,3697
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,3286
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,0063
0,0063
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
40
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
2 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 1 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 40
ft)
6,8288
55,24
0,346140652
2,800024841
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
3,1462
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
8,4748
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
8,4748
Total Head =
8,4748 m
= 27,8044 ft
3
12 m /jam
Q=
= 52,8402 gpm
3
0,1177 ft /s
=
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,3715 hp = 0,2769 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
30.
Pompa (PU-12)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
1350990,5760 1350990,5760
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
1486089,634
1486089,634
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
1486,0896
1486,0896
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
412,8027
412,8027
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
19,7516
19,7516
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
20
20
40
40
in
Sch. N
data
Di,
in
19,25
19,25
V pipa,
2,1996
2,1996
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
Re = VDi
1075495,0026 1075495,0026
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,2466
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0.004335135
0.004335135
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
2 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 200
ft)
14.144
106.2
0,030955817
0,232431259
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,263
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
4,510
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
4,510
Total Head =
4,5100 m
14,7965 ft
Q = 1486,0896 m3/jam
= 6543,7677 gpm
3
14,5784 ft /s
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
24,48 hp = 18,25 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
31.
Pompa (PU-13)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
data (ditambah
hidrostatis)
Tinggi (Z),
data
Flow rate
(Fv),
kg/jam
1501100,64
1501100,64
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
1651210,704
1651210,704
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
1651,2107
1651,2107
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
458,6696
458,6696
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
20,8639
20,8639
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
20
20
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
19,25
19,25
V pipa,
2,4440
2,4440
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
1194994,4474
1194994,4474
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,3044
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0.004262667
0.004262667
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
1000
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
20 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
4 (@ Le = 200
ft)
14.144
1396.24
0.037578207
3.709572616
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
3,7472
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
7,0516
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
7,0516
Total Head =
7,0516 m
23,1351 ft
Q = 1651,2107 m3/jam
= 7270,8529 gpm
3
16,1982 ft /s
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
42,5346 hp = 31,7067 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
31.
Pompa (PU-14)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
40
40
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
1501100.6400 1501100.6400
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
1651210.7040 1651210.7040
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
0,9
0,9
data
Q,
m3/j
1651,2107
1651,2107
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
458,6696
458,6696
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
20,8639
20,8639
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
20
20
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
19,25
19,25
V pipa,
2,4440
2,4440
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
Re = VDi
1327771,6082 1327771,6082
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,3
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0.004191411
0.004191411
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
1000
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
20 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 200
ft)
14,144
1213,36
0,036950035
3,169803032
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
3,2068
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
6,5112
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
6,5112
Total Head =
6,5112 m
21,3622 ft
Q = 1651,2107 m3/jam
= 7270,8529 gpm
3
16,1982 ft /s
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
39,275 hp = 29,277 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
33.
Pompa (PU-15)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
40
40
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
1501100.6400 1501100.6400
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
1651210.7040 1651210.7040
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
0,9
0,9
data
Q,
m3/j
1651,2107
1651,2107
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
458,6696
458,6696
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
20,8639
20,8639
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
20
20
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
19,25
19,25
V pipa,
2,4440
2,4440
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
Re = VDi
1327771,6082 1327771,6082
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,3
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,004191411
0,004191411
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
30
Data
Elbow
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
2 (@ Le = 25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 5 ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 200
ft)
14.144
106.2
0,036950035
0,27743875
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,3144
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
4,6188
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
4,6188
Total Head =
4,6188
15,1536
ft
Q = 1651,2107
P =
m3/jam
= 7270,8529
gpm
ft3/s
16,1982
(-Ws).Q.
g gc
27,86 hp =550
20,7681 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
34.
Fungsi
Pompa (PU-16)
: Memompa air ke menara distribusi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
5,5
5,5
data
kg/jam
10000
10000
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
11000
11000
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
11
11
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
3,0556
3,0556
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
1,5405
1,5405
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
1,25
1,25
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
1,38
1,38
V pipa,
3,1681
3,1681
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
111047,2287 111047,2287
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
0,5
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,5155
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0,006234172
0.006234172
150
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 2.25
ft)
2 (@ Le = 2.25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 0.5
ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
3,524
158,9916
0,320948702
14,48017812
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
14,8011
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
15,8127
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
15,8127
Q=
= 48,4368 gpm
3
0,1079 ft /s
P =
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,6354 hp = 0,474 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
35.
