Mmam CnmXZ H$s

g{j H${f n{Vm

am>r S>oar
{dH$mg ~moS>
AmUX

Mmam MwH$Xa {H$ OomoZ

gXoe

amQr` S>oar {dH$mg ~moS> (EZS>rS>r~r) mam qhXr | H$m{eV Mmam CnmXZ H$s
g{jV H${f n{Vm nwpVH$m ^maV Ho$ XyY CnmXH$ {H$gmZm| H$s O$aVm| H$mo
nyam H$aZo hoVw hmar {V~VmAm| H$s nw{> H$aVr h& hmao {H$gmZ new Amhma |
hao Mmao H$m hd XyY CnmXZ H$mo ~T>mZo, XyY CnmXH$ newAm| Ho$ dm` VWm
OZZ H$mo ~ohVa ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE go ^br-^m{V n[a{MV h& {d{^Z H${f Obdm`w
n[apW{V`m| | JmrU jom| | hao Mmao H$s CnmXH$Vm H$mo ~T>mZm g~go ~S>r
MwZmVr h& `h nwpVH$m w` Mmam $gbm| H$s CZV H${f n{Vm VWm gr{V
^y{ | ham Mmam CnmXZ H$mo ~T>mZo Ho$ `mgm| Ho$ ~mao | XyY CnmXH$ {H$gmZm|
Ho$ ~rM OmJ$H$Vm nXm H$aZo H$m EH$ `mg h& Amem h {H$ Bg H$meZ go XyY
CnmXH$m| H$mo AnZo newAm| Ho$ {bE n`mV mm | ham Mmam CnmXZ H$aZo | XX
{boJr {OgHo$ n[aUmd$n XyY CnmXZ Ed Am` | d{ hmoJr&

Q>r. ZX Hw$ma
A`j

amQr` S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>

{df-gyMr
H$.g. $gb
1
2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

19
20
21
22

23
24
25
26
27

n> g`m

AZmO Mmam $gb|

dma .....................................................................................1-2
H$m..................................................................................... 2-3
~mOam..................................................................................... 3-4
OB........................................................................................ 4-5
H$Mar.................................................................................... 5-6
XbhZr Mmam $gb|
bmo{~`m................................................................................... 6-7
~agr.................................................................................... 7-8
[aOH$m..................................................................................... 8-9
dma..................................................................................... 9-10
amBg ~rZ ............................................................................. 10-11
~hdfu` Mmam $gb|
gH$a Zo{n`a Kmg ..................................................................... 11-12
{JZr Kmg ............................................................................. 12-13
nam Kmg .............................................................................. 13-14
ZXr Kmg .............................................................................. 14-15
H$m|Jmo {gZb Kmg ........................................................................ 15
AOZ Kmg ................................................................................ 16
godZ Kmg ............................................................................. 16-17
amoS>g Kmg ................................................................................ 17
A` hdnyU Mmam $gb|
amB Kmg ................................................................................... 18
Mmam MwH$Xa ........................................................................... 18-19
MmBZrO H$~oO ............................................................................ 19
ebO................................................................................. 19-20
w` Mmam dj
ghOZ...................................................................................... 20
{J{bargr{S>`m ............................................................................. 21
eodar ...................................................................................... 21
AJ[V .................................................................................... 22
gw~~yb .................................................................................... 22

{JZr Kmg {H$ H$mo - 2

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

dma
dma J-Z Obdmw dmbo jom| | CJmB OmVr h& n{ A$sH$m
H$mo dma H$m Cn{m Wb mZm OmVm h& dma H$s {d{^ {H$m|
H$mo gw Vb go 2700 rQ>a H$s D$MmB VH$ CJm`m Om gH$Vm
h& OmX | dma H$s ~h H$Q>mB VWm Iar$ | EH$b H$Q>mB {H$|
~moZr Mm{hE {OZ| EM.gr.EZ. H$s mm H$ hmo&

