KYPC PYCCKOFO ASbIKA B 3ANMCH MPMHMMANM YACTHE BMKTOP PKTOPHA KOHCTAHTHH MPHHCKAM JOBOBb BOMIOCEBAY LINGUAPHONE INSTITUTELINGUAPHONE INSTITUTE LTD, 207-209 Regent Street, London, W.1 And throughout the world Copyright All rights reserved PREFACE 'An ideal system of instruction for the learning of a foreign lan- guage should fulfil the following essential conditions: (1) It should be suitable for private or self-tuition as well as for class-work, and should conform to the best methods of modern language instruction. (2) It should impart a practical conversational knowledge of everyday subjects, while at the same time it should also convey, in a clear and concise manner, the essentials of grammar and syntax. (3) It should enable the learner to think in the foreign language, without any process of translation, by training him from the very outset to associate the foreign words he encounters with the objects ‘or actions they denote, He will thus acquire the ability to speak the language naturally and instinctively—in the same way as he learned his own language when a child. (4) Finally, the learner should be taught to speak the foreign language with correct accent and intonation, ‘The Linguaphone Method of teaching languages by means of specially prepared language records and text-books admirably fulfils all these requirements. Linguaphone Courses are now published in more than twenty languages and are in use in practically every country, while leading Universities, Colleges and Schools throughout the world have incorporated them in their curriculum, ‘THE RUSSIAN COURSE “The Linguaphone Russian Course is equally suitable for children and adults, for entire beginners and for those who have a theoretical knowledge of the language and wish to become proficient in the spoken language. “The Course consists of descriptive talks and conversations which have been recorde! on fifteen double-sided records. ‘There is also a special Sounds record. ‘The text is in easy-flowing and perfectly natural idiomatic lan- guage which would be used by educated people under similar Circumstances. Practical grammar is introduced into the text of cach lesson and is absorbed by the student as he goes along. The 3companion books which go with the Course give detailed explana- tions of grammatical points, idioms, and so on. The illustrations, which have been specially drawn by the well-known artist Herbert Gwynn, form an integral part of, and perform an important function in, the Course. Full particulars as to the use of the books in conjunction with the records are given in the Students’ Instructions supplied with the Course, In order to enable the student to follow easily the words spoken bby the records, the first lessons are spoken very slowly and dis- tinctly, the rate of speech increasing as the Course progresses, so that in the more advanced lessons a perfectly natural rate of speech is heard. Inasmuch as no two speakers of a language speak alike, differences will be found in the pronunciation of the speakers, but every one of them can be accepted as a safe model for the general student, while for those who make a special study of phonetics, the various dif- ferences of detail will provide ample scope for study. ‘The student who masters this Course will have acquired a thoroughly practical knowledge of the Russian language, both written and spoken. Not only will he have a good grasp of the grammar, but he will also have at his command a store of useful words, colloquial expressions and idiomatic sentences, which will enable him to enjoy to the full his contacts with Russian people. At the same time, he will be able to understand and appreciate Russian literature CONTENTS Plan of Work ‘The Russian Alphabet Sounds Record. Instructions Text of Sounds Record First Lesson.—The Family in the Sitting-room Second Lesson.—The Visitors in the Sitting-room ‘Third Lesson.—The Nursery Fourth Lesson.—The Drawing-room Fifth Lesson.—The Dining-room . Seventh Lesson. : Eighth Lesson.—The House. . : ‘Ninth Lesson, Tenth Lesson. Eleventh Lesson. ‘Twelfth Lesson. —The Restaurant ‘Thirteenth Lesson. —The Station . Fourteenth Lesson. —The Post Office Fifteenth Lesson.—The Seasons Sixteenth Lesson.—The Stores Seventeenth Lesson. —Russia Eighteenth Lesson.—Industry and Commerce Nineteenth Lesson—The Farm ‘Twentieth Lesson.—The Seaside ‘Twenty-first Lesson—The Steamer ‘Twenty-second Lesson.—The Theatre - ‘Twenty-third Lesson.—The Tobacconist’s ‘Twenty-fourth Lesson,—The Hairdresser’s ‘Twenty-fifth Lesson.—The Tailor ‘Twenty-sixth Lesson.—The Dressmaker : “Twenty-seventh Lesson —The Doctor and the Chemist Twenty-cighth Lesson—The Money Exchange and Enquiry Office Twenty ninth Lesson.—The Motor Car ‘Thirtieth Lesson—Radio Page u 2 18 22 26 30 34 38 42. 46 50 54 38 62 66 70 4 7B 82 86 90 94 98. 102 106 110 ug 118, 122 126 130 134PLAN OF WORK As the learning of Russian presents facets not encountered in languages that use Latin characters, it is necessary to modify to @ certain extent the plan usually adopted with other Linguaphone Courses, and to amplify itso that your studies may be made as easy as possible. THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET. There are some letters in the Russian alphabet which have no equivalent in English. ‘There are some which correspond to letters in our Latin alphabet both in form and sound. There are others which have the same form as Latin letters, but which have quite different sounds. It is impor- tant that you should grasp these differences and similarities at the beginning. ‘Therefore go through the Russian alphabet (given on pages 8 and 9, both in printed characters and in script) in order to obtain a good idea of the outlines and pronunciation of the Russian characters, paying special attention to the similarities and dif- ferences and reading carefully the Notes on the Russian Alphabet. ‘Then master the Sounds Record in accordance with the instructions on page 11. This will enable you to read printed and written Russian, and to follow the text of the lessons with ease. RUSSIAN SOUNDS RECORD. This record gives the various sounds and combinations of sounds found in the Russian language. ‘The text of this record, reproduced in printed characters and in script, will be found on pages 12-15. INTRODUCTION TO RUSSIAN GRAMMAR. After master~ ing the Sounds Record you will find it useful to read the Introduction to Russian Grammar, which gives an outline of the rules governing the Russian language. There is also a formal Grammar for refer- ence. RECORDS. Having familiarized yourself with the contents of the Introduction to Russian Grammar and thus gained an insight into 6 the characteristics of the Russian language, you are now ready to undertake the study of the Russian records according to the Stw- dents? Instructions supplied for that purpose, which you are advised to follow exactly if you wish to gain the full benefit of the Course.THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET ‘There are 32 letters in the Russian Alphabet, of which two or three sounds only have no exact equivalent in English, French or German, ‘The Russian spelling, being almost phonetic, is very simple in- deed. ‘The full Russian Alphabet with the approximate English equiva- lents is given below. Aa aA a like @ in are a bet Dee ee o rr Te os got a Deo : dee ee 1 Meet eee azure Cae ee wal Mu he iaiesttee cel a u« yon boy A ‘ a qa Ad iene Peat bill Ma A ad > om ” mill @ ena pee ts syRussian Sounds Record No. I Xa, xe, XH, XO, XY, XOXO, XOXOTATB, XOMYT, aX. Ila, Um, no, Ne, MBI, 1, HO, HY, Heb, nem, oBna, emp, 1e31. Ua, ue, uit, 40, 4yit, ail, yell, BA, UbE, OU, eveHeH, Hows, Tes. Ila, amma, men, wima, mane, Garumut, aura, Illa, me, nut, my, euté, yr, poma, noun, mérra. Boma, Guat, Guin, mua, MIB, Med, Hoa, noma, TowbKa, CTO, CTOMb, CTA, CTA, Tama, moms, Towa, JOH, Te, MMB, MHIM, Mca, WEICHHA, Rast, Rab, RONNHA, BEI, BIE, BombHBAIL, Basi, BAB, BAH, JonaTa. Burr, OTB, ONT, ONT, WITHA, mHTb, HyT, HYTb, MbET, NET, CTATb, HARYT, HAAyTB, tor, TérA. Tlorox, orons, 2H, weHb, Ton, Tenb, Jon, nem», jeHBrM, na, Hans. Xopoum, xopommuit, GoxrwH0, Gombuolt, THAEaBIit. Banaue, cocromue, menue, Moit, mom, Moe, océal, ope, onéc, Hee, KoTé. Uspupiii, mean, cuér, web, aeATE, MERE, nuémia, muéntEtit. Ceabsofi, Bora, mérox, aérnuii, aaron, sariuit, TOT, 97a, 9TO, MOT, Hac, YaCbI. Tly6, pos, apyr, Bor, pan, wont, Bos. Tlonna, noaka, e6op, K omy, croperb. obporo, ero, oxtoro, nuuero, Koro, Moero, ceromHA, iyumiero, cilirero, nlepporo, rayxoro. 4 Ta, xe, 2, Xo, Xy, KoXaL, XoXOMAME, an. Lye, Up, Uy 9, ye, Lb, el, re, Uy, yom, Wire why, Upeely Upeel = La, x2, UL, to, Yk, Lall, xell, 42, Te, OU, HOLE, Hots, 10xb Ua, axa, ued, uUUULxe, ace, Faxucwne, Kad, ya, Wage, Wet, Uy, ene, utp, prouser, Botte, Roter, Sat, tb, Mil, Mis, Net, NOk, NotKa, NodésKa, CMa, MOA, Oma, CMake, AANA, Note, Naka, ACH, ALK, MUAH, Mutik, ACL, ANCHE, Jase, gaat, gounna, Bret, bunts, bontenss, hat becue, baeut, onama, pace Seume, Sums, Erm, neva, ruvms, Dyn, pra, een, Tens, mam, KagYm, hagy me, < mom, mend. Teron, evens, el, ens, mon, mans, Dox, gens, Se Lepr, Xopouut, Soteno, Sorstott, mrrcearsit. Paras, Cocmornue, UemeKnue, Mok, MOR, Moe, oer, ofr, obte, Kec, Komen. “epaait, WLOAK, COM, DHeHML, Deacemenl, ULeAt, Meni, NUmeHHail, Gyanoit, Tiere, 020k, uerkiul, Marck, marci, agi ae ymo, nesm, Hac, AACE. nob, Opyr, Fev, pag, Kone, ee eae, pes Desire, 10, onc, Hwrero, Kare sMoCLe, CWloghet, sapere, cuer0, nepboro, aayeere. , 1sLESSON 1, DESCRIPTION Un handeoritten characters) B vocmunoi co Med, a uarenno: Hedyana, dadyuka, ombly, mame, Coun, dors w pedexor, Dedyuna cagur b Kpecae we Hyfuuem Tiadqusca mone cugum & pecete tt Aumarm ‘. 