ll “he Post Govial Qeshior dS fay, chanbes Tah Gaia Cuctk), LGB NO Hck | ‘Rourled WHEN was ‘THE? fie POST-COLONIAL’? THINKING AT THE LIMIT g Shar at ! Lit 5185 a i Nessa, we must dit thte tendencies ht enough con ‘sing ly of gations, aoe ae Focal, ‘Nem, Ces. ey? ‘Wher was ‘te post coi? What shld be nteded and exe fn fra Wee i he ive ln betwsen ads “the ela colonials, Third Woe, pecan in lan to mas enna cess, bet without al person, ark cl Te mn pup of is ppt cnle te intmgation cs which ave epunochee ee ‘fist cn the quo of "eps clo” and tev of ones {es 1 postoloal ine Ie the tine fer satan aod eaainy ‘Hn aes of iy vision betwee the cloises adhe coe, ‘whys pos cola tinea atin tren? Whats tices his an wat ae i inpeatns fr te ors of poll a cat fost this tern tome? These question nce faut ntl scein whch voncpta be poses or apre and ty silt tivity epled wl we Bxow too bu at ie core tea ad why it has bea he teatro each pessoas ne Ines slo f deseo some. adequal fr hea sie of ange ‘Tisineoguon can este bdo by engaging wines spe ie frtsoona” whit has ben apy hag shag tes ot cal over in reer noah a Saat, whose works elas to ‘enlaces, a ales 19k fora ay of come Sins Ste ities he "pxtcoln frien a pie soon 4s izing malic of oso “tsnel and snnersioag glace ads epalcting Inplaton”(Shlnts 1982) Te poe Sola she agus is poly analen becawe lus he eseeat ‘nincions between cleises and clnsed hero steed we gts of “loin, "gocoloivn® and “Tund Worn wc estupideses ak bwin andl for no clear pps Like ie ala "pons ni oc 2 eesrbinis” See * ics aligned, clipes aiteret ise, empuaias nd ral trmatnns note sun eivealising cg. This cilqes sand Seg Melson of te ll sholas working ath fl, oe ef ahs eps sf cis nd inc tai Sint es ps stately erin cose tee ee ‘eputot te aba ce es mate ci wheter a eet lated peopl cst cs svg ae spo ttre wo ncntnacaatep ac ‘ct chtonopie fh teu Sas oN Inks cet genial conibaon asd dpa ater ee ‘dem Chi Af Dik (1938). not oly chs mayo a see 01 MCs win goal he on fie cece a agua cual ‘tuto ‘epras Marin setuning topo eo ‘Would anguge wth wives episteawlopiclpetenigs' Theor ‘eat agumcot is tat te “postcolonial rosy undepays opie rutin of mr wal into of ety sda steer f ‘erates svc acl aig. Powsoaa dacoce he ays Dna ‘twain’ (Dik 1994 34, Larking wii the fio Dts eguncans ‘efiain whic is common to all se een etic: manly he ga, seademic marketability” ofthe tenn ‘pecotoia(eClitvk 1999) Ser omit postion in ts dployieat facades intellectual of hid Wes ‘vein. ating wy] pce ig cutlets Dae W9sr a) Lcusieve ie the apt wth is wif lial cee srpesat andthe unvetcone slings i uncoescoalyafods io orwell sd aoc besccupstio of Amercan-bse rca inlets with) the “aad "eae ‘of American Academia. There ar prises Boveri i the shows hn ‘whch we wil we to return ~sucta,for xan, eductiontm of Dalle open tat post cloil icin ‘sons wt the eoncapel sect lbs reltonships caused by shits inte ward capil ecaaomy (aber ae ave we etd ta formuson) which be sy, expe why soso! wii {is Iteadet to be crcl ‘shoul apear ob complcous in “th eononcon ‘of hegemony (ik, 1984: 31, quoting Sho seal Mijas, 19) Ofcourse, wen onc looks thee argent cali in content ess seating semen wee hen ta otis ape. The ey 7 poston” which Soha fnds disguising ae postal may ot, A a fret tow te “ails” MeChatak gus a 4 wensang SP sbstnce Tam struck by how seldom th ten sus to denote malic The © ‘ssl on postr in Dik doesnot acy sare wi wha we ~%y * ee Bee eS PREPRESS ER BRBET esape Sag Ande, ae ‘eal tine. * —_ know of MeCtintoct's substantive