Sign List Listed below are the hieroglyphic signs most often found in Middle Egyptian texts, arranged into 27 groups on the basis of what they depict. The selection and order are those most commonly used by Egyptologists, based on the list in Gardiner’s Eeyprian Grammar, with some additional signs.’ Each sign is identified as to what it depicts (as far 2s possible) and its uses, whether phonogram, ideogram, ‘or determinative, arranged in order of frequency; words in SMALL CAPITALS indicate the clas of ‘words with which a sign is used as determinative. At the end of the sign lis is a supplemental lst of signs arranged by shape. Human Beings, Male sexed man Phonogam js sufix pronouy). Deteaninative MAN; ao in 1x pronoun ink, uj, Ji. Weogram for 2a” ors “companion” Wik Br and ‘lal waokey, determinative PEOPLE ad ideoram for rm “people” 4 ) 2 2) manwith hand to mouth Variants Jl (AG), |} (A8)). Determinative SPEAK, THINK, EAT, DRINK, and for emotions such 36 LOVE and HATE Nf 4 BP man sitting on heel Determinative str. 4 SE munvih nds oied ——Deemintve WORSE abo HDF or A) 5S mantiding ishing wall -Deeminsve 6 BL mews Vesa fe, 7 BN Signed nan ‘Determinative WEARY, WEAK, SOFT. Bi man pernmingim een in “oilion™ Be . 9 2) manwith baket on head Variant $) (Ans) in fh: Detemminative LOAD, CARRY, WORK. Tdeo- pn rp ond” "cy ede” 10 EEE nan wih on Determine SL, ROW. 1 BE nan with scepter and crook Determinative FRIEND. 12 saier Determinatve SOLDIER. IMeogram with plural strokes for mi “expedi- : nay ey” 13 prone Determintve ENEMY. [A numberof sign that Gardiner placed in category Aa ("Uncasied”) have since been idensied. The sig Rt3 is incaded asa separate entry in G, The supplemental ign Rér is sted nde [as wells R, and Y1o under M swell at ¥. Additional signs are numbered, where posible, afer the ist ia N. Grima, J Hallof and D. van der Phas, oh, Hloeglphice (Publicarions intruniverstsires de recherches gyptolgiquesinformacisées, 1: Utrecht, ‘Centre for Computer-sided Egyptclogieal Research, Uecht University, 1993). Sach sigs ze placed where they ‘belong in each aroun eather than in their numerical poston: thus, for example, A359 afer A28. 423434 16 PQ, wounded min 16 9S man ing 6 dy, ‘man bowing Baas 6 ita wit Red Con 19 BD ett wi sat 20 [2 tdman with bed sat a TD aignitay sratve on base ing man sig an king rman threatening san beckoning 2B man cunning 26 F excited man 359 7 man with arms clasped y 29° fly man upside down, se Amman wonkipping ? a1 Ban stunning 32 FP nandancing * a2 man with wick and bundle a4 2 man pounding rr 35 TED manbuiling 2 wall a WD maninvr 28 BS sna with sw aires SIGN ust < Variant 7 (Ata). Determinative Di, ENEMY, Variant «dr (Ag7) Determinative FALL, De, Ideogram for br “ll Determinstive 20, ah Variant 3 (A173). Determinative CHD, YOUNG in berate ao SIT (fer As). Ldeogram for fd “cil” Phonograzn maj “cil” in nowt "Herakleopais” Determinative cHLD-KING. Determinative OLD, DISTINGUISHED. Ldeogram for jBw “old” maw cles” wr “great, chic" Phonogram jk in jky “ranee™ (om 3k “age In hicestc sometimes for Aas ‘Variant of ast. Determinatve in am “elder also ideogratn for same. DDeterminative DIGNITARY. Ideogram for “oficial” Ako a varane of ‘Att and Az, In hieroglyphic noe abayedstngithable Born A190 Determinativ STATUE. The form ofen vate. Determinative KING eveniave FORCE, EFFORT Meng rn "vor Decisive in jie” ten £73 ening the pong) Deecmintve NE OF 5 sat 4} (A366, Decminaive CALL. Ido fr j “ol” and aes Phonon jinn "by” (fom a "eager, Deserve HGH ov, MOURN, FRUSTRATION. Deteminative in fj “exe Abo rare variant of AX (man pointing 0 himset. Deterinaive INVER. Determinative WORSHIP, RESPECT Detenninative TURN AA. Determinative DANE Vasant” (A186), Decisive in mnie “ema” ho opr foram, Deteminative WANDER, STRANGER. Determinaive in us “pound, cores Determinative in 44 "bil lo ideogram for sue Veriane 2} (A36). Deterninative in fj “brewer” alo idcogram for Vaca FR ae with wo gai. om a 49 Qi")4s ” “ » © s SION LIST 435 seated god Determinative GoD, KING. Varian of AL for 1 pronoun sehen the speaker it god or the king sexed king Variane “1 (Aga). Determinative KiNG, Variant of AL for 1 pronouns when the speaker isthe king ing with White Crowm Variant AY (Aq4). Determinative of mut “king,” ako ideogram for ing with Red Crown shepherd vated seated man with ile foceigner wich tick noble on chair same, Deterinative of usr “Osiris” Variant AY (A46). Determinatve of ij “king of Lower Egypt alto sdeogra forse, Determinative in =v “guard” ako ideogram for same, Ieogran for nn herdsman” Sometimes variant of Ags Phonogram jin the nise ji ‘pertining to" Determinative FOREIGNER, Determinitive DIGNITARY, DECEASED. Variant of As for 1s pronouns When the speakers deceased. Alo vtint of Ast noble on chair, with fail Determinative in fps “noble” abo idcogrin for sme, Determine seated noble with Bait mummy sanding rary recumbent ‘mummy on bed seated woman pregnant woman ‘woman giving bith ‘woman nursing use