pew DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY SEMESTER ONE REPEAT EXAMINATIONS 2013 MODULE: PS122 (Code &Title) Physics for General Science 1 QUAL: B.Sc. in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Include all relevant: B.Sc. in Analytical Science B.Sc. in Biotechnology Common Entry into Science B.Sc. in Environmental Seience and Health in Genetics and Cellular Biology in Horticulture B.Sc. in Science Education lreces YEAR OF STUDY: 1 EXAMINERS: Dr. Paul van Kampen (ext. 5023) (Including Telephone Nos.) Dr. Christy Charlton (ext. 5038) TIME ALLOWED: 2 hours INSTRUCTIONS: Attempt ALL FOUR questions. Approximate marks are indicated for each question. A table of physical constants and useful formulae is provided at the end of the paper. Requirements for this paper Please mark (X) as appropriate V_| Log Tables |__| Graph Paper | Dictionaries Statistical Tables Thermodynamic Tables |__| Actuarial Tables | MCO only — Do not publish on Web PLEASE DO NOT TURN OVER THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TODO SO The use of programmable or text storing calculators is expressly forbidden. Please note that where a candidate answers more than the required number of questions, the examiner will mark all questions attempted and then select the highest scoring ones. Academic Year 2012/2013 PS122 Semester One Repeat PAGE 1 OF 8SECTION A Question 1 (30 marks). Attempt any 6 out of the 8 questions below. ‘A 800 kg car speeds up at a constant rate of 2 m/s/s. As a result, its speed changes from 10 m/s to 26 mis. (a) [5 marks} For how long did the car accelerate? (b) [5 marks] By how much did its momentum and kinetic energy change? Explain briefly. A football has a kinetic energy of 90 J and a momentum of 9 kgms". (©) [Smarks} Calculate the mass and the speed of the football. ‘When answering questions (d) and (e), pick the best answer, and explain briefly why you think itis best. (d) [Smarks] An object is dropped inside a large vessel without air. There is no air resistance, but gravity is acting on the ball. What will happen to the speed of the object as it falls? ‘A. The object’s speed will be constant because the force of gravity is constant. B. The object’s speed will increase until it reaches a constant speed because the force of gravity is constant. C. The object's speed will increase as it falls because the force of gravity is constant. D. The object's speed will increase as it falls because the force of gravity is increasing. (©) [5 marks} A spacecraft moves at a constant speed in outer space. If there is no friction or gravity, what force(s) are acting on the spacecraft? ‘A. There is an unbalanced force acting on the spacecraft. B. The spacecraft must have an engine which is exerting a constant force on it. C. There are no forces acting on the spacecraft. D. The force that launched the spacecraft into outer space is still acting on it Ithas been found experimentally that under some circumstances, the force R by the air on an object (“air resistance”) is given by R= bv", where v is the speed of the object and b is a constant, (£) [5 marks} What SI units does 6 have? Use only kg, m, and s in your answer. (g) {5 marks] Explain that an object that is falling for a long time acquires a final constant speed given by ¥jag)=a/mg/b (h) [5 marks} At a playground, a 19-kg child plays on a slide that drops through a vertical height of 2.3 m. After the child pushes off, she moves at constant speed down the slide, How much work is done by the slide on the child? Explain. 23m 19ke Academic Year 2012/2013, PS122 Semester One Repeat PAGE 2 OF 8Question 2 (20 marks). Attempt all 4 questions. A student holds a basketball in her hand, then throws it upwards. Consider four different instants: © Instant 1: the student is holding the ball in the hand. Neither ball nor hand move. © Instant 2: the ball is moving upwards and still touching the hand. * Instant 3: the ball is moving upwards and is no longer touching the hand. ‘© Instant 4: the ball is in the air and is moving downwards. @ (b) © @ [8 marks] Draw separate, qualitatively correct, free-body diagrams for each of the four instants. Make sure that the label for each force in your free-body diagrams contains the following information: the object exerting the force ‘* the object on which the force is exerted © the type of force (normal, magnetic, etc.) [4 marks] Consider the time interval when the ball was moving upwards and still touching the hand. Identify all forces acting on the ball. For each force you identify, state whether the work done was positive, negative, or