- VIII-1 -
05-1113-244
World Oil (2006) reported that Indonesian CPO production contributed 34.5 million tons
or 24% of the worlds vegetable oil production in 2005. By comparison, Indonesias
production of CPO was 13.8 million tons in 2005, up from 12.36 million tons in 2004.
The production came from 5.4 million ha of oil palm plantation processed by 340 POM
with a total capacity of 14,600 tons FFB/hr.
Sumatera has become the major production area for CPO with 77% of the total oil palm
plantations covering (4.2 million hectares), producing about 84% (approximately
10 million tons) of the countrys CPO. Table 1 shows the total area and oil palm fruit
production in Indonesia.
Table 1: Area and Oil Palm Fruit by Province and the Status of Estate Plantation,
Year 2004.
No.
PR
Province
PBN
PBS
(000 HA)
(000 tons)
(000 HA)
(000 tons)
(000 HA)
Total
(000 tons)
(000 HA)
(000 tons)
NAD
63
87
57
127
148
279
268
493
North Sumatera
196
519
299
1,050
459
1,594
955
3,193
West Sumatera
137
288
13
167
413
307
714
Riau
728
1,445
90
311
552
1,433
1,370
3,189
Jambi
174
388
29
50
254
353
457
791
South Sumatera
150
302
47
124
318
550
515
976
94
200
97
203
Bangka
Belitung
Bengkulu
37
51
42
72
82
129
Lampung
73
70
16
50
49
84
138
204
10
West Java
10
15
11
Banten
14
13
22
28
74
20
36
170
287
43
104
204
439
456
830
52
72
192
245
244
317
21
12
122
201
143
214
41
68
26
22
139
58
206
148
16
14
31
52
44
82
12
13
14
15
16
West
Kalimantan
Central
Kalimantan
South
Kalimantan
East Kalimantan
Central
Sulawesi
Golder Associates
September 2006
- VIII-2 PR
No.
17
18
19
Province
South Sulawesi
Southeast
Sulawesi
Papua
Indonesia
(000 HA)
05-1113-244
PBN
(000
tons)
PBS
(000 HA)
(000 tons)
(000 HA)
Total
(000 tons)
(000 HA)
(000 tons)
28
49
16
29
37
92
81
170
821
10
10
19
43
22
44
11
53
93
1,905
3,745
675
1,982
2,868
6,080
5,448
11,807
Note: PR = Smallholders Plantation, PBN = State Own Plantation, PBS = Private Owned Plantation.
Source: Statistik Perkebunan 2005.
Table 2 shows the location and capacity of POM by province in Indonesia, with Sumatera
leading the OPI in Indonesia. The area with the largest capacity is in Riau province where
122 palm oil mills are established with a total installed capacity of 5,210 tons FFB/hr.
The second largest palm oil producer is North Sumatera with a total installed capacity of
3,446 ton FFB/hr (year 2004) produced from 94 POM.
In total there are 350 POM in 19 provinces with a total capacity of 14,600 tons FFB/hr.
The output of the mills ranges from 5 tons FFB/hr to 120 tons FFB/hr, with an average
output of 60 tons FFB/hr. Most of the mills are owned and operated by Indonesian- and
joint ventures companies.
Sumatera has 287 POM with a total installed capacity of 11,730 tons FFB/hr or about
80% of the nationals capacity. The second largest number of palm oil mills are located in
Kalimantan, with 51 POMs, having a total installed capacity of 2,365 tons FFB/hr.
The average CPO yield is 20-22% of the FFB weight, while that of the Palm Kernel Oil
(PKO) is 5%. Thus, 100 tons FFB would produce 20-22 t CPO and PKO of about 5 t.
Based on these figures, 13.8 million tons CPO would require about 69 million tons of
FFB per annum.
Generally, POM operate 300 days/yr. The operation time of the POM depends
completely on the availability of FFB. The average operation time of most mills in the
low crop season is 14 hr/day while in peak crop season (August-December) the POM
may run up to 20 hr/day.
Golder Associates
September 2006
- VIII-3 -
05-1113-244
No.
No.
Province /
Company Name
Plant Location
I.
