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Lisa Norvell
Professor Cynthia Hamlett
English 101
23 July 2015
Gender Roles in Media: An Annotated Bibliography
Berman, Naomi, and White, Alexandra. "Refusing the Stereotype." Youth Studies Australia 32.4
(2013): 38-47. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 July 2015.
In Refusing the Stereotype, the authors argue that classes should teach media literacy
skills to help provide young students the skills to analyze media and avoid falling into the
stereotypes pushed on them. The authors argue that these classes would help students use critical
thinking to analyze and deconstruct media images. Through various studies, the authors
discovered that many, particularly women, are affected or impacted by the media on how they
perceive their body image and self-worth. These studies have shown that media has a big impact
on youth and classes that teach students to analyze media more closely could avoid becoming a
stereotype.
The source is an article from the academic journal Youth Studies Australia. The article
is written by Naomi Berman is a manager at The Foundation for Young Australians and is a
professor at the Australian College of Applied Psychology. She has done research on young
people and social entrepreneurship. Alexandra White is a manager at Queen Victoria Womens
Centre Trust and her work focuses on positive body image. They both are qualified to speak on
the subject on how media affects young womens perception of beauty and self-worth. Many of
the resources that they used came from other scholars and the data collected from Bermans own
research.
This source can be helpful in discussing the medias role on young women.
Demonstrating the influence media has on body image and self-worth. I can use this article to
argue that media narrows societies perception of beauty through fashion magazines,
commercials, and film. This has given me the view of how women are influenced by media.

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Bogt, Tom, et al. "'Shake It Baby, Shake It': Media Preferences, Sexual Attitudes and Gender
Stereotypes Among Adolescents." Sex Roles 63.11/12 (2010): 844-859. Academic Search
Complete. Web. 24 July 2015.
In Shake It Baby, Shake It': Media Preferences, Sexual Attitudes and Gender
Stereotypes among Adolescents", the authors discuss the influence media has on young
adolescents. Particularly on what sexual roles each gender should play. They discuss the roles
that media pushes on adolescents as being a sex object for women and having a large sex drive
for men. In the article, they goes into detail on how media shows women that looks and
sexiness are all that is important and that sexual prowess is an asset to men. They demonstrate
the effects these stereotypes have on young viewers as being a downward dive of self-esteem and
a high rate of violence.
This source is an article from an academic journal called Sex Roles and is the property
of Springer Science & Business Media. The journal concentrates on gender studies and the
resources used come from other scholars. The authors are all scholars and specialize in
behavioral science. Thus qualifying them as being speakers on the subject of the effects the
media has on the behavior of young adolescents.
This source is useful to me because it helps to demonstrate the effects on young men and
women have about the roles, the media shows. It gives me examples on what each gender role
the media provides and how they get young adolescents to pursue these roles.
Brasted, Monica. "Care Bears vs. Transformers: Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements - The
Socjourn." The Socjourn. N.p., 17 Feb. 2010. Web. 24 July 2015.
In the article "Care Bears vs. Transformers: Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements, Dr.
Monica Brasted discusses the influence the media has on traditional gender roles and gender
stereotypes. She argues that advertisements and television teach people at a young age what is
considered appropriate for each gender. Encouraging young girls to play with dolls or make up
and young boys to play sports, race cars, or battle action figures. She argues that media instills

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the ideas that girls should be nurturing and house makers. While boys are encouraged to be more
assertive and active.
The article is from an online website called sociology.org and is written by Dr. Monica
Brsted. She is qualified to write on this subject because of her own experiences of dealing with
the influence media has on gender roles and the fact that she is an educated woman. The
resources used in the article are from other scholars and academic journals.
This source is helpful because it provides detailed examples on how media pushes gender
roles. I could also use this source as evidence on how much influence the media has on the youth
of America.
Fernndez, Juan, et al. "Explicit and Implicit Assessment of Gender Roles." Psicothema 26.2
(2014): 244-251. Academic Search Complete. Web. 24 July 2015.
In the article "Explicit and Implicit Assessment of Gender Roles, the authors concentrate
on the difference between gender roles and gender stereotypes. Defining gender roles as being
specified roles that men and women take in society. Deciding to test the activities that are
enlisted in each gender role, an experiment was conducted. Gathering twenty two women and
twenty men, they assigned groups and then proceeded to have each group do an activity that was
associated with a particular gender role. The results showed that both men and female were able
to do each activity with relative ease despite it being associated with a specific gender role.
Demonstrating that activities associated with a specific gender role, like cleaning or yard work,
are not for a specific gender.
The source is from an academic journal called Psicothema and focuses on Psychology.
The authors are all scholars that specialize in psychology. The resources used are from other
scholars and the data is collected from the experiment. The data was recorded on various charts
and graphs to demonstrate the results of each group.

