Ultrahigh precision measurements of optical heterogeneity of high quality fused silica 4M. Da Fratas and M.A Payor Tanning Pes mop Deprnesof Expincerin, Unvesty f Aden ‘eden 9 208 Und Koon (Rescived 13 December 19%; aceptal for pubicaton 1 May 1985) ‘Wie preset ui precision messoments ofthe opal Heteropeety of igh quality fed Siler athe Srl" index level The messirenets were made with 4 unigue scanning terse itefrometer developed spt of the GrvityProbeB Progam. Siac of racine Inder aration Sin 10-” epic pa diferece salle han 5 wm) av cley vise onan fntended heterogeneity bickarouof acund 0 =10", Both ise and extended Iseropenie are repeatable waitin few parts in 10. These ess show theme nd exten ‘ofthe hseropenir of igh quay vives sca © 1995 American Ista of Phys. ‘Te optical Haterogenity af high gual hs Gia ing vireo ss) has omg bee fpr ote man face of high precision optical componen’, gas mana: turers nd the modeling ofthe Balke proper of hss. OF the tee major types of nhonngeeies, vamely. ich trogen, tle, and extended inbomogencie, ony the ater tye howto be ignicant for ph ity ls st the A= 10"? index level afer vey cafe preparation focedies!' Extended iooogcacis appear a all Froctve index gradients spreaig stow ove eltely Tage retion of the mater, an depend on te cling pe ‘ce deny rien du o heya bal. thd ermanen ies reting from enpertre raising fhe anmeling sage’ Serie on te oer and, are Lone cake ofsenrly higher index grain tan those Foued inevendsl nhonngenci, wie misrteergeneies are tRstdetced tough catering experiments whee the sizes ofthe heteropencies mt be compare tothe wavelength ‘ofthe probing radaton As sch, ch ofthe inhomoge- ity seni high uality gs esas fom the eas po= Sicon procedie andra ecard fst of formation ‘which as bem owen ist the gs ell “The uniformity ofthe refative index isa major factor in determining the performance of ll opts agag and ‘cecommuniction tes’ has ere constant effor by eles manufacturer to improve om haope by ma tei siento model ts proper, and by otal fein to improve on heeropeniy) measure" In ome special eizamstances where the highest homogeneity {sreqated, sucha in the manufacture of exe user sprscopes forthe Gravy Probe slit test of general Fela new tcigues must be develpe to improve the mestuement precio Sy, oily 107, by 2 fae ‘of at es 10 Tis eer report uabigh reson measare nets ofthe variation of reflactive index aly Fost Sie samples tthe n= 10" level. The messes pared here were made on 8 ug ssnninginerermeter ‘exgned to seen gooncope blank forthe Gravity Probe B ‘experiment A signin advantage of ou approach over Smo ll ther inerferomere metho is that we mesure ‘an the reactive index diferece diey over a repaar fi, oben nthe proses, to tre ofthe relative 2552 Apo Pye Lat 6 2626 sue 1005 eos eos veseazeessoaeson ‘index rant (ot formation; it information isos lout in ber approaches, ep Ry aeirary manipulation to Improve linge spacing i ution inerterometers- "The homogeneity insroment i «dedicated compute: aed meron beam Scanning. heterodybe treme 15 tu around the Hews Packard SS26A,(hllum-neon 6328 a) laser mesturemen system, ad incorporates an HP 217 competer for a soso nd stepper motor con {rol A scm ofthe intent shown i Fig We hive tapped ign from he ner headed hes ito ‘Stslon bulk analog phate meter wih an oberved revlon ‘of 02 nm. The thermal client of rite lex of fused slice around 10-> Ks inode to cole ra grains ad rite Ke weesy to maa the Inedte envionment ofthe interferometer io witha few mC of a preset Cider matching) temperate This fas ten achieved by haling an sce servant thal ‘helosure ound the inerermeer™ Moreover, the rer nce ar ss been carflly designe to compensate fo the tal ds nthe measreent ar, ror ean Ses fy fe astrumest wo Sal temperature its. The sure features ofthe sample re removed by immersing iin 1 ‘Sole, which matches views sic etactve dex a ‘Show 149°C Seating i achieved by moving the sample lon, in he fr of 50m sine eae, ass the ea Sscieo oral 1 he fice the ee, thas ending te sre erie spat arias ial te ia ‘omponens The sample aod inex matching qu peat {0 be fll eral equilibrium afer 2 day wit he er | ect (6195 Ameren nna ot Pres» © 1G 2 Onc pa toe of Hk Dc 1) sa Ue) co en nig mpi mene sn ‘rg ral wreath thn ce oes an Te i i ef ai cap eh ia SEC dimain Toop lp fovea erento ep ef eae whee np cg ef cnn ea a a ‘Steams te ten ay eto pce ‘mal enclose, The two-dimensional itt reactive in dex variation ne.) given by snared flatanad-ni where the ditace the eam travels hough te cube a thes dean, mie restive index weed a oncom fof psiion athe Mack, amy he men lacie ides ‘he mater High quality fsed sia samples wee obtsined fom Heroes Qurzlas Gal, Geary, with «Am specification sf #210". Mesuiements on all samples were then a round 175°C with changes ia ambient temper and reste of abou? mC and 2m, respectively Ove one ‘Ean. Figres.2(2-2(2) show scan ests for one sich “Snple [To cone the optical path fence (OPD) nm, Pel Py Lm WL EN 8,26 1055 Sow inthe figures, to refative inde ference a, mal tiply the OPD by 25 10°} The fst ap in (a) obtained fom direction , shows a snedh variation infective ex The second map (Q) (Grecian I} shows genealy ‘smooch features, bur i punctsed by dpe renga the veal direction, wating eat the center of he oppo flge ofthe scan. Alo notable ae smalls $ repeatable entures—one being a the ore lose ote cig, ad he ‘tie st beside th ig ae san (ese ae ected Py ‘rows Map () a repeat san ofthe sample fom de ‘ion Ik nd shows the repestale nanoscale fetes Pat) shows'the third direction (ID with a repeaale srsure ‘thin the cena portion ofthe map hs str ae sharp ‘pike along one of ies OF the saps examined fro {he same bth his is the only sample to show sch ste levels of extended Heterogeneity are sir touphow 4M. DeFita and A Pinar 355)However, sae will aly be wise if fully well-liged ‘th one ofthe directions of view and wil otherwise merge in withthe extent Dtropney. The existence of sie epee on a numero tor bry covering the method ‘plas manfacreané party doping Ie paca or asses fomed frm mek (ater than EVD) sie may arise from buoyancy convection during the meng process, sch 1 thse observe for Movie gases by West and Sen We annot offer any immediate explanation fr the sie ob Served in our samples, though the Beige properties of the lass may provide fare cles 16 the struts ob served. Tn summary, fears a the $ am level of OPD (Sr 1077 Heel) ae lel) Wsble. and repeat at te n= 10° eve Repeatability of pally extended inom sey is somewta pote, at a few tines 10°. The ‘peaing pile of he scanning nature eke ioe eel isrstive wo system eos, ber th eral i din fartcuarit gives dec mesure of index "wed [A he levels of reodusbilty demonstrated er, de is omsteat with rescal changes of temperate of fe ‘mC ovr the sample. 3584 fgg Pps. et, ot 6, No, 2828 in 085 “This work has on soporte by 2 grant rm Sano Univesity, USA as pat ofthe Gray Prate-8 Prop. {Reaper on Sete Apo 09 972. AN a € NS Sh eee Ne co Se 8 98 Ries Sp ws ew ‘Gis Sec a Tecan Sees, ie yO. hina sod. el ene Now Yo tO? Eee ear ‘mc i Sec let See BO nd Ro se Rew YW 44 Ce Ee ee ou cA O80). Nae 85 A Ae TE Rain Mas Oe 9 "Ne ts nd MA Pe pe Ap Op at ‘pose Cat, Uy oe Oe we" m8 sc Une Abe SEEM Se Ron Sy Slt, 39.