KNS 3333 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

COSTING FOR CIVIL

ENGINEERING PROJECTS

Faculty Of Engineering
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
COSTING FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECTS

Cost Quantity

Cost Estimating
Rate
Methods
Cost
 What is Cost ?

An estimate how much money will be needed

or price to be charged for something.

(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

 Why Cost (Control) Is Important?
Pre-contract Stage Post contract Stage

Inception Design Tender Construction

Preliminary Comparative Planned profits

cost cost estimate achieved ?
estimate
Feedback for
future cost
Alternative Form of estimating
materials construction available ?

What corrective
action to be
Within economic limit of expenditure ?
taken ?
 How Costing Is Done?

Quantity X Rate = Amount

Quantity?
 What is Quantity ?

The measurement of something by stating

how much of it there is.

(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

 How quantity is read?

Quantity Unit of measurement

800 M

Quantity is shown as a figure and

a unit of measurement behind it.
 Unit of measurement

Area (M2) Volume

Length (M) (M3)

Quantity

Hours or
Day Others
Weight (Kg or Ton)
Rate
 What is Rate?

A fixed charge, payment or value.

(Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)

 What is Rate?

Price per unit of measurement.

 How rate is read?
Per unit of
Price of item measurement

RM 250.00/M3

Currency
 Rate Build Up

Material Cost
Wastages
Plant Cost
Labour Cost
Profit & Overheads
 Example Of Market Rate
Description Unit Rate (RM)

Excavation (pit) M3 10.00

Concrete Grade 15 M3 240.00

Concrete Grade 20 M3 255.00

Concrete Grade 25 M3 270.00

Formwork M2 28.00

Reinforcement Kg 3.20

Rate will differ from one project to another due to various factors such as
size, nature of work, location, market conditions, etc.
Cost Estimating Methods
 Notes On Costing For Civil Engineering
Projects

Involve large amount of uncertainty owing to

nature of ground conditions, temporary
works, etc.
 Notes On Costing For Civil Engineering
Projects

Different method of measurement is used

for civil engineering works (CESMM).

Bill of quantities comprise large quantities

of comparatively few items.

Quantities usually approximate and

remeasurement required when work is
actually carried out.
Notes On Costing For Civil Engineering
Projects

Costing can be carried out by breaking

down works into smaller cost items and
price the quantities against a rate.
 Notes On Costing For Civil Engineering
Projects

Costing similar to building works but more

towards method of construction rather than
material cost.
 Cost Estimating Methods
Unit Method

Low Mid High

Estimated Standard Unit Of Appropriate

= X Cost Per Unit
Cost Accommodation
 Cost Estimating Methods
Superficial Method

Low Mid High

Estimated Cost Per

= Area Of Floors X
Cost Square Metre
 Cost Estimating Methods
Approximate Quantities

Low Mid High

Items Of Major
Estimated = X Unit Rate
Cost Importance
Cost Measured Only

Build up on basis from cost

database price book or priced BQ
from previous project
 Cost Estimating Methods
Bill Of Quantities

Low Mid High

Estimated Measured
= X Unit Rate
Cost Quantities

Pre-Tender Estimate to
Build up on basis from cost
include other items like
database price book or priced BQ
Preliminaries, Provisional
from previous project
Sums, Prime Cost Sums,
Contingency, etc.
 Cost Estimating Methods

Skills
Quality of relevant available
pricing information

Degree Of Accuracy

Experience
Type of information provided