1* select *from emp

SQL> /
EMPNO
DEPTNO
----------------7369
20
7499
30
7521
30
7566
20
7654
30
7698
30
7782
10
7788
20
7839
10
7844
30
7876
20
7900
30
7902
20
7934
10

ENAME

JOB

SAL

COMM

---------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------SMITH

CLERK

7902 17-DEC-80

800

ALLEN

SALESMAN

7698 20-FEB-81

1600

300

WARD

SALESMAN

7698 22-FEB-81

1250

500

JONES

MANAGER

7839 02-APR-81

2975

MARTIN

SALESMAN

7698 28-SEP-81

1250

BLAKE

MANAGER

7839 01-MAY-81

2850

CLARK

MANAGER

7839 09-JUN-81

2450

SCOTT

ANALYST

7566 09-DEC-82

3000

KING

PRESIDENT

17-NOV-81

5000

TURNER

SALESMAN

7698 08-SEP-81

1500

ADAMS

CLERK

7788 12-JAN-83

1100

JAMES

CLERK

7698 03-DEC-81

950

FORD

ANALYST

7566 03-DEC-81

3000

MILLER

CLERK

7782 23-JAN-82

1300

14 rows selected.
SQL> clear screen
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1
2
3*
4

MGR HIREDATE

select ename,sal
from emp
order by sal desc
/

ENAME
SAL
---------- --------KING
5000
FORD
3000
SCOTT
3000
JONES
2975
BLAKE
2850
CLARK
2450
ALLEN
1600
TURNER
1500
MILLER
1300
WARD
1250
MARTIN
1250
ADAMS
1100

1400

JAMES
SMITH

950
800

14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1
2
3*
4

select ename,deptno,job
from emp
order by deptno desc,job desc,ename
/

ENAME
DEPTNO JOB
---------- --------- --------ALLEN
30 SALESMAN
MARTIN
30 SALESMAN
TURNER
30 SALESMAN
WARD
30 SALESMAN
BLAKE
30 MANAGER
JAMES
30 CLERK
JONES
20 MANAGER
ADAMS
20 CLERK
SMITH
20 CLERK
FORD
20 ANALYST
SCOTT
20 ANALYST
KING
10 PRESIDENT
CLARK
10 MANAGER
MILLER
10 CLERK
14 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> clear screen
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1
2
3
4*
5

select ename,job,deptno
from emp
where job='CLERK'
order by deptno desc
/

ENAME
---------JAMES
SMITH
ADAMS
MILLER

JOB
DEPTNO
--------- --------CLERK
30
CLERK
20
CLERK
20
CLERK
10

SQL> clear screen

SQL> ed

Wrote file afiedt.buf

1
2
3
4*
5

select ename,job,deptno
from emp
where job='CLERK'
order by 3 desc
/

ENAME
---------JAMES
SMITH
ADAMS
MILLER

JOB
DEPTNO
--------- --------CLERK
30
CLERK
20
CLERK
20
CLERK
10

SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select ename,job,deptno
2 from emp
3 where job='CLERK'
4* order by 8 desc
5 /
order by 8 desc
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-01785: ORDER BY item must be the number of a SELECT-list expression
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1
2
3
4*
5

select ename,job,deptno
from emp
where job='CLERK'
order by sal*12 desc
/

ENAME
---------MILLER
ADAMS
JAMES
SMITH

JOB
DEPTNO
--------- --------CLERK
10
CLERK
20
CLERK
30
CLERK
20

SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1
2
3*
4

select ename,sal,sal*12 ann_salary

from emp
order by sal*12 desc
/

ENAME
SAL ANN_SALARY
---------- --------- ---------KING
5000
60000
FORD
3000
36000
SCOTT
3000
36000
JONES
2975
35700
BLAKE
2850
34200
CLARK
2450
29400

