ANTIANGINA
Dr. M. Yulis Hamidy, M.Kes, M.Pd.Ked
Department of Pharmacology
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF
ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Angina pectoris, the primary symptom of ischemic
heart disease, is caused by transient episodes of
myocardial ischemia that are due to an imbalance in
the myocardial oxygen supplydemand relationship.
This imbalance may be caused by an increase in
myocardial oxygen demand (which is determined by
heart rate, ventricular contractility, and ventricular
wall tension) or by a decrease in myocardial oxygen
supply (primarily determined by coronary blood flow
but occasionally modified by the oxygen-carrying
capacity of the blood) or sometimes by both.
Faculty of Medicine University of Riau
Department of Pharmacology
ANGINAL SYMPTOMS
Typical angina is experienced as a heavy, pressing
substernal discomfort (rarely called "pain"), often
radiating to the left shoulder, flexor aspect of the left
arm, jaw, or epigastrium.
Women, the elderly, and diabetics are more likely to
have ischemia with atypical symptoms.
In most patients with typical angina, whose
symptoms are provoked by exertion, the symptoms
are relieved by rest or by administration of sublingual
nitroglycerin.
Faculty of Medicine University of Riau
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Pharmacology
NITRAT ORGANIK
Department of Pharmacology
KIMIA
NITRAT ORGANIK: ESTER ALKOHOL
POLIVALEN DENGAN ASAM NITRAT
NITRIT ORGANIK: ESTER ASAM
NITRAT & NITRIT
MUDAH LARUT DALAM LEMAK,
SEDANGKAN METABOLITNYA
LARUT DALAM AIR
Faculty of Medicine University of Riau
Department of Pharmacology
MEKANISME KERJA
Membentuk radikal bebas NO
guanilat siklase kadar siklik GMP otot
polos defosforilasi miosin
relaksasi otot polos
Department of Pharmacology
FARMAKODINAMIK
EFEK KARDIOVASKULER
DOSIS RENDAH
Department of Pharmacology
FARMAKOKINETIK
NITROGLISERIN SUBLINGUAL
KADAR PUNCAK 4 MENIT
WAKTU PARUH 1-3 MENIT
ISOSORBID DINITRAT SUBLINGUAL
KADAR MAKSIMUM DALAM 6 MENIT
WAKTU PARUH 45 MENIT
PADA PEMBERIAN ORAL METABOLISME DI
HATI
EKSKRESI MELALUI GINJAL
Department of Pharmacology
SEDIAAN
SERANGAN AKUT SUBLINGUAL
MULA KERJA 1-2 MENIT
EFEK HILANG SETELAH 1 JAM
PENCEGAHAN ORAL
MULA KERJA LEMBAT
KADAR PUNCAK 60-90 MENIT
LAMA KERJA 3-6 JAM
Department of Pharmacology
SEDIAAN
SALEP
PROFILAKSIS
ABSORPSI MELALUI KULIT
EFEK TIMBUL DALAM 60 MENIT
BERAKHIR 4-8 JAM
DISC
EFEK TIMBUL DALAM 60 MENIT
BERAKHIR 4-8 JAM
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Pharmacology
EFEK SAMPING
MERUPAKAN EFEK SEKUNDER SISTEM
KARDIOVASKULER
DAPAT TIMBUL TOLERANSI TERHADAP
EFEK TERAPI & EFEK SAMPING
DAPAT TIMBUL KETERGANTUNGAN
EDEMA PERIFER
DERMATITIS KONTAK (PEMBERIAN
TOPIKAL)
Faculty of Medicine University of Riau
Department of Pharmacology
PEMBERIAN HATI-HATI
1. PENINGKATAN TEKANAN INTRA
KRANIAL
2. HIPOTENSI BERAT
3. HIPOVOLEMIA YANG BELUM DIATASI
4. KARDIOMIOPATI HIPERTROFIK
5. STENOSIS AORTA
6. TAKIARITMIA
Department of Pharmacology
KONTRA INDIKASI
PENDERITA YANG HIPERSENSITIF
Department of Pharmacology
INDIKASI
1. ANGINA PEKTORIS
2. GAGAL JANTUNG KONGESTIF
3. INFARK JANTUNG
Department of Pharmacology
BETA BLOKER
Department of Pharmacology
MEKANISME KERJA
MENGURANGI KEBUTUHAN 02 MIOKARD
DENGAN MENURUNKAN FREKUENSI JANTUNG,
KONTRAKTILITAS MIOKARD & TEKANAN DARAH
DENGAN MENGHAMBAT ADRENOSEPTOR DI
JANTUNG SEWAKTU KERJA FISIK
2. MENINGKATKAN SUPLAI OKSIGEN MIOKARD
DENGAN MENURUNKAN TEGANGAN DINDING
VENTRIKEL SELAMA SISTOLE &
MEMPERLAMBAT DENYUT JANTUNG HINGGA
PERFUSI SUBENDOKARD MENINGKAT
1.