6 nuuem Co urpacm 4 war. R&noK uy 4B keynes TEXT OF LESSONS Aawur - matensKok Iebourr, Qeborta- MAALKEKOLO MALU. Manor, Ieborka ua pedenox-mpoe demett. Omen, Honan © peg umd oe1, CEMbA B TOCTHHOR MIEPBBIA (1-H) YPOK CEMbsI B FOCTHHOR Ha orolt kaprime nao6paxtena rocrunaa. B rocrumofi cespn, aumento: nenymea?, Gabyuka’, rren®, starb', con®, nouB® u peGeHoK”. Tleayuma cna 2 Kpecate® 1 Kypur Tpy6Ky. BaGymna Toke cru B Kpecae uHTAeT KHHTY. Oren eusur 3a croaiom® 1 niuleT HicbMo. Mare urpaer Ha mparnnol®, a youn moér mecenky. Com urpaer Bats. PeGéxox mrpaer & KYRA. Maasunn—6par? manensKolt nesourn. Hevouxat—cecrpa® maxeupkoro ManbunKa. 1. eds 5. Cum, Gpam,sasbuue 1. Peston 2 BeGyama & How econpa, deooe 8 Kpecso 2 Bet ae Le Macuins, nepowxa 1 peGéHox —Tpoe nerTell. 4. Mone 10, Tuan Oren m mars —poauream THX TPOHX WeTeH. 18 19PASTOBOP Uro nao6paxteno Ha sto KapTHUAKe? Ha kapriike nao6partena cemba # rocritHoit. HKakue uma waxoqatca B rocrunoiti?: Tlexymxa, Ga6yurka, oren, mare, now peséxox. can, ro nenaer wenyunka? On Kypur tpy6xy. ‘Uro memaer GadymnKa? Ona unraer KEnry. Uro genaer oren? On cuaur 3a cTouoM M MMweT MHCMO, Uno nenaer Mars? Mars urpaer wa maximo. Uro mesaer 1045? Hou noér necenxy. Urto nenaer cH? Cum urpaer B ata, Uo pemaer peséHox? Pebéxox urpaer B Ky KutbI 20 Kiro par ManeHBKOH nenouRnN? Manenbriii mameune —Gpar jenourn, Kiro ceerpa peGénxa? Tlenoura—ceerpa pesémxa. 212. TOCTH B FocTHHOR ae rocTH B rocTHHOA Ha otoii Kaprunke wa06paméx mpuxon rocrelt. Yernepo rocreli BXoxAT B rocrunyio, Onm npuurnt npopecTit Beyep c cembélt. Dro— anal, réra®, noemanminn® 1 natessnntat. Cayzkanxa® orKppia mat nBepb. Marb® anopopaercn 3a pyxy ¢ Téreli Mar» ¢ pagocrito serpeuaer TérI0. Mazenpruii MaqbynK HM ManeHbKad fepouka creat oOuATE cBONX jHOIOpOAUEIX Opara i ceerpy. Tat xepact naemsnmmy 3a pyry. Tana—6par orna? 1 cent nexyun 1 Ga6yurKn. Cems oven’ pana Buyer rocrei. TLietanmne a nuemanniiia—nsoropommre 6par 1 cecTpa MaJeHBKNX MaIbulKa HM WeBOuKH. 1. Anda 4, Taeswana 1, Omey Z Tema 5. Cayoeana 8 eovuxa PeGénox tore xBoIOpoRALI GpaT nAeMANAUKA MW e- 3. Maes 6. Mame 9. Babys Maruti. enymna® 1 GaGymna® oven pant BumeTb cHOUX Revell it BAYKOB. 2 23PA3POBOP ro pxogur rocrustyio? Tocr sxoaar 6 rocrunyio. Kro atm roctu? STo—nAgA, Tern, NeMAHEUE 4 OemaHAnMa. Cxtombxo rocreti? Tocreii—uertipe venonexa. Ckompko yenosex Bcero B rocTHHolt? Pas, 10a, Tpit, versipe, HaTb, mecTb, cemb, Bocemb, REBATE, NecAT, ORMMMAANATS,—Beero OmMHARHATE enone. ‘ro nenaer enyscama? Ona orxpsipaer xeepp. ro menaer mare? Oua ayoponaeres c rocramu. ‘Uro nenawor manenbKue MaNbINK 1 RenouKA? Oun Geryr oGHaTs cHonx mBoIOponMEX Gpara um ceerpy. Fax wasumaores peru mann w rer? Oun HasbiBaloTes NeMAREMKaMM H NaemABRNMAMH. Pana a Mamenbrant menoura Topnjath enor KyaHHy? Ja, ona neticrourenbno ovens pana. a Uro roBOpHT MameHbKAA eBOUKA? Qua ronoput: «3apascrsytt, Bepowxal Hy, xan nokupaenre?> ro orsevaer Bepa? Ona orseyaer: «Over xopomo, criaciGo, a aK TH? GHAA Aes Costa u 2oemu By3. DETCKAA Thue Kowa Mozoxo Hemp Moex Bepa Hana Peséuox 26 Kyxsa Towads . Hemera xpoeamra Hove roeuee TPETHA (i) YPOK ETCKAS Tlocmorpure wa aTHx cyacraBnx jereii. Onn Bee SaHfTB CBONMI HEpyUuastit. Ux noSpue pommTesH Hanapisnt HM BCAKHX KpACHBEX urpymier. B mercxoii uersepo pereit. ‘Sivaa!, caman crapuian, qaér KouKe® mozoKo®. Tlérp* urpaer ¢ Hoeanom®, a Bepa’ 1 una’ ¢ pe6éuxom® BxonnT B KoMHaTY. ‘Siuse necats aer, Merpy socem», Bepe nar, a pedtuny TOMBKO BoceMManMaTh MecmneB. JInaa na xBa rona crapme Merpa, a Tlérp na tput roxa crapmre Bepst. PeGénox—camnifi mramuuit 8 cembe. Bee nerit XouaT B ukomy, Kpome peGéuKa, Korps enyé COMMIKOM Mad. Cerogua oun ocrasich Homa 1 nposonAT Bpemm B urpe co enous nrpyurKasat. Y JIuan u Bepu Gompuine Kpactsne KyKas, a y Herpa aomagp?? 1 napoBos. Bee ati petn moGar cBonx pomuresteli 1 HAHIO. Korga om yeraior, x yruaaHBator crlaTb Buyurre am But nerekyi Kponarky!? Oua crour w yray Komarst, aPAsroBoP Cxompxo net Bepe? Uro pemawor perw? Ei, 0 Kpafineii mepe, nar ser. Oun urpaior cBon urpymnin. CxomKo pam ner? HKarue y unx urpyuikn? Mue mpenannate ser. Y Hux HeckomBKo KYKO:, HecKoubHo nepenanNBIx aouiazox, Hoes Kopyer'? m mroesp. Kak sosyt atx nereli? Mx sonyr: Tusa, Herp u Bepa. Tne peCénon? PeGéHok Ha pykax y Hamu, Fler wis 6 uxony Kro camstit crapunuit 13 oTux nereit? Jluga—caman crapuiaa. Hro camsiit maaqunitt na aTux xereii? PeGénor—camexit maanumnit. Kro erapme—Térp wa Jlusa? JIusa crapme. Cxompro ner JIuse? Efi necats mer. Cxompxo ner Ilerpy? Eny pocemp ner.4. TOCTHHAA = | rH i r Hew 7 Kwucrnoa aan 8 Kaew 9. Onno 0. sep 1 ‘Dopmsepa Muansno Tab ypemna Cmox Topwor © yeemas |. Kpecio 30 . Emyt Mean Kremna 5. Hos Kostp Bananeet) UETBEPTDIM (4-H) YPOK TOCTHHAS Tlofixéstre & rocrinyto H MocMoTpHM, uTO B Hell Waxo- surren. Haneso—neyy!. Céoxy mewn crour kunnesit mam, noakM KOTOporo noOsMB KHuT?. B ray6ume rocrunott naxomuren oxo! 4epes Koropoe B KOMHaTy MpormKaer cBer. Hanpago or oxiia—anepb®, saneutentian noprbepoti*. Ha apyroi cropoue Komuarm crowr muannno?, na KoTOpowt iterKar HOTEL. Hepex nario crour ra6yperka’. Tocpenn Komnarss crour croa®, a KoTopoM HaxomuTeR ropuiok ¢ upeTami??, Kpome toro 8 Komuare ecTh um mpyran MeGenb, Hart Hanpumep: Kpecto™, cry, suman! n sactenpritit cTo~ NK, Wa KOTOpoM cToHT RneTKal. Hom!6 noxpsrr xpacnBuim Koppom'®, a ¢ noTomKa cnyexaeren saeKrpitieckan mocrpa. Hpn nacrynaenun cymepex sananeci? aaxéprusaioren. 34 PASTOBOP ro Bhi BUANITe B KoMNaTe TaeBO? Haneso mai BuuM Newb. Haxan oro mews? Bro xaparrepnan pycckan New. Uem ona ormmuaerca oT anramiickoro Kamnua? ‘Tem, wro ona narpesaer KownaTy He oTKpuITIM orHést, Kak B Kamnne, a TeroToli cBONX CTeHOR. Yro emé Bet BUANTe B KOMHaTe? Kawxasit mean. Yro naxomuTen B KnuKHOM mKaNy? B wé wor KHHT. Kar ocremtaerca Komnara? Coer npoumnaer 8 Kommary Hepes OHO. Due crowr mannuo? Titanno crour y erent. Gro naxomuren nocpemune KoMHaTH? Tlocpenune Kostnarst cronT crozt. 32 ro HaxomuTeA Ha crore? Ha croze crour ropmiox ¢ mserantt. Kakyt meGemb emyé BbI BuanTe?: Crya, Kpecao, sanenbisit cron 1 anwan. Yest noxpstr noz? Toa noxpsr Kpacnsim KoBpom. Pye naxonuren aocrpa? Ona sucut na noroaKe.1, Xoo 2. Xoaaine Tocme Cramepms 5. CTOSIOBAA. 5, Bawooo ©. Cyo0« 1. Banaeee(s) 34 8. Kapmuna 9. Tpodiei 10. Iaexmpuseenay no empa TATBIA (5-H) YPOK CTONOBAR Tlepen Hamu cTomoBan, B KoTopoit oGeqaior yeTEIpe yeslonena, a UMenHo: xoasuu, xoaniixa® u poe rocteli*. XoaAwn W XogsliKa cHAAT 3a OAHIDE H TeM Ave KOHIOM croaa, a FOcTH—M0 cToponam ero. Crom, waxpuipaemntii Azim oGena, MoxpLiBaeten Genolt cxarepTbIo*. Jlia Kawnoi nepcons KaanyTen Hom, BIKA, TOHKA, Joma, camera H KyCOK Xzte0a. p Ha crone cron tapemit m Gmoas, corOMKH H Tepe mma. B cynne? waxogaren GyTiiouKu ¢ MacstoM, y' coeil, a Takike ropyHuHMUa. cyCOM Ht B 6ydere, crommem Haseno, neprtar Bee BeuUt, HeoO~ XogUMLe JI CepBUPOBKM CTOsA. OGex nayenen W Aakeli nonaér cym xosntitie Komnara xopomo meSamponana Ha one scat wéaKopiie sanape Kaprunsi® om oxornuusi rposen® pasneutanst 10 crenan. Kommara ocnemaeren atenTpieckoli suocrpoii'?. 35PA3r0BOP: B koropom wacy 6yner oben? B cemb uacos. Korma npikaxkere waxpsipatb Ha cron? Haxpotire 5 nozopitne cenbmoro. Ha ckombKo yem0Ben? Ha versepux . . . Pocnona, norkasryiicra o6enaTs . .. Dro pause Meco, r. TlasioB, a Tam Bamte, r. [erpos, Kro cugut 3a croaom? Ba cronom cimar xoamun m xosntixa, rr. Mpuuénss, 1 moe x rocreti: r. [lap:ro u r. Tlerpop. Kro npneaysupaer y croma? ‘Slaxeli npuenyausaer y cron. Uro wenaer enyra? On nogaér xoanlixe cyn. ro ronopur r. Hanson? On o6pacuaer npuumny cnoero onoanannn. ew noxpsrr crost? Crom noxpuit 6estoit cxareprbio. 36 Gro HeOOXOMIMO HMeTE KazKHoMY 3a OGestOM? Ba o6eOM KarKNOMy HeOOXORHMO HHMeTB: HOA, BITKH, OAH, plowEH 1 camtberky. Yro naxonusred B Gygere? B 6yere naxomutca Bet HeOGXOMUMOE AMA CTO. 37Aoenadwams (waco): Beenadyame wacon ous (wou) furs sutym nepeoe0 ecame sung nep= 4 5. 6. BPEMA Hemaepmie wecmoz0 oadyame —swmym deenadyamo20 1 Headyams name sr nym daenadqameco 38 7. Mosveuna deenadyax 8. Bes deadyamu manu snunym dsenadyans WECTON (6-H) YPOK BPEMA CytHu—o70 onIH eM’ u oAHA HOU, TO ecrb nBaRnATL geruipe vaca. CYTKU HATHMAWOTeA HM KOHNAIOTER B MoT hows, BABenannars! acop Hom, Een mponito posxo CTOLKO-TO YacoR © Hava CYTOK HM MIHYTHAM cTpestKa crour Ha yenamATH, 970 TopopurcA Tak: gac (1), RBA yaca, WIM Mpocro—nBa (2), TPH Vaca, HH MpocTo—Tpit (3), Hecate acon, m1 mpocro—necsTb (10) # Tak namee. Butparkenue «B epsom Yacy> anauT TO 1Ke caMoe 4TO coteaRy wenAMATbIO MW TACOM, «HO BTOPOM Yacy»— MeNRY Yacom H MBYMA W TAK naNee, “robs ormaTD pena 10 1 Tome MonymHA ToROpAT—vaC MHA, YC HOU, UiecTs YacoR Yrpa, WecTS YAcoB BeYepa, H TAK nasTee. Bares, wo-pyecku rosopurem: nate MunyT mepsoro® (12.5), xecars summyr nepporo’ (12.10), werner mrecrorot 5.15), noagnaTs MunyT aBenamnatoro® (11,20), aBamuaT® Titre MUMYT aBenamaroro® (11.25), momoBMHA AReHan- naroro? (11.30), 6es RBannaT nATH (MYT) RBEHARATE® (11.35), Ges avanuaTn necnTs (9.40), Gea erBepTH Yac 45), Gea necaTH (Munyt) BoceMb (7.50), Gea HATH WBA 55). Ho pMecto «ecath MumyT mepsoro» moxtHo ckasATS CLBEHARHATS LeCATb, BMECTO “HeTBEPTh LecATOTOr —ensrh nATHAMNAThy HW TAK Wamee. Tak ropopat oco- Gemno, Korna Heo HAET O MPMXONE H OTXOME ToesLOB Unena oGosnayawrca tax: nepsoe (1) sam, mpamaTh neppoe (21) snpaps, cenbmoe (7) no6pa. IIpo rona OBOpAT TaK: THCAYA TeBATRCOT TpUAUATb BTOpolt Toy (1932), um mpocro TpwauaTb Bropott ron. Pyeckas Pevomonust mponaomma ARARNATE HATOTO ORTAOpA THEAIA Renarscor cemuamuaroro rona (25. X. 1917). 