Pompa (PU-17)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
1,5
1,5
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
416,6667
416,6667
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
458,3334
458,3334
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
data
Q,
m3/j
0,4583
0,4583
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
0,1273
0,1273
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
0,2951
0,2951
carbon steel
Carbon steel
Non korosif
0,25
0,25
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
0,364
0,364
V pipa,
1,8973
1,8973
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
17541,8026
17541,8026
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,1516
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0.008375449
0.008504151
200
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 2.25
ft)
2 (@ Le = 2.25
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 0.5
ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 25
ft)
3,524
208,9916
0,586315107
29,17840008
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
29,7647
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
32,9163
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
32,9163
Total Head =
32,9163 m
= 107,9931 ft
3
0,4583 m /jam
Q=
P =
2,0182 gpm
3
0,0045 ft /s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,05 hp = 0,04 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
36.
Pompa (PU-18)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
57,87
57,87
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
69,4428
69,4428
Rho (),
kg/m3
1003,256
1003,256
data
viskositas,
cP
0,8
0,8
data
Q,
m3/j
0,0692
0,0692
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
0,0193
0,0193
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
0,1792
0,1792
carbon steel
Carbon steel
korosif
1/8
1/8
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
0,269
0,269
V pipa,
0,5247
0,5247
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
4495,5112
4495,5112
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,014
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0.010413946
0.010413946
15
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 1.2
ft)
2 (@ Le = 1.2
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 0.3
ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 15
ft)
2,82296
20,30352
0,06042555
0,434597498
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,4950
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
3,5091
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
3,5091
Total Head =
3,5091 m
= 11,5126 ft
3
0,0692 m /jam
Q=
P =
0,3048 gpm
3
0,0007 ft /s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,0009 hp = 0,00066 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
38.
Pompa (PU-19)
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Titik (1)
Titik (2)
Keterangan
Suhu (T),
30
30
data
Tekanan (P),
atm
Tinggi (Z),
data
kg/jam
11,29
11,29
data
(Fv)design,
kg/jam
13,542
13,542
Rho (),
kg/m3
1000
1000
data
viskositas,
cP
0,8
0,8
data
Q,
m3/j
0,013542
0,013542
Q = Fv / densitas
G,
kg/s
0,0038
0,0038
G = Fv / 3600
Dopt hit.,
In
0,0473
0,0473
carbon steel
Carbon steel
korosif
1/8
1/8
40
40
in
Sch. N
Di,
in
0,269
0,269
V pipa,
0,1026
0,1026
V = Q ( 4 (Di)2)
Re pipa
m/s
876,6670
876,6670
Re = VDi
Perhitungan Head
Pressure head :
DP = (P2 - P1) / r / g
Static Head :
DH = z2 - z1
Velocity head :
0,0005
Friction head :
Suction
Discharge
0.013527154
0.013527154
15
Turb. :
= 0.04Re-0.16
Data
Elbow
2 (@ Le = 1.2
ft)
2 (@ Le = 1.2
ft)
Standard Tee
Gate valve
fully open
1 (@ Le = 0.3
ft)
Globe valve
1 (@ Le = 15
ft)
2,82296
20,30352
0,003004322
0,021607923
L + Le,
Fs
= (L+Le)V2/(2gD)
Fs total,
0,0246
Fs tot.=Fs suction+Fs
discharge
Total Head :
3,0251
Tot Head =
DP+DH+DV+Fs
(-Ws),
3,0251
Total Head =
3,0251 m
9,9250 ft
Q = 0,013542 m3/jam
P =
0,0596 gpm
3
0,0001 ft /s
g gc
(-Ws).Q.
550
0,00015 hp = 0,00011 kW
Efisiensi pompa
Efisiensi motor
LAMPIRAN E
PERHITUNGAN ASPEK EKONOMI
Dalam rencana pra rancangan pabrik Dimetil Tereftalat digunakan asumsi
sebagai berikut:
1. Pabrik beroperasi selama 330 hari dalam setahun.
2. Kapasitas maksimum adalah 60.000 ton/tahun.
3. Perhitungan didasarkan pada harga peralatan tiba di pabrik atau purchasedequipment delivered (Peters et.al., 2004).
4. Harga alat disesuaikan dengan nilai tukar dolar terhadap rupiah adalah :
US$ 1 = Rp 9175,- (Analisa, 19 April 2012).