work, which is profoundly “pose. ostiona in inspiron (for etamol, the bl esy on “The Reto of ema Fetshsn’ in New Fermatons, 193, te ao 1995, Though Slog ‘adeererlqne nih he ecogston ht one conceal fame ste eceseay ‘wrong andthe her ‘ight, er rise ae ab etensive an damning th is fcr know what of substance she wonld ike to Se eaeued eset tis: But tis is itching. The ease agi the pst clo slvanca ‘hescricsandahers isbn nd mt beta seul ins own rng 2 cera nos rans tough some of fee argues for eh foo leit polies of tiny postions, where clear lines cam be des inthe Sand” beten goodies ad hes (Shh arle stars withthe laying” Instnce of he Gulf Wan. This i a compelling an argument st cen at ft sight. These “lincs” may have been spl once (wee the, at thy enya sno longer. Otherwise we co unde he yea polis onthe left except as sme sot of silo censpiey? This dor et mean that ere 9 eter "ong ies, no py of pert hat poet shoe che mae. Bais the bau, the souhenng, esse es the ft hat pola nares do ot ono ny longer? i they eve) her Sstbitse the feld of poe stage in any petaent wy fede ‘ensparrly ineligible? "roter ete ar ot ven bel cnsnctats con, ‘eoeny polite postonnties ae not fed tl donot wpe homeles ftom one histori sition fo the net oes one tea ef rap ‘oe ever inpae' nan eles tron n't tht thsi fom poco war of manocue to pois a “arf positon, which Grams og gm, nd decisively, ated And ae we not alin lem wap, an ong Gifrem conceptual snes (of which the post oon dtnitnly 000, espeey tng to unestand whet making ane pole! chace aad taking a pliclpostion in necessary open an contingent pole! ele is, wat sor of ols’ ie eds op? ‘There my indeed edifeences of expan hee etween he US a Ba, With going ogres lengths. Gnd pel ising tha what the Gal Wet ‘ovidd was not the cling patil expeonce of nes daa the and” bt the ifcaies wich sos in opposing the West wa In the dese ‘shen manifest th ition in the Gulf old oth he aces which th Alliage commited in defence of Westen il nterests ue UN cover sgt the pole of Im Gin whose iste “underdevelopment the Wet ery {plies nd the sroctes commited agin sony peopl doin fie best intrest ofthe reion, rt to speak of hose ofthe Kens and ie Marth ‘Ach by Saddam Hsin. Thresher: ut itis fa wh orp nd ambit ean be scully expunged, Andi an ned ‘example, cndomly chore, bt charts of acer nd af pola event ‘of on ‘ew tines” in which for he ee ofthe encorpled le foe ‘tooo andthe eit the os-nlopendenc’ te ar apy nse! In she, was’ the Calf War, inthis sense ache pesefonia ove? Ey Mind § Fathudag? El Stat, of course oe lve, lly unertnds his spunea et endorsing all ofits implications. The lst teedecades ate rhe it observes, ave offered number of very complex an poly ambiguus destopmeats Iinluing the realiaton tat the weed of te anh eet ‘oarimoosly revoatonary = and that] erie the toa! perernof| ro-rliteal hegemony, ower realons nthe The! Word are sande esd and contrat, Sheets to confi “nt only Between. tei within tons, withthe ‘ens changing eltons betwee dinar nse props (Sa, 137 1, Hower, italy aetna ‘he potenti vals ofthe em ‘pstcolela in peel referencing hs rift heal, se end this pat of the cusion with a penclly epic eration abou the visit of the ‘postcolonial “in Angle-Ameian a em carl sais". I short, where she could ely have inde wh 8 ‘coop efetion she chose insted poles cours As towbeterthe concep ‘post-coloi”la eenconfisngyunveeie: there is undobiely some exeess homopeiing gongs the pase has ‘aupt on and become widely and sometimes inappropriately apie d. Teese ‘esous distinctions to be male bere tic have been neplece} na which do weaken te conceal value ofthe tem. Is Bin “potter in he sme ‘nota he US? Inde ithe US useily thought fw pt clon all? Should the term be ermonly applied to Asstt, whic i white seer colony, aw Tia? Are Bila tad Canta, Niger tnd Jaman “cay pst colona™ a5 Shah akin he aril? Ca Alera ling at ome ad in France the Peach an the Pied Noir sets al be “post clei! fuLain des pl neh ends snp nr ue only inherit entry, lng hfe he ee stag of eclo 0 which ewer ors vided refers and were ed hy he sean Spi sete woo cofised tr ow, maine eopes Shoat, her ale, plo weaknes ellectvely an clear hin the igh ot is ego, "os deploying the concept mst tend more cael csi ead seis ndforesabish ore len at wh level of abtation fe emt ‘spsaing mn how tis avoids a spuous “nieraation Anne McClintock so persuasively distinguishes between 9 nember of ilferent tects fo ob domination, nthe couse of making vl ad iar ene! pin ‘hou che ned roi the "conte nd distinc of power tape (p. 204), Lata Mani and Ruth Prankeabee. inthe cacily argued asset (1993) are patil hepa een reming hl end ot flo ea Societies ae ‘pos-coloil” i the same way and that in ey ete thet lon” does ot operate ap sown But is inet const erally retin by ts tersectos with ter unfolding elon 5o,a more caf discrimination is inorder ene leet soci and aca as =a Trl heeFoxmations, Austin and Cason one hand Niger, nda ul Flom the oer ar cerinly Rot “pot-coloua” be he same wa. Bat tis does nak Inge cee ad te ways In wich, CL. Re Jumes pti about the ‘Catbcan, hy rea but wt of te Wea, ey were ny al‘ an te wll designated now a pon-colni though the mane, xing ao ‘todas of ter eolooieaton abd lndepeadcace ved grea. So, fr that Tate, wae he US, whote cheat ‘cle was, condoedteughoat wit ‘etree fo soe sytised Exrocenric compa of blab esto, are ‘erly uninteligbe out te famework of Arai ola past. hte ae, weve some ways of dscrninang Bewecn wes ofthe crm whch ae ot, my vow, spl Soe wou dea ito white seer clos, Teserving i excuse forthe nonvrestr coleied societies, Otters would {efoeit toe closing soils of te etpol, resrving or te colts, ofthe pesiheryonly, This sto conte dercpve cater wit an eave ‘om, What th conceptimay ly us dois esrb ot chaacteriv shit ‘ha lations wich ata tbo (asset uneven) tain om tage of Epic oth postindependeoce epost eclosion momen may aso hp (ug here Re vale ix re gestural wo Mey What are te es ‘eins and dspostone of power mick are emerig ia he ne comune ‘Buta Peter Hale as argued ent, 1 poucolal” is «wef word he fest «proces of die tgement rom he wale cola yndome whic ae aay fos ad ‘Stwobaiyinescpae fr all thse move ws have bon mated by tha st of phenome pocoloiis(r shoal be) ssn ot at Tis ol ome Kind f te of mei, (ute, 1995) This tought luo Help ws to emily, ot only te level at wich crf SX. isnt have vo be de, bot ao he Lela wich “posolona is Ry Prope eivenlng” acne ne ering wa gh eve of SY _INIiGlon teen to general poco of dxaoaaton which, He 2 colonisaion ict, har mated he colonsing soles as powell ast has the EF alorsed (ol couse i alleen ways) Hence the subveing of the old 9 coloisinglolonsed binary in the new enjonctare, Indeed, on ofthe principal ‘aor of th ea ‘psclula us beet detour tention 10 te many ‘vay i whlch colonia was ever simply excl wo thesis ofthe Inge netopoi var vay ncibed deeply wala dent as became ‘nil asad in the entree of he cloaved. This was a poss whose Iegtve effects ove te funtion of ant-clonil poi ablation, snd provoked