Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOM

STRUKTUR ATOM
1

Table 1 shows the proton number; number of electron and number of neutron of
particles of elements X, Y and Z. X, Y and Z do not represent the actual symbol of the
elements.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan nombor proton, bilangan elektron dan bilangan neutron bagi
zarah unsur X, Y dan Z. X, Y dan Z bukanlah mewakili simbol unsur sebenar.
Particle
Zarah

Proton number
Nombor proton

Number of electron
Bilangan elektron

Number of neutron
Bilangan neutron

11

10

12

Table / Jadual 1
(a)

What is meant by proton number?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan nombor proton?

[1 mark]

(b)

State which subatomic particle that is the lightest.

Nyatakan zarah subatom yang paling ringan.

[1 mark]

(c)

W is an isotope of X.
W ialah isotop bagi X.
(i)

State the number of proton of W.

Nyatakan bilangan proton bagi W.
.
[1 mark]

(ii)

Does W have the same chemical properties with X? Give a reason.

Adakah W mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama dengan X? Beri satu sebab.
.
.
[2 marks]

(d)

(i)

What is the nucleon number of Y?

Apakah nombor nukleon bagi Y?
.
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

(ii)

(e)

(i)

Draw the atomic structure of Y.

Lukiskan struktur atom bagi Y.

Write the electron arrangement of particle Z.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi zarah Z.
.
[1 mark]

(ii)

State the charge of particle Z.

Nyatakan cas bagi zarah Z.
.
[1 mark]

Diagram 2 below shows the graph of temperature against time when solid naphthalene
is heated from room temperature to 90 oC. A boiling tube contain naphthalene is heated
using a water bath until all the naphthalene completely melt.
Rajah 2 di bawah menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila pepejal naftalena
dipanaskan daripada suhu bilik kepada 90 oC.Tabung didih yang mengandungi
naftalena dipanas menggunakan kukus air sehingga semua naftalena melebur

Temperature / OC
Suhu / OC
90

80

A
Time / s
Masa / s
Diagram / Rajah 2

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

(a)

Name the process when naphthalene changes from solid to liquid.

Namakan proses bila pepejal naftalena bertukar kepada cecair.
.......
[1 mark]

(b)

What is meant by 80 oC at the graph?

Apakah maksud 80 oC pada graf?
.......
[1 mark]

(c)

Draw the arrangement of particles naphthalene in the section AB.

Lukis susunan zarah-zarah naftalena dalam bahagian AB.

[1 mark]
(d)

Complete Table 2 to compare the particles of naphthalene in the section AB and

CD.
Lengkapkan Jadual 2 untuk membandingkan zarah-zarah dalam naftalena
sepanjang AB dan CD
Section
Attraction forces
between particles

AB

CD

Daya tarikan antara

zarah-zarah
Kinetic energy between
particles
Tenaga kinetik antara
zarah
Table / Jadual 2
[4marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

(e)

After all the naphthalene completely melt, liquid naphthalene is left cool at room
temperature.
Sketch a graph of temperature against time for cooling process of naphthalene.
Selepas semua naftalena melebur, cecair naftalena dibiarkan menyejuk pada
suhu bilik.
Lakar graf suhu melawan masa sepanjang proses penyejukkan naftalena.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

FORMULA DAN PERSAMAAN KIMIA
3

Calculate the total number of ions for the following ionic compound:
Hitungkan jumlah bilangan ion bagi sebatian ion berikut:
[Relative atomic mass / Jisim atom relatif: Na = 23 ; Cl = 35.5]
[Avogadros number / Nombor Avogadro: NA = 6.02 1023 ]
(i)

2 mol of sodium chloride / natrium klorida

[1 mark]
(ii)

0.5 mol of aluminium chloride / aluminium klorida

[1 mark]
(iii)

58.5 g of sodium chloride / natrium klorida

[2 marks]
4

(a)

What is the meaning of empirical formula?

Apakah maksud formula empirik?
..............
..............
[1 mark]

(b)

Diagram 4.1 shows an incomplete equation which is one of the steps involved in
determining the empirical formula.
Complete this equation:
Mass

= ..