PTPN I, T.Seumantok
Aceh Timur
PTPN I, P.Tiga
Kind of
Product
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
16
470
CPO
60
Aceh Timur
CPO
40
PTPN I, Lhoksukon
Aceh Utara
CPO
30
K Baru, A Timur
CPO
30
Senagan, A Barat
CPO
20
CPO
20
CPO
20
CPO
20
PT. Parasawita
CPO
20
10
10
CPO
60
11
11
CPO
30
12
12
CPO
20
13
13
CPO
20
14
14
CPO
20
15
15
CPO
30
16
16
CPO
30
No.
No.
Province /
Company Name
Plant Location
II.
Sumatera Utara
17
P. Tualang, Langkat
18
19
20
Kind of
Product
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
94
3446
CPO
60
Stabat, Langkat
CPO
30
Selesai, Langkat
CPO
30
P. Tualang, Langkat
CPO
30
21
P. Tualang, Langkat
CPO
30
22
Deli Serdang
CPO
50
23
CPO
30
24
CPO
60
25
CPO
60
26
10
CPO
30
27
11
CPO
30
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
- VIII-4 -
Province /
Plant Location
Company Name
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Product
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
28
12
CPO
60
29
13
CPO
60
30
14
CPO
60
31
15
Labuhan Batu
CPO
60
32
16
Labuhan Batu
CPO
60
33
17
Asahan
CPO
30
34
18
PTPN IV Ajamu
CPO
30
35
19
CPO
10
36
20
CPO
28
37
21
CPO
30
38
22
Simalungun
CPO
40
39
23
CPO
60
40
24
PTPN IV Berangir
Na IX - X, Labuhan Batu
CPO
40
41
25
PTPN IV Adolina
CPO
30
42
26
PTPN IV Pabatu
CPO
40
43
27
CPO
30
44
28
CPO
60
45
29
CPO
60
46
30
CPO
30
47
31
CPO
40
48
32
PTPN IV Mayang
CPO
40
49
33
PTPN IV Sosa
CPO
50
50
34
Simalungun
CPO
30
51
35
PPKS Medan
CPO
52
36
CPO
60
53
37
Salapian, Langkat
CPO
30
54
38
CPO
30
55
39
CPO
30
56
40
CPO
30
57
41
Deli Serdang
CPO
30
58
42
CPO
12
59
43
CPO
30
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
- VIII-5 -
Province /
Plant Location
Company Name
PT. Socfindo, Tanah
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Ton FFB/
Product
Unit
CPO
30
hour
60
44
61
45
CPO
60
62
46
CPO
12
63
47
CPO
30
64
48
CPO
60
65
49
CPO
30
66
50
CPO
30
67
51
CPO
20
68
52
CPO
20
69
53
CPO
40
70
54
CPO
10
71
55
Besitang, Langkat
CPO
20
72
56
CPO
20
73
57
CPO
30
74
58
CPO
60
75
59
CPO
30
76
60
CPO
30
77
61
CPO
60
78
62
CPO
25
79
63
CPO
60
80
64
CPO
30
81
65
CPO
30
82
66
PT. Siringo-ringo
CPO
60
83
67
CPO
45
84
68
Salapian, Langkat
CPO
85
69
CPO
40
86
70
CPO
30
87
71
CPO
30
88
72
CPO
40
Gambus
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
- VIII-6 -
Province /
Plant Location
Company Name
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Product
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
89
73
CPO
30
90
74
CPO
20
91
75
CPO
30
92
76
CPO
60
93
77
Labuhan Batu
CPO
45
94
78
CPO
30
95
79
CPO
20
96
80
Labuhan Batu
CPO
30
97
81
Labuhan Batu
CPO
30
98
82
Labuhan Batu
CPO
30
99
83
Labuhan Batu
CPO
30
100
84
Simalungun
CPO
24
101
85
Deli Serdang
CPO
15
102
86
Labuhan Batu
CPO
60
103
87
Labuhan Batu
CPO
60
104
88
PT Naga Sakti
Belawan
CPO
30
105
89
Labuhan Batu
CPO
30
106
90
Labuhan Batu
CPO
30
107
91
MP Sumcama
Labuhan Batu
CPO
60
108
92
Ekasindo Jayatama
Asahan
CPO
30
109
93
Asahan
CPO
30
110
94
Sungai Pinang
Asahan
CPO
60
No.