the ati feeover at altel st of clr eins not ‘Sinaia by the cloning exgstence, Thi war a Sbbat observes the ‘ria dimension of a-ololal stuggles However, in eas of ay sok {eho poe set of contained ois he Tng-lerm heal and ncn tha hyena postcolonial othe — whet pe Hall vue ‘clone oop ee ee ee ; eo estonia i ot merely desrpsive of hi” soci rather ar WIEN Was “THE rOST-COLONIAL'? TWNKING aT THE LiMET extort fe amt i haere he tang ec Fic pvt is ny vow tobe loveable The ie ee ‘een dodo cits ante tay penny nny my aly ea soso SRI tom ceo wich ancl egg ee ae Hay fom oferta tots ea when Shear ae ‘et aati sncin woud dct aceon ee ee etic mots ei 99) fon dca af eh ‘hts eho ec erage asa ee itauilag bt ean oy not wating ate eee thlgg ore ey by fm nwt cola oe icp afteaspeone htigewmieasacti nares { cece sl aa Sau oe Be wey Sor spre dnp ins ef cli utc Which sre epclan | | vive for soln, ih he cate o-oo tar ‘eng ee Sx OTs serosal ot sd isp for roles oft psea Cahn Hal sey vole) Iowa i of "ead pI ove slots a ft aan easly te, || ‘loa and wate "pba" poses = ad kpocces «deep as | | Shs pba renga xtra sn ng gad sein, | "sabre value theories pie i efi of hs “hr nde “ea and ‘now's shoal perspective, “lob” ere dott aot mea universal batt isnt natn sce spi cir ts about how tated an transere cross of wt Gly calls he “Sasori” (ony, 1955) ‘appement ad siolanously displace tho cette periphery nd the sotel | loc reciprocally re-orgaie and reshape one another. As Maa a esi berg age, ‘colonialism alnays was abou, and “postevonal™eealaly shou, iflerent ways of "staging the encoutee™ between the eotolng Societies nd tes ‘aes’ ~ thwgh not always inthe same way et be sine degree (Meni und Fests, 1993301). x “his argument connects wih aoter sand of he erque — namely, te ‘postcolonial a form of preston, and wt Shi cali “bles tempo’. Wha ‘post-colonial cetaily satis ne of toe ovaaoas ‘asd on epochal ‘stages when everything sero a the sane more tie ol reson disappear fo ever and eney tow one come sepace hom. ‘less de disengagement coloising process hasbeen ong, ae uta feasted fa, in which he recet pot war movers werd ecolnisation figures as one, but only eae since cen, Mer, ‘coloastion’ sigs dic colonial eeupion and ley andthe usin ‘postcolonial is chances by independence from ect esl ale ie foxmston few nin sates, fons of enone devslpreat nia the m@eareeolin ial Bea oe om of indigenous capil and tel slton of een coon pendency on the ceveloet captain wold andthe police which arse fom emergence of Doverfilcl elites managing the contaicoy elect of unde develope sta ignom.itis haaceised by the persinenceof many ofthe ee ‘loin buat he same time ther displacement rom the cloineoloiset ‘xis thir intersiston within the declonzed soit ite Hence, the Brish, who were dep impated withthe reper economies, the rllog “sions andthe complex pie of the Gl Stars ena st Mesopotae ‘trogh te network of mands and protected spe nance er Wonk ‘Wor On, wire in the decoloniing ome "wes of Se nd the “afer {fo tis pervasive typeof adn coloil hegemony Is the ve nd “rewockd through the vitious “internal” rss of the yosvlonl ses ant soxiies ofthe Of Sses, n,n and Afphonistan, oto spent of Palestine nT, hs soe, “he eolora” isnot den ince it Uves on te ‘sft eecs. Bais pols an cerinly no longer mapped compte ack into, nor declared tobe ‘the same” inthe pot clokal omen ast ws dag the pevod of the Bish manda. These completes an restagings have come a common fete n many pats of he “pestenonnt” woah there hve nso ben ater ‘decolesing” tse, ba