Relative atomic mass

Diagram 4.1

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan persamaan tak lengkap yang merupakan satu daripada
langkah dalam menentukan formula empirik.
Lengkapkan persamaan ini.
Jisim

= ..

Jisim atom relatif

Rajah 4.1
[1 mark]
(c)

Diagram 4.2 shows the apparatus set-up for two methods used to determine the
empirical formula of two compounds.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua kaedah yang digunakan untuk
menentukan formula empirik bagi dua sebatian.

Diagram / Rajah 4.2

(i)

Which method is suitable to be used to determine the empirical formula of

magnesium oxide?
Kaedah yang manakah sesuai digunakan untuk menentukan formula
empirik bagi magnesium oksida?
................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Why did you choose the method in 2(c) (i)?

Mengapa anda memilih kaedah di 2(c) (i)?
................
[1 mark]

(iii)

When carrying out an experiment using Method I, why does the crucible lid
need to be opened once a while?
Semasa menjalankan eksperimen menggunakan Kaedah I, mengapakah
penutup mangkuk pijar perlu dibuka sekali-sekala?
................
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

(d)

Diagram 4.3 shows the results for an experiment to determine the empirical
formula of lead oxide.
Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan
formula empirik bagi plumbum oksida.
Mass of combustion tube
Jisim tiub pembakaran

64.00 g

Mass of combustion tube + lead oxide

Jisim tiub pembakaran+ plumbum oksida

117.52 g

Mass of combustion tube + lead

Jisim tiub pembakaran+ plumbum

113.68 g

Diagram / Rajah 4.3

Based on Diagram 4.3, determine the values of the following:
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3, tentukan nilai yang berikut:
[Relative atomic mass / Jisim atom relatif : O = 16, Pb = 207]
(i)

Mass of lead / Jisim plumbum

= g

(ii)

Number of moles of lead / Bilangan mol plumbum

= mol

(iii)

[1 mark]

Number of moles of oxygen / Bilangan mol oksigen

= mol

(v)

[1 mark]

Mass of oxygen / jisim oksigen

= g

(iv)

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

Empirical formula of lead oxide / Formula empirik bagi plumbum oksida

= .......

KIMIA SPM 2014

[1 mark]

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

5

Table 5 shows the incomplete table of empirical formula and molecular formula for
glucose and ethene.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan jadual tidak lengkap formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi
glukosa dan etena.

Substance
Bahan

Empirical Formula
Formula Empirik

Glucose
Glukosa

Molecular formula
Formula molekul

C6H12O6

Ethene
Etena
Table / Jadual 5
(a) What is meant by molecular formula?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul?
..
..
[1 mark]
(b) Based on your answer in (a) (i), write the empirical formula of glucose by filling in
the Table 5.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (a) (i), tuliskan formula empirik glukosa dengan
mengisi dalam Jadual 5.
[1 mark]
(c) Describe the molecular formula of glucose, C6H12O6.
Huraikan formula molekul glukosa, C6H12O6 .
..
..
..
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

(d) Ethene has a composition of carbon, 85.71 % and hydrogen, 14.29 %.

Etena mempunyai kandungan karbon, 85.71 % dan hidrogen, 14.29 %.
(i)

Calculate the empirical formula of ethene.

Hitungkan formula empirik etena.
[ Given that relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; C = 12 ]
[Diberi jisim atom relative : H = 1 ; C = 12 ]

Element

Mass / g
Jisim / g
Number of moles /
mol
Bilangan mol / mol
Ratio of mole
Nisbah mol
Empirical formula
Formula empirik
[3 marks]
(ii)

The relative molecular mass of ethene is 28.

Determine the molecular formula of ethene.
Jisim molekul relatif etena ialah 28. Tentukan formula molekul etena.

[3 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

10

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

JADUAL BERKALA UNSUR
6

Diagram 6 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.