39PA3TOBOP Vanunsiock, Bit Mowere mue ckagaTb, KoTOpsIti 1c? Karkeres, neannars usr munyr ojmtinannaroro, Ho Molt Yacht BHepén MHHYTB Ha Be. Cnaci60, mo mom acam eu TombKO yerBepTh, TAK 4TO ovesnaHo OHM oTcraior. Kerari, exarnre noma. ayticra, cKombKO OTCIORA no BoKBama? Yernpe xunomerpa ¢ neGompmum. Ieuom oto Gyner He Menbie vacy. CkombKO BAI yenaere B Hac nemkon? AA nymaio, or natH fo mrectit KioMeTpos. Bro He naoxo. Hazlo nosombuo Osicrpo wrTH, 4To6t cilenars KisioMerp B qecaTb Munyt. But crete? Ja, cnemy. Mune wayo nonacrs wa noeaq 8 onuHHan- uaTb Tpiquars. Tak ¥T0 mpuxonuten Topo HUTbeA, WTOGM He onoataTe, Tyr Her Tpampast ? Hery, wo xoTure, # Bac nopBesy Ha Moeii Mamune? Mune scé pasyo exarh mimo BoKaama, MEL Gymem Tam 3aGnaroBpeMeHHo K MpiXoAy Ballero noesna. Cnacu6o Gommtoe. Bac ato ne sarpyauur? Huckonpno. Capurecs. DAT HECKONSKO MIBYT. TonsKo pam npuéres Bro miro, fl pam oven 6naronapen. He serper» # Bac, A Mpawo He 3HaI0, YTO Obi A REMAN. Bu, nosuzumomy, we axeununii. But anecb nazepno Heqapno? 40 6 Jla, we ovens naBHo. FI c Henemo, KaK romty y omHuXx sHaKoMBIX. fl mpMexan naTHaAUATOrO mona. Hak Bi HaxoqnTe Hamm Mecta? Mune onech ovenb upapuren. fA oGnaarensHo npueny cioga omar 8 Oyayuyem rony. e209 Bex deadyamu decams Ber vemsepmu wae Bes decamu (sunym) socens Be namu (atunyr) dea Rose 411, Tocmes, xpowams 2. Canyutt 3. Hodcmaexa da nos0- ‘mene 4, Vsentea ssn 7. CANbHA Kyau ‘Mucka, mas Meraonuya Tyaxemnasit emo Bepxaso 2 10. it 12. B. 14. Burdousenots aur Mlemxa u epet nna Tapoepo6, wan Banas Bawa CEMbMOM (7-4) YPOK CIAJIDHA Ha o7oli KaprunKe us0Oparkexa Kpacunan cnaabua. Dro aysniad cnasbis B Tome. B ueli cront xposare! non nonorom, sauumtatomn ciiauero* OT cKBOsHAKa. Tlocrens? coctour wa Tpéx vacteit: Kponaty, mpysiH- HOFO MaTpalia H Tlo)AKA, Ha KOTOPHIX MocTAAHEL NpocTEt- HU, OfeAa M cTéranoe ofeAo, a auMof TaKnte nyxXOBoe onento. Tonona enamero® nemut Ha nonyurax, Hox KOTOpEIMH waXoanTes Baa. B Komtare naxoqutea paatuanan meGeab. Haaeso crost noxcrasKa® aan noaotenen # ywbipamb- nu. Ha yuuinanbuime—aea xysumuna’ ¢ Tasan® 3 nbttb= Huga.? Baie & KposaTa crowt TyameTHEtit cTom®, cHaGsKeH- Mbit aepKauoM® MoTpeMA BEIRBINKHBIMH smuuKAMH??, B KoTOpBIX Xpaliaten aparouenHocTH, TyameTHBIe MpiHan- Herkuoctu, mérKu"!, rpeéunu"!, nygpenuna u qyXH. Hanpano or tyasetHoro croaa crouT rapaepo6!?, 8 KoropoM BUCsT KOCTIOMBL it M:IaTbs. Ha oroit »e cropone Komnaria HaxoguTem Bannas®, omenéimant or cnaabum satazecsio. B pannoii naxonutcr ncé HeoOxonuMoe, vro6st npUNATE Banuy. 4aPA3TOBOP Myére cnars? Ha. Zlaitre ame, nomanyiicra, eneyy, emuuxn 1 Ka1104 OT Moeit KoMHATHI. Kaxoit Homep pauieit KomHaTis? Tareiit. Honanyitre xmo4. Cnoxoiitioi wom. . . « Xopomto au ena? CnacnGo, ovens xopomto. YaoGna mt sama Komara? Ia, enacu6o—ouens yqooua. TocrarowHo 11H Guisto Bam oHoro onenma? Bnonne! Cnacu6o! Mue 6tino ovens Teno 1 Ges nyxoporo onesa. CxaKure, nomamyitera, mpu- ciyre, ¥70GEI npuHocHaAH MHe Kaxtoe Yrpo ropAYy!O Bony. Konesno; s Koropom vacy sxemaere? Xorem 61 posno B Bocemb vacoB. Tipuxaskere paadyaure Bac B MooBitHe BoCbMOTO? Her, paa6yaure mens serneptb eBnToro. Korga skenaere mrs watt? Tipuuecute ero mute B KoMHaTY B deTBepTb ReBATOTO 44 Herat, ecrb au y pac meno? Ta, Mbiio y MenA ecTb, HO MHe Hy*KHO emé Bpyroe nonorenne. Berna aM uMmeeren ropavaa Boxa maA Banner? Ha, monere Gpars anny, Koraa Bam yrosHo.8. DOM BOCbMOA (8-) YPOK OM Buepa yTpom o_uH 3 MouXx Apyseli, sammnaionusi Kpacusyto fa4y nog Mocksoii, npuriacua Mena x ce6e. fl c yaonombersuem npmana ero npura upapwca K HeMy mocae oGena. HEHE HOT Jim c¢ HeKoTopHM saTpyaueHuem oTLicKan A ero nom}, Haxoanmuiicn Ha yeuMHeHHOi yume, Byam oT RCAKOTO TOpoNcKOTO ttyMa. Onmuy nam ero. HeGoapuioli no paamepam om, BbicrpoeHtntii, OveBIMO, OcHOBATeTbHO, aaKmOYaeT B cee BCE HeOOXO- juMoe uA HomHOTO Kom*opTa ceMbs Moero Apyra. B wém aecaTe KoMHaT: YersIpe Ha meppom sTamKe’, a octanbusie Ha Bropom? u Tpetbem®. Loponxa® nexir K ROMY, Meped KoTOpHIM HaXOAUTCA mysKaiiKa? Ww pasouTEI kitynont, I[lupoxan mpuxoan u sectanya BexyT 10 Beem acta oma. Cksoap OTKpEITYIO ABepb BIB ReMIATKA WIA BepxHero NuaaTbA H TOT, 3BOHOM B KOTOpEI COGMpaloT ceMbIo 1 oGeny. Hanpano or noma waxoguten opanixepea®, 8 KoTopoit oe aon ee Moit Apyr pasBomuT BCeBOBMOMHEIe NBETEL. 2 opoesa 5. Opanacepes es Haseso—sxog 8 Gompuiolt cax, cHadmaroumii moero Apyra acenoamonkusmn ¢bpyicranin 1 onoutasit. AA necbma npuatao nposéa nemsit nenb 1 Boapparuacn Homoit oven moanHo. a7PA3TOBOP Tpneakaitre B apyr ji pas m ocTaHbTecb NosoAbUIe. Tae nur aiutnére? Boabuioe cnaciGo! A npueay wa caexyiouel we- Fl nuny na Hurnoit yaume, womep 4. ae B10 B nentpe Mocks? Flo canna. Her, ato 8 Samtocxnopespit. He xorute am 3aiitn Ko MHe? C ynosomersuem. Kax x pam exats? Bosbuém stor tpamait m yepea nomaca Syne noma. Dro nam nom? Ha. Manosar nemtoro; Kax nant Kankeren? « , OH HeBenHK, HO BBIFAAAUT O4eH’ yI00- a Mepawi smaxe 4+ Bmopoi 2mane Dro coneputeno BepHo, B HéM ecTs pemmTeTBHO nce € Tpomul amare yaodersa. Muocri mpocum. Cnacu6o, Ho BEI MeHA HaBMHMTe, A Monro ocTaBATBCA He mory. Bo peak city4ae pit ¢ HaMit HosanTpaxaere? Viseumure, x comanenimo somKen orkasarecn, we mory. B raxom enyae aarnsuure a moji can wa munyTy. C ynosoascranem. fl ovens xoren Ont nocMorpers ero... Bait cay ovaponatenen 1 npexpacto conep- nares. Tla, # passomy 6 Hém ncé HeoOXonuMoe ans Hamero Xoaalicrpa M Jake nocbisaio Koe-¥TO Ha PbIHOK. Kaxoe nupioe mecto. C socroprom nposéa 6x1 ecb HECKOMBKO acoB. e 99. HPPEI HW CIOPT EBATEIA (9-H) YPOK HPI H CIOPT B Poccim aceraa wrpaa p pasisie arpst, Ho chopT 8 coUerBeHHOM cMBicne caona cTaa pacnpoctpaxaTeca yombKO Wexasno. Crapsie pyccKMe urps—aanta it ropomxu. [3 axramitcrix urp ocoGenHo moro urparoT » pytoom. Vrpaior we npukacanes K aay pyKamu. Kowanga cocrout ua onnunaqnata venonerx. DytGombasie mara 8 Mockse npiaaekaor Tenepb He MeHbure spiTeneit vem p ANT. Cnopr uaér pyka 06 pyky ¢ dusuueckoit KyaBTypoit, nan KaK CoRpaMiéaHo roBopaT—dusKyasTypott. Bomb~ unnctro Momogéxu B ConercKnx ropoxax—duanyme- rypuet. Bosbuie cnoprusasie u uaxyabtypubie cocra- sanin wasbipaiotca Cnapraxagamn. Tviapnsie Biset (uakyneTypsi—Ger?, nperikKi, npeokonesanue npenat- creuii®, MeTaHue juIcKa M Konbs‘, miaBaHue, H, KoHedHO, canbe pasnoo6paaubie numb rimnacraxm. Hapmy ¢ TUMHacTMKOl Gombmloe sHayeHHe UMeeT OOyueHMe BOeH- HoMy jley, CTpoto u crpemBGe. Itpyrue pier cuopra—Goxe® u ppannyackan Gopp6a. Barem cKawku u Gera. Ha ckayKax cKawyT cKaKOBBIe aouams, Wa Gerax Geryt peicaxit. Pocena caman noxXoxsutan crpaxa sum aumHero cnop- ta, Hararbef 4a KOHBKaX MW XOQHTA Ha AbKAX B Gob- meli sactu Poccun MorHo wei aumty. JIpyroe mio6ustoe sauiaTHe—KaTaTbcA ¢ rop Ha calaaKax. Muoro npocropy u ama oxors. {uy Muoro. Mor- 1. @yméox0) 3. Mpeodoseaanue npensmemeuis 5. Bowe Ho crpenaTs He TomBKO YTOK M BCAKy!O nTWNy, HOM 2 Bee 4. Memanue sore saiilien, MMCHIL H BOmKOB, MeaBenel u ZOcell. Kpome §usitieckoro cnopta, 8 Poccum muoro urpaior B waxmars. Pycckue ove xopoume uiaxsaTstcrst. Heckomsxo pycckux Obi seMnuonaMm Mupa. 50 51PA3rOBOP: Kanoit sam mo6usttt su cnopra? FL we nponyckaio Hu oxHoro Goabutoro hyT6omsHoro Maq¥a; Ho ToubKO B KavectRe apirenm. CaM A aBHo yore we urpan. Crap cram. A npeatae Bot, anasir, putt 8 KoMane? Kare, a Osi xanGerom. Ho otomy yoke xecaTe aer. Tenepb, 130 BceX BlgoB cnopta, A Tomo nenaio rummacrary mo yrpam. A BBI, rosopar, yeuuenio sanumaetech 1érKoli araeTHKOt? Jia, m prarnpatoce p Ger. Celivac A Tperupyioes Ha nate ‘piers (5000) MeTpon, Ho Mory Bac YsepuTS, ¥To peKopaon cranuTb He coOuparocb. Kpome Toro a euié rslanaio, Ho H TYT HMKorga He Gyny Yemmuo- vom mupa. Ho pot Karerea emé oXoTHUK? Ila, oxotume 1 put6or08. Hocelt 6uTb NpUXogHTOCS. Ha meqneneli ne xomy, @ Bu xopoto erpenaere? Yeny we npomay, Ho coctasarsca Ha crpemb6y 8 Tyga He BosbMycb. A Bhi? Her, y Meu spemenu ner. Cammxom xazexo npuxo- auTcH esquTb. AB pbiGHOli NoBAe A HMKOTZa He Mor HalirH Hivero MHTepecuoro. Ilycran tpara ppemenu, no-moemy. Ecait yas cigets Ha oHOM MecTe, Tak aYuule yk XoTb ro0Boll paGoTarb. Bur urpaere maxarei? Tia, a sory cxagars, uo xoBombuO upuaHO. Bui yuacruouaan B typuupax? 82 9 Yaaersona. M pag urpaa nporie Aaéxuna, Korma on UIrpail oslWonpeMenHO Ha TpHNNATH KByX HocKax. FA Guin onUH 3 TpUMNATH RBYX, HM, MpercransTe cebe, BHA HIME.10. YSIKUA 54 : g 1. paxoseut, newexod 2 Tpomyap & & TECATEIA (10-4) YPOK YyJIMUA Mut Haxopumen Tenepb Ha ogHoli ua rmaBHBIX ya Jlexmurpana, Gusuero Terporpana, aastsaemoit Hen- ckHM mpocnextom. 9ro ogWa W3 rnasuetimmx aprepuit crosmus. To oGeum croponam ysunst Haxonsten Mara- NHL, POCTHHMUH, pecropantt u Kodelimite, rae Mpoxone? MoryT HOMy4HTh BCE, ¥TO yronHO. Temexonst xoxar no tpotyapy®, a mo nopore? we- hpeptisto RBIMKYTCA TPaMnalt, OMENGycH, aBTOMOGUA, HBooMEAt. Tpampan 1 omuu6ycul XoNAT no onpenenénHEIM Hanpa- BACHHAM, Q UOBOZYNKOR H aBTOMOGIAT MoHHO 6patb, kyna yronHo. Koneuo, npoean wa uanosumxe 1:11 aptoMo6ue CroHT ropaano moporke, vem Ha oMHuUGyce mm Ha Tpampae. TIpoexars tpamaaem Bech ropox 13 KoHTa B KOHeN cTouT copepmentere nycraKit. Bevepom yanmst ocnemaiotes aaeKrpiyeckuam ist ragopniait hoxapamn®. Onna ua xapaxrepaeix sept Herporpaza—ato 6omburoe Kommyectao Gysbeapos, cao WM napKos, B KOTOpHX nyGamka oTmbixaer B cBoGomHEIe Yacll. Lemuit nent 1 Gombmyo yacte Hou Henexatit mpocneT Tonon zBwKyuelica Tomnolt. 