with child seated queen sod with sans ibicheaded sambeaded Determimaive DIGNITARY, DECEASED. Determinative MUMMY, STATUE, LIKENESS, FORM. Ideogrum for tut "likeness, 2305" Determimative DEAD. Determinative LIE, EAD. Meogram for sr “le down'" The sammy is sometimes replaced by aman when wed in/fr sf "ie dow” B. Human Beings, Female Vsat{ (02). Deerminatve HMALE Racy vain of At when the speakers female Determiative a Vein {} (0. Desrmitve in my “pve bith” so Wear oe Determinaive in mn “nase Determine in un “ner ter Determinative in queen names, C. Anthropomorphic Gods Vare YS (Gkom-headed, C3), Decominave in Rey" ao ideo pam forse Desermisie in hut "Thoth" ho deogam for me vast (69, Deere in Kann iden re426 8 rs 6 19 FE Cetiachipie. Tas oi! mh @ N cAMPB PE HP Jckalshended Sethaninal-headed Min Gare sodden with homed dk goddess wih eather beGge Amun Bguce Mone figure Tajenen gre Pah figure SIGN LIST Determinative in jnpw “Anubis” and wpzut “Wepwawer” ao ideo- am for sme Detcrsinativ in sth “Sh so ideo for same Dectrminativ in mm “Min,” ideogram fr same. Determinatve in ut-he“Hathon” alo ideogram fe same Vasa Yf (cron, (175), Deteminave nmi Ma” ge des) sh ideogam sme. "ogram for “milion (§ 9.1" and "He god supporting the sky) Determinatv in jam “Amen” ao ideogrm for ame. Deterninative in mn“ Mot” sho ideopram for sme Determinaive in 1-0 “T-sjene,” alo idcogram for ame. veut E] (C20, Deminsve in oh "Peh so deg oe we, D. Parts of the Human Body eye with pane 0 eyes ye with pine ‘ye enclored ove weeping ye with leon makings pact of Bro part of Dro pact of Dro part of Dro part of Dio part of Dio Dis + Die Sc in profile ogra for p and 4342 “head” Phonogram tp in pj “rk” Detecnic tive HEAD. ieogeam for br ce” Phonogram fy Determinative HAM, SKIN, COLOR: ako words asiociated with haie BALD, MOURN, WIDOW. Meogram for ui nisting’” Phonogram jr. Determinative for actions suacated with the eye. deo= sam for jr “eye” Varints 2 (D6) and So (D7), Determinative for actions asociated sth the eye Detenminative inp “see, look,” ako ideogram for same DDetermimitive ADORN. Also determinative in Sy “beaut” and “nie “Tura” (quay neat Caro), fiom the Semitic root Sp “eye”™ aint of D7 as determinative in“ "beat" and Sm “Tura” Determinative in mj weep abo idcogram for sane ‘Determinative in wit "Sound Eye (of Hor)” ako idzogrm for sme eogram for Ys beast 6 9.7.3). Weogram for % hegat(§ 97.2). Aso determinative in ff “pupil” and im32"see? the later as vanant of Dy. copra for 8 hegat(§ 917.3). Alo determinative EYEBROW. eogram for Yi begat (6 9:73) dogram for Ya begat (§ 9:7.) aeogram for eqn (69:73) Determinuiv of “image,” avo ieogram forme. Determinative in md ear” lo idcogram for same, Variant (© (D20). Determinative NOSE, FACE, and asocited scons eeogram for fad “nose” Phonogram ft. In hiettc not always sine ‘uishable fom Usx or Aasa,1st 2 36 36 a 8 » nts south mouth plus water mouth plas 2 sroker mouth plus 3 strokes lip with teeth to lips and eet lips and water breast wo sem ad tail oo arms embracing D5 plas U36 ams and oar sms with shield anid mace sestuce of negation forearm forearm foreaem with water forest with XB forearm with bread forearm with pot 04s + Ds foearn with ick forearm with pal down forearm with palm down forearm with il freaem with repter ovesem with beh hand Ind with water hand Iran without dumb on Singer SIGN LIST “7 -Phonogram rIdeogram for “mouth” Determinative in fis “breaks” abo ideopram for same. eoggarn for uj 698) ogra for bmi % (690. ‘Vasant ~~ (D242). Determinative in sp lip” aso ideogeam for same, Sometimes in error for Fa Determine in ‘ipa? alo degen for sme Determiaive ST, SPE. Variant J (Daya. Determintive BREAST, NURSE. Ldcogram fr nd Phonogem K. Koga fork "a" (aint FY Ds. Deserve in nb “Anne f Ka" (08). ‘arian () in berate, Determinative EMBRACE, OPEN, ‘asin EY. tdcogram foe fms “kaservant” (mortuary pres) Phonogram fi (fom by “ow. Variant (2 (B34). 1deogram for 2 “ght” ogra for nj “not” and phonogram nj or (§ 8:26), especially in am “not jw oF tin jut “that noe” and jut which na” (129, 26.29) Deterninative NEGATION. Phonogram Ideogrm for‘ “ann, hand Often variant for D374 ogra fc‘ “arms, hand” Dterminative in “wah,” alo ideogram for same -Phonogram din forms of rj “sve” Abo variant of D38 Phonogramn mj or m. Deterinative inva!” 6 16.2.3). Determinative OFFER, Sometimes variant of D373. Ieogram for fp “ceccve” Determinatve FORCE, EMFORT. Ideogram for hj “meature, evaluate” Rarely variant of D37. Determinstive ARM and actions sociated with the arm or hand. Ideo- gam rm “shoulder” Phonogea Determinaive in mh “eubi” (6 9.7.2), abo ideogram for same. Phonogram bw. Deterinative in frp “manage” alo ieogram for sre. Variant 7 (D251). Determinaive in dr “sacred, clear away, ease the am" deogear for se Phonograss 4 Keogram for ft “hand” eogram fo jdt “ngrance” Determinaive of dt "hand when spelled with phonograms deogram for Ep “palm” (§ 9:7.) Determinative GRAS. Ieogram for dB° “Eng” and (8° "0,000" (§ 9.1}. When doubled ‘determinative ACCURATE.438 29 6 7 6 9 166 ™ 176 at w finger penis penis with id testicles pebisand vals valking les legs walking backward eg, Teg with knife foot D36 + Dst Dst + Wise solized tes ull bls ‘vo bal joined bol tie for slaughter bal hanging elf sacred cow cow and elf donkey kid newborn buble Pie SIGN List DDeterminative for actions asocinted with the Singer: ij "measure 6) "takes" dar “press” Deteminaaive in “nt “Singers,” also ieogeam for samme. Detenninative FRUIT, FLOWER, alo ideogram for dqnr “uit? Bu “four Determinative MALE. Phonograta m. With Er ideoyram fork “bul” Determinative PENIS and associated ations, alt MALE. Determinative of bah in m Bh “in the presence of” dr 83h “since” r 62h “before” ao ieogam forse. Determinaive in raj “testicles” a ideogram forse, Phosogram fm. dcogram for jd “vuka, cow.” DDeterminative MOTION. Phonogram jin fom ofthe vb jj “ome” ogra fr nt “ate.” Determinaive REVERSE. Deterninatve FOOT and aswocated actions. Ldeogram for 1d “oot” Phonogam pi (Eom pd nee"), Ideogramn for w°¥? “dsteee™ (om, Fein", hy “excellent” Gomnsb “leg), gh "gual Determirative MUTICATE, Leogram for je “place of exection” and 8 cheater” (mj “so Phonogram b deogram for bu Phonogram “b ae, thing” Ideogram for ub “lean, pre Vann PER (D6a) and “Ll, (doy). Deteemieative in 13h “toe; hick, couch with he ako ogra se E. Mammals ‘Deterinative CATTLE. Meogram for ki “bul, "jw “cate,” Pll of Es Detezminaive in “go back and fri” Determieaive ry “daughter” lio ideoyram for sme, Meogram for KB bul” a offering. DDeterminative ins “wild bull” Ideogram foe? in knit “victorious boll” (epithet of he king) Determinative in bie “eal” and undo “shor-honned ate” Determinative in hat “cred cow” Determinative in 2m “solicits” Determiatve HORSE Loge or on “oe” Deteminave in orgaly 9) “donkey” Vaiant “5 (8. Phong jh Deeinntve GOAT. Phonon jv ‘Vacant “Fj (Er), Determinative SHEEP. Ideogsamn for 63 “cam” bm “hen” Determimaive ne. Deteeminaive in joj “eat”ts 0 ” » se a B u =P og (alu) \ cal ecumbest ia iat SEA jackal on standard Ju) ech aioal x tion 4 lon recumbent 12-90 lons joined panther of leopard hippopotamus lephant fy irate ons eval goat with collar buboon iA wonky Mead of head of charging bull, DL head of hippopotamus 2) orepar of ion head of bubais TS head of head of leopard head and neck of animal head and neck ofjackal ware ne) SIGN tis 429 Detemniaative 006. Variant Z\ (D16). Determinative in jnpwe “Anubis” abo ideogrsm for same, Ldeogram (D1 fo ie ost “mater of ees” Deerminatve in 23 "jackal dignity." ho ideogram for sme, vacant 2A (E19), Detesminave in upswdut “Pace of the Wit (Wepwawet) sho ieogram for same. Vasint 3] (Eat), Wdeogram for s/t “Seth” Determinative TUR- ‘Mott, CHAOS. In hieateofen for Ey and ay. etermniative in jon alo ideogram foe se, Phonogeam nu (fom rw “ion") In hiestic offen for Urs, Deternative in 3 “Morizon (god),” alo ideograt for same, Determinativ in 3y “panther, leopard” lo ideogram fo see. Determinative HIFPOFOTAMUS. Determinatve in 3hw “elephant” Ideogram for by “Elephantne” (in modern Asvan) Determizaive in “foretell Detersinatve in mj tafe” alo ideo ‘gam forme Determinaive in mb “oxy.” Determinative in gh “zl Determinative in 9, mb, nde “ibe” Determioative in F "privilege" also ideogram for sme, Determinative BABOON, MONKEY, FURIOWS, Determinative in i“ monkey Phonograr a F. Parts of Mammals Variant 2 (Fos) Meogram for k3 “eat” Gn ofeing forms) Determinative in dad “rage.” DDeterminative in 3 “power” and 5 “momen sho idcogram for ate, ogra for fit “Eont” and related words “ Vasant *& (66, Deerminaivein “sil” and reed word lo Sdeogram for same, Determinative in 3 “prayer” and tnt “pylon.” Variant > (F8). Deterninative in i “worth” (Eom “ram's head"), ali ideogram forte, terminate in pach” a idcogram fr sue (offen doubled) Vacant) (Fe) Determiative NECK, THROAT and elted actions. Phonon sr Phonoyam up. ESeogram fr wpt “brow” For 9! sce Ou.430 4 ” a 4s “ so $ # F Ja $i fa Fy +My horn Fre + Ws sk Jone of ox tongue xr of bovine hindquarcers offline loreeg of oe leg and hoof of oaskin cowskin comskin cowskin with cro ‘watersin thee oxcskine animals belly snd udder el beset heart and windpipe lung nd windpipe spine and sibs spine and spinal cord spine and spinal cord vertebrae sb ibe join of meat Say + Fas SIGN LIST Vacant YAY (5). deogram fo uptnp “Opening ofthe Yee" ew Yar honogam 4, Deterintive HORN, ab idem fr ae Decisive in bu“ ao eogn fe Decisive TOOTH and socked ations. Phanopans Onde Deserve in wor wah oo Deserve in honogam mi Deermintve fr acon soci with he ong eogam om "engi and "ovenee” 89, Sometines fr fa Phonogans idm and fn Deseminave EAR and sce sons Mog mtn el eae Phonon ph: Descminie END, BOTTOM coger pj“ secret” on 48 es Varant (Ep. Detect in Ip song ay fr” sko iogam for ume: Deter bie “Frey (Una Nise) Phong uhm eon fr w/t oak Phono be ogra rt "hide kin” Determinative HIDE, MAMMAL. Sometimes for No. Phonogram sin 526 “dappled” Sontties for U2), Determinative of “shoot” ao ideogram for same, Phonogra s Phonoyrar Phonogram Phonogram b Mdeogram in ht “belly, body Determinaive in 2d “il io ideopram for same [eoggam fr jb “eae” Deteainative in 3 “heart” Phonorram af Phonogrm 2m ‘Varian WB, (F38), 4% (Fa7b), Determinative BACK. Ideogram for j3t “hack” Sometime for Mat Determinative in jz} “honor” (Es 21), slo ideoyram for same, De- ‘erminative in 3 “spinal cord" ako ideogram for same. Oceasionlly for Fy7 as determinative, Phonogram Su Variant of ¥1e. Determinative inp back” Phonogram spr. Determinative ia pr “nh so ideogram for sine. DDetezninaive in pt “sibs Determinative in jv “hese” and related word, alo ideogram for same. Phonogram jv. Determinative in ju “fer” st bia" Determinative inj vu, cov” lo idcopram for same. asians => (F47), SE (P48), SSE (Fy). Determinative MIDST, ‘TUR INTESTINE. Determinative in ub shore” (om en). Phonogram sp.sn piece of mest Egypsin vleure 0 vultures uta burrrd S leon Slcon with Bil, Seon on standard ‘leon on standard falcon in boat Gs tsi ‘eon with sandisk ‘leon in Sokar back | leon image falcon image with plames vole ware on basket ere wath Grats owl vo owls { Grp+Dy6 pines-fowd hhoopoe Iipring, > erened iit SIGN List ar ®, Sus C7 Determinatve FLESH. Weogram fork “vagina” and (ciple) bw "body Phonogram jin jt “a and ws in wy “Ori in some Coin Text Determinative in fo “excrement” G. Birds Phonogam 3. Often dingeisable fom Ge only by Hater head. Phonogeam 32 Phong mz Variant 2 (Gas). Phonogram she Gy ofen dininguishable fom Gt only by rounder head eogram for a“Horus™ Determinaive in jk “Blcon” ‘Determinative DWINE. Alto varat of Az when the speaker is «god or the king. ogra or jt “Wes (ler frm of Ri) ‘Vacant BY (Gra. Mgr or “Nem ge. \deogeam fo bj ne “Gold Falcon” tide of the king: Esay 6) loge in -r-(3) "Re-Haabi” say 413, 16). Determinatve in ae “Slee” (a god) and “Sokar-bck” Vasant 5 ore Derermittve in spd “Sop (go). Icogram foe fe ny “Hons of Hierkonpoli” (G12), Determinaive in ‘hobo “idol” and tbe Phonogram mjvt/mjt/mut/m, most common in mat (jes) “mother” Determinative in wt "vue and worde with 008 mr ‘Decersinatve in nhbt “Nel” gute). Determinstive in mt (wit) "Mut (goddes), ho idcogram for seme [eogram for hy "Two Ladies eof the ings Ey 6). G17 + Ds). Phono mm. Phonogram mb. Mdeogram for nt “yuinea-fow” Often with body Uke Gr oF Gas, but with "horn and lppet of Gas Phonon dba “wick” ian 2; (Ga), termite in hy “jc ao eogam~ » B u as x6 ” ” » 9° st 8 yp gy ar Wf Wp wh Apel iy & ‘bison tandacd famingo lack bi jabins thee jairas heron heron on 3 perch mrt ‘stich forked svallow spares oon pinta! duck inal duck dying pial duck landing Sreened bird gual chick co qual chicks G43 + Ds6 Gatur > ducking kings in nes 00 lovers id and sh Died picking up sain hhuman-headed bid locked bird SIGN LIST Variant {> (G26), Ldeograr for dhutj “Thoth.” Determinatve in hp “ibis” Phonogram di “re” Deteminative in tr “Baminge.” Phonogram gm Phonogram 5. ogra for bw “impressvene” Determinative HERON. Determinative in bj “inundate” abo ideogram forse. Determinaive in 549/sd843“wemble” Deterinaive in i “nsch Phonogram % Phonogram wr Deterinaive in mnt “swallow” Determinative SMALL, HAD. Distinguthed fom G36 by the rounded a Phonogram gb in 38, gh “Geh" Determinative BIRD, INSECT. Variant ‘of G39 a phonogiam 23. Detrminatve in wf “discus.” waf “ile” wap “del.” he "pent, destoy” Phonogram 23. Determinaive in ar/rt/sjjt “pntail duck” Ofen isinguishable orn G38 only by more pointed ea Phonogram p2. Occasions variant of Gt. Phonogram 72, expecially in hie, Determinative in bj “lan, light and other words with fm. Deteciative in shuj “gather” and qmyt “gum” In combination with Trg, determinative i gm “throw” gm) create" and word with in Determinative in wS3 “ten” alo ieogram in same. Deterninative in 0 "oa Phonogram u:Kdeogram fw “chick” Phonogram ww Phonogram Phonogen miu Phonogram 1. Kleogram (2 “duckling” Variants Eby (G48), 222 (Gap). Determinaive in “nes” sho ‘ecg or me ogra for ry “washerman.” Determinaive in 3m “etch fish” Deterinaive in nm “fed” eogram for b “ba” Phonogram sn/nd. Deerminative i win “wring the neck of bids”head of duce head of crested bid head ofpoonbill head ofvltare (G14) wing feather dow es SIGN LIST 433 H. Parts of Birds cogram for pd “bird” in offering formu). Determinatve in ws "wring the neck of bid” Vasant of Hs Determinative in m3 “temple (f the head,” occasionally ako mi coarect, te, rea” Phonograms pq (variant of Ha), wim. Phonogram py For Gt4 as determinative in wt “vue” and word with root [eo pa for mt “people” Determieative WING and asocsted actions Variants 4 (Ha), |) (H6b). Phonograr J. Meogram fr fut “eath- ex" Determinative in m3"1"Mast™ (Essay 10), ao ideogram for ame Phonopgan 58 in 18 “Sat” (apace). Determinative in “law.” eogram for 22 “ton” in proper names. Deteinative in abt “emg” Determinative in pt “the elite I. Reptiles, Amphibians, and their Parts ecko sorte