P, Q, R, S, T and U do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur.
P, Q, R, S, T dan U tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur berkenaan.
Group
Kumpulan

Period
Kala

R
U

Diagram / Rajah 6
By using the letters in the Periodic Table of Elements in Diagram 6, answer the
following questions:
Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf yang terdapat dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur pada
Rajah 6, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:
(a)

State the element that exists as diatomic molecule.

Nyatakan unsur yang wujud sebagai molekul dwiatom.
..............
[1 mark]

(b)

State the common name of the elements between group 2 and group 13.
Nyatakan nama umum bagi unsur-unsur yang terletak di antara kumpulan 2 dan
kumpulan 13.
..............
[1 mark]

(c)

Element R is chemically unreactive. Explain why.

Unsur R adalah tidak reaktif secara kimia. Terangkan mengapa.
..............
..............
[2 marks]

(d)

Arrange P, Q and R according to the increasing of atomic size.

Susunkan P, Q dan R mengikut pertambahan saiz atom.
..............
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

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Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

(e)

11

Position of element T in the Periodic Table : Group 1, Period 3

Kedudukan unsur T dalam Jadual Berkala : Kumpulan 1; Kala 3
Explain why.
Terangkan mengapa.
..............
..............
[2 marks]

(f)

When a small piece of element S is put into water, a colourless solution is formed
and hydrogen gas is released.
Apabila seketul kecil unsur S diletakkan di dalam air, larutan tidak berwarna
terbentuk dan gas hidrogen terbebas.
(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut.
.
[2 marks]

(ii)

State one observation when red litmus paper is put into the solution.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian apabila kertas litmus merah dimasukkan ke
dalam larutan tersebut.
.
[1 mark]

(g)

Compare the reactivity between P and S. Explain your answer.

Bandingkan kereaktifan antara P dan S. Terangkan jawapan anda.
.............
.............
.............
.............
[4 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

7

(a)

12

Diagram 7A and 7B shows the electron arrangement for atoms of element X and
element Y.
Rajah 7A dan 7B menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur X dan unsur
Y.

Atom X
Diagram / Rajah 7A

Atom Y
Diagram / Rajah 7B

(i)

Write the electron arrangement for the atoms of element X and

element Y. State the name the elements.
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur X dan unsur Y. Nyatakan
nama bagi unsur-unsur tersebut.
[2 marks]

(ii)

Compare the force of attraction between the nucleus and the valence
electrons in the atoms of element X and element Y. Relate this to their
respectively reactivity.
Bandingkan daya tarikan antara nukleus dan elektron valens dalam
atom unsur X dan unsur Y. Kaitkannya dengan kereaktifan masingmasing.
[6 marks]

Element(iii)
Z:
A black coloured solid.
In the same group with element X and element Y in the Periodic Table of Elements
Located below element X and element Y in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Unsur Z:
Pepejal berwarna hitam.
Berada dalam kumpulan yang sama dengan unsur X dan unsur Y dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Ditempatkan di bawah unsur X dan unsur Y dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between element Z with

water. Predict the reactivity of element Z in its reaction with water
compared to that of the element Y.
Tuliskan persamaan tindak balas antara unsur Z dan air. Ramalkan
kereaktifan unsur Z dengan air berbanding unsur Y.
[3 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

13

(b) Diagram 7.2 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction of
element Y with iron wool.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tidak balas antara
unsur Y dengan wul besi.
Section F
Bahagian F

Section G
Bahagian G

Section H
Bahagian H

Iron wool
Wul besi

Concentrated
hydrochloric acid
Asid hidroklorik
pekat

Heat
Panaskan

Bahagian G
Potassium
manganate(VII) crystal
Hablur kalium
manganat(VII)

Bahagian H

Sodium hydroxide
solution
Larutan natrium
hidroksida

Diagram / Rajah 7.2

(i)

State two precaution steps that must be taken while carrying out the
experiment.
Nyatakan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa
menjalankan eksperimen ini.
[2 marks]

(ii)

What is the function of sodium hydroxide solution in this experiment?

