NGO DAT

The professor holds the idea that computerized voting system possesses some disadvantages,
refutes the points made in the reading which states that it is advantageous.
First of all, the professor claims that computer-based system is unsafe in comparison with paperbased one. On account of taking place over the Internet, skillful hackers are able to spoil the
election by adding or deducting votes. The writer, nevertheless, mentions that digital voting
system is safer than using paper ballots owning to its flawless ability of getting rid of human
errors. Hence, it results in a reliable and accurate election.
Secondly, the professor points out that computerized voting system is actually more expensive
than using traditional method, since it requires numerous high priced components in order for
counting and managing votes. Adding to that, the maintenance fee also makes it worse. This
directly contradicts the reading which states that the proposed system is inexpensive. The
government is likely to save an immense fortune by applying the non-paper-using system.
Finally, the professor indicates it is technically possible that computerized voting system loses
more votes than paper system. For example, the event of mechanical failure severely leads to a
loss of thousands of votes. This is in sharp contrast to the reading which states that the
computerization of voting system reduces the possibility of losing votes. All ballots are stored on
the data center, which renders lost votes impossible.

NGO DAT
Topic: Many people keep dogs and cats as companions. Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of pet ownership for the animals involved and for the community as a whole.
It is highly controversial that whether people should look after dogs as familys members or not.
To me, I believe rearing dogs holds both positive and negative aspects.
To begin with, I think well-trained dogs prove useful in assisting people in a variety of situations.
They are able to find missing persons who are buried in avalanche as well as checking baggage
for explosive and drugs on account of their gifted sense of smell. Moreover, dogs are extremely
common in pet therapy, which is a growing field that aids patients recover from health problems
involving heart disease, cancer, and mental disorders. It is also most likely to benefit patients
emotionally, socially, and physically. Adding to that, raising dogs might promote kindness in
children. Since dogs seem non-judgmental to children, it boosts their self-esteem and helps them
to express themselves easily.
Secondly, rearing dogs is subjected to criticisms. The dogs bark is considered as one form of
noise pollution when it happens at unusual time. Barking comes naturally to dogs, but the
constant barking or whining of a dog can be disturbing or annoying the neighbors. For example,
it fairly irritates me as my noisy Miniature Pinscher always barks whenever something strange
catches her eyes. Furthermore, it is severely when people do not immunize their dogs and let
them free without muzzles. These dogs are highly likely to be rabid and we can develop rabies if
we are bitten by infected dogs.
In conclusion, keeping dogs as dependents does good and harm for people. Its good points
include assisting human physically and mentally, and playing an active role in pet therapy. It also
possesses some drawbacks like an annoying habit of barking and the high risk of causing rabies.

NGO DAT
The professor holds the idea that vegetarians are able to consume some vital nutrients they lack
from non-animal-based food, refutes the points made in the reading which states that there is a
risk of nutrient shortages to them.
For a start, the professor indicates vegans obtain protein from non-meat sources including rice,
beans, and potatoes. They definitely supplement adequacy protein with a diversity of food.
Nonetheless, the writer mentions that vegans are most likely to suffer from lack of protein, which
is absolutely avoidable if they eat other protein-containing food excluding meat. Those who are
deficient in protein easily develop physical disorders like amnesia, fatigue, and less motivation.
In addition, the professor claims that iron and calcium are obtainable from various foods. Vegans
are supposed to get iron in cereals, leafy green vegetable, and soybean and calcium in product
fortified with calcium such as calcium fortified orange juice and soybean. This is in sharp
contrast to the reading which states that vegans notably women are under threat of
contracting osteoporosis due to iron and calcium deficiency.