No.
Province /
Company Name
III.
Sumatera Barat
110
PTPN VI Ophir
111
PT. Bakri
112
PT. Agrowiratama
113
PT. Gatri
114
115
116
Plant Location
Kind of
Product
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
300
CPO
60
CPO
30
CPO
30
Kec. Pasaman
CPO
30
CPO
30
CPO
60
Pasaman Barat
CPO
60
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
Province /
No.
IV.
- VIII-7 -
Company Name
Plant Location
05-1113-244
Kind of
Product
Riau
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
122
5210
KAMPAR
117
CPO
60
118
CPO
60
119
CPO
30
120
CPO
30
121
Sukaramai, Tambang
CPO
30
122
CPO
60
123
CPO
90
124
CPO
60
125
CPO
60
126
10
Tapung Hilir
CPO
30
127
11
CPO
60
128
12
CPO
30
129
13
PT Johan Sentosa
Bangkinang
CPO
60
130
14
Tapung Hilir
CPO
60
131
15
PT Ciliandra Perkasa
Bangkinang
CPO
45
132
16
Kampar Kiri
CPO
45
133
17
Tapung Hilir
CPO
30
134
18
Tapung Hilir
CPO
30
135
19
PT Ganda Buanindo
Kampar Kiri
CPO
30
136
20
PT Peputra Masterindo
Bangkinang
CPO
45
137
21
Tapung Hilir
CPO
45
138
22
Tapung Hilir
CPO
45
139
23
Egasuti Nasakti
Tapung
CPO
45
140
24
Kampar
CPO
30
141
25
CPO
30
142
26
Petapahan, Tapung
CPO
40
143
27
CPO
40
144
28
CPO
45
145
29
Spagar, Kampar Kr H
CPO
30
146
30
CPO
25
PT Sewangi Sawit
Sejahtera
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
- VIII-8 -
Province /
Plant Location
Company Name
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Product
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
ROKAN HULU
147
PTPN V Tandun
Kunto Darusalam
CPO
40
148
CPO
60
149
Tapung
CPO
60
150
CPO
30
151
CPO
60
152
PT Hutahaean I
CPO
30
153
PT Hutahaean II
Kunto Darusalam
CPO
30
154
PT. Torganda
CPO
45
155
PT Eluan Mahkota
Kepenuhan
CPO
45
156
10
Kepenuhan
CPO
60
157
11
PT Torusganda
Tambusai Timur
CPO
45
158
12
Rokan Hulu
CPO
30
159
13
Rokan Hulu
CPO
45
160
14
PT Suri Senia
Tambusai
CPO
30
161
15
Rokan Hulu
CPO
45
162
CPO
45
163
Bunut
CPO
30
164
CPO
60
165
Ukui
CPO
30
166
Genduang, Ukui
CPO
60
167
Genduang, Ukui
CPO
30
168
CPO
45
169
PT Surya Bratasena
Pangkalan Kuras
CPO
30
170
PT Gandaherah Hendana
Ukui
CPO
30
171
10
Langgam
CPO
45
172
11
PT Adei Plantations
Bunut
CPO
45
173
12
Pangkalan Kerinci
CPO
45
174
13
Pelalawan
CPO
45
175
14
Pelalawan
CPO
10
176
15
Langgam
CPO
30
177
16
Pelalawan
CPO
45
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
- VIII-9 -
Province /
No.