crorodile -rocoile on shrine crocodile with curved ail crocodile sale fog ‘adpote tomed viper cobea emblematic cobra two cobes erect cobra cobra on basket snake Phonogram ‘1, Determinativ LIZARD. Determinative in ij “ture” also ideogeam foe sme. Determinative CROCODILE, ACGRESSION. When doubled, ideogram for iy sovereign” 2 (Usn crocodile image), Determinative in sha “Sobek sb Seog fx me. ‘Detersinative in 134 "eee lo ideogram for sme, Phonogeam kn. Determinative FROG. deogram for ulm ‘nh “repeating ie” (epithet of decented), cog for bf 100,000" (§ 9.2). Determinative TADPOLE Phonogram f. Determinative in “Ether” Phonogrim d Determine in oy “desert border” au ideogam fr same, (161). Decerminaive in “urea and names of godess, Determinative in wit “Wade a oddes) and name of goddesses. Variant URE (1s). Determinative SNAKE, WORM. K. Fish and Parts of Fish Phoncgram ju. Determinative inj “bit” ‘Deterinative in bt “abomination,” SS Phonogeam “in =~ “d-mr “disuictadministetoe”™ Determinatve in “de “alee”+ oxythynchus pike fic wale Blows 1 TR scant beede bee or wasp y locust centipede 6S het 742 emblematic scorpion 1 wee 2 pane Be sick 41 svotpam branes Mg + Xr Mg + Dar Ma+Qu ‘pool with ie [ { £ Beg, 9) tn , = I j lity dons) bad 11 SE Aower on tem 12 Ly dona plane 131 papyras SIGN List PPhonogeam 42 deogram in ht “onythynehs.” Detersinatve in be “introduce” Detenminatve SH, FISHY, Variant ©. Deserminatve in nin “Ssh sale" io ideopram for sme. Determinasiv in pt angry L. Insects and Invertebrates Phonoyram bp Determinative in hye “sar bec,” ako ideogram for eeogran fo bt “bee hon nd bi "King of Lower Egypt” Determinative in “By Detetinative in 2nhm "oct eogram in sp8 “Sepa” (place neae Heliopolis). Determinaive in =p eanpede.” Phonogram fin Sut “offering table” ‘o Variant * (Lr). Determinative in st “Slket” (a godden), ao ideo ‘ram for same M. Vegetation Variant J (Ma, with Ms). Determinative TREE; ao in m*r “reas nate Phonogram jn’, offen with only Gr7 m a complement = (3) DDeterminatve PLANT. Phonogram ft. Detrminative in ja “light!” fe “ml” js “ol (from jew "reeds. Rarely for At a deierminative oF in 1s pronouns (fom j “reed”. Occasional variant of Tag Phonogam i. Deteminative WOOD. Ideogram for “wood, stick, twee, mast” Also vertically 2 determinative off “sek.” "eograt for mp “yea” and ft “regal year” (§ 9.9). Determinative ‘in mj “young” Determinaive TIME int “time, season” When dot ‘ed, ieograr fr if ast year” Determimative TIME in t“time, season,” lo ideogram fo same. Variant ofM. Determinative TIME intr “ime, season” alo ideogram for same, De ‘terminaive of ome rots ening in and Determinative in mp “young,” alo ideogeam for sane Phonogram 1. Meogram for Skt “inundation (Geason)” ( 98). Idea (gam for “pool, man" Determinative in 20 “iy (ots)." ao ideogram for sme, eterminative in we “ly ots) bud” Determinative in wd “dedicate, ofr” alo ideogram for same, Occa= ‘Sonal variant ofF46 a determinative in wy “howe Phonogram fz, Kdeogram for 82 “r.c00" 69.) and "ly Gots)" Vasant “PY tr, with 10). Phonogram w3f/u2d, abo w/a. Teo ‘gam for wid “papyrs column.”2 6 x» 2 a as 36 3 Yio “ a «hump of pyres with bods op OS chap of pp reed Mer + Dss ecnblem for orgs eld of reeds eed with rot uh sedge May + Aar Ma3 + Dar lowering sedge Ma6 + Va0 i } } Lk + * pod hizome pain sheaf of emmer heap of gain bundle of fax bundle of fax bundle often basket of fist or gain oe: bundle of eds piece of wood “jak ag PH apes ets TEL wine oc sive pre SIGN LIST ‘as Determinative for mbw “Delt” so ideogram for same, Detemintive PAPYRUS, SWAMP. Phonogram Zin ZH-jf “Chemis” (Dea own), Phonogram bi. Vasant of Mrs in mh “Delta” Phonogram j. When doubled, phonogrim y. Occasional variant of A Ideogram for “reed” Variant {\. Phonogeam jin forms of j “come.” Determine in “36 olf” ao ideogram for sume Determinaive inst “eld and sy "pesane” abo ideogram for same, (Occasional variant of Mar. Detereinsive ia am gra” ad om “help” Phonogram nb. When dovbled, phonogram me PPhovogram su. Meogram for mut “king” Ieogram for su “sedge” (Occasional variant of M24 and Maé, roam for rm “hing agence” Vannes) cog “ou varne FE" ata, with DIOL. Phonon im era for in “Nile Valley" (Uppes Es Lega in ie wr mb “ci fhe ef the Nie Vay” Phonogram nai “pean ‘Deverminatve in br “sweet alo ideogeam for sme asin ts) Determine in go” sho “rn Variants 2, «4. Meogram for ji “gain.” Determinative GRAIN. ‘deo fo ergy “erm” ao determinative fr sme Deserve HEA. Vain (M57). Phono dh: Deteriive in dn unde” Desesntiv in fw Ma” add “bade” Detemintve in “murderoanes” (om # “ct Deteminatve VEGETABLES Phonon Deterinatve WOOD, Phonogram um: In hieatic indsingishable fom 21 vacant FH 044). Deinnive VINE, WINE, GARDENER, RU Leo er ip “wine” ad ny “dene Desermintive in Fem Shen (goof the wine orale pre) so nope sae Deseinatv ind “hao idem for me, Determine in stom” Determine nd we bead” se of is)436 6 1s 6 3 2 sy sky with epee sky wid ain san with ro strkes sun with urseus Ns+ Ts with