NGO DAT
The professor holds the idea of the argument against Internet-based storybooks, refutes the points
made in the reading which states the benefits of them outweigh that of traditional printed
storybooks.
For a start, the professor indicates online storybooks do not prove useful in educating children.
His infants always inquire about characters, themes, or concepts of the story and he is the only
one who is able to answer all of these questions. Adding to that, when children mispronounce a
difficult word, the computer is not likely to put it right. Consequently, should childrens
mispronunciation occur repeatedly, it would form a bad habit. The writer mentions online
storybooks serve as the effective way to teach infants, nevertheless. On account of the
computers technical ability, there are various interesting options including pronouncing words
and reading a particular passage over and over again until infants totally fathom it.
Additionally, the professor claims online storybooks are not absolutely economical. The
overwhelming majority of books in online libraries are classic, and this is not what children
highly appreciate. Hence, when parents determine to purchase the latest books like Harry Potter
series for their infants, they have to seek these books in libraries or bookstores. This directly
contradicts the reading which states online storybooks are inexpensive in comparison to printed
storybooks since it employs advances of technology. For instance, the relatively cheap process of
creating and maintaining texts on the Internet contributes towards lowering the price of online
storybooks.
Finally, the professor points out that online storybooks offer parents no chance to cement a
relationship with their children. Parents are required to read storybooks aloud to their children in
order to share the time and experiences with them, which definitely forms fond memories of their
childhood lasting the lifetime. This is also crucial to the childs development. This is in sharp
contrast to the reading which states online storybooks give parents more spare time to enjoy their
pastimes, inasmuch as they seem to leave reading storybooks out loud to their children to the
computer.

NGO DAT
Topic: Should richer nations be required to share their wealth among poorer nations by providing
such things as food and education? Or is it the responsibility of the governments of poorer
nations to take full responsibility to look after their own citizens?
Several schools of thought believe that affluent countries should aid the poverty-stricken
countries in terms of supporting them in their basic needs involving food and education, while
others think the local governments are obligated to deal with such internal issues on their own.
Personally, I strongly agree that prosperous nations have the ability and responsibility to make
the world a better place for humankind.
To begin with, I think backing poorer economies is highly likely to contribute towards striking
off the root of all evils in these areas. Most of poor countries are suffering from deficiency of
facilities and resources in the fields like food and education, which potentially leads to a
considerable increase in the crime rate and forcing people to join terrorist organizations. A good
example of this is the piracy in Somalia where the Forbes Magazine named Worlds most
dangerous country in 2009. Researchers state that the marine crimes in Somalia gradually
soared in 2005, resulting from the deteriorating economic situation in the country and the
absolute neglect by the international community. They also conclude that piracy naturally occurs
when poverty is present, coupled with a weak or non-existent government.
In addition, I believe all people in the globe are part of one community regardless of all the
things make us different since we all share the same quality of biology. Therefore, it is our
responsibility to try our best to make the world more pleasing place for the others, notably for the
children. Moreover, for some countries used to bury into war like my own country Vietnam,
the support from advanced nations is vital to bridge the enormous gap between the two sides. As
well as this, it offers my country a chance to get back on its feet and start changing for the
brighter future.
In conclusion, assisting the impoverished countries to create a better life for their citizens will
cause series of pleasant results including avoiding the formation of terrorism and the rise of
criminal actions, promoting the humanity, and bridging the gap between extremely high
developed countries and poor ones.

NGO DAT
The professor holds the idea that there is a misunderstanding of Daylight Savings Time (DST),
refutes the points made in the reading which states DST is beneficial to both the environment and
others.
Firstly, the professor indicates DST is originally not about the environment, since main advocates
of DST are corporations, not environmentalists. With the additional light during the day, people
prefer driving fuel-powered cars to entertaining places like malls and golf courses in lieu of
sitting indoors with electrical appliances on. As a result, it is such a waste of money and energy.
The writer mentions the United States and over seventy nations reap various benefits of DST,
however. For one, DST proves useful in lowering crime, energy consumption, and traffic
accidents occurring more easily in darkness. Adding to that, DST also leads to an increase in
outdoor activities, which is highly likely to benefit people physically and mentally.
Secondly, the professor claims extending DST causes undesirable consequences in many aspects.
Studies prove job productivity reduce for up to a week after time change. As well as this, sleep
deprivation and jet lag, results of DST, give rise to car crashes. Another bad result is monetary
loss in airliners owning to the confusion about flight schedule in high-traffic days notably
Thanksgiving. This is in sharp contrast to the reading which states DST contributes substantially
to the environment. People sleep and wake up at the same time despite the dissimilarity about the
time when sunrise and sunset occur in temperate zones. Therefore, by applying DST, they
participate in outdoor activities for longer periods of time, reducing energy usage when they
remain in their homes.