5510 PASTOBOP Bateanut aut bot Korza-nuynb 8 Herporpane? Tia, Guia tas onnarinet. Kak Bam nonpanusach pyccran crommua? AA npexpacuo mponén tam Bpesa. Cxonpxo ppeMern pit mpo6unu Tam? FI mpoOsi 8 Herporpae ooo neem. Karoe sKe snevarmenue npoutanesa a pac Hama crommuta? AI Gua B woctopre or we’. Pansine a name we mpexctasnan ceGe, To ropon Moret GsiTb TaK uaymutenbHo KpacuB. A kax baM noupapuaace nerporpagenan Mane? Mue Gsi10 Tax xopoulo TaM, To nomonuTeMBHO He XoredOch yesKaTh, m A MewTaIo Tenepb, ¥TO Korma’ nu6yms onats nonany e Terporpax. Koxesno, HONTOHCKAA 7KiSH copepuleHNo Hecpapnima c me ‘Tporpanckolt. Betpaam a0 Bet B Kart uNGYib TeaTpax Mm MyseAX? Ta. B ocoGennoctu ame noupasuaucs Exatepimun- cuua rearp Ostpurmit Myzeit Viamepatopa Anex- cannpa Tpersero. 56 10 Bunean JM BEI Geabre HOM? K contanenmio, wer; Osis 8 Mlerporpane ocexi0. ennepad sv1. Focmunaya 1. POCTHHHUA 2, Aemosobuse 58 3. Lopoca OBMHHAAUATBIA (11-1) YPOK FOcTHHHYA Koraa B nocsequmit pas Ou & Mockse, # ocranosua- en B roctummne! KeBaMit Mt BEITIMBKOM 1926 PASTOBOP Uno nam yromHo, mayan? He momete am culuTh MHe Zernnii KocTIOM? C ynonoanersuem! Canurecs, oranyiicta. fl ceiiuac TOKa‘Ky BAM MlOccIeMHMe MomHbIe *ky PHATE. Cnacu6o . . . Ho ayecb copcem HeT KocTIomosB! Ha, ux teneps sano HocaT. Bompurero vactbio, kaK But BIUITe, JeTaOT TATE M HOymaAMIHOe albTO, Mpauéwt nomKoanKa m2 Toro we MaTepmacta, m3 KoTOporo ciuniTo Mis1aTHe. ‘Uro we, A myMaio oTOT hacou Mue Brome nopolinér. He monere sin nloKagath mie oOpasist MaTepnit? Hortanyticral Kar pas ceroann nomyyenst opnie o6pas- Ist WepeTAHLIX 1 WeTKOBHIX MaTepHii. Xopomo. fl octanosmoch wa Tom TémHO-cepom cyKHe q18 nanbTO. A YTO MOAoUITO GH Ha HTATHe? Jaa niatea A RyMai K BaM MOMOiinér BOT 9TOT TéMHO- Kpacustit ménk ¢ MexKuM pucyHKoM, , Kpome Toro, Teneps oro casual Momutati user. Ja, 910 mpexectmuiti pucywox. ‘Tax octanosiica Ha ném! Hoapoaste cath c pac mepky roTos Yepea Heste:n10. . 3axas pam Gyner Ouews xopomo. B takom cxyyae a mpmay Ha mpi MepKy B YeTnepr. A HeT a y Rac TOTOBEIx seTHNX TAATHeB, Hs HeMOporHx? Kak Ke, manam, 1 Gomburoii emé Bsi6op. He yronno mi nocnorpers? Momo nomepurs oto natbe? 120 26 Koneano, nomamyttera . . . [Ipexpacio. Touno ua Bac cuMT0, TAK XOpOmO CHANT H ONeHD Kt Bas WET. A ne karkeTcA 1M BaM, TO OHO HeMHOTo [INHHOBATO? Jla, nomanyit, uo TombKo camyio Masoctb. 1 mory ero am ykopotuTs. Tloanompte Ha Bac HaMeTHTD. Jia, Tenepp aye. Moxer Guth pst ero mpuroto- Bue Tone K HeTBepry? O, na, Koneuno .. . Jo canyanna. 12127. HOKTOP i ANITEKAPb 1. Hoxmop 2. Bosenot, nayuenn 4. Cmemocron 3. Mucesuennti cmos 122 TBAQUATE CEALMOM (27-H) YPOK JOKTOP Hi ANTEKAPS Towrop'—apyr uenonevectea, On oGservaer nannt crpayanna 1 neu nau Goseantt. Koraa Kro-nuGyab Gomer, of nocettaer 8a 1oKTOpoM uum cam ugér x Hemy. J{oKrop mpocur Goxsuoro? no- Kasatb eMy AIMIE, UIYTAeT ero Nystbe, craBHT rpaaycuK i BEICHYUIMBACT FPYA H cIMHY, YTOGE YanaTl cocronuue aHopoBba cBoero nanueHTa. Cyenanumt juaros, LOKTOP npennuctinaer Gombiiomy coornercrayromyro AueTy HM Mpo- nutcutpaet nexaperno. B Poceist 1oxTopa cami O6sIKHO- BeHHO He WSrOTOBIALOT eKapeTB, a TOABKO MinMIyT peuent, 10 Koropomy B anteKe apmayestT upuroronsiner neo6- XomMMoe seKaperBo. Kpone aerapers, waroroninemiix uo penenty, B arreke Beerwa MOnHO NOWY4NTH paamtutste mpocruie Ges0- TacHble cpenerBa, Kak-To: ciaGurenbuBIe, Base, KaM- dapuoe macuo, rauuepun, munepasbubre BOND, TIACTEIpH, unaios, BaTy M Mpoyee. Anrexy slerko yaHaTh no BBIcTaBseHuLM B BuTpuHe kpyruam GyTAAM, HaromenHuM Boxoft, oKpauerHol B paannie apkue uBera. 12327 PASTOBOP Moasno mu niger noxropa? Her, on yexa x Gombimm um Bepuéren TomKO 1 onmmnanuarn vacam. Ero upnésmte wacnt of osm namara to vacy. He aemaere mt nogomnaTe? A mnoro amt yoke tammentrop onutaer? Her, put epmuit. Xopomto, B raxom enyuae A HoROAMY . . . Bupancrsyitre, MoKTop. Bmpancreyiire. Canurece. “ro ¢ pawn? Al ce6a nexopouio uynerayto. Toxantnre, nomazyiicra, nau. Jla, nani n10xoll, lysibe opombuO caaGuit, He HepeGoaun. Crpamacre JU BBL roxtoBHtoit Gomnt0? Ha, 8 ocoGenmocrn no yrpam. A wanoit y pac annerur? Her nuxaxoro, Co nuepaumiero ana t nour nuyero ne ca. Y bac *emymox He B HopaaKe, na u cepaNe HewHoro Homazmnaer. fl npommuy paw nexaperso. Byzere Mpunumare ero nepen exoit apa pasa B xenp 10 cTomoBoll HOAKKe, HM 7KeYLOH BAL cKOpO ToNpaBHt- cA, a orHocuTeNbNO cepa A nam Ram HeKOTOpHe conerni. 124 27 Byaute moGesmst mpnroronur aeKaperBo m0 9T0N penenry. Yepes mecate sunyt Gyser rotono. OGomnure, norkayitera. Tpueamre. Cnacn6o . . . Cxombso exenyer? PyOms naannare nats. Torsaayitera. Cacu6o. Jo eeuzanns28. MEHSUJIbHAA SIABKA Hl CIPABOYHAA KOHTOPA JBAQUAT BOCLMOM (28-%) YPOK MEHSJIBHAA JIABKA HM CIPABOUHAA KOHTOPA Mensabibie napKi HaxonaTca mourn Ha Kanmolt mo rpanusnoit cramum. B mux moro 3a maenbKy%o ROMHCCHIO, KOTOpy!0 Mensa? ymeprtMBaeT B CROIO MONb- ay, pasMensaTh unocrpannme meHbrH Ha XomAyy!O B RanHoii erpane Monery u naoGopor. Bbi morkere nouy- NUT KaK souOTYIO, TAK M cepeOpaHyi ua memyI0 monety. Tipu pasmene Gombumx cymam oGuKHonento mpocar Gymartnbe zenbru, KoTopste sere ttocuTs. Jfenp- rit MeHAlOTeA TaKKe B GaHKax. B Gompumx roposax umewres enpanownue KouTopst, Te Momo Noy¥aTD Bee HeoGXoRHMBIe cReeNMA Kaca- TenbHo NyTemecTBnit He TOKO B LanHOil crpane, Ho mM 3a- rpamueit. B 97x KonTopax yacro mponawores Gumeret WMENESHONOPOMULIX H MAPOXOAHLIX KomManuii No Hon Haibuoli croumocru, 4TO, KOHeYHO, ABIAeTCA SombUIMM ynoGernom. 3nech *e MOmHO MomyaTh enemenus oO pasmMaHEX rocrununax. TloqoGnme enpanownne Kon Toph HHOrNa OkinaIOT MpH MeHAITHEEIX sABKAX. 12728 PA3roBoP Paamenaiire me, noxauyliera, ua pycckue neusrn nar- nzauarb dynos. C yaououncrauem. Kype ceroqua senate pyGuelt copoK TpH ¢ NosoBntol KoreliKN 3a dyn. Tomko? Yononbuo unaxuii ype! Dro ceronuaumuit Kypc. Kar aeaere nosyunre, aomoTom wim GymancKanu? Haiire, nomanyiicra, cro py6nelt Gymaakamu, a ocTamD- une soz10ToM 1 cepeSpom it NesHOro Mest. A xoren Gut cneanurn B fury. Kaku nytém Mie AYUNe exaTb Mm CKOIILKO GyneT crourb npoeay B xéerKOM Barone? He mosere sn cxaaare, TIpome scero pam exarb ao Cepacronons. Ecan Hoewere naccarkupeKuM noesgoM, y Bac Gyqer mepe- cama B Cunectbinkone 1 Gwter Gyxer cronTs Bam ABenaquars pySuelt cempaecar Tpu Konelixu. Ecem XOTHTe NloexaTs B Gecmepecanouriom parone, Bast nyzkuo Oyser ast Kypwepexnit noean, orxossuutit B nowoBitHe teenToro yrpa. Ha atom noeane pam npunéren mpunaarure emé pyOs nsrHagnare 3a cKopocts m nomTopa pyOmA 3a crraxbHoe Meco. Ma Cesacronona qo Hurst Moxere npoexars mim napo- XonOM, pyGib ulecrbnecAT NsATh KonecK B KaIOTe 128 28 Broporo Wulacca, MIM ABTOMOGHJIeM MecTHOIL KOMMa- uu. Tloeazxa anromoGustem 4epes Baiigaperie po- pora ropaayo unTepectiee MopcKOii, TAK KAK nopora AeHUT MO YANBUTEHO *KUBOMUCHO! MecTHocTH. Pe noconeryere mie ocrantopurien p Aure? Sysmaa rocrumuna w flare «Poccua», Ho ecaut But nymacre ocraThea 8 fle Ha HecKONBKO Heme, TO TAKE MOUTH YAOGHO, HO aHauuTenbUO meweBse, char MeGamponanny10 KoMuaTy, KoTopste craroren MYT JIM He B KanIOM ose. Ovens sam Gsaronapen. Jo canaanus 12929, ABTOMOBHIIb JBARUATS AEBSTBIA (29-1) YPOK ABTOMOBHJIb ApromoGusu? cranopnten Bcé emese H nemesne H ckopo, Morker ObITh, HactynMT Bpema, Korma Karol padount Gyser uMeTh BOSMO?KHOCTD HMeTH CROW MAMIMHY. Masenpiie mectuenmbuste Maumunt 8 Yeritpe utHHApA MOCTYNHLI MHOTHM; RecATHCHABBIE YeTLIpPEXMECTHEIe aB- TomoOuaH, KoHeNHO, ropaszo yqOOHee, HOM sHaNHTeTbHO noporke. A Gomme apTomoOHAN B ABARNATE, mecTh- HecnT m BoceMBNecAT cH NocTYyMUL ToMbKO GoraTbIM monaM. Orxpsirste apromoGuimm cTaniopATcH Menee nonyzApHBt, Tak KaK oN He RaoT yKpHTHA OT Ro-AABeTpa. Tlepex- Hee crero%, marke noguaruii Bepx®, maso nomoraroT. AstomoGumcrs1 npexnounTaior saKpsTsre aBToMOGHH, B KOTOPLIX OWI YKPBITEI OT XOzTOMA I BeTpA BO BCAKY!0 O- roy. Toko ronounme apromoGus ocraioTeR oTKpHI- Tom. Kyson, ¢ mpyxciiimnt cumenbasm, cront na macen. Mlacen—na Kowéeax'; Koméea—cuaGenst uminam c nosmymmsnnt kamepamu. [lox kanorom®, nosajin payua- ropa’, HaxoguTcn qBHratenb. Wlopép ynpananer ¢ no- Momo pyast; y Hero Mon pyKolt puuar cxopocTel 1 danowrsun 3. Bens 6 Paduamop ‘ropmoa. SanacHoe Komeco npusenano cau. Ono He 2 (epednee) emesi0 oneco facoe neaniis $ Koco Te oGxonumo Ha cnyyaii, ecu sonner Kamepa mu upunérea MeHATE Komeco B Nopore. B Poccum, 8 ormmune or Aura, apromoGuancrst RomKHEE Hep?KaTHeA MpaBoit cropons Ropern. 