rs Nev Nt half Next Nt4 strip oflnd with sand stip ofsand wo stp of and tongue oflind tongue ofland ieigation canal lnsgation canal stem mountain range Nas on standard SIGN List N. Sky, Earth, Water Determinative SKY, ABOVE. Ideogram for bj “upper” (6 8.67), Deere ‘minative in nt “gate and hy "eling, portal” als Keogran for lite Vanants “Fa, with oa, TE (N40, with sta), Detesminatve ISIGHT. Mdeogram fo rh “ge” Determinative DEW, RAIN. Ideogram for 2d ew.” Determinative SUN, DAY, TIME, Ideogsa fr 1 “sun, Re,” har and sv aay” Gn dates 69.8). Variant & (Ns + Nas). Derrminative TM Deterinative in "Re" al ideogram fr same, |eogam for fre “deyime, course of the dy" Determinaive SUNLIGHT. Phonogram an (fom wh "ie", Weogsanh for fmt “human beings: Variant © (Nte). Phonogram pid in puft “Ennead” and dni “new moon fsival" Variant of Xin pt “origin” Variant.) a determinative, Determinative inp “mon” abo ideogram fr same. Ldogram for “month”(2bd) in dates (598). Ocssonal variant of F42. Determinatve in wh “carob bean” ao ideogram for same, Determinaiv in fp “palm” (measure: § 97), ao ideopram for seme Vast) dente Dateien} oon” sh aga frame Occur ental toga fi nent" deo min thay” Demise stn, Tt. Phongan A fm 2“), Phan: sr em “ning, aon “how” eg “Da” ay Variants = (Nr6l), -— (Nip). Teogram for “Tandy ean, world” Phonogram (3. Determinativ in d “ewate” and d eternity eogram for je “ihn.” Determinative DESERT, FOREIGN LAND. deo- eam foro aroun” (9.7.2). copra for St “Akt" (say 3) in fry “Hara” (Ey 12. ‘Variant C= (N23). Phonogram wb /ud® in wb “eum” Determinatve LAND, especially in wb “shore” Determinaive in btbsd “Sed Festival DDeterminatve LAND, Ideogrim for jdb "bank," when doubled uj "To Bas” (aterm Sor Egy) Variants 2, ze. Detemninaive LAND, expecially IRRIGATED LAND, ‘Also used in variant of Nea Keogram or s/h “Gey” Determinaive ofp “nome,” alo ideogsan or same, Deteeminative in rmames of nomes and divisions of Egyp, alo in ep “garden,” Ideogram foc de “estate, en” eogram for St “desert lf, foreign land.” Determinative DESERT, ogra fr 3 a” (deer god),a u as ss ” sn rising above mouseain sun’ ray above hill sandy slope ul with drab ath wich shrubs lamp of ey sain fend ingot of met ripple of water three sipples of water canal basin Nir + Dse Well with water SIGN ist 437 ‘Phonogram du: Ideogram ford “mountain” ogra fr “Akt” (sy 2}. Phonogram AS, especialy in hj “appear” Phonon 4 Determinaive inj “mound,” ao ideogram for sume. Variant #4 (N31e), Detemninatve for wit “road” abo ideogram for tame, Determinative ROAD, DISTANCE, POSITION, [deogram for W3) “tend, start” (Gom w3t oad”). Phonegram fri jar? “Onur” (t od), ne “Horas,” and or “except (fom bj go fa a"), Vasant of Aas and Fa, Variants =o ° (Naa), 3, 0%. “. Determinative SAND, MINERAL, PELLET. When single, occasional subsitue for signs with bad connots ions, such as Ag and Z6. When eile, occasional subsite for phir stokes. Deterinative in woud with om 4 "go around”), Variant. (Nyaa) Meogram for jt “copper, bronze” Determinative Phonogram m [ojgam for ma “wate Detrminative WAVE. Phonogram mu: Determinative BODY OF WATER, Phonogram mr and mj. Kdeogram for mr canal” Variants == (Ns7al, <= (N38), mmx (N30), ee. Phonogram f eogram for “basin, pool, lake” Determinative of 81 "aroue” (6.9.72), abo ideogram for same. Variant of X4 a determinative of 2 spe” and 2nj “pass” Varian of O36 -Phonogam Fv in form of ij “go! Variants (I (N42), 1) (Datos). Determinaive WELL, Determinative in 192 “cauldron, coppet” and words with rot bj. Determinative in pia er linia ideogram fo same (eipled). Often for Dato, . Structures and Parts of Structures schematic house plan oes O14 Pe xs + Was reed sheer winding wall plan of enconsre 07 +035 v30 + 06 06465 palace plan with batdements on +75 Proportions vary Mdeogrm for pr “house” Phonogram pr, Determina- ogra fr pred “easy.” eogram for re “invocation ofxing” Phonograr h. deogram foe) “courtyae Phonogram nm. Determinative in mrt “azeet” Phonogsam mr in meer "Minevie" faced bul of Feliepol). ‘ari (0. degra Sort “enone eon fx ft “Great Econ” (empl of Hepa) oa fr nb Nephye” eo fr bt “aoe” verre $1 (013. ogra pace” eo fr ‘bd “White Pale” “Palace ofthe Mace” fring)” 39 “ nce with basement enclosure + Wro + Xt comnice with cobrat shrine in profile shine with poles shine shrine cade ‘booth with pole Aoublepltorm pyran and enclosure wall bet ela coburn ball lun with tenon > wood cokran suppor door leaf sew pace Bigade ocrbolt 034 + Ds wall val ling stone block of brick double ais fence emblem of Min SiGN LIST asian { (O14) Determinaive in 6h “wall in” and related word, vara] (O15 tora fo wrt “ro a” Varia B89 (O17). Determinaive for 1) “eurain"” ao ideogram for same and 3 “he ofthe curtain” (de ofthe vain) Ory variant of Saa sn 07 “por” Determintive in 3 “shrine” so ideogeam for same, Determinative in pry “Great Hows (orignal shrine of Upper Eeypt at Hierskonpol), also int nt "Nie Valley Shrine” fame) Determinstive SARINE Determinsive in 