The impedance of a transformer is marked on most nameplates - but what is it and what
does the Z% figure mean?
Definition
The percentage impedance of a transformer is the volt drop on full load due to the winding
resistance and leakage reactance expressed as a percentage of the rated voltage.
It is also the percentage of the normal terminal voltage required to circulate full-load current
under short circuit conditions
Measuring Impedance
The impedance is measured by means of a short circuit test. With one winding shorted, a
voltage at the rated frequency is applied to the other winding sufficient to circulate full load
current - see below:
End