Apakah fungsi larutan natrium hidroksida dalam eksperimen ini?
[1 mark]

(iii)

Explain the observations for the reaction occurred in Section G and

Section H. Name the products formed in every section.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Section G and Section
H.
Terangkan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di Bahagian G
dan Bahagian H. Namakan hasil yang terbentuk dalam setiap
bahagian.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di
BahagianG dan Bahagian H.
[8 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

14

CHEMICAL BOND
IKATAN KIMIA
8

(a)

Atoms of both sodium and chlorine are unstable. They react to form an ionic
compound which is more stable. Diagram 8.1 shows a sodium chloride
compound, NaCl that is produced by the formation of an ionic bond between a
sodium ion, Na+ and a chloride ion, Cl-.
Atom natrium dan atom klorin tidak stabil. Kedua-dua atom itu bertindak balas
untuk membentuk sebatian ion yang lebih stabil. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan
sebatian natrium klorida, NaCl, yang terhasil akibat akibat ikatan ion yang
terbentuk antara ion natrium dan ion klorida.

Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
(i)

How are a sodium ion and a chloride ion formed from their respective
atoms?
Bagaimana satu ion natrium dan ion klorida terbentuk daripada atom
masing-masing?
Sodium ion
Ion natrium : ..
Chloride ion
Ion klorida :
[2 marks]

(ii)

Name the force that exists between those ions in the compound.
Namakan daya yang wujud antara kedua-dua ion dalam sebatian itu.
.
[1 mark]

(iii)

The melting point of sodium chloride, NaCl, is 801 oC and its boiling point is
1413oC. What will happen to the ions in this compound at 900 oC?
Takat lebur natrium klorida, NaCl, ialah 801 oC dan takat didihnya ialah
1431 oC. Apakah yang berlaku kepada ion-ion dalam sebatian ini pada
suhu 900 oC.
.
[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

(iv)

15

Give one reason for your answer in (a) (iii).

Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (a) (iii).
.
[1 mark]

(b)

Diagram 8.2 shows the proton number and the nucleon number for two elements,
X and Y. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan nombor proton dan nombor nukleon bagi dua unsur X dan
Y. Huruf yang digunakan tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur berkenaan.

16

X
4

Y
8

Diagram / Rajah 8.2

Draw a diagram to show the bonding formed between elements X and Y.
Lukis rajah untuk menunjukkan ikatan yang terbentuk antara unsur X dan Y.

[3 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

16

Table 9 shows the proton number of three elements X, Y and Z. The letters used do not
represent the actual symbols of elements.
Jadual 9 menunujukkan nombor proton bagi tiga unsur X, Y dan Z. Huruf yang
digunakan tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur-unsur tersebut.

Element
Unsur

Proton number
Nombor proton

12

17
Table / Jadual 9

(a)

Write the electron arrangement of:

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi:
Atom Y :
Atom Y : ...
The ion of atom Z :
Ion bagi atom Z : ....
[2 marks]

(b)

Write the formula of the compound formed between elements Y and Z.

Tuliskan formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur Y dan Z.
.......
[1 mark]

(c)

Elements X reacts with element Z to form a covalent compound with formula XZ4.
State two physical properties of the covalent compound formed.
Unsur X bertindak balas dengan unsur Z untuk membentuk satu sebatian
kovalen dengan formula XZ4.
Nyatakan dua sifat fizik bagi sebatian kovalen yang terbentuk.
.......
.......
[2 marks]

(d)

Draw the electron arrangement of the compound XZ4.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian XZ4.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

17
[2 marks]

10

Diagram 10 shows the diagram of electron arrangement of a molecule PQ2.

These letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan gambar rajah susunan elektron bagi molekul PQ2.
Huruf ini bukanlah simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur tersebut.

Diagram / Rajah 10
Based on Diagram 10;
Write the electron arrangement for atoms of element P and element Q.
Explain the position of element Q in Periodic Table of the Elements.
Berdasarkan Rajah 10;
Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur P dan Q.
Terangkan kedudukan unsur Q dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
[6 marks]
11

Table 11 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X and Y.

These letters are not the actual symbols of elements.
Jadual 11 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom W, X dan Y.
Huruf ini bukanlah simbol sebenar bagi unsur tersebut.