ear ees ad oe ith siaieamly itera utcomes, ‘re cola tse some cf thet raking why en eile hi man of th poscoloni Dees with ts peosspation with ole ‘oloising aon simply esvee eatageexacy what he pos lil #9 ‘iuortly detest be ‘ver’? Di, forename, ins it sang tht the oso crits to eoccpied wt th Eighteenth Ene the ‘ge of which sss ~ ly tbe tr cel a MoCo ee {he ening of ga istry rund the sale acc of Eun in (p. BO) 1 Is tw thot the ‘post-colonial signals the proliferation of hisrsh nd femoris, theft of iferece and spel ithe encaling and Eunstie postEalghtenneat grand mimes, te molilciy af er at cents curl conection, morement and miraons wech makeup the we tate, fen tpasing the od maopolian cents, Putaps owen, ie sn Jane bea warmed by other heal examples, whee he econstncion of ere ‘oncepsueraen by he so-ai ‘post? does i followed tot by thar bolton an sapeaine but rather 2 te prafeatn (Foca ward). nly mo in ised postion in th ico, The sje an “ie nly wo ofthe concepts hick Raving hee rae deine a aay ‘ad eset fom, have prorated heya our wiles expects int roenedfrns into new dessin poston ‘Ae same tine, there is someting the argue ht as Lta Mani and Ru Frenkenbere remain hier of Raber: Your's White Moog (0980, sometimes the ony puro which the postsloial ete sees ene he catg hs SESS BATSON rae tey observe, ike merely (aking a detour to rene pos ON oT ce Lb nsec kisgg» feleleinl btY |. wordy the imperial powers. I think itis signifying the whole process of AV rr WHEW WAS “THE POST-COLOMIAL*T THINKING AP THE LIM foc reining the Western SP. I would, ey, ea tuna frthe boots itthe“key wend achievement of he Agen Ware Indopdcnce ere ke ‘gO othe Hest dete" (1993: 101) Inact ny new te pees with White stmotpies (1090) not at secs te oomecton ear &_postcnon and he eign of he wee metaphysical tion tary mig" (36), The posceolaia” presets he coon equally wih the 3 slo with a poten of eas" (p. 337, ‘This isal going wth remarable swig for ent pages enon page 347, aby ow somewhat cnneterstie "hens to eed ell. “These ccs however vehement om occasion, do not neceraiy indicate that pos! Colossi deny alll. Tape cnona core tre ot, "oral tohae someting fost stout ‘sci in he meso compretening "he werd asocted with ach eoneps as Tit Wold and ation as, Now, parently io be denied at, 15 he lol stations become ore Mud wt the disspearance of the aocials snes, with the emergence of important difeencos cocoa at poitelly beeen sled Third Word voces a the dispel mations of pope acon ain eins boas, Frgmentation ofthe pol nn he lo as emerged it th foreground of isto pola cossauenes. ini, 1992347) 286 — ew ow eS eS PS eS ese This may SPPEA Io Tonos eyes ike cuprting repudiated isl ‘Massey, 194 Roins, 1991: al 198), leo ‘he sen soon of he ail ning sand oe eee fom fh ma eso wa eta ances ee ied recone secmmiton, eae tanec sa ‘oo. "hae ici th nw nail vn of oa, the aw gta intone ecm feat sees ea Trosdty th nna cmpetin De wenonennet neues J i sec en mt fon ot en isto cnn th saan itl abn ued feqgmentaton and mi-clrtisn, the rearcalaion mative cule int 3%, ‘evn sate Ce con re eng te Cefn eve cp he tg Sot at Asin xp ch he wes of ola te “ston ier noe-lspetioeqs once satel oh Colm ifaenrs he spun ox wd conse er of re ‘orth ow ete chin sons homie dene {553}, moder whch tv ns Ese nrc’ fo fc ‘ick canon ot vet nego nano bjs nl odin an soon I isnot nm pee ant gee pene i Kal, sh nsontoretly. onsen vey seen het ‘Pris tne el pani, and mas ely hw ‘Sly ad woes ion’ al fo ty tow cone pr lee ie wn al ee ng aed