zero. Explain briefly. [4 marks] During that same time interval, identify all forces acting on your hand. For each force you identify, state whether the work done was positive, negative, or zero. Explain briefly. [4 marks] Comment on the following statement: “While the hand was pushing on the ball, the ball was pushing back with the same force on the hand. ‘Therefore, the work done must be zero”. If you disagree with any parts of this statement, explain why. Academic Year 2012/2013 PS122 Semester One Repeat PAGE 3 OF 8SECTION B Question 3 (15 marks) Attempt all 4 questions. Critical point Specific heat at 0.153 keal/kg°C constant volume (cy) Specific heat at 0.199 keal/ke°C constant pressure (cp) Latent heat of fusion | 1.84 x 10° ke i) Latent heat of 3.74 x 10° Ike vaporization (L.) 56.6, 20 TCC) ‘The phase diagram above shows the pressure of a substance for a given temperature. The table shows the specific heats and latent heats for the substance. Please use this diagram and table to answer the questions below. (a) [5 marks] Starting from -56.6 °C, if | increased the temperature while keeping the pressure constant at 56 atm, briefly describe the 5 processes that would happen (i.e. heating solid, melting solid, etc.). (b) [6 marks] (i) If 1 kg of this substance was heated from 20°C to 31°C at a constant pressure of 5.11 atm, what amount of heat would need to be added? (give your answer in keal) (ii) What would be the volume at the beginning and end of this heating? (assume a molecular mass of 44 g/mol) (©) [4 marks] (i) Suppose the gas in part (c) (being heated from 20 °C to 31 °C) was inside a container where a frictionless piston moves as the gas expands to keep the container at a constant pressure of 5.11 atm, What is the work (in Joules) done by the steam during this heating? i) Is the process described above adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric or isochoric? Explain Briefly. ‘Academie Year 2012/2013, PS122 Semester One Repeat PAGE 4 OF 8Question 4 (15 marks). Attempt all 4 questions. B ie 2d 2 oe oY, targe rod m| mim [| m [nf The diagram above shows a mobile with blocks each with mass = m hanging from it. The weight of the rods supporting the block can be ignored. Distances (d or 24) are shown for the point of attachment of the strings holding each block or rod. For each of the questions below, use the diagram and give your answers in terms of m, d and any constants needed. (a) [3 marks] Find the anti-clockwise torque on the large rod. (b) [3 marks] Find the clockwise torque on the large rod. (c) [3 marks] What is the magnitude and direction (acw or cw) of the net torque on the large rod? (4) [6 marks} (i) unfortunately, the mobile isn’t balancing well. You have a string that you can attach from the top (at point A) to either point B or point C. Do you attach it at AB or AC? (ii) The string will attach to the mobile rod at an angle. What force must the vertical component of the string have to balance the mobile? ‘Academie Year 2012/2013, PS122 Semester One Repeat PAGE 5 OF 8Question 5 (20 marks) Attempt all 5 questions. qo ws The diagram above shows a wooden cylinder (p = 300 kg/m?) submerged in a pool of water (p = 1000 kg/m*) and attached to the bottom of the pool by a2 m nylon thread (E=5 x 10° N/m’, tensile strength = 500 x 10° N/m?) with a diameter of 1 cm. (a) [4 marks} What is the buoyancy force acting on the cylinder? (b) [4 marks] What is the gauge pressure (pressure due to the water) on the side of the cylinder at the arrow labeled (4)? (c) [4 marks] What is the tension in the thread? (a) [4 marks] How much does the cable stretch due to the tension? (©) [4 marks} Will the thread break? Show calculations to prove your answer. Academic Year 2012/2013 PS122 Semester One Repeat PAGE 6 OF 8USEFUL EQUATIONS. xaxtyettar t= FIA ae AL=al,AT PY =nRT W= PAV Q=mcAT Q_ py ht Academic Year 2012/2013 PS122 Semester One Repeat PAGE 7 OF 8Table of Physical Constants for use in Physics Examinations juan Symbol Value Units Speed of light in vacuum c 2.998 x 108 ms? Acceleration due to gravity g 9.81 ms? Gravitational constant G 667x101! Nm’kg? Avogadro’s number Na 6.02% 10° molt Boltzmann’s constant k 1.38% 107 JK" Stefan-Boltzmann constant o 5.67% 10% Wm?K* Molar gas constant R 8.31 Jmol K7 Rydberg constant Ru 11x10" m? Electron charge e 1.6x 10° c Electron mass me 9.1107! kg, Permittivity of free space & 8.85 107 Fm! Permeability of free space 7 4nx107 Hm’ Planck’s constant h 6.63 x10 Js Bohr magneton Hs 9.271074 JT! Atomic mass unit u 1.66 1077 kg Academic Year 2012/2013 PS122 Semester One Repeat PAGE 8 OF 8