Element
Unsur

Electron arrangement
Susunan elektron

2.4

2.8.7

2.8.8.2
Table / Jadual 11

Using the information in Table 11, explain how two compounds can be formed from
these elements based on their electron arrangements. The two compounds should
have different type of bonds.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

18

Dengan menggunakan Jadual 11, terangkan bagaimana dua sebatian boleh

terbentuk daripada atom-atom ini berdasarkan susunan elektronnya. Dua sebatian
tersebut mestilah mempunyai jenis ikatan yang berlainan.
[13 marks]
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ELEKTROKIMIA
12

Diagram 12 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm-3
sodium sulphate solution using carbon electrodes.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan natrium
sulfat 1.0 mol dm-3 menggunakan elektrod-elektrod karbon.

Carbon electrode Y
Elektrod karbon Y

Carbon electrode X
Elektrod karbon X

1.0 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution

Larutan natrium sulfat 1.0 mol dm-3
A
Diagram / Rajah 12

(a) Write the formulae of all the ions present in the electrolyte.
Tuliskan formula bagi semua ion yang hadir dalam elektrolit itu.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Write the formulae of the ions which moved to the electrode X.
Tuliskan formula ion yang bergerak ke elektrod X.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) State the name of the gas collected in the test tube at the electrode X.
Nyatakan nama gas yang terkumpul dalam tabung uji pada elektrod X.
........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)

Explain your answer in (c) (i) in term of selective discharge of ions.

Terangkan jawapan anda di (c) (i) dari segi pemilihan ion untuk didiscas.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

(iii)

19

Write the half equation for the reaction at the electrode X

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod X.
..........................
.
[2 marks]

(iv)

Describe a chemical test to confirm the gas in (c) (i).

.
Huraikan ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan gas di (c) (i).
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(d) (i) State the name of the gas collected in the test tube at the electrode Y.
Nyatakan nama gas yang terkumpul dalam tabung uji di elektrod Y.
.....
[1 mark]
(ii)

Explain your answer in (d) (i) in term of selective discharge of ions.

Terangkan jawapan anda di (d) (i) dari segi pemilihan ion yang didiscas.
........................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(e) Ahmad discovers his key which is made up of iron has rusted. By using the
knowledge on electrolysis, describe briefly how he can solve the problem.
Ahmad mendapati anak kuncinya diperbuat daripada besi telah berkarat.
Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang elektrolisis, huraikan secara ringkas
bagaimanakah beliau dapat menyelesaikan masalah tersebut.
...
...
...
...
[3 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

20

ACID AND BASES

ASID DAN BES
13

8 g of solid sodium hydroxide, NaOH is dissolved in distilled water to produce a solution

of 1000 cm3.
The NaOH solution produced has the concentration of 8 g dm-3 and the molarity of
0.2 mol dm-3.
8 g pepejal natrium hidroksida, NaOH dilarutkan dalam air suling untuk menghasilkan
larutan yang mempunyai isipadu 1000 cm3.
Larutan NaOH yang terhasil mempunyai kepekatan 8 g dm-3 dan kemolaran
0.2 mol dm-3.
(a) State the meaning of the concentration for the solution produced.
Nyatakan maksud kepekatan bagi larutan yang terhasil.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State the meaning of the molarity for the solution produced.
Nyatakan maksud kemolaran bagi larutan yang terhasil.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of mole
(n), molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution.
Tulis rumus yang mewakili hubungan antara bilangan mol (n), kemolaran (M) dan
isipadu (V) bagi larutan tersebut.

[1 mark]
(d) Substitute the actual values of the number of mole, molarity and volume of the
NaOH solution into the formula in (c).
Gantikan nilai-nilai sebenar bagi bilangan mol, kemolaran dan isipadu larutan
NaOH itu ke dalam rumus di (c).

[1 mark]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

14

21

Diagram 14 shows the apparatus set-up for the titration of 25.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3
sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution with dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl using
phenolphthalein as an indicator.
Rajah 14 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pentitratanantara 25.0 cm3 larutan natrium
hidroksida, NaOH 0.1 mol dm-3 dengan asid hidroklorik cair, HCl menggunakan
fenolftalein sebagai penunjuk.

