Statistical Quality Control

Montgomerys 6th edition

Solutions for Chapter 06
Jan Rohln
jan.rohlen@hb.se

Question 6.04
Sample No.

Ri

Xi

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

9
7
5
7
6
2
8
6
5
6
8
7
7
6
9
5
4
8
6
4

10
7.75
7.5
9
9.75
10.75
10.75
6.5
9
13.5
12.5
9.75
13.25
10.5
11
12.5
9.75
10.75
8.75
13.25

Table 1: Table 6E.4

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Statistical Quality Control

Chapter 06

(a)
P

Ri
R=
= 6.25
m
Sample Size

X=
A2
0.729

D3
0

Xi
= 10.325
m
D4
2.282

U CL = X + A2 R = 10.325 + 0.729 6.25 = 14.88

XR Chart CL = X = 10.325

LCL = X A2 R = 10.325 0.729 6.25 = 5.77

U CL = D4 R = 2.282 6.25 = 14.26

R Chart CL = R = 6.25

LCL = D4 R = 0 6.25 = 0

The process is in-control.

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Statistical Quality Control

Chapter 06

(b)
Specs. (350V 5V )
=

The real can be calculated:

c =
C
p

R
d2

6.25
2.059

= 3.0355

U SL LSL
3550 3450
=
= 5.491
6
6 3.0355

The minimum capability index for existing processes is 1.33 (i.e., 43 ). Obviously, this process is higher (5.49  1.33).
(c)

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Statistical Quality Control

Chapter 06

Question 6.15
(a)
X=

1000
72
= 20 s =
= 1.44
50
50

Sample Size

X S

A3
1.628

B3
0

B4
2.266

U CL = X + A3 R = 20 + 1.628 1.44 = 22.34

Chart CL = X = 10.325

LCL = X A3 R = 205 1.628 1.44 = 17.66

S

U CL = B4 s = 2.266 1.44 = 3.26

Chart CL = s = 1.44

LCL = B s = 0 1.44 = 0
3

(b)
Natural Tolerance Limits
First of all, we need to calculate the real : b =
(

s
C4

1.44
0.9213

= 1.563

U N T L = X + 3 = 20 + 3 1.563 = 24.69
LN T L = X 3 = 20 3 1.563 = 15.31

(c)
Specs Limits: 19 4
U SL LSL
23 15
=
= 0.85
6
6 1.563
= the process is not capable!

c =
C
p

Cp < 1.33
(d)

Pbrework = P (S > U SL) = 1 P (X U SL) = 1 P (

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U SL
)=
b

Jan Rohln

Statistical Quality Control

= 1 (

Chapter 06

23 20
) = 1 (1.919) = 0.0275 = 2.75%
1.563

15 20
) = (3.199)
1.563
= 1 0.99931 = 0.00069
= 0.069%
Total: Pb = 2.75% + 0.065
= 2.8%.
Pbscrap = P (X < LSL) = (

(e)
= 19

PbRework = 1(

23 19
) = 1(2.56) = 10.9947 = 0.0053 = 0.53%
1.563

PbScrap = 1 (

15 19
) = (2.563) = 0.0053 = 53%
1.563

Total: Pb = 0.53% + 0.53% = 1.06%

Centring decreased the Rework but increased the Scrap. Cost analysis
should be done.

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Statistical Quality Control

Chapter 06

Question 6.21
Spec. Limits 100 10, X = 104, R = 9.3 and n=5
d2 of (n=5) = 2.236
R
9.3
=
= 3.998
d2
2.326
Natural Tolerance is: 6 = 6 3.998 = 23.99
The Tolerance limit is wider than specification limit (2 10 = 20).
Therefore, even adjusting the centre of the process (i.e., change the mean
to 100) wouldnt meet the specification:
=

Cbp =

U SL LSL
110 90
=
= 0.83
6
6 2.998

Question 6.34
X N (x , x )
Y N (y , y )

Independent

each sample n=5.

(a)
We have mx = 20 Samples and my = 10
20
X

10
X

Rxi = 18.608

i=1

Ryi = 6.978

i=1

Estimated x and y ?
P

Rxi
18.608
=
= 0.9304
20
20
P
Ryi
6.978
Ry =
=
= 0.6978
20
10
0.9304
0.6978
= 0.4
by =
= 0.3
bx =
2.326
2.326
Rx =

(b)
Axis must fit into the hole. Condition: P (X Y < 0.09) = 0.006 What
difference 0 = x y should be specified?
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Statistical Quality Control

Chapter 06

D = X y (if x and y are normally distributed then D would be

normally distributed too).
D N (D , D )
q

b = bx2 + by2 = 0.42 + 0.32 = 0.5

D 0
0.09 0
P (D < 0.09) = P
<
0
0
0.09 0

0


= 0.0006

0.09 0
(x) = 1 (x) =
0


= 1 0.0006 = 0.994

By checking the table, the answer is 2.51.

0.09 0
= 2.51 = 0 = 0.09 + 2.51D = 1.345
0

Question 6.41
Type II Error = alarm by at least 3rd plot point =
1 P {no alram by 3rd sample}
|

x =

{z

U CL
LCL

x
x
!

104 98
96 98

8/ 5
8/ 5

= 0.66578 =

1 3 = 0.7049

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Statistical Quality Control

Question 6.42
ARL1 =

1
1
=
= 2.992
1
1 0.66578

Question 6.45
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Weight
16.11
16.08
16.12
16.1
16.1
16.11
16.12
16.09
16.12
16.1
16.09
16.07
16.13
16.12
16.1
16.08
16.13
16.15
16.12
16.1
16.08
16.07
16.11
16.13
16.1

P24

MR =

MRi
0.03
0.04
0.02
0
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.03

M Ri
= 0.02375
24

i=1

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Chapter 06

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Statistical Quality Control

d2 = 1.128,

b =

Chapter 06

MR
0.02375
=
= 0.021055
d2
1.128

U CL = D4 M R = 3.267 0.02375 = 0.07759

CL = M R = 0.02375

LCL = D3 M R = 0
LSL

16 16.1052
=
0.021055

= 3 107
= 3 105 %

U CL = X + 3 Md2R = 16.1052 + 3 0.02375 = 16.1683

CL = X = 16.1052

LCL = X 3 M R = 16.1052 + 3 0.02375 = 16.04204

d2

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Statistical Quality Control

Chapter 06

Yes, it is normally distributed.

Question 6.49
x chart { U CL = 710, CL = 700 and LCL = 690
y chart { U CL = 18.08, CL = 0 and LCL = 7.979
(a)
= x = 700,

bx =

s
7.979
=
= 8.661
C4
0.9213

(b)
Specs 705 15
!

 U SL 
LSL
=
Pb = P {x < LSL}+p{x > U SL} =
+ 1
bx
bx
 690 700 

8.661

 720 700

+ 1

8.661

(1.15) + 1 (2.31) = 0.1339 ' 13.3%

(c)
!

 U CL 
LCL
P = P {X < LCL}+P {X > U CL} =
+ 1

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Statistical Quality Control

!

690 700
710 700

=
+1
8.661/ 4
8.661/ 4

Chapter 06
!

= 0.0208

(d)
Pb = P {X LCL} + P {X > U CL}
 LCL

690 693

new

new

U CL new
+1
new

710 693
q

+1
12/ 4
12 + (4)

= (0.51)+1(2.83) = 0.3108

(e)

ARL1 =

1
1
1
1
=
=
=
1
1 P {notdetecting}
P {detect}
0.3108

In average; after 3 points, we can expect alarm.

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