Plant Location
Company Name
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Ton FFB/
Product
Unit
Peranap
CPO
30
CPO
60
hour
Indragiri Hulu
178
PT Indriplant
179
180
Siberida
CPO
30
181
Siberida
CPO
45
182
Siberida
CPO
30
183
Peranap
CPO
30
184
Peranap
CPO
30
Kuantan Singgigi
185
CPO
45
186
PT Wanajingga Timur
Kuantan Hilir
CPO
30
187
CPO
45
188
Singgigi
CPO
45
189
Singgigi
CPO
45
190
PT Wanasari Nusantara
CPO
45
191
CPO
45
192
Kuantan Mudik
CPO
45
193
Singgigi
CPO
45
194
10
PT Sawit Mas
Kuantan Singgigi
CPO
30
195
11
PT SAR
Kuantan Singgigi
CPO
30
196
12
Kuantan Tengah
CPO
60
197
13
Singgigi
CPO
60
198
M u m p a, Tempuling
CPO
30
199
Pelangiran
CPO
60
200
Kateman
CPO
120
201
Kateman
CPO
10
Bengkalis
202
PT Adei Plantations
Pinggir
CPO
45
203
Bengkalis
CPO
45
204
Bengkalis
CPO
20
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
- VIII-10 -
Province /
No.
Plant Location
Company Name
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Ton FFB/
Product
Unit
Kerinci Kanan
CPO
60
Kerinci Kanan
CPO
30
hour
Siak
205
206
207
Dayun
CPO
60
208
Lubuk Dalam
CPO
60
209
Kandis
CPO
60
210
Kandis
CPO
60
211
Kandis
CPO
60
212
Kandis
CPO
30
213
Tualang Perawang
CPO
30
214
10
Kandis
CPO
20
215
11
Kandis
CPO
45
216
12
Kuala Gasib
CPO
30
217
13
Tualang Perawang
CPO
45
218
14
Gasib
CPO
60
219
15
Tualang Perawang
CPO
40
Rokan Hilir
220
CPO
30
221
Bagan Sinembah
CPO
60
222
(Sei Rumbio)
Hilir
CPO
60
223
CPO
60
224
CPO
45
225
CPO
30
226
Bagan Sinembah
CPO
90
227
CPO
45
228
CPO
45
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
- VIII-11 -
Province /
Plant Location
Company Name
PT Salim Ivo Mas Pratama
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Ton FFB/
Product
Unit
CPO
60
hour
229
10
230
11
Bagan Sinembah
CPO
30
231
12
Tanah Putih
CPO
30
232
13
Bagan Sinembah
CPO
30
233
14
Rokan Hilir
CPO
30
234
15
Simpang Kanan
CPO
30
235
16
Rokan Hilir
CPO
45
236
17
PT Musim Mas
Rokan Hilir
CPO
45
No.
No.
Kayangan
PT Simpang Kanan
Lestarindo
Province /
Plant Location
Company Name
V.
Jambi
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
Kind of
Product
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
14
630
CPO
60
CPO
30
Batanghari
CPO
40
Batanghari
CPO
30
Batanghari
CPO
80
Muaro Jmabi
CPO
30
Merangin
CPO
60
244
CPO
60
245
CPO
30
CPO
60
246
247
10
Bungo
CPO
30
248
11
Bungo
CPO
30
249
12
CPO
60
250
13
CPO
30
VI.
Sumatera Selatan
15
810
251
CPO
60
252
CPO
30
253
CPO
90
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
- VIII-12 -
Province /
Company Name
PT. Sawit Mas Sejahtera
Plant Location
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Ton FFB/
Product
Unit
CPO
30
CPO
60
hour
254
255
256
Muara Enim
CPO
30
257
Muara Enim
CPO
60
258
Muara Enim
CPO
30
259
CPO
30
260
10
CPO
60
261
11
P Lempung, OKI
CPO
60
262
12
CPO
60
263
13
PT.Selapan Jaya
CPO
120
264
14
Musi Rawas
CPO
60
265
15
CPO
30
VII
Bangka Belitung
510
266
Bangka
CPO
45
267
PT.Sawindo Kencana
Bangka Barat
CPO
90
268
CPO
30
269
Belitung Timur
CPO
45
270
Belitung Timur
CPO
90
271
Bangka Selatan
CPO
30
272
Bangka Barat
CPO
60
273
Bangka Barat
CPO
90
274
Belitung
CPO
30
No.
No.
VII.