H${f n{Vm
AN>o Ob {ZH$mg dmbr XmoQ>, ~bwB XmoQ> ^y{ BgH$s IoVr
Ho$ {bE Cn`w$ h&
nbodm H$aHo$ EH$ OwVmB {>r nbQ>Zo dmbo hb go VWm 1-2
OwVmB H$Q>rdoQ>a hb go H$aZr Mm{hE& ha OwVmB Ho$ ~mX nmQ>m
bJmZm Mm{hE&
~h H$Q>mB {H$m| H$s ~wdmB mM Ho$ Xygao gmh go mM AV VH$ H$aZr Mm{hE VWm EH$b H$Q>mB {H$m| H$s ~wdmB OyZ
Ho$ A{V Ama OwbmB Ho$ W gmh | H$aZr Mm{hE&
EH$b H$Q>mB {H$ H$s ~rO Xa 40-50 {H$Jm. Ama ~h H$Q>mB {H$ H$s ~rO Xa 25-30 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a hmoZr Mm{hE&
m` Bgo {N>Q>H$dm ~moVo h& 25-30 gor. H$s Xyar na bmBZm| | BgH$s ~wdmB H$aZm AN>m hmoVm h&
CdaH$mo H$m `moJ ^y{ narjU Ho$ AmYma na H$a|& 30 {H$Jm. ZOZ VWm 40 {H$Jm. $mo$moag {V hQ>oa ~wdmB Ho$
g` `moJ H$a|& EH$ mh ~mX 60 {H$Jm. ZOZ X|& `oH$ H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX 50 {H$Jm. {V hQ>oa ZOZ H$m `moJ H$a|&
IVnVdma {ZU Ho$ {bE ~moZo Ho$ VwaV ~mX amgm{ZH$ IVnVdma ZmeH$ EQmOrZ 1 {H$Jm. {V hQ>oa Ama n|S>r{W{bZ
1.5 {H$Jm. {V hQ>oa 600 brQ>a nmZr | EH$ gmW KmobH$a {V hQ>o`a {N>S>H$md H$a|&
$gb H$mo dfm hmoZo go nyd ha 8 go 12 {XZ ~mX qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm nS>Vr h&
~wdmB Ho$ 60-70 {XZ ~mX (y$b dmbr AdWm na) hao Mmao Ho$ {bE nhbr H$Q>mB H$aZr Mm{hE, BgHo$ ~mX $gb ha
45-50 {XZ ~mX H$mQ>Zo `mo` hmo OmVr h& mM | ~moB JB dma go {gV~a Ho$ AV VH$ 4 ~ma H$Q>mB H$s Om gH$Vr h&
hao Mmao H$s CnO {V H$Q>mB | 20-25 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a m hmo gH$Vr h&

CV {H$|
H$.
Omar H$aZo
{H$
g.
H$m df
A dma (EH$b H$Q>mB)
1 gr.Eg.dr. 21 Eg.E$
2006
2 EM.Oo.-513
2006
3 nV Mar-5
2000
~
1

dma (~h-H$Q>mB)
H$mo.E$.Eg.-31

2013

{H$ Ho$ {dH$mg |

H$m`aV gWmZ

IoVr mo jo

Jw.H$.{d. gyaV
h.H$.{d., {hgma
Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.
{d. nVZJa

gnyU ^maV
Cma n{ ^maV
g^r dma CnmXZ H$aZo dmbo
jo

Q>r.EZ.E.`w.
H$mo`~Qy>a

V{bZmSy> am` Ho$ g^r dma

CnmXZ H$aZo dmbo qg{MV jo

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)
38
43-47
40-45

170

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

H$.
g.
2
3
4
5
6

{H$
gr.Eg.EM.-24
E.E$.
nV Mar-6
(`y.nr.E.gr.-503)
nygm Mar-615
gr.Eg.EM.-20
E.E$.(gH$a)
H$mo.E$.Eg.-29

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg |

H$m df
H$m`aV gWmZ
2009
Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.
{d. nVZJa
2006
Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.
{d. nVZJa
2006
AmB.E.Ama.AmB.
ZB {Xr
2005
Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.
{d.nVZJa
2001
Q>r.EZ.E.`w.
H$mo`~Qy>a