ALLEN
TURNER
MILLER
WARD
MARTIN
ADAMS
JAMES
SMITH

1600
1500
1300
1250
1250
1100
950
800

19200
18000
15600
15000
15000
13200
11400
9600

14 rows selected.
SQL> clear screen
SQL> /
ENAME
SAL ANN_SALARY
---------- --------- ---------KING
5000
60000
FORD
3000
36000
SCOTT
3000
36000
JONES
2975
35700
BLAKE
2850
34200
CLARK
2450
29400
ALLEN
1600
19200
TURNER
1500
18000
MILLER
1300
15600
WARD
1250
15000
MARTIN
1250
15000
ADAMS
1100
13200
JAMES
950
11400
SMITH
800
9600
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1
2
3*
4

select ename,sal,sal*12 ann_salary

from emp
order by ann_salary desc
/

ENAME
SAL ANN_SALARY
---------- --------- ---------KING
5000
60000
FORD
3000
36000
SCOTT
3000
36000
JONES
2975
35700
BLAKE
2850
34200
CLARK
2450
29400
ALLEN
1600
19200
TURNER
1500
18000
MILLER
1300
15600
WARD
1250
15000
MARTIN
1250
15000
ADAMS
1100
13200
JAMES
950
11400
SMITH
800
9600
14 rows selected.
SQL> ed

Wrote file afiedt.buf

1 select ename,sal,sal*12 ann_salary
2 from emp
3* order by ann_salary desc
4
SQL>
SQL> clear screen
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select ename,sal,sal*12 ann_salary
2 from emp
3* order by (ann_salary,ename) desc
4 /
order by (ann_salary,ename) desc
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis
SQL> clear screen
SQL> select *from dept;
DEPTNO
--------10
20
30
40

DNAME
-------------ACCOUNTING
RESEARCH
SALES
OPERATIONS

LOC
------------NEW YORK
DALLAS
CHICAGO
BOSTON

SQL> desc dept

Name
Null?
------------------------------- -------DEPTNO
DNAME
LOC

Type
---NUMBER(2)
VARCHAR2(14)
VARCHAR2(13)

SQL> alter table dept modify deptno number(10);

Table altered.
SQL> esc dept
unknown command "esc dept" - rest of line
SQL> desc dept
Name
Null?
------------------------------- -------DEPTNO
DNAME
LOC

ignored.
Type
---NUMBER(10)
VARCHAR2(14)
VARCHAR2(13)

SQL> lter table dept modify deptno number(2);

unknown command beginning "lter table..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> alter table dept modify deptno number(2);
alter table dept modify deptno number(2)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01440: column to be modified must be empty to decrease precision or
scale

SQL> update dept set deptno=null;

4 rows updated.
SQL> select
2
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* select *from dept
2 /
DEPTNO DNAME
--------- -------------ACCOUNTING
RESEARCH
SALES
OPERATIONS

LOC
------------NEW YORK
DALLAS
CHICAGO
BOSTON

SQL> alter table dept modify deptno number(2);

Table altered.
SQL> update dept set deptno=10
2 where dname='ACCOUNTING';
1 row updated.
SQL> select *from dept;
DEPTNO DNAME
--------- -------------10 ACCOUNTING
RESEARCH
SALES
OPERATIONS

LOC
------------NEW YORK
DALLAS
CHICAGO
BOSTON

SQL> clear screen

SQL> col ename heading 'emp||Name'
SQL> col sal heading 'Month||Salary'
SQL> select ename,sal from emp
2
SQL>
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1
2
3*
4
emp

select ename,sal
from emp
where sal not between 1500 and 2850
/
Month

Name
Salary
---------- --------SMITH
800
WARD
1250
JONES
2975
MARTIN
1250
SCOTT
3000
KING
5000

ADAMS
JAMES
FORD
MILLER

1100
950
3000
1300

10 rows selected.
SQL> clear screen
SQL> select lower(
2
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* select lower('SMITH') from dual
2 /
LOWER
----smith
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* select lower('SMITH') from dual
2 /
LOWER
----smith
SQL> clear screen
SQL> var vname varchar2(20)
SQL> exec :vname:='smith'
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select upper(
2
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* select upper(:vname) from dual
2 /
UPPER(:VNAME)
-------------------------------SMITH
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1* select upper(:vname) from dual
2
SQL>
SQL>