Dilute hydrochloric acid

Asid hidroklorik cair

25.0 cm3 sodium hydroxide solution

+ phenolphthalein
25.0 cm3larutan natrium hidroksida
+ fenolftalein
Diagram / Rajah 14

(a) Name the type of reaction that occurs in the conical flask.
Namakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku dalam kelalang kon.
..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (a).
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas di (a).
..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c) State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask when the end point of
titration is reached.
Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan dalam kelalang kon itu apabila takat
akhir pentitratan dicapai.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) 20.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise completely the sodium
hydroxide solution in the conical flask.
Calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric acid.
20.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik diperlukan untuk meneutralkan dengan lengkap larutan
natrium hidroksida dalam kelalang kon itu.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

22

Hitung kemolaran asid hidroklorik itu.

[2 marks]
SALTS
GARAM
15

Diagram 15 shows the conversion of salt starting from solid of lead(II) carbonate.
Rajah 15 menunjukkan penukaran ke atas garam bermula dengan pepejal plumbum(II)
karbonat.
Process / Proses 1 Solid S
Solid PbCO3
+
Gas Q
Pepejal PbCO3
Pepejal S
Heat
Panaskan
Process / Proses II
Add acid X
Tambah asid X
Pb(NO3)2 solution
Larutan Pb(NO3)2
Process / Proses III
Add sodium sulphate solution
Tambah larutan natrium sulfat
Solid S and solution T
Pepejal S dan larutan T
Diagram / Rajah 15

Based on Diagram 15;

Berdasarkan Rajah 15;
(a) Write a chemical formula of
Tulis formula kimia bagi

Solid S
Pepejal S

Acid X
Asid X

[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

23

(b) Classify lead(II) carbonate and lead(II) nitrate salt into soluble and insoluble salt.
Kelaskan plumbum(II) karbonat dan plumbum(II) nitrat kepada garam larut dan
garam tak larut.

Soluble salt
Garam larut

Insoluble salt
Garam tak larut

[2 marks]
(c) State an observation when gas Q is passed through into lime water
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian bila gas Q dialirkan ke dalam air kapur.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Write a chemical equation for the reaction occurs in Process II.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam Proses II.
.................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(e) Based on Process III ,
Berdasarkan Proses III,
(i)

State the name for the types of reaction occurs.

Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku.
........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Write an ionic equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.
........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii)

Draw the diagram for the set up of apparatus used in experiment used to
separate solid S and solution T.
Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen
untuk mengasingkan pepejal S dan larutan T.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

16

24

[2 marks]
Diagram 16 shows the flow chart for the chemical changes that occurs to salt P.
Rajah 16 menunjukkan carta alir bagi perubahan-perubahan kimia yang berlaku kepada
garam P.

Process I
Q

ZnO + CO2

Process II

ZnSO4 + H2O

Proses II

Proses I
Diagram / Rajah 16

Based on the Diagram 16;

Berdasarkan Rajah 16;
(a)

Draw a diagram to show the set-up of apparatus to carry out Process I.

In your diagram, show how to test the carbon dioxide gas released.
Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas untuk menjalankan Proses I.
Dalam gambar rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana anda menguji gas karbon dioksida
yang terbebas.

[2 marks]
(b)

State the name of salt Q.

Nyatakan nama bagi garam Q.
............
[1 mark]

(c)

State the colour of zinc oxide, ZnO during Process I.

Nyatakan warna bagi zink oksida, ZnO semasa Proses I.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

Hot
Panas

25
Cold
Sejuk

[2 marks]
(d)

In Process II; zinc oxide, ZnO is dissolved in an acid.

Dalam Proses II; zink oksida, ZnO dilarutkan dalam suatu asid.
(i)

State the name of the acid used.