Province /
Company Name
Plant Location
Kind of
Product
Bengkulu
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
230
275
Bengkulu Selatan
CPO
30
276
CPO
50
277
Bengkulu Utara
CPO
30
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
278
279
280
6
VIII.
- VIII-13 -
Province /
Company Name
PT. Agri Smit
PT. Bio Nusantara
Teknologi
PT. Agriandalas
Plant Location
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Ton FFB/
Product
Unit
Bengkulu Utara
CPO
30
Bengkulu Utara
CPO
30
Bengkulu Selatan
CPO
60
125
Lampung
hour
281
CPO
40
282
Lampung Selatan
CPO
25
283
CPO
30
284
CPO
30
30
30
60
60
18
735
285
286
IX.
Jawa Barat
PT Condong
X.
Banten
PTPN VIII
XI.
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
Cikelet, Garut
CPO
CPO
Kalimantan Barat
PTPN XIII, Gunung
CPO
60
Pontianak
CPO
30
Sanggau
CPO
60
Sambas
CPO
60
Sanggau
CPO
30
Sanggau
CPO
30
Sanggau
CPO
60
Ketapang
CPO
45
Ketapang
CPO
45
296
10
Ketapang
CPO
40
297
11
Ketapang
CPO
30
298
12
Sintang
CPO
45
299
13
Sanggau
CPO
30
300
14
Pontianak
CPO
45
Meliau
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
- VIII-14 -
Province /
Company Name
Plant Location
05-1113-244
Kind of
Capacity (Install)
Product
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
301
15
Sanggau
CPO
30
302
16
Ketapang
CPO
35
303
17
Sanggau
CPO
30
304
18
Sanggau
CPO
30
No.
Province /
No.
Company Name
XII
Kalimantan Tengah
305
306
307
308
PT Kridatama Lancar
309
310
311
312
313
314
10
315
11
316
12
317
13
318
14
319
15
320
16
321
17
322
18
Plant Location
Kind of
Product
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
18
920
CPO
30
Kotawaringin Barat
CPO
60
Barito Utara
CPO
60
CPO
30
Sukamara district
CPO
30
Sukamara district
CPO
90
Lamandau
CPO
40
Kotawaringin Barat
CPO
60
Kotawaringin Barat
CPO
60
Kotawaringin Barat
CPO
60
Kotawaringin Barat
CPO
90
Seruyan
CPO
80
Seruyan
CPO
30
Seruyan
CPO
90
Seruyan
CPO
30
Kotawaringin Timur
CPO
30
Kotawaringin Timur
CPO
45
PT Bumihutani Lestari
Katingan
CPO
Sukamandang, Seruyan
Tengah, Seruyan
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
XIII
- VIII-15 -
Province /
Plant Location
Company Name
05-1113-244
Kind of
Product
Kalimantan Selatan
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
11
550
CPO
40
Kotabaru
CPO
60
Kotabaru
CPO
15
Sakti
Kotabaru
323
324
325
326
PT Laguna Mandiri
CPO
60
327
PT Smart Co
Kotabaru
CPO
60
328
PT Langgeng Muara
Makmur
Utara, Kotabaru
CPO
60
329
Kotabaru
CPO
60
330
PT Ladang Rumpun
Kotabaru
CPO
60
331
PT Ladang Rumpun
Subur Abadi
Tanah Bumbu
CPO
60
332
10
PT Sajang Heulang
CPO
15
333
11
PT Paripurna Swakarsa
CPO
60
160
XIV
PT Gawi makmur
Kalimantan
Kalimantan Timur
334
PTPN XIII
Samuntai, Pasir
M. Sawit
40
335
PTPN XIII
M. Sawit
60
336
PTPN XIII
M Sawit
30
337
M. Sawit
30
30
30
150
XV.
338
Sulawesi Tengah
PT. Tamaco Graha Krida
XVI.
Sulawesi Selatan
339
340
341
PT. Lettawa
342
Ungkaya, Poso
M. Sawit
Watu, Luwu
CPO
40
CPO
60
Ps Kayu, Mamuju
CPO
30
CPO
20
Golder Associates
September 2006
No.
No.