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This source helps me to provide a clear understanding of what is considered a gender
role. And provide evidence that activities associated with gender roles are not for a specific
gender like the media shows.
"Gender Stereotypes: Definition, Examples and Analysis |NoBullying|." No Bullying Bullying
Cyber Bullying Resources. N.p., 09 Mar. 2015. Web. 24 July 2015.
In the article Gender Stereotypes: Definition, Examples and Analysis, it provides the
various media outlets used that promote gender stereotyping and the effects gender stereotyping
has on people. The article demonstrates that both men and women are affected by gender
stereotyping. Media being the most common factor of influence with causing women to be more
hyper feminine and men to hyper masculine.
The source is a web source from nobulling.com and the main concern for the website is
to stop bulling. The article goes over the effects gender stereotyping has and the general
knowledge of gender stereotyping. The article is written in a simple but educated format. The
website works closely with many professionals including psychologists and teachers.
This source helps me have a clear understanding of what is considered gender
stereotypes. It also provides examples of what media sources promote gender stereotyping and
how they promote it.
Jones, Melinda. "Gender Stereotyping In Advertisements." Teaching of Psychology 18.4 (1991):
231. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 July 2015.
In the article Gender Stereotyping in Advertisements, Melinda Jones discusses the way
students rarely realize the role the media plays on gender stereotypes. She argues that gender
stereotyping has a direct correlation with self-esteem. Jones urges students to analyze
advertisements and use Goffmans work on advertisements to gain a better understanding of
how to find the gender stereotypes being pushed by the media.
The source is an article from an academic journal called Teaching of Psychology.
Melinda Jones is a part of the Department of Psychology at University of Pittsburgh and is
qualified to speak on this subject. The resources she uses are from other scholars.

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This source provides a way for me to locate specific gender stereotypes used in
advertisements. It also helps me provide evidence on how gender stereotypes effect an
individual.
Perovic, Slavica. "Language, Gender and Identity." Javnost-The Public (European Institute for
Communication & Culture (Euricom)) 19.4 (2012): 41-112. Communication & Mass
Media Complete. Web. 24 July 2015.
In the article Language, Gender and Identity, Perovic discusses gender identity and the
roles that correlate with it. He discusses different theories used to help understand gender identity
and the correlation between language and gender identity. The source is an article from an
academic journal called Javnost-The Public. A journal that concentrates on communication,
ethnic and cultural studies. The author is a highly educated man and the resources he uses are
from other scholars. This source will help me to provide a clear understanding of what is a
gender identity and compare it with other sources to demonstrate a correlation between gender
identity and gender roles.
Smith, Jeff. "Normalizing Male Dominance: Gender Representation in 2012 Films." Grand
Rapids Institute for Information Democracy. N.p., 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 24 July 2015.
In the article Normalizing Male Dominance: Gender Representation in 2012 Films, Jeff
Smith discusses the way media, particularly film, are promoting gender stereotypes and
preventing female representation in film. He demonstrates the lack of female representation by
analyzing the films that came out in 2012. The results revealed that out of the sixty seven films to
come out, there were fifty five leading men and twelve female leads. He delves further into the
films to show the differences in female characters and male characters. Females characters being
sex objects, love interests, or damsels in distressed. The common theme being that they are
dependent on someone. While men are portrayed as strong, independent heroes.

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The article is from a website called griid.org and the websites goal is to analyze media
and promote equal representation in media. The article is written in an educated manner and
provides reasonable evidence to support its argument.
I can use this source to show how media promotes gender stereotypes through film. And
provide examples of what films are either misrepresenting women or promoting stereotypical
gender roles.