13129 PASrOBOP B uém yeno? He sia. He mory aapectu mammny. Hanepwo ato kaxne-nn6yab nyctawn, vero-n6yn weno- emorpea, Benn y pac ects? Bensnuy ckompko wazo. VM Boga B pamatope ects. Beé kak enenyer. Her, nanepio, 170-70 nestanno ¢ MalunHoli. Kar kapGroparop? Kap6wpatop tore B nopanke. A npurarens? But enews nposepatn? Kak p01 xorure, vro6st a nporepiar eneusu, Korma MalinHa He pelicry eT? Buaunn, cé Hao pasodpars . . . Burunte, we saropaioren. But ‘ro-unGyzb nommmaere B Manne? Posto muyero. A BL? MA cronpxo-se. IIpunéres puapars mexauuxa u3 rapana. Tloanousre x Hum, nontanylicra, mo Tenc- ony; nonpocure mx npuenaTs cioxa Koro-mGyZ6. Xopowo. Horga on mpmaér, uyauo Gyner emé mare eMY MOMHHMTh KaMepy sanacHoro Koneca. Ja, 0 ckanorre, vro6s emé aaxpariat c coGoil AucTHa amponarmoli noxmt gain Garapeit. FL aymato, ciexo- Baio Out. 132 29 Bcé? Mnerpymeur y vac ecrs? Tlyame cxancrre, vrs om cpolt aaxparum. f Goce, 470 MOii KTIOY Man AWA Marnero.30. PARMO TPHALATBIA (30-i) YPOK PAHO Mao ncex uso6perenuii, Korna-nnG0 cmeaunEx YeT0- BevecKoii MUICAbIO, payo, WII GecmpovoroMntit Tene ‘on, onto 12 camnix yauBHresbuBX. C Momontbio panto BBI Momkere pasropapHparb ¢ veoneKoM, Haxonamutics B Apyrom nomymapsi. Bot morere, cima y ceOA oma, cayular Myaniky, KoTOpaa Hrpaer BTHCAYAX KuIOMeTPOB or pac. Ocrasancé B JIonzoue nam 6 Tlapwike pit Momkere KaMKIbIM Leb CBIUIATE, 4TO roBOpAT B MocKne. AA cnyuiaio panno Karkablii Reyep. Kax nce so6urem, A Hayail ¢ mpocroro AerexropHoro npnéwmitKa ¢ Hayumn- kat 1 antrentioii na Kpsime. Ho tenepp y Meum mpué- HK B MATS saMM, ¢ paMoUHolt artreNHOit it rpomsoroBO- puree. Peayabrarst campie aysimme. Beso nemroro ‘Tpya 1 MOry BLIKNOUITh MecTHy!O craMum 1 NpHHATS mobyto cranimo p Espone. fl coscem me cnenuamter pamionesa. VY mena ecrb onmu alaxomnii, soropuiii BIMIOM SHATOKA Paccy*AAeT O AUUHE BOMB, 0 Garapeax, © KoneHeaTopax, 0 BEICOKOM 1 HHSKOM HanpAUenttit, 06 HHAYERIUMONNEIX HM UpyTHX KATYMIKAX, HO [IA Meta 9TO ae& Ktraiickan rpamora. C Met jocrarouno, 4To A yMelo HOBOpauiiBaTb KHOMKH, H HacTpanBath Moii Mpném- iux Ha TY craHmuno, KoTopas mue Tpebyerea. Panto mie ovelib romoraer ¢ MHOCTpaneintt sAStAKAMIt; aro onmuce moxcnopse K mutactunKam JIunrRapona. Mue ne nao sua otoro ake aoBitTb mmocrpasHne Cran num, Haura umtpoxoseuarensuan craniuta 8 Mockse cama HeckombKO paa B Hegemo naér mporpaMMy Ha aHTUMICKOM, HeMelKoM H @pannyscKoM sBLIKe. 134 135 1. Teseeusop30 PASTOBOP Hy, kak pan npuémaun? Havero cee, xorm nocaeniee Bpemat Y MeHA aaTpya- HeHNA ¢ AANBHHMH cTaHIMAMM. DTO HaRepHO To rona. Kaxyto craruino pot xotute mpuststt? Mockny. A nam yaéren npmmumar sarpaniunste cranumn? Mnoraa yaaéren. Ho y Mena npuénmn 8 tp namnst, 1 naeKO He NocHenHero OGpasna, TAK YTO HHOrRA Y Melita niwero He BLIXOTHT. ‘Tume. Ectb Mocksa. Cayuraitre. Uo onm ronopar? Celivac Gyner cooGmenne no-aurnuiicxm, 0 xone noctpoiixn — J{uenponexoit —rimpoamerrprveckoit cranumu. Torom Gyger konnept 8 Boabmtom Teatpe. Bor cefiuac naynérea Kommepr. Tue. Cmyuraiire. Bu cosmure ax Hactpanpawor opKeerp? Bor paszamucb angogucmentst, 970 zupwKép sans cBoé MecTo. Uro oun Gyayt urpaTs? Y pac ecth nporpamma? Ect... Bor, nayanocs. But terlepp camm yanaére. Dro narerieckas cumponun UaiixoncKoro. Yyauo! He npapza au? WM nogymaemm toxbKo, NTO BOT MUI CHALUM ¢ Ba ayeCh u CHYUIAeM 3a THAYY KustomeTpoB: 136 30 Ila, neiicreuteano. Ko Gxt wor ceGe npeyerasuts, ser, ckaKeM, [BaqWaTb MATh ToMy Haga, 4TO BOT cus y ce6n toma B Xapexone, mut Gyqem cxyurath Konuept 8 Mockse. Ta, aro sro,—Bt Morkem purkaioTs Mocnay, 1B Mruopenme oxa nomyunTs Bepann, man Beny, 101 Tonxon. 137LINGUAPHONE Introduction © Russian Grammar LINGUAPHONE INSTITUTELINGUAPHONE INSTITUTE LTD 207-209, Regent Street, London, W.t ‘and throughout the world corynicur Introduction to Russian Grammar Tux ao-called “ palatalisation,” or softening, of the vowels and consonants plays a great, and important part in the Russian language. Every ‘‘hard” vowel has a corresponding “soft” form, and practically every consonant ean be palatalised. ‘The palatalised consonants have no special letters to represent them, ‘nd their palatalisation is expressed either by placing » (soft sign) after the consonant or, ifthe latter is followed by a hard vowel, by turning the hard vowel into the corresponding palatalised vowel. But what is actually meant by “ palatalisation ” ?—Physio- logically speaking it is a narrowing of the opening between the palate and the back of the tongue whilst a sound is being produced. AA few illustrations will make the process clear. In English the softening of a vowel is generally brought about by placing “y” before it. Compare, for example, the italicised letters in the following pairs of words:—all—yacht, hard—yard, he—ye, bet— yes. Only a few consonants are palatalised in English. A good ‘example of such palatalisation is presented by the letter “n” in the first syllable of the word “ onion.” If the student will care- fully watch the movements made by the organs of speech in pro- ducing the paired sounds he will easily understand what is meant by palatalisation. ‘The following is a list of all the Russian vowels in pairs:— The hard:— 8, 9, 8, 0, ¥. ‘The palatalised (“ soft”):—m, e, u, 10. Later on, when studying the Russian declensions, the student will see that there are two forms of declension—the hard and the palatalised—and thus « knowledge of the above list will save him, as explained further on, half of the labour necessary in studying the declensions. ‘An important rule, the firm knowledge of which will save the student a great deal of trouble with Russian nouns, verbs and, especially, adjectives, is the following:— ‘The letters r, x, x, 1, m, and mt have peculiar affinities, they cannet be followed by the vowels nA 10, and these are re- by the corresponding m, a, y. This, indeed, may be called. the “golden rule,” because of the part it plays in lessening the student's difficulties, ‘There are two other letters in Russian: o and e, which may give some little trouble to the student on account of their propensity(2) either to disappear or to appear when the word is changed in form. ‘They are called the fugitive o and e. O usually disappears with- out leaving any trace, and e often changes intos. For example: con (sleep)—genitive ona, mem (stump of a tree)—genitive mun, a (ice)—genitive na, PARTS OF SPEECH Now, let us tur to the consideration of various parta of epeech, ‘The Noun:—There are no articles in the Russian language, #0 that, say, cron may mean equally “ the table,” “‘a table,” or “table.” This peculiarity of the Russian language does not present any difficulty to the student, as the context always hows quite clearly whether “table” ‘‘a table” or “the table” is ‘meant. ‘There are three genders in Russian:— ‘Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. ‘The gender of most nouns can be easily deterthined by the ending of their nominative case form. "The characteristic endings for the genders (nominative case) ; H, oF b (genitive case—A). case—1), Feminine: a; A, or & (geniti Neuter: 0, ¢ of sat. ‘The nouns take different terminations in order to express various relations between the objects they denote, thus forming ‘what are called “the cases.” There are six cases in Russian:— ‘Nominative (answering the question: who, what ?) Genitive (wy > Wwhowe, of whom, of what?) Dative (8 3 to whom, to what #) Accusative (3 * whom, what !—usually de noting a direct object after a transitive verb) Instrumental (answering the question: by or with whom, by oF with what 2) Prepositional (used after prepositions). The same case is called Locative when used to indicate place. Examples:— N. The father is here Oren anécs. G. The father's book. Kimira ormd. D. I give the book othe father. FA nab rantry ora. (3) A. 900 the father. Al maby ond. I. __ I went with the father. A noma ¢ oru6u. Lor P, Tapeak about the father. fl ronopio of omué. There are also two numbere—Singular and Plural. On looking through the Table of the Declensions (see page 12) ‘of Nouns the student will observe the following facts:— (a) There are in Russian three declensions, () The first declension has only one form—the soft or palatalised. (6) The second and the third declensions have both forms— ‘the hard and the soft. (@ The feminine nouns belong to the first and second declensions. (6) The masculine and neuter nouns belong to the third declension. On looking closely through the terminations forming the dif- ferent cases of these declensions the student will soon see that although they may “look” formidable and complicated, in reality they are simple First of all, the difference between the hard and the soft forms is merely an apparent one—the soft being only the palatalised hard, as was explained at the beginning of this Introduction... This reduces by half the number of variations to be learned. Now, let us examine the Table of Declensions and consider the terminations in greater detail. In the plural they differ only in the nominative and genitive; in the rest of the cases they are the same for all declensions. In the singular also there are only a few variations to learn, Take, for instance, the first declension— feminine nouns ending in b; the accusative is the same as the nominative and the termination for all other cases is 1, except. in the instrumental, where itis mo or si. By merely “ reading” the above, the student will already have learned the forms of the first declension in the singular. Let us now take the second and third declensions, The locative is the same for all forms; the accusative case in the second declension—feminine nouns in a or A—has a special form—y (or 0); in the third de- clension, neuter nouns, the accusative isthe same as the nominat- ive, and in the third declension masculine itis either the same as the nominative (if the noun denotes an inanimate object), or the same as the genitive (if the noun denotes an animate object).