new ‘airs stasis ay ties clonal sa i 2 Tons ganic ued event naa af teenage Felice ye nti ef cca waco re 0 {ges puto ec inetob vio wad den bom tl jeemet “ho tpn col aor toma wih of ey Tet sos ot nh mo eta scm ich te pst cates eve ony mw rnd ect ay Di Wt 22 temartable ss htt emigration of the rleontipterween 822 oacskeltin acd ll apn on etc fey tings 7° Fos icc et tat gue wd y of sme purse, Inelectals. I de remarkable, And it as Become Srcoly damagleg and al “isblng fr everything postive which he post-caoaal paadm ean, hs ‘heambtion to occomple, Thee two fave of te cen debate about ie modem’ =the post-tonial and the aalyss oth ne develope abl ‘opalism fave indeed argely rosea elie olton mone ae, neeee ee aor teat tet a ES Sea ca tes me oe ‘airtel ec a tai Mineo Sal e318, 190. no eat stn notre 1 ee tear eet en none ar er toate Soe 260 INDEX Ary Ace (Walt) 222, Ano, ina ms F ‘atari Aon 45 A Gsmartan St Bowlen 131133 14 1-4 ‘tai Vew fis (igo) 191-2 Aes Rae 3S ASiskof Green Candy QBowks) ans 2082067 216 Bid ‘ten 015-1, 176-8, ‘Mlk 01 Won Rainn) 194 “8 a. ‘ote 678,729,745 ‘tet 290, ‘cmon 13 ‘age Soe 192 ‘ease 25 ‘Nite 9 6.206 Sancti me hs ‘eked Ao 5,152 Sone Site = seein: Saas etl 4,220 ‘ey 718s a aba dota ink 199098 (Cation AteaAneees 618,65 1151.27 Baker HD. R158 ‘Nowe et Bao ery 251,177 180,262,185 Badin dane 144 | Set Bee Wanna some Ean Pom 10-4 Alton 2 ~, ‘Bas Jn 190 Sey 2 1361, Bane S84, 67 ant ‘Bh Bane Nee 268i ‘Bathe Roz 10 Atte Lat €or rg 49 atc 3.28 Sweets Sma 02 Pee Cul 38 “SEIT, 0,13, 16,222 Andean Bent 157,14 ‘Andon Caen 1oa eeaitnrstetetincls ognennnns a tac tan cr tinct der ee ee eee eee eae sect caer svete cae terrae Eo min nce re ae re pear pein ae aces sarerdedcometnes sow wold ry, ft fc a wool Spee mia Cntr re emailed cet el mp or ee seater atte ates haere sce atest cecaremreuoiaten ere 28 | nwitig spokespersons fr the new global eapitioréx, Tiss coven ‘wag and dtd argument of sch staring (andone obliged tos an reductions a fnctionalisn of Kind which one ough bd iseppented fens ‘scholary debate a serious explanation of anythin, Bt it ead ike aco ‘fom ann, primeval er. eal he more dating becouse very sas lin of guest 1 be found fram a diameticlly oposite postin =the Inexplicably simpiciccharge i Robert Young's Colo Desire 1895) hat th postcolonial eis are eonpi with Victorian ail thay because th es of wriers deploy the same term bry tn hi dco ere, ten, we fin ouselves between Sey and Chay, hetweca the devt andthe dep sue sea. We sheays knew thatthe dismantling of the ean Paradigm woud release strange demons from edo, ai ha these monster ght come tag al srs of sablerrnean materi tl the ews wins ands, esps and eres nthe ways the apn i being conducted sould ‘lets tothe sleep of eso hat is beyoat or ter Resin, the way die pays fre yore en beg int anges nf lig rend REFERENCES Bat MMe Pio Ta, Pay, Can, 191 Buffer tha er Rose, ot 108 Bhi tcton Ca Ro, Lio, 94 Bec hago al ne ilk A "The Pesala Aue: Ted World Cl in the Age of Got ace i: Wie 9 on ‘os M"Netache, Gein, Hist aD. Beas (6), Langwage, Coe cing Pate nl dr Pls of Lenn, Clare Sudeg 72,0998. nt nN se ity, Fhe ck An Nadel on Done Cnn, Ve, Lota ‘ato A Qa (679, ei Mos, Gram en Sat Th, ‘eee a Wit, 18 " Ti dw Rv! Tarim nd Ci of he en tn 2G ety nd ip’ a Rabson (My Lame ad ste ae eee 125th Gasion Cote’ Hai 8, Hall, Da Me Mode ant Para ag, * alo cing Amer Lis oes Rel ur Tie Va, London, 195, Neches rte Nya regs of efor ese, Sec ‘Te inane tii A Te Roof Fel Fess nd th Fs fe Pal ew 259 Bees ReEEL BS eee es 2