Nyatakan nama bagi asid yang digunakan.
..............
[1 mark]

(ii)

Write chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
..............
[2 marks]

(e)

Describe a chemical test to verify the presence of the anion in zinc nitrate.
Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan kehadiran kation dalam zink nitrat.
................
................
................
[3 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

26

MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

BAHAN BUATAN DALAM INDUSTRI
17

Diagram 17 shows an industrial preparation of compound Y from the product of Contact

Process and Haber Process.
Rajah 17 menunjukkan penyediaan sebatian Y secara industri daripada hasil Proses
Sentuh dan Proses Haber.

Contact Process
Proses Sentuh

Compound X
Sebatian X
Compound Z
Sebatian Z

Haber Process
Proses Haber

Compound Y
Sebatian Y

Diagram / Rajah 18

(a)

State the name of substance X and substance Y.

Nyatakan nama bahan X dan bahan Y.
X : .........
Y : .........
[2 marks]

(b) Write the formula of compound Z.

Tuliskan formula bagi sebatian Z.
.......
[1 mark]
(c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between substance X and substance Y.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara bahan X dan bahan Y.
...
[2 marks]
(d)

State one use of compound Z in agriculture field.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

27

Nyatakan satu kegunaan compound Z dalam bidang pertanian.

[1 mark]

(e)

Sulphur dioxide, SO2 is one of the by-products of the Contact Process. It can
cause environmental pollution like acid rain. State one effects of acid rain to the
environment.
Sulfur dioksida, SO2 merupakan satu daripada hasil Proses Sentuh yang boleh
menyebabkan pencemaran alam sekitar seperti hujan asid. Nyatakan satu kesan
hujan asid kepada alam sekitar.
...
[1 mark]

(f)

Urea, (NH4)2CO and compound Y are two types of fertilizer.

Urea, (NH4)2CO dan sebatian Y merupakan dua jenis baja.
(i)

Calculate the percentage of nitrogen by mass in both fertilizers.

[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; C = 12 ; N = 14 ; O = 16 ; S = 32]
Hitungkan peratus nitrogen mengikut jisim dalam kedua-dua baja tersebut.
[Jisim atom relatif : H = 1 ; C = 12 ; N = 14 ; O = 16 ; S = 32]

[2 marks]
(ii)

Which substance is a better fertilizer for the growth of plants?

Explain your answer.
Bahan manakah merupakan baja yang lebih baik untuk pertumbuhan
tumbuhan?Jelaskan jawapan anda.
......
......
[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

28

RATE OF REACTION
KADAR TINDAKBALAS

18 Two experiments are carried out to investigate the factors that affect the rate of
reaction. Table 18 shows the information of each experiment.
Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi
kadar suatu tindak balas. Jadual 18 menunjukkan maklumat setiap eksperimen.

Experiment
Eksperime
n

Reactants
Bahan-bahan tindak balas

Temperature (oC)
Suhu (oC )

Volume of gas
collected at 60
second (cm3)
Isi padu gas yang
dikumpulkan pada
60 saat (cm3)

Zinc (excess) and 25 cm3 of 1.0

mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl
Set I

Zink (berlebihan) dan 25 cm3

asid hidroklorik , HCl 1.0 mol
dm-3
Zinc (excess) and 25 cm3 of 1.0
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl

30

20.0

Set II

Zink (berlebihan) dan 25 cm3

asid hidroklorik , HCl 1.0 mol
dm-3

40

32.0

Table / Jadual 18
(a
)

What is the factor that affects the rate of reaction in both experiments?
Apakah faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam kedua-dua
eksperimen?

[1 mark]

(b
)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

..
[2mark]

(c) Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiments in Set I and Set II.
KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

29

Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen dalam Set I dan
Set II.

[2marks]
(d
)

Sketch the graph of the volume of gas collected against time for Set I and Set II
on the same axes.
Lakarkan graf isi padu gas yang dikumpulkan melawan masa untuk set I dan II
pada paksi yang sama.

[2marks]
(e
)

(i)

(ii)

Compare the rate of reaction between experiments of Set I and Set II.
Bandingkan kadar tindak balas di antara eksperimen Set I dan Set II.