1.
1.1
1.1.1
17765
m2
220000
/ m2
Rp
3.908.300.000
Biaya perataan tanah diperkirakan 5 dari harga tanah seluruhnya (Peters et.al.,
2004).
Biaya perataan tanah
Rp
195.415.000
Rp
4.103.715.000
1.1.2
Harga Bangunan
Pos keamanan
Parkir
200
60.000
12.000.000
Taman
600
70.000
42.000.000
1200
1.600.000
1.920.000.000
Ruang kontrol
100
1.600.000
160.000.000
Areal Proses
3000
2.500.000
7.500.000.000
Areal Produk
Perkantoran
400
2.000.000
800.000.000
Laboratorium
150
2.000.000
300.000.000
10
Poliklinik
50
1.600.000
80.000.000
11
Kantin
100
1.600.000
160.000.000
12
Ruang Ibadah
50
1.600.000
80.000.000
13
Gudang Peralatan
100
1.600.000
160.000.000
14
Bengkel
50
1.600.000
80.000.000
15
Gudang Bahan
200
1.600.000
320.000.000
16
100
2.000.000
200.000.000
17
1200
2.000.000
2.400.000.000
18
300
2.000.000
600.000.000
19
Pembangkit Uap
300
2.000.000
600.000.000
20
Pembangkit Listrik
300
2.000.000
600.000.000
21
Pengolahan Limbah
1500
2.000.000
3.000.000.000
22
Area Perluasan
1100
50.000
55.000.000
23
Perumahan Karyawan
4000
1.600.000
6.400.000.000
24
Jalan
800
60.000
48.000.000
25
1315
50.000
65.750.000
Total
14465
26.157.750.000
1.1.3
X I
Cx = Cy 2 x
X1 I y
m
dimana: Cx
Cy
X1
X2
Ix
Iy
Untuk menentukan indeks harga pada tahun 2011 digunakan metode regresi koefisien
korelasi:
n X i Yi X i Yi
(n X i 2 (X i )2 ) (n Yi 2 (Yi )2 )
r=
(Montgomery, 1992)
Xi2
Xi.Yi
Yi2
No
Tahun (Xi)
2002
1104,2
2210608,4
4008004
1219257,64
2003
1123,6
2250570,8
4012009
1262476,96
2004
1178,5
2361714
4016016
1388862,25
2005
1244,5
2495222,5
4020025
1548780,25
2006
1302,3
2612413,8
4024036
1695985,29
2007
1373,3
2756213,1
4028049
1885952,89
2008
1449,3
2910194,4
4032064
2100470,49
2009
1468,6
2950417,4
4036081
2156785,96
16044
10244,3
20547354,4
32176284 13258571,73
n=8
Dengan memasukkan harga harga pada Tabel LE-2, maka diperoleh harga koefisien
korelasi :
(8) . (20547354,4)
r =
(16044)( 10244,3)
= variabel tahun ke n
b=
(n X i Yi ) (X i Yi )
(n X i 2 ) (X i )2
(Montgomery, 1992)
Maka:
b =
(8)(20547354,4) (16044)(10244,3)
= 57,3988
(8)(32176284) (16044) 2
a =
(14184)(32176284) (16044)(28307996)
= 113832,775
(8)(32176284) (16044) 2
2004. Untuk alat yang tidak tersedia, faktor eksponensialnya dianggap 0,6 (Peters
et.al., 2004).