(4) ‘The instrumental of the third declension has special form— om (eu); for the second declension it is ow (eo). The termina- tions for the dative cage are: e in the second declension, and Y¥ Go) in the third declension. The terminations of the genitive ‘ease are: for the second declension #1 (u), and for the third declension a (f), and should be learned whilst learning the nominative case. ‘Thus in the whole seemingly complicated table the student has to lear only about half a dozen terminations, and then he will know almost as much about the Russian declensions as any ‘Russian does. ‘But there are exceptions, it may be anid. Yes, there are s0- called exceptions, but really they are not exceptions in the true sense of the word. ‘The student’s attention has already been drawn to the fact that the consonants r, x, x, m, ¥, m1 and 1 ean be followed only by certain vowels, because of their peculiar affinities. A noun the stem of which terminates in one of these consonants is certain to be “ irregular” in its declension in the sense that although the noun must belong either to the hard or to the soft form of a declension it will use the vowels corresponding to its afinities, fand thus produce the effect of having irregular forms. Take, for example, the word rauira, which is of the second declension, hard form. One would expect (if one had forgotten the ‘golden rule) that the genitive would be sanirs, but of course it is not, ‘as wis incompatible with r and is always replaced by the cor- responding , thus giving 1aatrx, as if the word were declined in the aame way aa the soft form. ‘Thus it is declined as follows:— Sing.: xinira, xonira, xmire, xoniry, Krol, o Kmire, Plur.: xenir, xan, iermiran, xonirn, raviraaM, o roUATAX, There aro also other kinds of exceptions. ‘The Slavonic language, of which the modern Russian is a development, had six declensions, and some traces of these declensions atill survive in the form of irregularities, chiefly in the genitive (and, to a certain degree, in the nominative) case of the plural and in the termination ¥ (with the accent on y) for the locative case, co {fron (corner) —loc. case: yrary; mow (foot)—loe. case: nosy ‘The Pronoun:—The Table of Declensions gives the declension of the pronouns: 1 (2, mx (thou), ow, oud, oud (he, abe, it, (5) xero (who), so (what), not only because one constantly has to use these pronouns, but also because the declension of om, oma, ‘ond gives the key to the declension of the adjectives and ordinal numerals. By learning the declensions of the pronouns, one, practically speaking, also learns the declension of the adjectives and ordinal numbers. ‘The Adjectives:—The Russian language is wonderfully rich in adjectives, classing as such also the numerous “adverbial” adjectives or participles. ‘They are used in two forms, the Jong and the short. The long is called the attributive or “ full” form (spaciisutt (pretty), -af, -0e). The short form is called the Predicative (xpacits, -a, -o). The attributive or full form is used when the adjective precedes a noun and it then agrees with the noun ingender, numberand case, The predicative form is mainly ‘used when the adjective is the predicate of a sentence, and as euch it has only four terminations, which do not vary, namely, any consonant (for masculine), a (for feminine) and o (for neuter) in ‘the singular; and wt for all genders in the plural. It is formed by cutting off ait or off from the masculine attributive form, e.g.— attributive m. sing. xpaciisuii; prodicative m. sing. xpacii, It will be seen that the attributive form of the really the predicative form with the pronominal endings of ox, oud, on added to it, with certain modifications. Hence the remark above to the effect that when learning the declension of the pronouns one is at the same time learning the declension of the adjectives Again, asin the case of the nouns, there are two forms of declen- of adjectives—the hard and the aoft; but they are really one form, if one looks on the soft vowels merely as palatalised hhard vowels (which is the right thing to do). And here again it is especially important that the student should always bear in mind the “ golden rule” about the consonants r, i, X, 7%, % UI and ut which, in the declension of adjectives, ate particularly troublesome owing to the mixing together of soft and hard endings. Ifthe student will carefully analyse the declension of adjectives in the way in which the declensions of the nouns were analysed he cannot but artive at the conclusion that the declension of the ‘Russian adjectives is also quite simple. ‘The Numerals:—All ordinal numerals are declined in the same(8) ‘As regards the cardinal numerals, it, will be sufficient at the present stage to-give the declension of oxmnt, ojuta, omw6 (one) Singular. Plural. ‘Mase. Neut. Fem. —_—Allgenders. N. omint ed ond oma G——owwors ommord ome oni D. omoury omouy ono oxynie A = NorG ommé omg, =N, or G. L omni onmnio omHomt omar L.orP.o6 ommiu = 06 oud = 06 ont | 06 onmix Most of the above forms will be familiar to the student even at this stage. ‘The student should note the following peculiarity in connection with the Russian cardinal numerals: A substantive following ‘omnitt, om, onsid (and any compound number terminating with this number) is always in the nominative singular, e.g. omit crit (one table), aBamars omim etd (twenty-one tables, lit. “table.”), A substantive following asa (two), Tpu (three), erie (four), as well as any compound number terminating in one of these three numbers, is invariably in the genitive singular, e.g. ana Opéra (two brothers, lit. “ two of the brother "), eépox ‘rpm ra (forty-three years, lt. forty-three of the year”). ‘This rule, however, applies only if these numerals are in the nominative or accusative case. If they are in any of the oblique cases they must be followed by the corresponding case in the plural. Sub- stantives following any other numeral are in the genitive plural, eg. mith coBé (five dogs, lit. "five of the dogs”). With regard to the numerals pa, "pH, yenispe, it must be added (and particularly noted) that if an adjective comes between one of them and the noun, the adjective, although agreeing’ otherwise with the noun, stands not in the genitive singular, as might be naturally expected, but in the genitive plural, thus agreeing with the sense and not with the form of the noun. ‘The Verb—The verbs are the soul of language, and if that is true in the case of other languages it is still more so in the ease of the Russian language. ‘The Russian verb gives wonderful expression to the genius of the nation, the mentality of the people and their paychology. On the one hand it is very simple, it has really only one tense and there is very little to leara about the tense-forms; on the other hand it is exceedingly pliable, and (yy can be put to many uses; it may act as a noun, adjective, adverb or conjunction, and is capable, by means of the so-called “at pecta,” of expressing most precisely any idea, any shade of thought, which the human brain is capable of conceiving. And here, in learning the uses of the Russian verb and the precise meaning of ite different forms, lies the teal difficulty of the ‘Russian language. This difficulty is the greater because there is no exact correspondence between the tense-forms of the English verb and the aspectforms of the Russian verb, The points of view are different. Tn their verbs these two languages stand, as it were, on different planes, and therefore there cannot be perfect equivalence between them. ‘The action denoted by the verb may be understood as being continuous, completed or likely to be completed soon, and also as taking place only once and very rapidly or as having been repested several times. To distinguish these various forms of action the Russian language employs the so-called “' Aspects,” fa term used to denote the quality or “‘ appearance ” of the ‘ction. For practical purposes the Russian verbs may be classified in two main divisions, after which the “ Aspects” are named, ie. “‘imperfective” and “perfective.” ‘The Imperfective Aspect denotes a continued action, without regard to ita beginning or end or resulta. Tt expresses the action in the abstract, as, for instance, a nonyséio micsxa, “I receive letters,” where merely the fact that you receive letters is stated without any further definition or limitation. Or it refers to an ction actually in progress, e.g. AI may micsaé, I am writing 8 letter. This aspoct has three tenses, Present, Past and Future, e ‘AA nomy nmosa6, Tam writing a letter ‘AA nneéan macoaé, T was writing a letter ‘AA Ofay mueéms mucom6, T shall be writing a letter The Perfecive Aspect usually denotes an action which has been ‘completed, or will be completed, and consequently it has only ‘two tenseo:—Past and Future. Another most important feature of the Perfective Aspect is that verb in that aspect directs the mind not so much to the action denoted by the verb, as to the results of that action. ‘Examples: AU wamwcést mosmé, I wrote a letter, really means that there is a letter which has been written by the person(8) speaking. Similarly: A nonywin micsa6, I received a letter. AA exany ex, 110 ne andio, I will tell’ him that I do not know, really means that I shall not only be telling something, but that T shall complete my action so that I shall fully convey the required message. $1 warmmry mcsm0, T shall write a letter— ice. I shall not only do it but the action will be completed. ‘As was mentioned above, the Russian verb has only one real tense, the present, which has personal endings. The future tense is formed by using the future tense of the auxiliary verb Ours (to be), together with the infinitive of the given verb (imperfective aspect). (Also the present. tense of the