2h “boot” alo ideogeam for sme. Deterinsive in zh “counsel, advice” and 2h "tent, hooth;” ao ideo ru for ate. DDsterminative in b2bid “Sed Fenval" ale ideogram for sae Determinative PYRAMID. Dterminaive in hn “obelisk” lo ideogram for ame Determinative STHLA, also ideogam for ue “tla” Determinative HALL. Determinaive of buj “dusk” (om KS “oice”), sho deogram for ame. Phonoram fw. Lleogram foe jan “column” Variant |. Phonogam Determinative SUPPORT, ao ideogram for 2hnt “support” Vasant or (O31). Varin |} in 4j“ao0e” (vo dooe lar). De- terminatve OPEN. Determinative in © "door" abo eogram fo same. Dterminitive DOORWAY, abo ieograr for sb “doorway.” Determinative in a serch” (Exay 6. Phonograt Kdeogsam for = “doorbolt” Vaant of R23 Phonogratn + in “go avay, perish.” zy “which?” (6.11), 287 "send avy, gp a0 and me “sing DDeterminative WALL Edeogra for je “wal.” eterminative TOPPLE, THT: Determinative CORNER. Ideogram for gab “coun Determinatve oF ‘deograr for im in the administrative cde fj) “chi ofthe om” Determinasive STONE, BRICK, ‘terminative STAIRWAY, TERRACE Idcogram for nd “star and bi Determinative STAIRWAY, ASCEND, Variant dfft (042), Phonogram lp sp ‘Variant \@ (Oe4a) Determinative in jt “office,” ako ideogram for same.wd 0 & 2 Oo 6 domed srctare enclosed mound ares woth imtenection threshing Bor with prin pile of grain SIGN LIST 439 ‘Varn (i (046). Determinatve in jp “pivate quarters” abo ideogram for ame. ‘Variant © (O48). Ldeogram for nb “Hirakonpolis” and mnt “pee Variant @ (O492). Ideogeam for mur “town.” Determinatve TOWN, Phonogram =p in =p “occasion, event” 2 swords, Detrminasive in 2p “threshing oor “be leftover” and related ara sl, (Osib). Determinaive in Sur “ganar.” so ideogram forsame, P. Ships and Parts of Ships boat on water ont eaprized ‘oat under si sacred bost Py + Mas boat with net ast with sl sil Pe+iy steering oa wi rope mooring ake Vaciats “ar (Pte), ach (P26) Determinatve BOAT, Ideogrm for oat” (arous reading dp, bw, mw, #2. Dterminative inp“ Determinative in jt “si upstream.” ‘Vaians (> (R50), LAS (Ps). Determinasive GOD'S BOAT. Ldeogram foe ced bak’ ecg or - ig” Vent 3), Progr Dtemitive WIND, AR orm” nf "aon Deteinie in “a” vaca fe Phono Variant —= in mi" bw “jtiied™ (Eaay 8). Phonogeam bw Deeterminstive OAR. ldeogram fo hp ae” cog for fs, sid” (§ 2218). Dterminative i “der” and my “steerer” Determinaive in mj “oor, di” and relted word. In hierae offen densa widh Tr, Q Domestic and Funerary Furniture portable sat headrest chest {coli baer with fame eogsam for at, place” Phonogram st. Phonogram ws i ut “Onin” Phonogeam hm Phonan ws in ws “Osiris” Ldeograr Fors seat” Phonogram p Deternintive in wraw “headeest”™ Deverminatve CHEST, BOX. Deteminativ in gr "buy" and relited words, sho ideogra for same Determinatve FIRE. Kogram for af “eempersture” When doubled, ideogra for rier “ae” in juste "and of Flame” (locality of ere ‘ion and inthe Des)440 or re PD wow f SIGN LIST R, Temple Furniture and Sacred Emblems table with offerings low table with ofrings read loaf mat bow with smoke cloth wound on pole Ret Vas REF TIE Nay reed column caning standard feather on sanded sea emblem scepter with fetes wig with feathers on poe ‘So with feather Sesh emblem ‘Min emblem Neth emblem rablemate cobra White Crown Sr on sandr with ail Red Crown Double Crown aa T cE Determinaive in al “offering tbl,” ao ideogram for sume * abo Phonogram fp. leogram or hip “offrng sla” Variant D> (Ro). Phonograsn kp. Determinaive in kp “Famignte” also ideogram for ame Determinative of sn “incense” sho ideogram for same. Vasant of ‘Wros/Aag eon oe “a Phonan A: Deteiniv . amine for Mines” aoe sae veins R109, 0s eon fr nn neep Phonogram d, alo doubled in déw “Busts” Ideogram for di “ied. column/amalet”™ Deceit in “wandard” Una pr of ther sigs Vasa SP 29) Log or jan "Was and wn gh” vase R15) erm “Ea "Vain of Ua, Deceminatve nu emblem of Qu), so ieogam for sme eins @arty, H 048), Deteinntve in 2. This nome of [Ado Megan fr sine degen or “Tbs (wm and ome vane Fan. cog or 1 “Sethat (goes) Vasans FF (Raza, 2 Ray), “FP (Rass). Koga for mm “Min (gp), Without tard, phonoram bin fm “ine” and bm “Leptin he Det) mi es vasa T,X gases, 5 psn, °F arse, ees, § x Ras), FF (Rash), Determinaive ine (originally arf) “Neih* abo ‘eogram for sme. Determinative in tj “deter bres” ao ieogram for same, Regalia and Clothing Vasant <1, ($3). Determinative WUE CROWN, Ideogam for Ai “white Crown” Determinative in 6437 “Babay” (ag), abo ideogram for same Vaiant 5 ($9), Deteminaive RED CROWN. Phonogram w. $5 va sntofL a enblem of King of Lowe Egypt vata £2 (6). Deterinaive inst "Doe Cow” ho ie gam for se, Dtermiative CROWN.? Blue Crown AteECrosen double plumes beaband broad collar bead collar sat Ds sats Sia S40 ‘Gience pectoral bead necklace seal on necklace seal on necklace sing {shoulder knot Iknoted doch Jevoted belt spement with es ke stip of oth loth with two Binge cloth with four Ginger cloth ith six rings cloth with inge + S29 