10
102
103
Capacity, gal
104
105
105
10
Carbon steel
310 kPa (30 psig) Carbon-steel tank (spherical)
103
10-1
P-82
Jan,2002
10
10
103
Capacity, m
Gambar LE.1 Harga Peralatan untuk Tangki Penyimpanan (Storage) dan Tangki
Pelarutan (Peters et.al., 2004)
Indeks harga tahun 2012 (Ix) adalah 1.274,099. Maka estimasi harga tangki untuk
(X2) 529,644 m3 adalah :
1450,4534
Cx = US$ 6667
1
0 , 49
1653,63
1103
Untuk harga alat impor sampai di lokasi pabrik ditambahkan biaya sebagai berikut :
-
Biaya transportasi
= 5
Biaya asuransi
= 1
Bea masuk
= 15
(Rusjdi, 2004)
PPn
= 10
(Rusjdi, 2004)
PPh
= 10
(Rusjdi, 2004)
= 0,5
= 0,5
Transportasi lokal
= 0,5
= 0,5
Total
= 43
Untuk harga alat non impor sampai di lokasi pabrik ditambahkan biaya sebagai
berikut :
-
PPn
= 10
(Rusjdi, 2004)
PPh
= 10
(Rusjdi, 2004)
Transportasi lokal
= 0,5
= 0,5
Total
= 21
Alat
Unit
harga
(Rp)/ Unit
Harga Total
1 3.247.402.705
3.247.402.705
Bin (B-01)
2 1.325.193.045
2.650.386.089
Bin (B-02)
3 1.273.713.712
3.821.141.135
Bin (B-03)
604.705.346
604.705.346
Bin (B-04)
184.449.840
184.449.840
Cyclones ( CN-01 )
172.346.922
689.387.688
Cyclones ( CN-02 )
166.822.982
166.822.982
Cyclones ( CN-03 )
171.242.134
342.484.268
Vaporizer (VP-01)
380.047.058
380.047.058
10
81.973.445
81.973.445
11
356.179.242
356.179.242
12
233.637.442
233.637.442
13
412.594.570
412.594.570
14
242.485.397
242.485.397
15
HE-01
576.699.316
576.699.316
16
HE-02
350.217.784
350.217.784
17 HE-03
1
620.890.834
Tabel LE.3 Estimasi Harga Peralatan Proses (Lanjutan)
620.890.834
No.
harga
(Rp)/ Unit
Alat
Unit
Harga Total
18
Furnace ( FU-01 )
903.385.115
903.385.115
19
Sublimator ( SB-01)
837.944.465
837.944.465
20
Reaktor ( R-01 )
728.238.043
728.238.043
21
Desublimator ( DE-01 )
224.271.956
224.271.956
22
427.552.941
855.105.882
23
Condenser (CD-02)
418.714.637
418.714.637
24
Condenser (CD-03)
425.343.365
850.686.730
25
Crystalyzer ( CR-01 )
2 1.126.883.720
2.253.767.440
26
123.736.252
123.736.252
27
Blower ( BL-01 )
419.819.425
419.819.425
28
Fan ( F-01)
312.654.993
312.654.993
29
Fan ( F-02)
27.619.699
27.619.699
30
Fan ( F-03)
45.296.306
90.592.613
31
821.188.891
821.188.891
32
1 2.623.500.842
2.623.500.842
33
Reboiler (RB-01)
975.527.769
1.951.055.539
34
290.559.234
290.559.234
35
202.176.197
202.176.197
36
202.176.197
202.176.197
37
269.347.305
269.347.305
38
269.347.305
269.347.305
39
72.916.005
72.916.005
40
269.347.305
269.347.305
Subtotal Impor
29.979.657.211
41
Pompa (P-01)
31.697.187
31.697.187
42
Pompa (P-02)
34.853.830
34.853.830
43
Pompa (P-03)
67.767.385
67.767.385
44
Pompa (P-04)
43.811.731
43.811.731
45
Pompa (P-05)
39.843.788
39.843.788
46
Pompa (P-06)
27.727.493
27.727.493
Alat
Unit
harga
(Rp)/ Unit
Harga Total
47
Pompa (P-07)
27.727.493
27.727.493
48
Pompa (P-08)
27.727.493
27.727.493
49
Pompa (P-09)
27.727.493
27.727.493
50
Pompa (P-10)
85.184.509
85.184.509
414.068.404
Rp
30.393.725.615
Alat
Tangki Penggumpal
Kode
BU-02
Unit
1
Harga/Unit
557.222.536
Harga Total
557.222.536
TU-01
64.252.300
64.252.300
22.155.966
22.155.966
Clarifier
CU-01
238.582.169
238.582.169
Saringan Pasir
TU-04
52.122.620
52.122.620
TU-05
546.456.522
546.456.522
Tangki Demineralisasi
TU-06