- VIII-16 -
Province /
Company Name
Plant Location
05-1113-244
Kind of
Product
Sulawesi Tenggara
Capacity (Install)
Unit
Ton FFB/
hour
45
45
225
CPO
Morowali
XVII.
Irian Jaya
344
Prafi, Manokwari
CPO
60
345
Arso, Jayapura
CPO
60
346
Jayapura
CPO
60
347
CPO
45
350
14,636
INDONESIA
Palm oil plantations are mainly owned by private estates. As shown in Table 2, plantation
areas owned by government estates and private estates have both been increasing and are
expected to continue expanding in the future. Private companies dominate the production
of CPO. The main products of a palm oil mill are crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel
oil (PKO).
Analysis of Potential of Renewable Energy in a POM
The Indonesian OPI generates substantial solid and liquid residual wastes during
harvesting, replanting and milling process. Currently, all the fibre and some of the shells
are used as fuel for biomass boiler to generate steam and electricity for in-plant use. EFB
is incinerated or returned back to the plantation grounds for mulching. A typical ratio of
production and utilization of the biomass waste from POM production is shown in
Table 3.
The residue volumes resulting from the process, expressed as a percentage of the weight
of FFB processed are: mesocarp fibre (11-13%), palm kernel shells (PKS) (5-6.5%),
empty fruit bunches (EFB) (23%), and palm oil mill effluent (POME) (60%). EFB is not
usually utilized as fuel because of its high moisture content and clinker formation but
30%-50% of the PKS is used as boiler fuel. The remaining PKS, about 50-70%, is used
for road hardening or sold to other parties.
The amount of POME generated varies for each mill but it is estimated in the range of
0.5-0.6 m3 per ton FFB processed. POME contains high chemical and biological oxygen
demand, and 5% total suspended solids. An anaerobic treatment system is required
Golder Associates
September 2006
- VIII-17 -
05-1113-244
because of the high effluent strength, before it can be discharged to the receiving
environment. The total percentage of waste volume is 120 122%, because of the
volume of steam added to release the fruit from the bunch in the steam vessels.
Biogas can be generated from an anaerobic treatment (digestion) of POME. Biogas is
comprised mainly of methane (60-70%) and carbon dioxide (30-40%).
Table 3: Typical Ratio and Waste Products Utilization Generated from Palm Oil Mill.
Current utilization in Palm Oil Industry
Type of waste
product
Physical
Form
Ratio to
FFB
Empty Fruit
Bunches (EFB)
Solid
0.22-0.23
Soil mulching or
burned in incinerator
Burned in incinerator
Mesocarp fibres
Solid
0.11-0.13
Boiler fuel
Boiler fuel
Shells
Solid
0.05-0.07
Boiler fuel
(part of shell)
Liquid
0.5-0.6
Soil fertilizer
None
Gas
None
None
POME-biogas
Mill w/Plantation
Based on total CPO production of 13.8 million tons in 2005, potential wastes generated
existing from palm oil mills (in Mt) and biogas containing methane gas (in Mm3) are
sufficient to be connected to the power grid to provide biomass-based co-generation of
power.
A potential gross methane recovery is estimated from annual CPO production of
13.8 million tons in 2005, which would produce 34 Mm3 of palm oil mill effluent
(POME). This would give a total COD loading of about 1.7 Mt resulting in about
350,000 t of methane.
Table 4 gives a list of potential biomass wastes from all POMs in Indonesia and its
biomass-based renewable energy potential.
Golder Associates
September 2006
- VIII-18 -
05-1113-244
Waste Product
Potential
(Mt/y)
Calorific value
(MJ/kg)
Renewable energy
potential in POMs
(TJ/year)
Empty Fruit
Bunches (EFB)
15.18
75,900
Mesocarp fibres
7.59
11
83,490
Shells
3.45
15
51,750
55.4
19,390
34 million m3
350,000 t
Total
230,530
In terms of greenhouse gas emission reduction, biogas capture from POME digestion
would contribute to an annual potential CER credits of 7.35 Mt of CO2-eq (based on the
Global Warming Potential of methane 21 times that of CO2). Through energy technology
interventions related to waste improvement practices in POM operations, significant
potential GHG and diesel oil consumption reduction could be achieved, as presented in
Table 5.