.
[1mark]
Explain your answer in (e) (i) using collision theory.
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (e) (i) menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

30

.
[3 marks]

1
9

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on rate

of reaction as shown in Diagram 19.1.
5 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid is added to 50 cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of
sodium thiosulphate solution at different temperature. The time taken for a fixed
quantity of sulphur produced was recorded as shown in Table 19.2.
Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kadar
tindak balas seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 19.1.
5 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2.0 mol dm3 ditambah kepada 50 cm3 larutan natrium
tiosulfat 0.1 mol dm3 pada suhu yang berlainan. Masa yang diambil untuk
suatu kuantiti tetap sulfur dihasilkan dicatatkan seperti dalam Jadual 19.2.
Thermometer
Termometer

50 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution

50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 0.1 mol dm-3

Diagram / Rajah 19.1

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

Set

Temperature / 0C
Suhu / 0C

Time, t / s
Masa / s

28

33

II

35

24

III

40

19

IV

45

16

50

14

31
1/ time / s-1
1/masa / s-1

Table / Jadual 19.2

(a
)

Suggest how you would determine that a fixed quantity of sulphur is produced'
in this experiment.
Cadangkan bagaimana anda dapat menentukan kuantiti sulfur yang tetap
telah dihasilkan dalam eksperimen ini.
..............................................................................................................................
............
..............................................................................................................................
............
[2 marks]

(b
)

Based on your answer in (a), define the rate of reaction.

Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (a), takrifkan kadar tindak balas.
...............................................................................................................................
............
[1 mark]

(c
)

(i)

Complete the value of 1/ time in Table 19.2.

Lengkapkan nilai 1/masa dalam Jadual 19.2.
mark]

[1

(ii) Draw a graph of temperature against 1/time on the graph paper provided.
Lukiskan graf suhu melawan 1/masa pada atas kertas graf yang
dibekalkan.
[3 marks]
(d
)

(i)

Based on the graph, state the relationship between rate of reaction and
temperature.
Berdasarkan graf, nyatakan hubungan antara kadar tindak balas dengan
suhu.
.......................................................................................................................
..........

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

32

.......................................................................................................................
..........
[1 mark]
(ii)

Explain your answer in (d) (i) using the collision theory.

Terangkan jawapan anda di (d) (i) menggunakan teori perlanggaran.
.......................................................................................................................
..........
.......................................................................................................................
..........
.......................................................................................................................
..........
.......................................................................................................................
..........
[2 marks]

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

2
0

33

(a
)

Food can be cooked faster when smaller pieces of charcoal are used
compared to bigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.
Makanan akan lebih cepat masak apabila menggunakan arang yang bersaiz
kecil berbanding arang bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.
[4
marks]

(b
)

A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors

affecting the rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and zinc.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktorfaktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara asid sulfurik dan zink.
Table 20 shows the results of the experiments.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric

50 cm3 ofacid
0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
50 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol50
dm-3
cm3 asid sulfurik 0.5 mol dm-3

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

34

Jadual 20 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.

Experiment
Eksperimen

II

III

Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen

Set-up of 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid

apparatus 50 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3
Susunan radas

Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen

Time taken to
collect 40cm3
of hydrogen
gas / s
Masa yang
diambil untuk
mengumpulka
n 40 cm3 gas
hidrogen / s

Hydrogen gas
Gas hidrogen

80

160

240

Zinc granules
Ketulan zink

Table / Jadual 20
(i)

Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment II.

Hitungkan
kadar
tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen II.
Zinc
powder
Serbuk zink

[1 mark]

Zinc granules
Ketulan zink

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric
acid.
Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced in Experiment
III.
[1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm 3 at room temperature and
pressure]
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid
sulfurik.

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM

Modul 1 BK3-Intervensi Aras Sederhana

35

Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil dalam

Eksperimen III.
[1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan
bilik]
[5 marks]
(iii) Based on Table 20, compare the rate of reaction between:
Berdasarkan Jadual 20 bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara:

Experiment I and Experiment II

Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II

Experiment II and Experiment III

Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen III

In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference
to the Collision Theory.
Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan
merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran.
[10 marks]

END OF MODULE

KIMIA SPM 2014

AKRAM