98.732.864
98.732.864
TU-07
16.616.974
16.616.974
Deaerator
TU-08
522.012.099
522.012.099
10
Cold Basin
TU-09
706.775.304
706.775.304
11
Hot Basin
TU-10
706.775.304
706.775.304
12
Tangki Klorinasi
BU-03
774.350.999
774.350.999
13
Tangki Kaporit
TU-11
8.862.386
8.862.386
14
Cooling Tower
CTU-01 1
1.446.957.600
1.446.957.600
15
BFW Tank
TU-12
558.330.334
558.330.334
16
Tangki NaOH
TU-13
76.438.081
76.438.081
17
Boiler - 01
BO-01
1.037.563.871
1.037.563.871
18
TU-14
680.188.145
680.188.145
19
PU-20
50.220.644
50.220.644
20
Air Plants
AP-01
132.935.794
132.935.794
21
Electric Plants
D-01
1.107.798.282
1.107.798.282
Tabel LE.4 Estimasi Harga Peralatan Utilitas dan Pengolahan Limbah (Lanjutan)
No
22
Alat
Kompresor udara tekan
Kode
K-01
Unit
1
Harga/Unit
22.155.966
Harga Total
22.155.966
23
Unit Refrigerasi
RF-01
132.935.794
132.935.794
24
Menara Ekstraksi
891.218.204
891.218.204
24
A. Sludge
487.823.406
487.823.406
10.668.240.838
Subtotal Impor
25
Bak Pengendap
26
BU-01
10.000.000
Tangki Penampung
10.000.000
10.000.000
27
Tangki Aerasi
60.000.000
60.000.000
28
Tangki Sedimentasi
165.517.843
165.517.843
29
Pompa Utilitas - 01
PU-01
85.416.619
85.416.619
30
Pompa Utilitas - 02
PU-02
31.783.556
31.783.556
31
Pompa Utilitas - 03
PU-03
74.719.209
74.719.209
32
Pompa Utilitas - 04
PU-04
31.783.556
31.783.556
33
Pompa Utilitas - 05
PU-05
67.952.037
67.952.037
34
Pompa Utilitas - 06
PU-06
27.803.045
27.803.045
35
Pompa Utilitas - 07
PU-07
27.803.045
27.803.045
36
Pompa Utilitas - 08
PU-08
27.803.045
27.803.045
37
Pompa Utilitas - 09
PU-09
27.803.045
27.803.045
38
Pompa Utilitas - 10
PU-10
31.783.556
31.783.556
39
Pompa Utilitas - 11
PU-11
31.783.556
31.783.556
40
Pompa Utilitas - 12
PU-12
118.062.523
118.062.523
41
Pompa Utilitas - 13
PU-13
134.965.316
134.965.316
42
Pompa Utilitas - 14
PU-14
134.965.316
134.965.316
43
Pompa Utilitas - 15
PU-15
127.084.436
127.084.436
44
Pompa Utilitas - 16
PU-16
43.931.109
43.931.109
45
Pompa Utilitas - 17
PU-17
27.803.045
27.803.045
46
Pompa Utilitas - 18
PU-18
27.803.045
27.803.045
47
Pompa Utilitas - 19
PU-19
27.803.045
27.803.045
1.118.852.104
11.787.092.942
Total harga peralatan tiba di lokasi pabrik (purchased equipment delivered) adalah :
= 1,43 (Rp 29.979.657.211 + Rp 10.668.240.838) + 1,21
(Rp 414.068.404 + Rp 1.118.852.104)
= Rp
59.981.328.024
= Rp
23.392.717.929
= Rp
83.374.045.953
1.1.4
15.595.145.286
1.1.5
18.594.211.687
= Rp
1.1.6
= Rp
5.998.132.802
1.1.7
= Rp
7.197.759.363
1.1.8
= Rp
2.999.066.401
= Rp
599.813.280
= Rp
4.890.000.000
Total MITL
= Rp
169.271.889.774
1.1.9
Unit
Jenis Kendaraan
Direktur
Tipe
Fortuner
Manajer
Innova
210.000.000
840.000.000
Bus Karyawan
Bus
300.000.000
600.000.000
Bus Karyawan
Minibus
120.000.000
120.000.000
Truk
truk
500.000.000
2.000.000.000
Mobil Pemasaran
Minibus
120.000.000
480.000.000
Truk
500.000.000
500.000.000
Sepeda Motor
Honda
12.500.000
50.000.000
4.890.000.000
= Rp
4.198.692.962
19.194.024.968
= Rp
2.399.253.121
= Rp
23.392.717.929
= Rp
22.193.091.369
Total MITTL
= Rp
71.377.780.349
Total MIT
= MITL + MITTL
= Rp 240.649.670.122
4. Modal Kerja
Modal kerja didasarkan pada perhitungan pengoperasian pabrik selama 1
bulan (30 hari).