NGO DAT
Topic: Some people believe that physical punishment is a good way to discipline young children.
Others believe that it is wrong to hit a child under any circumstances. Which of these two
positions do you agree with?
It is highly controversial that whether corporal punishment should be used for purposes of
correction of the childs behavior or it is illegal to punish children physically under no
circumstances. To me, I believe parents are supposed to mete out physical punishment to their
infants in order to discipline them.
For a start, corporal punishment is the most effective way to guide children between the ages of
two and six. Children at these ages are extremely inquisitive and they are most likely to imitate
the adults bad behavior. Hence, the mild form of spanking which only leaves temporary redness
of skin is required to give infants a painful lesson, causing them to think carefully when they
plan on doing something wrong. Recently psychological studies prove that corporal punishment
forms more well-adjusted people later in life. For instance, I was the once-obstreperous child and
probably grew up as a rough man if there were no lashes from my mother.
In addition, the combination of physical punishment and other disciplinary measures including
time out is able to boost the efficiency of teaching infants. Research regarding behavior
modification of two-to-six-year children finds that spanking the child two times on either the rear
or thigh helps improve compliance with time out for misbehavior. These children are more
likely to remain in their room after acting up if the potential spank followed if they leave before
the time is up. Furthermore, talking with the child about what behavior is expected and why-with
the potential of a follow-up spank-works best.
To conclude, I highly appreciate that corporal punishment should be used selectively for clear
and deliberate the childs misbehavior, inasmuch as it is the highly effective method to discipline
children and it will work best when coupled with other disciplinary methods.

NGO DAT
The professor holds the idea that people are supposed to understand which activity reducing the
Earths carrying capacity in order for preventing severe consequences to support the points in the
reading which states carrying capacity to maintain human life appears to be harsh.
To begin with, the professor indicates the human reliance upon non-renewable resources, most
notably oil. Scientific statistics show the world has consumed one-third of oil reserve and the
depletion of oil nearly occurs at the end of twenty-first century. Hence, humankind is required to
put effort into preserving natural resources to increase carrying capacity. This directly
strengthens the readings claim that it is chiefly based upon raw resources. Scientists are entitled
to expect that the world population is highly likely to reach 11.6 billion by the year 2150, leading
to withdrawal of the Earths support for population in the following century.
Additionally, the professor points out carrying capacity is persistently decreased owing to the
human action to pollute the air and water. He takes the soaring deforestation rate of the Amazon
rainforest, 5 million acres per year, as an example. As a result, this reduces the quality of food
supply, lowering the Earths carrying capacity. This supports the point mentioned in the reading
that study of reindeer in Alaska shows when carrying capacity is exceeded, the population of
species contained therein crashes. In the 1960s, there was originally 29 reindeers, which rapidly
grows to 5000 reindeers within 20 years. Nonetheless, the population was reduced to less than 50
reindeers inasmuch as the resources depleted, and this is no exception for humans.