Department of Pharmacology
EFEK SAMPING
KELANJUTAN EFEK FARMAKODINAMIK
BRADIKARDI
BLOK AV
GAGAL JANTUNG
BRONKOSPASME
SALURAN CERNA
EFEK SENTRAL
REAKSI ALERGI
Faculty of Medicine University of Riau
Department of Pharmacology
KONTRA INDIKASI
Department of Pharmacology
HATI-HATI PADA
1. DM YANG STABIL
2. PENYAKIT VASKULER RINGAN
3. GAGAL JANTUNG RINGAN
4. GANGGUAN KONDUKSI JANTUNG
Department of Pharmacology
ANTAGONIS KALSIUM
Department of Pharmacology
MEKANISME KERJA
- MENGHAMBAT MASUKNYA ION Ca2+
MELEWATI SLOW CHANNEL YANG
TERDAPAT PADA MEMBRAN SEL
- EFEK KRONOTROPIK DAN INOTROPIK
NEGATIF, KARENA TERHAMBATNYA
ARUS MASUK ION Ca2+ KE DALAM SEL
JANTUNG
Department of Pharmacology
MEKANISME ANTIANGINA
MENGURANGI KEBUTUHAN OKSIGEN
MIOKARDIUM MELALUI:
1.
2.
3.
Department of Pharmacology
MEKANISME ANTIANGINA
MENINGKATKAN SUPLAI OKSIGEN MIOKARD MELALUI:
1. DILATASI LANGSUNG ARTERI EPIKARDIAL (N>D>V)
SEHINGGA DAPAT MENGATASI/MENCEGAH VASOSPASME
KORONER PADA ANGINA VASOSPASTIK
2. PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH (N>V>D), TEGANGAN
DINDING VENTRIKEL SELAMA SISTOLE BERKURANG
AKIBATNYA PERFUSI SUBENDOKARD
3. DILATASI ARTERI EPIKARDIAL
4. DILATASI STENOSIS EKSENTRIS PADA ARTERI
EPIKARDIAL, MENINGKATKAN ALIRAN DARAH DI
DAERAH ISKEMIK
5. PENURUNAN DENYUT JANTUNG (D>V)
6. MEMPERPANJANG WAKTU DIASTOLIK
MENINGKATKAN PERFUSI MIOKARD
Faculty of Medicine University of Riau
Department of Pharmacology
KLASIFIKASI
DIHIDROPIRIDIN (DHP): NIFEDIPIN,
NIKARDIPIN, FELODIPIN, AMLODIPIN
DIFENILALKILAMIN: VERAPAMIL,
GALOPAMIL, TIAPAMIL
BENZOTIAZEPIN: DILTIAZEM
PIPERAZIN: SINARIZIN, FLUNARIZIN
LAIN-LAIN: PRENILAMIN, PERHEKSILIN
MENGHAMBAT SECARA SELEKTIF KANAL Ca2+
MENGHAMBAT KANAL Ca2+ DAN KANAL Na+
Faculty of Medicine University of Riau
Department of Pharmacology
EFEK SAMPING
VASODILATASI BERLEBIHAN
NYERI KEPALA BERDENYUT
PUSING
MUKA MERAH
EDEMA PERIPER
HIPOTENSI
REFLEKS TAKIKARDI
PALPITASI
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Pharmacology
PENGGUNAAN KLINIK
1. ANGINA STABIL KRONIK
Department of Pharmacology
PENGGUNAAN KLINIK
2. ANGINA VARIAN
Pilih penghambat vasospasme kuat (nitrat &
CCB)
Terapi jangka panjang (CCB)
Tahap I
Tahap II
Tahap III
Tahap IV
Department of Pharmacology
PENGGUNAAN KLINIK
3. ANGINA TAK STABIL
TAHAP I: DIRAWAT DI RS
Department of Pharmacology