2.1
2.1.1
Harga Harga
(kg/jam) (Rp)
/ jam (Rp)
1. AT
6.582
3.680 24.222.577
2. M
2.898
2.616
3. Katalis
4.
Pengolahan
Limbah
2.1.2
98,733 30.000
7.580.359
Harga/30hari
Harga/hari
harga/330 hari
(Rp)
(Rp)
(Rp)
60.036.446.404
174.250
125.460.000
4.182.000
1.380.060.000
2.961.990
2.132.632.800
71.087.760
23.458.960.800
1. Alum
0,5642
1.950
1.100
792.137
26.405
8.713.505
2. NaCl
2,5
690
1.725
1.242.000
41.400
13.662.000
3. Na2CO3
0,5642
2.100
1.185
853.070
28.436
9.383.774
4. Kaporit
0,05
9.000
450
324.000
10.800
3.564.000
5. Zeolit
0,25
6.440
1.610
1.159.200
38.640
12.751.200
6. NaOH
3,5
4.844
16.953
12.206.250
406.875
134.268.750
32.980.477.919
1.099.349.264
362.785.257.105
7. Solar
58.153.261.816
Total Utilitas
32.997.054.576
2.2
2.2.1
639.685.879.975
Kas
Gaji Pegawai
Jabatan
Jumlah
1
Gaji/bulan
20.000.000
Jumlah gaji/bulan
20.000.000
Dewan komisaris
10.000.000
30.000.000
Staf Ahli
12.000.000
24.000.000
Sekretaris
2.000.000
2.000.000
Manager Teknik
8.750.000
8.750.000
Manajer Produksi
8.750.000
8.750.000
8.750.000
8.750.000
6.000.000
6.000.000
3.500.000
3.500.000
3.500.000
3.500.000
3.500.000
3.500.000
4.500.000
4.500.000
4.500.000
4.500.000
Kepala Seksi QC
6.500.000
6.500.000
Kepala Seksi QA
6.500.000
6.500.000
6.500.000
6.500.000
4.000.000
4.000.000
4.000.000
4.000.000
4.000.000
4.000.000
4.000.000
4.000.000
3.000.000
3.000.000
3.000.000
3.000.000
2.500.000
2.500.000
60
1.500.000
67.500.000
Direktur
Karyawan Proses
Karyawan Laboratorium
12
1.500.000
13.500.000
Jumlah
12
Gaji/bulan
1.500.000
Jumlah gaji/bulan
13.500.000
Karyawan Instumentasi
Pabrik
1.500.000
9.000.000
Karyawan Pemeliharaan
Pabrik
1.500.000
9.000.000
Karyawan Bagian
Keuangan
1.500.000
4.500.000
Karyawan Bagian
Administrasi
1.500.000
4.500.000
Karyawan Bagian
Personalia
1.500.000
6.000.000
1.500.000
6.000.000
1.500.000
7.500.000
Karyawan Pembelian
1.500.000
7.500.000
Petugas Keamanan
10
1.200.000
12.000.000
Karyawan Gudang/
Logistik
10
1.200.000
12.000.000
Perawat
1.200.000
2.400.000
Petugas Kebersihan
1.200.000
6.000.000
Supir
1.250.000
7.500.000
185
Gaji Pegawai =
400.650.000
Jumlah Pegawai =
Rp
80.130.000
Rp
80.130.000
2.2.4
Yang menjadi objek pajak adalah perolehan hak atas tanah dan atas bangunan
(Pasal 2 ayat 1 UU No.20/00).
Dasar pengenaan pajak adalah Nilai Perolehan Objek Pajak (Pasal 6 ayat 1 UU
No.20/00).
Nilai Perolehan Objek Pajak Tidak Kena Pajak ditetapkan sebesar Rp.
30.000.000,- (Pasal 7 ayat 1 UU No.21/97).