perfective verbs has ‘a future meaning.) The past ia likewise a tense in name only, in reality it is a participle whose endings vary according to. the gender and number of the subject of the verb. It is formed by changing the termination of the infinitive, m, into 2 (masculine), ra (feminine), 0 (neuter) in the singular, and a for all genders in the plural LP.: on mci, he was writing; ond nucina, she was writing; ‘oni micdum, they were writing. P.A.: on Hanucdst, he wrote; oi namucdita, she wrote: ont antcdm, they wrote. ‘There are two sets of endings for the present tense, differing only in the so-called copulative vowel: e in one case and u in the other. First Conjugation. ‘Second Conjugation. (or 0) -y (or 0) cr em % aM Te Te 3. -yr (wor) ar (-st) The subjunctive (or conditional) is simply the past tense with the particle Gut added to it. ‘The imperative is formed by changing the ending of the second person, present tense, into u (or Mt after a vowel) for the second person singular, and into 1m (or fire after a vowel) for the second person plural. "When the stem of a verb ends in a single con- sonant, and is stressed in the first person singular, the ending changes to -b in the singulaf and -bre in the plural (9) Write! Read ! Throw! smu suri! Gpoc-s ! wnmit-re! sarra-itre! Opoe-sre! ‘The third person singular and plural of the imperative are expressed by using the word myems or mycxat, followed by the third person present tense, if the verb is imperfective, or future tense, ifthe verb is perfective. The first person plural imperative is expressed by the first person plural future, and the softening article -re can be added, especially in eolloquial speéch. ayers om srréer, let him read yor omi sorrénor, let them read of, nofixéw-re, let us go The Russian verb is rich in participles (past and present, active and passive, perfective and impetfective), which are, to all intents and purposes, verbal adjectives; and alao in gerunds (past and present, perfective and imperfective), which may really be regarded as verbal adverbs, The Verb Gums ("to be”).—With the exception of the third person cor» (singular) and cyrs (plural), which are sometimes used, the present tense of the verb Gump is never used. ‘The omission of ects or cyrs is sometimes indicated by a dash. ‘Thus, instead of saying “ Iam an Englishman,” “ He is good,” “They are in the room,” one says in Russian: A—anroredron (Englishman), Ox—no6p (He—good), Omt » wosmare (They —in room). Past tense: Guu, -&, -o for all three persons in the singuiar and 6tiaut for all three persons in the plural. Pure tense, Imperative. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. 1 mOyay mw Ofnew a mar Grew mu Gyzero Gynt 3. om, omd, ond 6yner orn OFT The verb “to have” when used as a principal, not as an auxiliary verb, is usually expressed in the following idiomatic way (using the genitive after “ y”):—Future. shall have Y Re Gu, -a, -0 6gner Plrol, baa) (core) ene Cyayr t y mac 2 ynac 3 yum Literally: “with me (thee, him, us, you, them) is (was, were, will be)” og. y ment xunira, Ihave a book. ‘Thus, the con- struction of the English, French or German sentence is entirely changed; the object in the English, French or German sentence becomes in the Russian sentence the subject, with which the verb (when in the past tense) agrees in gender and number; for example: "Thad a book” —y meni Guat mira; “1 had the books” ers is as a rule omitted unless the emphasis is laid on it, eg. ¥ Meni ype sauiry, I have two books, but in interrogative sentences it is never omitted, eg. Eory ms y nac cmturat ? Have you any matches? In negative sentences eors is changed into wer (which is really a contraction of ue ecrs), the subject after ner standing in the genitive ease, e.g. “I have no book” —y mewi ner xenirn. ‘Another peculiarity of Russian vorbs is that they are very often used impertonally, eg. Tosopir, mo... It is said that .. 5 Ka aonyr Snax joréit? ux oonjr. . . . How are those children called ? ‘They are called . . . (lit. How do they call these children? ‘Them they call . . .) Reflerive termination c#i.—The student will often encoubter vverbe ending in ex or cb. These are called reflexive verbs, because the action denoted by auch a verb is regarded as being “"yeflected back ” upon the subject of the verb, ie. the subject and object of the verb are one and the same perscn or thing, eg. sum (to wash somebody or something), warmer (to wash oneself), the ca being a contsaction of coi (self—myself; yourself; him-, her-, itself; our- your-, themselves). This e- Hexive form is also frequently used to express the Passive Voice: Example: orén roxpundewea Génoi cxéreprsw, the table is qt) ‘covered with a white tablecloth. The on, or cb, is merely ‘added to the ordinary terminations of verbs, and does not affect the terminations at all. We now come to our concluding remarks concerning the Russian verb. "To form negative sentences the Russians place “we” before the verb, and leave it there even if there is another negative word in the sentence, but the double negative docs not make the sentence positive, as in English and German, e.g. a mmxoraa nie Guu (I never was, lit. I never not was ”). "To form an interrogative sentence the Russian places the particle amt after the verb, or—as often, if not oftener—expresses the ‘question by special intonation in conversation or by using the mark of interrogation in writing, e.g. the three sentences Gin su on Tad ? Gut om vant ? ox Gua Tase? All have the aame mean- ing: “ Was he there ?” ‘The Prepositions.—The prepositions in the Russian language fare numerous; some of them govern only one ease, some two cases, and some even three cases, according to the meaning to be |. They offer a certain amount of difficulty to the student, and the best (and certainly the easiest and surest) way to learn them is to deal with them one by one as they are met vwith in the Linguaphone Text, "As an illustration of the use ofthe prepositions we wil take here only two: (into, in) and ua (on, upon). If they denote motion towards an object they govern the accusative case; e.g. Ku1acTs saniry na némxy (to put the book on the shelf—accusative). If they denote a state of rest, location or position, they govern the locative case: e.g. xukra aenakr Ha rime (the book is lying ‘on the shelf—locative), om mer 8 nepénio (he goes into the village—accusative), on axuér » nepésne (he is living in the village—locative) ‘The Adverbs.—The Russian adverbs should give no trouble to the student, as they are invariable. But they are very ‘numerous—considerably more numerous then ia English, French or German—as, practically speaking, they may be formed from all parta of speech—from nouns, adjectives (the neuter gender of ‘he predicative form being used), numerals, pronouns and verbs (the gerunds). They must be committed to memory as vorabu- lary material.(iz) TABLE OF DECLENSIONS Decuxxsion oF THE Nouxs (13) TABLE OF DECLENSIONS Newer. Singular. Hard.| Soft. Nominative cone] | -a | 0 | Genitive alala|a fn Dative -y ||] -y | Inanimate objectans Accusative. Nomintivey Animate] T¥0stm0 08 bjt en Genitive: | Nominative Instrumental } om ew | -em | one Locative or ce elele|. Prepositional| ee) aes lea lee Plural. Nominative uw fa] a jw Genitive son -et|-en | cane. | on aot, Dative cam rm | sae | ame | ‘The noune devoting inanimate object—as Nominative. Accusative | Te eee ees grimate as Genitive. Instrumental Locative or Prepositionall ‘The Consonants r, x, x, nt, 4, mf, mt can never be followed by, a, 10, which are replaced by the corresponding ¥, a, ¥.Sing. FHP oan : pm poex or P. Sing. N. y PYppeZ Preoe ural (4) DECLENSION OF NOUNS Soft. “ mother ” ‘wars mérepit érepit Mam sedrepsi0 drepit sdvepy arepélt ‘warepint marepett |ymarepsivnt marepeaai} marepix Hori. “table” ros croata croay roa cronies croné cromts ccroatins roma cvonix. Femmane, Hard. room Omar, KOMBAT, oMHaTe ROsaTy ROMHaTOM womnare OMMaTEE omuaT OMmaTaM Osan OMuaraMaE kommarax ‘Mascon el “ guest” 2 — roeréft rocvin rootéit Soft. “aunt” “army” rea psa rem = psane rere pone weno pao rere pum rere pone rm pao rem poi ita pum Tem apwone ‘rerme — Gpraumar rerx —Spamax oft. parrot” nonyréit nonyréa rnomyro nonyrést omyrien omyrée nonyréne nonyréen omyrisas nontyréen omryrastat smonyrasax (5) ” AND “OUR” Neuter mo Moen) woos woe ovine Pi, All genders soit oie osm Nor G. oso mote spolt (thy) and cpott (one’s own) are similarly declined. Hori. Sing,“ armebair” N, xpéem0 G péeaa D, xpécry A péciio I pecs LorP. —_xpéere Plural N. xpéena @ xpéceat D, xpécase A xpécira L xpécitat L.orP, —xpéeaax DECLENSION OF “MY Mott, -a, -8 Sing. Masculine Feminine N, ott Moa G Moers ost D, Moeny moet A N.orG wow L note oe L.orP. moi most Ham, -a, -6 Sing. Masculine Feminine N, want doa G. némero dame D. wamewy uel A. NorG. way 1 ammo éumett LoorP. née dae amr (your) is similarly dectined, Neuter due vwaero naumemy dure aun. amen PI, All genders(as) ar DECLENSION OF SOME NUMERALS: “tmo” ee DECLENSION OF “THIS,” “THAT” AND “ALL” N. sypa* swdet spe poet G. myx mpoHx = ro Gan ata de D. mown q pot Ba A NorG. pote NeorG. posix ‘Sing. Masculine Feminine Neuter PI., All genders L neywt portant ‘pent seen Nino i fro im rs ae "es ‘pos @. troro Srot ——_Sror0 imax ie “four” ue D. ‘romy ‘brott ‘éromy, ruse N. senipe uéreepot ‘nAaTE mitrepot A Nor@. iy iro N.orG. G. sermpéx —semmepéix nami atepaix L rue sro rum Snout D, semupim ——_uerweprine nant naveptine LorP. trou dro irom eax AL N.orG, —sermepsix nary naTepicx T. serupesct —sermeprnant ane bata ate Lij.senapéx __serveptix mami arepiix ‘Tor, -a, -0, that Plate mae + Collective numerals ‘Sing. Masculine Feminine Neuter PI., All genders CARDINAL NUMERALS Noor 7 v0 re : 2 - @ tw ee P psae outa aa {0 clpor . - a, we : Tom omg em 3 ape 50 msroocin A NorG. ty 0 NeorG. 