NGO DAT
The professor holds the idea that online pharmacies prove vital to people, refutes the points made
in the reading which states the government should impose an outright ban on Internet-based
drugstores.
For a start, the professor points out that the safety standards of online pharmacies are validated in
foreign countries. It is obvious that natural remedies were used in Asia for centuries, leading to
the safe application of them in other countries. An excellent example of this is morning after
birth control pill, which is popularly used in many European countries notably France. This
directly contradicts the reading which claims online medicines and products are unsatisfactory in
accordance with the FDA standard. Untested herbal remedies and mixed drugs cause pernicious
effects on people consuming them.
Additionally, the professor indicates online pharmacies are economical. By reaping benefits of
Internet, consumers easily seek information and advice of doctors or pharmaceutical companies
about medicines they are supposed to use. As a result, they do not need to consult doctors when
symptoms of diseases arise. The writer mentions it is dangerous when people employ selftreatment regardless of doctors consultations, nonetheless. People are highly likely to confuse
their medical conditions, which is responsible for taking wrong medicines and amounts, bringing
about fatal consequences.
Finally, the professor claims online pharmacies address an issue of soaring cost of health care.
Buyers possibly avoid paying extra money for wealthy companies by ordering drugs online at
inexpensive prices. This is in sharp contrast to the reading which states online drugstores sell
drugs of doubtful origins. One example of this is that medicines produced in foreign countries do
not meet American standard. Adding to that, many online pharmacies even offer inferior products
masquerading as legitimate drugs.

NGO DAT
The professor holds the idea that people observe and reap benefits of fish farming, refutes the
points made in the reading which states it is detrimental activity.
To begin with, the professor claims captive fish and wild fish share the same behavior including
gathering into schools. As a result, they obviously face the same issue of swiftly spreading
disease. This is in sharp contrast to the reading which indicates the likelihood of disease increase.
On account of the thick population of fish in cage, fish are highly likely to develop a disease and
transmit it to adjacent fish. Furthermore, there is nothing worse than that people unwittingly
consume infected fish and catch the disease.
Additionally, the professor points out that not only are framed fish affected by chemicals, ocean
fish and meat are also not free from these substances. Chemicals are everywhere, but at least
consuming fish is healthier than eating meat since fish contains less fat and provides healthy oil
like omega-3. The writer mentions artificial chemicals added to water and fish food do more
harm than good, nonetheless. Once being consumed by humans, these chemicals can be
hazardous to health.
Finally, the professor indicates feeder fish used in aquaculture are not eaten by humans and other
animals. An excellent example of this is memhaden fish, which possess terrible taste, leading to
their ubiquity in fish farming. This directly contradicts the reading which claims catching feeder
fish poses negative effects to the marine ecosystems, as people rob other sea creatures of the
natural protein sources.

NGO DAT
The professor holds the idea that adding fluoride to drinking water is subjected to criticism,
refutes the points made in the reading which claims it makes for the water purification.
To begin with, the professor indicates it is not dispensable to add fluoride in drinking fountain
since toothpaste already has fluoride therein. A good example of this is that Switzerland and
Netherland do not introduce fluoride into drinking water for roughly thirty years, and therein lies
no decline in dental health. This directly contradicts the reading which states fluoride proves
useful in avoiding tooth decay. It keeps the teeth healthy by binding with the enamel on peoples
teeth. Adding to that, statistics show that there is an average of 12.5 percent less tooth decay and
2.25 fewer teeth lost from decay.
Moreover, the professor points out using a large amount of fluoride leads to pernicious side
effects. For one, it discolors water pipes and dissolves lead out of them, which is hazardous to
human health. The professor also mentions a number of safer methods including filtration,
employing ultraviolet light or chlorine in lieu of fluoridation. This is in sharp contrast to the
reading which argues fluoridated water is purer than untreated water, inasmuch as fluoride acts
as a cleansing agent eliminating bacteria and other organisms. Additionally, many Third World
nations are required to put fluoride in their water supplies in accordance with the WHO law.
Finally, the professor asserts that fluoridation potentially give rise to fatal diseases like
osteosarcomas the rare form of bone cancer that only develops in young boys, and skeletal
fluorosis which is the condition caused by excessive exposure to fluoride. The writer mentions
fluoride strengthens the bone structure of people who regularly drink fluoridated water,
nevertheless. Research shows that these peoples bone densities have increased, and osteoporosis
less occurs in the elderly who drink fluoride-added water in their daily life.