Besarnya pajak yang terutang dihitung dengan cara mengalikkan tarif pajak
dengan Nilai Perolehan Objek Kena Pajak (Pasal 8 ayat 2 UU No.21/97).
Rp
3.908.300.000
Bangunan
Rp 25.920.000.000 +
Total NJOP
Rp 29.828.300.000
Rp
Rp 29.798.300.000
Rp
30.000.000 -
1.489.915.000
Jenis Biaya
Gaji Pegawai
Administrasi Umum
80.130.000
Pemasaran
80.130.000
Jumlah (Rp)
400.650.000
1.489.915.000
1.717.825.000
= 0,12 Rp 240.649.670.122
= Rp 28.877.960.415
PD =
IP
HPT
12
dimana :
PD
= piutang dagang
dimana :
IP
dimana :
Penjualan :
1. Harga jual DMT = US$ 1,8/kg
1
Rp 991.296.742.091
12
Jenis Biaya
Bahan Baku Proses dan Utilitas
Biaya Kas
Biaya Start Up
Piutang Dagang
Total Modal Kerja
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Rp
Jumlah (Rp)
58.153.261.816
2.050.825.000
28.877.960.415
82.608.061.841
171.690.109.072
240.649.670.122
Modal Kerja
Rp
171.690.109.072
Rp
412.339.779.194
Rp
247.403.867.516
Rp
164.935.911.677
3.
3.1
3.1.1
Gaji tetap karyawan terdiri dari gaji tetap tiap bulan ditambah 2 bulan gaji yang
diberikan sebagai tunjangan, sehingga
Gaji total = (12 + 2) Rp 400.650.000 = Rp 5.609.100.000
3.1.2 Bunga Pinjaman Bank
Bunga pinjaman bank adalah 13,5% dari total pinjaman (Bank Mandiri, 2012).
= 0,135 Rp 164.935.911.677
= Rp 22.266.348.076
3.1.3
manfaat lebih dari 1 (satu) tahun harus dibebankan sebagai biaya untuk
mendapatkan, menagih, dan memelihara penghasilan melalui penyusutan (Rusdji,
2004). Pada perancangan pabrik ini, dipakai metode garis lurus atau straight line
method. Dasar penyusutan menggunakan masa manfaat dan tarif penyusutan sesuai
dengan Undang-undang Republik Indonesia No.17 Tahun 2000 Pasal 11 ayat 6 dapat
dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini.
Tabel LE.9 Aturan depresiasi sesuai UU Republik Indonesia No. 17 Tahun 2000
Kelompok
Harta Berwujud
Masa
(tahu
n)
Tarif
(%)
I. Bukan Bangunan
1.Kelompok 1
25
2. Kelompok 2
12,5
3. Kelompok 3
16
6,25
20
II. Bangunan
Permanen
D=
PL
n
dimana : D
dimana : P
di L
Biaya (Rp)
Umur
25.920.000.000
20
Depresiasi (Rp)
1.296.000.000
83.374.045.953
16
5.210.877.872
15.595.145.286
3.898.786.322
Perpipaan
18.594.211.687
4.648.552.922
Instalasi listrik
5.998.132.802
1.499.533.201
Insulasi
7.197.759.363
1.799.439.841
Inventaris kantor
2.999.066.401
749.766.600
599.813.280
149.953.320
4.890.000.000
611.250.000
19.864.160.077
Total
= 0,25 Rp 71.377.780.349
= Rp 17.844.445.087
3.1.4
Harga
Rp 83.374.045.953 10% Rp
8.337.404.595
Bangunan
Rp 25.920.000.000 10% Rp
2.592.000.000
Kendaraan
Rp
4.890.000.000 10% Rp
489.000.000
Rp 15.595.145.286 10% Rp
1.559.514.529
Perpipaan
Rp 18.594.211.687 10% Rp
1.859.421.169
Instalasi listrik
Rp
5.998.132.802 10% Rp
599.813.280
Insulasi
Rp
7.197.759.363 10% Rp
719.775.936
Inventaris kantor
Rp
2.999.066.401 10% Rp
299.906.640
Perlengkapan kebakaran
Rp
599.813.280 10% Rp
59.981.328
Biaya
Rp 16.516.817.477
Rp
48.129.934.024
Rp
961.560.000
Rp
961.560.000
Rp
480.780.000
Rp
2.406.496.701
Rp
2.406.496.701
3.1.8
3.1.9
3.1.10 Asuransi
Rp
524.742.858
-Karyawan (351.000/orang)
Rp
64.935.000
Rp
589.677.858
Rp
144.451.913.715
3.2
3.1.1
Biaya Variabel
Bahan Baku Proses dan Utilitas
Rp
639.685.879.975
Rp
63.968.587.998
Rp
6.396.858.800
Rp
3.198.429.400
Rp
713.249.756.173
Rp
852.777.047.176
(M)
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
4.