4 serupe 60 meets ccsir 1 Tew ot ew out Sonn 70 céseiecnt LiorP. Tom ro Tom ex 6 mcm 80 nécexaqecar 7 coms 00 seamudero 8 nocens ero Been, -a, -0, all 9 xéenrs 200 mpécr a 10 pécans 300 tpitcra ‘Sing, Masculine Feminine Neuter Pl, All genders 11 ova 400 eniipocra N. eee en es oe 12 pewdauiars 500 aot 6. Boers Beet neers oex 13 rpudsuaTe ono meena D. Boewy Boel enn oa 14 veripuamnars 700 cexooodr A N. or G, Be Bes N. or G. 15 maraaqyate 800 nocesmnobr 1. ‘woes poeh ace odin 16 wrecrsaquars 900 peaarbobr LiorP, oie Boel ode eex 17 cevardanar 1,000 siesta 18 pocestuéantaTs 2,000 ype mica 19 pesmmuaauams $000 mies atcets 20 swaanane 10,000 gos, rises 21 apdmuare omtn 100,000 ro sizensa 22 ppasame 28a 1,000,000 saxaintxcs) 9) Sort DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES Chaat, «aa, -2e, blue Sing. Masculine Feminine Neuter Pl., All genders Haz NX. ciamwth = inuan——citoe vince Kpectinull, -aa, -0¢, beautiful a. cimero ——caittett oiimero, ctr : D. — cimery —cintett «carey cat Sing. Masculine Feminine Neuter Pl., Allgendera A NeorG. inno cine N.orG. N. xpaciimst —xpacitsas —spiactoe .crimse L cfm = cine cme ate G: —epaciinoro —xpacitsollxpacisero pact Lior. cite cittelh cite cae D. —_—_xpaciizomy —xpacitpofi_xpacitmomy —_xpacitpane A Noor G. xpaciayio Epeniooes NvorG. *Xopoumuit, -aa, -ee, good Lop, Kpacluwe —xpacinott xpacimae —xpactisinan Sing. Masculine Feminine Neuter Pl, All genders, or. xpaciinom —xpacsinoit —xpaciisom = xcpacitmurx N. xopbumti xopémas xopoiee —xopoumme eed ee eee ee ““Maxem, it . ey Xopdmelt xopdmewy —xopoum ee R Yee zopiurye xopouee’ NeorG. L Xopéumum —xopéuielt xopdumme —_xopéunsae L. ing. Masculine ‘Feminine , All genders ‘ 6 ° x eae or P. xopouem — xopamtelh xopdmem —xopbuumx N. aizemuntt sinewsan ainesmxoe wisneinacte : Eanes G.—demsrore isemKo daexnnoro adsenticns Sen footnote on page 16 D. —mistenbicomy seinerKort isiemnonty —wénenttone 2 A NorG. sdsemiyo sdzemnoe Nor G DECLENSION OF SPECIAL “ RELATIVE” ADJECTIVES TL sdzeniom wénennio daewoo éenronar z LorP. winewiom wasewsitof wiztemcom — aientaanr Hlats, a <0, at, Noah’ ‘Sing. Masculine Feminine Neuter Pl, Allgendere aust, N. Hoon Homma Hoe Hoemus ee G —Wéesa—Hommon Hone Honmax ae es Hoepot Hem (bemnt ‘Sing. muline Feminine Neuter PI., All genders » mete Hees Hoong Hn wx N. Comms Gommin Gommée Gomume 1) Héemm = HésponHéemime Homan G. Gomméro Gomis Gommuibro oman LorB. Héenom — Héeno —Hoeno — Hemx D. — Gomuéuy —Gomsmistt Gommdary Goats , A NorG.— GomuyjoGomuse” Nor, Tident, 44, +0, 8, of fox, fox'e E a Samant omsaniien ‘Sing. Masculine Feminine Neuter PL, All genders L.orP. Gomuiim Gomuné Gommindu Gomme ing. bale No lou aes atleve ea J ‘he consonant, My at mt can never be followed Dy 3 G. — salcuero lene anenero hich ar replaced by the eomaponding wong OH i ome D. —micsemry —owelt_—aesemy see A. heat sero tics eben, nx Lear mieselt —suicuime esa Lor, micuem smicueti_ = smicuem = miconx(20) CONJUGATION OF A TYPICAL VERB Invenveunive Asrecr PERFEcrive Aspect Infinitive — to wish,” “desire” Konia, Tlontenées Indicative Prent ‘Tense I wish, am wishing, do wish a weni0 owes0 ™ sesh nomez-em 04 (6, 8) mené-er nomankor sa wondew oeni-est ma kemé-eve Tomend-ere Omi xema0r Tomexi-or Past Tense | wished, was wishing Thave or had wished (ingle and complete action) a wend-a(a) . noneent-aa) oa >Kemd-n(a) ™ nomené-n(a) os (4, 0) senda, 0) 0H (4, 6) noxen-n(a, 0) sor ead ane a mr xeniamt sx nonenk amt ont went cmt nomend-amt Future Tease T shall wish, be wishing T shall wish (single action), I shall have wished * Sguy meni a noncend0 mr 6yreum xenime ™ nomend-emms ox Gaon meni oo ue Gfnem enire a nomend-eat mG fore ments el one cmt Ofayr monies ont Domenh-or Conditional or Subjunctive T should wish T should have wished x eoan(a) Gut a momen-a(a) Gut oa pwoména) Gxt ™ wromesi-n(a) Ont om (4, 6). mand aa, 0) Ga 08 (4, 6) momende (0,0) 6x (21) Inpenrecrive Asrecr Pervecrive Asrecr vex xem Oat vo oreo Gi Red Gut Bu onkemi-am Ge cmt Kenda 6s owt — morkend-aun Ges Imperative seat! wish | rrosesté-t! wish ! | riycrs om Keni-er, let him wish myers om moxcené-er, let him wish sxené-itre ! wish (plural) oxeatttre, wish ! (plural) yer oni rkendtor, let them yer» om moxenioT, let with, ‘them wish Participles Active—Present conévo-mnit,-myast, -mnee, -mare None (one) who is wishing : Active—Past nomezi-mmuit, -af, -2e, -me mrené-namit, -aft, -0¢, -#e a (one) who was wishing wished Passive Prevent enieaeat, am, -00, te amemiea, -&, 0, 84 (Which) is None (being) desired Passive Past ent, aman, -1n0e, oxend-sms, -amtas, -m00, wenn, -a, -0, -u, which was desired axexin, whilst wishing None Pant sani mean, -puns, whilst (he, ete.) momend-, -pum, having ‘was wishing wished(22) PRESENT TENSE OF SOME VERBS IN THE EARLY LESSONS Funsr Consucarion urine, to read mpdts, to play wsob panne, to represent, omivo a arpa A so6parxdo ™™ wréem = ma urpéems Ta wooGparidems on urréer on urpder of mo6paxder sea sorrow. sax urpiew maz B0Gparcdem su suréere su urpaere Bux we0Gparxdere om sorrésor oni urpaior olnt mo6parxésor 1 petpestio A omesivo ™ perpeviem TH ometieam om netpeviet —o_—commender bar perpesiem ana ompendewt Ba nowpeséere —maz_ommesdere: ont nempewior owt oTmesior em, to sing nein, to write A mow a mmry mnogu, m2 mimenm on ner on mimer mt nota sox miniew Bu mode su mimere om noir omt mimy? Conjugation belong most verbe ending in an ffom edjetve (cy Sraperay to grow a); mon ier, tangy; verb in (Ze wos to De ale) “em, amne a Kypi a ropopid n onemy ma xefpmm ‘a rovopiium == ma cue ow gpar om ronopitr oa cum wa xfpune sax ronoprine sax ene mur Kfpire siz rosopiite sur cnennire orn fps out ropopér om onemée xomins,* to go saiinems,* tosee aun, * to sit a xoxh a Biby a apKy mm xhmm mz tM mz coxgiomm, on xo ox our on canter max xO var niyo ed wa xéquTe Barre mu cate om xénar ont aie exit Temits,t to lie xepmdrs,t to hold casanats,t to hear a nexy a nepay a exiamy TH neni = ma ep TIT, ox exci ot yépxuer ou cxviamirr nox aesine vax népraoe ed sur zencire Ba népacere su ensure out ener om népmar omk carsmar * a ht tad ht pr ght o* ses Cnn ng mt ive don wl Salone ch reer rt ty em ‘mentioned on page 22, and » few like umérs, “to have,” ywérs, “to be SESSA nee SOME IMPERFECTIVE VERBS WITH THEIR COMMON PERFECTIVE FORM (First line Imperfective : Second line Perfoctive) to take Gpate: Gepy, Gepéum pore: sor, B0oMEmn to be running Gemérs: Gery; Senin noGenkdins, oGencéme: sim.t 4 sim. conjugated similarly.to sce to lead to be leading to meet to go in (enter) to speak to give todo to hold to think to go (not on foot) to be going (not on foot) to cat to wait tolive to close to occupy to call to know erpesitb: porpesito, nerpewten sotpénm: scrpésy, norpériam axowi: mxonf, nx6s nepeane: repay, néprcm "nonepaare etn, agua! aa, a)naeae ronjart; stn. © AaKpHBAIO, aaKpHIBdei aKpén, eaxpbei samme; samo, zaxunsient ‘auwine: sation, sadam anare: 208, soot, noaparb: Mosoey, Hovonéim suamb: anaio, ander ‘yond: + See footnote on page 26 4 moronopiits means "to have a chat.” to play to be going (on foot) to represent, depict to put (lying) tolie to lie down to love to be able. to call, name. to carry, wear ‘to be carrying ‘to explain to embrace to remain to drink tobuy to remember to understand tosend to arrive (not on foot) (25) ampés: mrpéoo, arpéem om: wry, weet nol: sim. wao6parxme: oGparcive, wsoGpanci- em eoGpasiins: weoGpany, mo6 pani enacts: waa, Kane, mowoxirs: nono, Hon ses: en, ne owed: sim, Ronitben: sloncjcb, nosxsiuben now: nary, Monel, airy? snoGiine: mod; 66m momotiie: sim. Mow: MorY, Méxkem, wry? caou: CMOrY, eadrkeu, ewryt ‘Haotmare: Hackipin, namBAeum ‘Naomi: agony, HaoDemm ociiny: Hom, HOciams nonecrit: noxeoy, Hostecdun® oor: HooY, Hecke noneer sim. OG'ncasirs: OF nexo, oO'ncwiews o6'nomine: oO'neind, o'r + obtain, Gruen Ge, Gems corapémvcn: ocrixoce, ocraaunset ovimwem: ocranrycb, Ocrinenmsest wm: mo, mem xauere: mismo, amen oxynars: norynév, noxynéen mpresoxine: mptesito, mpi upuéxans: Mpwény, Mpréent * See footnote on page 26.(26) to come, arrive (on foot) mpuxorvins: mpuxoncj, mpuxoxaam> to sit down cayyerson: canefet, caimwen to plant, put (siting) | COneine mck faa to sit to listen to hear you to put (standing), set up crim: crémno, crésimams nocrisierb: sim. to stand up, to become cranoniimcn: cratosmmdch, craidn- to stand to look to go (habitually) oft: nofkry, notiEus* to wish, want xonéty: oy, XOgeM, XOxer, xoriiM, xonite, xordr ‘saxonérs: sim. tobe able, know how yaérs: yaéio, yadenm cyméro: sim, to read ‘urd: soo, surréenm nowrirs, mposwrans: sim, * Te must be noted thet although these verbe have their Perfective Aspecta formed with nosonirs, noauers, nowocirs, noxoair®, respec: tively, thoso forms are very seldom used and then only with © limited ‘meaning, The usual Pesfective forms are thove given in this list of verbo.Prin by Lineage Dts Lt, 205 Ragen Ste, Landon, W Coit. Alig rd. ‘ied Gre Brita fr Inarational Chalopses Lid, 30720, Regu Bvt, Loo, Wh ‘y Unwin Brothers Li, Woking an London (UB. 760128)—Res. 608