falded cloth sag +ly sip +U2 loth with ings sandal sandal ap SIGN List aan Determinative in bp "Blue (We) Crown," alo ieogram fr same: Determinative in 3 "Ate Crown,” alo ideogram for same, DDeterminative in fj "double plumes aso ideograr for same Phonogram mil. Determinaive in wih “wreath and mh “headband” also ideograr fr ltr Determinative in wh "broad collar” ao ideogram for same. Phono= gam sh Variant (>) (S12). Meogram for nbw “gold” and related words. De- Phoaograrn nh eogratn fo bd “ses” eogra for dm Ylecrum” Vacianw (8) 316), I] c517), (HTP (S272). Detertinaive indo “sparkle” aod etd word alo Moga fr ane. Meogeam fot "alate tnd eed word DDeterminative in maj “bead necklace, counterweight” aso ideogram for Ideogram fr “sea” and relited word, ‘Determinative SEAL, Idcogram fo bn “seal” and) “sing” (69:73) Vasant of Et Determinative RING. Phonogratn 18}. Determinative in U2-wr “post (of ship)” luo Sdeogeam fe ate, Phonogram dind/dnd. Dillzen from Aus PPhonogam iz. Ideogram fr #t “knot, vere ogra for Bu “guide, dragoman, interpreter DDeterinaive in dy (ogilly sat) “Ki” also ideogram for same, Determinative in de “loa” abo ideogram for sae. eset a mh “dh” ho ogra fre, eserninaive in fj upline" ao deogam fr ane ese in "Moats degen fr ‘ne vt, Deco com Phonogeam s Abbrevton for nb in “Pil (110, Phonogam p/p, Dtemizatve a how ak ogame sl wor fe ane roe Phono zum, Deterinnve ARROW. Phonogrm me/rd. Determiatve in word with 2 (he Som 37 Ste), Keogum for di “moe” Deeninve frre“ sg ho copa fre Phonogeam rin “wake” and related words35 8 » a as Aheowestick chariot crook with package atached bone harpoon head harpoon arrowhead fishing net, reed fost bird tap butcher's block Tet Ts ef ose Jef sharpener butcher kaif SIGN List 483 aioe ) (719, Deermiaive with Gain words win vn. Detei- ative FOREIGN, Deere ig "how” a ni “rate 0 Seopa for nine. copa fr ‘Bn “Ain? fw “ya” copa fee "hy 974), Van of so om eteriave ACCURATE of ‘Myon deteinave tue of Pit determina oor, Sic fap phonopam inet Socks and of 3 and Au. Detersinatv in imine” Determinaiv in wrt “chris ideogram for sume Phonogram Es vaiane | (20. Phonognam g- Deteminsive BONE, TUBE. Dee ative in gs “barr “pure” (Gom tur “tbe, deogram for gut “Saal nd gn "sat en double in the ate Variant"). Phonogram win. w* “one” and related word Vasant} (Ta) Phonogam Phoneram “Hj. Determintive NEE Phonogram 83/3 Variant 2 (129), Dteinative inst pao Hogar for same Phono b eterna in ni “daugheting pice” ao ogra for sme. Dserminativ KNIE, HARP, Loge for dt nie" Variants “> (133), “8 (133). Phonogeam sm in se “guide” and relted words at | (10) Phono sam meses in ther” U. Agriculture, Crafts, and Professions sickle ur+De rt Aare rtn-mesrure with grain M33 + Us S38 + U9 pitchfork plow sled Vasant _'> (U2). Phonogram mi. Deterinative REAP, CROOKED. Phonopram mdin mi “se ‘Vaant => (Us). Phonogam mi in mi® ave, comrect and rated wok . Vian “Z_ (U9, (Us, “KE (Up). Phonogram . Determi- satve HACE Varian of US Phonogram bs (Eom bn “hoe. Dterinatve GRAIN, ogra Sx 5 "eg an jt “ipe” 6 9:74. 1 deogam for "base, gain” Varin of Up a determinative. i Variant cb (Uta), LSeogramn foe byt “eget” 69:74 Variant |, (103) Deterinative (Ut0n) in fb “obstacle” ao eo tga for sume, Deterinative in “ole” and" pitch Variant $2 (Ui). Phonogram Jee. Phonogram ik, Determinative PLOW. Ideogram for pr seed” Phonograr te444 ” 9 a 2s 26 » SIGN List loaded ded with jcka’s head Determinative in bj “wonder” and seated word, aso ideogram for same, Determinative SLED pick ant bain Vacant (U1 honogan te Varun (U2). Phono feeandtackof wot Phonon sp. che Deermintve nn fnctonl” Detemive CARVE che Phonan 3 ad dil for stone ‘aane { (Ung. Meoprm foc bmut “ca and elated word, dl for bead Vacant | (U7. Kdeogeam for ub3 and reted words, Ocesional varie wnefUe3s fede vacant |, (U2, Phonagam iB. Abbreviation or in Fl ih shban 69303) we Phono bakers ae Derm in br Seti nd etl worth, ao og Sr col of ope Vit O54 three Vi + O34 aso Iooped rope cond with ends up cond with ends down, round cartouche same. Deerminative in shite “resin” Determinative in ih “baker” so ideogram for same. Variant of Di9-20, Deermintive in smn “se, i (om smn “fatten dough"). Determina- tive POUND, HEAVY. Determinative in fm “auton; bronze,” also ideogam for same honogam Vasant (039 Phonoga lif Deeemiaivein fpin” Phonon Determine in “shave” Deveinve in “ile lb ieograr forte, vane) (042), (yen. Deeinaive in wpe “old up cry wear” and fj “pickup” Determinative in th “plumb bobs” V. Rope, Baskets, and Cloth Variant & (Vita). Deterinative ROPE, TIE, COM, Ieogeam for 1100 (6 92), Phonogeam fin Sn “ispute” Different fom Z7 Determinative in 5 “pull” and 3 “hasten.” Mdeogeam for 151 “sroun” Gora eogram sw in sh “necropolis” (of Gi). Phonogram w2, termina in ny "ay out bo ideogram for same. Phouogata and fr. Keogram for re “linen” Variant of V33 ‘Variant { (V8). Phonogram Jn Detezmimaive in Sw “ciccuie” (of the sun), ali ideogram for sme Determinaive in ie “cartouche”