Golder Associates
September 2006
- VIII-19 -
05-1113-244
Table 5: Technologies Intervention Related to Co2 Emission Reduction, Diesel Oil Consumption Reduction
and Amount of Investment Required.
Potential of
Potential of Diesel
Potential of
Electricity Production Consumption Reduction GHG Reduction
(MWh/y)
(t/year)
(tCO2-eq/year)
Investment
Amount
(US$)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
463,500
115,000
0
0
485,000
3,180,000
71,400
32,583
0
131,100
123,675
810,000
590,000
92,000
0
317,262
3,309,099
2,230,000
48,000,000
39,000,000
38,000,000
46,000,000
114,600,000
695,625,000
TOTAL
4,243,500
1,168,758
6,538,361
981,225,000
15,180,000
10,626,000
82,272
8,000
40,000
0.4862
5,166,278
2,000,000
646
1,291,569,428
0.3
1,549,883,314
1,317,401
0.80
4,133,022
Unit
t/y
t/y
t/y
h/y
MWh/y
MWh/t fresh EFB
MWh/y
US$/MW
MW
US$
l/kWh
l/y
t/y
t/MWh
tCO2-eq/year
Golder Associates
September 2006
2
- VIII-20 -
34,500,000
350,000
55.4
19,390,000,000
1 MJ =1/3.6 kWh
1,077,222,222
1,077,222
900,000
7.5
258,750,000
21
7,350,000
05-1113-244
Unit
m3/y
t CH4/y
MJ/kg
MJ/y
kWh/y
MWh/y
US$
US$/m3
US$
tCO2-eq/year
excess power
kWe
450
450
350
300
300
300
Investment
total
US4
175,000
175,000
150,000
145,000
145,000
145,000
Total
Golder Associates
Potential of
electricity
MWh/y
350,000
1,925,000
14,250,000
7,395,000
3,480,000
20,010,000
4,050
22,275
149,625
68,850
32,400
186,300
47,410,000
463,500
Diesel
avoided
l/y/unit
400,000
400,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
150,000
Diesel
avoided
l/y
800,000
4,400,000
38,000,000
15,300,000
4,800,000
20,700,000
84,000,000
September 2006
- VIII-21 -
Item
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
MWh
t-CO2/MWh
MWh
t-CO2/MWh
(A1xA2)-(A3xA4)
t-CO2
84000000 liter
kJ/liter
A6xA7/10^9
TJ
t-C/TJ
A8xA9xA10x44/12
A12xA13
A14x21
A5+A11+A15
Unit
69,000,000
t/y
EFB available/y
15,180,000
t/y
138,000
t/y
t-CO2
m3
m3-CO2/t-CO2
t-CH4
t-CO2
t-CO2
t EFB/h
16 h/d and 300 d/y
Investment
Specific investment cost
Investment total
144
t/d
43,200
t/y
110,000
2.55
38,652,778
US$/unit
US$/t
US$
Golder Associates
05-1113-244
Interconnection System
463,500
0.7
360
0.7
324,198
84,000,000
41,709
3,504
21.1
0.99
268,348
0
0.00071
0
0
592,546
September 2006
5
- VIII-22 -
Gasification system
Unit
3,450,000
Excess of shell
1,725,000
t/y
172,500
t/y
1.5
115,000,000
kg/kWh
kWh/y
115,000
MWh/y
30,000
US$/unit
87,600
kWh/y
Unit needed
Invesment total
6
t/y
1312.785388
Unit
39,383,562
US$
Biodiesel plant
Investment of biodiesel plant 8t/d
Operating d/y
Biodiesel plant
Remnant oil available/y
Unit biodiesel needed
Investment of biodiesel plant total
Biodiesel production
Emission reduction
GHG Emission reduction
Unit
800,000
US$/unit
300
h/y
2,400
t/y
138,000
t/y
57.5
Unit
46,000,000
US$
131,100
2.42
317,262
t/y
t-CO2/t biodiesel
t-CO2/y
Golder Associates
05-1113-244