dan
Penanganan
Lingkungan (1%M)
Variabel Lain (5%M)
4.1
Rp
991.296.742.091
Rp
852.777.047.176
Rp
138.519.694.915
Rp
-692.598.475
Rp
137.827.096.441
Pajak Penghasilan
Berdasarkan UURI Nomor 36 Tahun 2008, Tentang Perubahan Keempat
atas Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1983 Tentang Pajak Penghasilan,
maka pajak penghasilan yang harus dibayar adalah 30% dari keuntungan:
4.3
Rp
34.456.774.110
Rp
103.370.322.330
5.
5.1
PM =
Rp 137.827.096.441
100 %
Rp 991.296.742.091
PM = 13,9 %
5.2
Biaya Tetap
100
Total Penjualan Biaya Variabel
BEP =
Rp 139.527.291.003
100
Rp 991.296.742.091 Rp 713.249.756.173
BEP = 50,18 %
= 50,18 % Rp 991.296.742.091
= Rp 497.444.518.405
5.3
ROI =
Rp 103.370.322.330
100
Rp 421.339.779.194
ROI = 25,07 %
5.4
1
1 tahun
0,2507
5.5
RON =
Rp 103.370.322.330
100
Rp 247.403.867.516
RON = 41,78 %
5.6
pengeluaran dari tahun ke tahun yang disebut Cash Flow. ntuk memperoleh cash
flow diambil ketentuan sebagai berikut :
-
Laba Sebelum
Pajak (Rp)
Pajak
(Rp)
Laba Sesudah
Pajak (Rp)
Depresiasi
(Rp)
-412.339.779.194
1,0000
-412.339.779.194
1,0000
-412.339.779.194
137.827.096.441
41.348.128.932
96.478.967.508
37.708.605.164
134.187.572.673
0,7519
90.803.620.606
0,7463
90.125.981.646
151.609.806.085
45.482.941.825 106.126.864.259
37.708.605.164
143.835.469.424
0,5653
73.182.159.806
0,5569
72.093.964.403
166.770.786.693
50.031.236.008 116.739.550.685
37.708.605.164
154.448.155.850
0,4251
59.084.057.704
0,4156
57.771.127.210
183.447.865.362
55.034.359.609 128.413.505.754
37.708.605.164
166.122.110.918
0,3196
47.781.896.874
0,3102
46.371.458.636
201.792.651.899
60.537.795.570 141.254.856.329
37.708.605.164
178.963.461.493
0,2403
38.703.360.560
0,2315
37.280.599.616
221.971.917.089
66.591.575.127 155.380.341.962
37.708.605.164
193.088.947.126
0,1807
31.397.139.173
0,1727
30.017.265.994
244.169.108.797
73.250.732.639 170.918.376.158
37.708.605.164
208.626.981.323
0,1358
25.506.536.884
0,1289
24.203.568.128
268.586.019.677
80.575.805.903 188.010.213.774
37.708.605.164
225.718.818.938
0,1021
20.748.999.054
0,0962
19.542.129.716
295.444.621.645
88.633.386.493 206.811.235.151
37.708.605.164
244.519.840.316
0,0768
16.900.200.003
0,0718
15.798.411.718
10
324.989.083.809
97.496.725.143 227.492.358.667
37.708.605.164
265.200.963.831
0,0577
13.781.649.414
0,0536
12.787.028.228
5.549.840.884
-6.348.243.900
1.200
biaya tetap
1.000
biaya variabel
biaya produksi
800
penjualan
600
BEP = 50,09%
400
36,08
200
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Gambar E.2 Grafik Break Even Point (BEP) Pabrik Dimetil Tereftalat dari Asam Tereftalat dan Metanol