IoVr mo jo

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)

gnyU ^maV

90

CmamIS>

80

{Xr d CgHo$ Amg nmg Ho$

jo
gnyU ^maV

70

V{bZmSy> am` Ho$ g^r dma

CnmXZ H$aZo dmbo qg{MV jo

150

90

H$m
^maV | H$m XmZo d hao Mmao XmoZm| Ho$ {bE CJm`m OmVm h&
H$m H$s Cn{m ` Ao[aH$m go mZr OmVr h& H$m H$m
Mmam wbm` Ed nm{>H$ hmoVm h VWm new Bgo Mmd go ImVo
h& hao Mmao Ho$ {bE Bgo ~mbr {ZH$bZo H$s AdWm na H$mQ>|&

H${f n{Vm
H$m H$s IoVr XmoQ>, ~bwB XmoQ> ^y{ | g$bVmnydH$ H$s
Om gH$Vr h& `h Eogr ^y{ na ^br H$ma CJVr h, Omo Z
Vmo Abr` hmo Ama Z jmar`&
nbodm H$aHo$ 1-2 OwVmB H$Q>rdoQ>a hb go H$aZr Mm{hE& ha
OwVmB Ho$ ~mX nmQ>m bJmZm Amd`H$ h& Om`X | H$m H$s
~wdmB $adar Ho$ Xygao nIdmS>o go ma^ H$s OmVr h& Iar$
| H$m H$s ~wdmB 15 OyZ Ho$ nMmV H$aVo h&
~wdmB bmBZm| | H$aVo h {Og| bmBZ H$s Xyar 30 gor. hmoZr Mm{hE& bJ^J 60-80 {H$Jm. ~rO {V hQo>`a ~wdmB
Ho$ {bE n`m hmoVm h& H$m Ho$ gmW bmo{~`m H$s gh$gbr IoVr H$aZo na H$m Ho$ 40-50 {H$Jm. VWm bmo{~`m
Ho$ 15-20 {H$Jm. {V hQ>oa ~rO H$s Amd`H$Vm nS>Vr h&
gh$gb IoVr H$s Xem | H$m H$s `oH$ VrZ n{$ Ho$ ~mX EH$ n{$ bmo{~`m CJmZm C{MV hmoVm h&
gH$a VWm gHw$b {H$m| | 120 {H$Jm. ZOZ VWm 40 {H$Jm. $mo$moag {V hQo>`a XoZm Amd`H$ h& ZOZ H$s Xmo-{VhmB
mm VWm $mo$moag H$s nyar mm ~wdmB Ho$ g` VWm eof EH$ {VhmB ZOZ ~wdmB Ho$ 30 {XZ ~mX IoV | S>mbZm Mm{hE&
IVnVdma {ZU Ho$ {bE ~moZo Ho$ VwaV ~mX amgm{ZH$ IVnVdma ZmeH$ EQmOrZ 1 {H$Jm. {V hQ>oa Ama n|S>r{W{bZ
1.5 {H$Jm. {V hQ>oa 600 brQ>a nmZr | EH$ gmW KmobH$a {V hQ>o`a {N>S>H$md H$a|&
Amd`H$VmZwgma 12 go 15 {XZ Ho$ AVa na qgMmB H$s OmZr Mm{hE& $gb H$mo Hw$b 4-6 ~ma qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm nS>Vr h&
hao Mmao Ho$ {bE CJmB JB $gb H$s H$Q>mB m` ~mbr AmZo Ho$ g bJ^J 50 go 55 {XZ Ho$ ~mX H$aZr Mm{hE&
AN>o ~YZ go BgH$s 35-50 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a CnO m H$s Om gH$Vr h&

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

CV {H$|
H$.g.
1
2
3

{H$

Omar H$aZo
H$m df
2009

Vmn H$m Mar-6

A$sH$Z Q>mb
Oo.-1006

1982
1989

{H$ Ho$ {dH$mg | H$m`aV

gWmZ
..H$. Ed m.{d. CX`nwa
E.nr.Ho$.dr. amhar
nr.E.`w. bw{Y`mZm

IoVr mo jo
Cma-n{ ^mJ
gnyU ^maV
Cma-n{ ^mJ

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)
35
50
40

~mOam
`h EH$ erKVm go ~T>Zo dmbr VWm A{YH$ H$o y$Q>Zo dmbr Mmao
H$s $gb h& ewH$ d AY ewH$ jom| | BgH$s ~wdmB H$s OmVr
h& `h AHo$bo AWdm bmo{~`m `m dma Ho$ gmW ~moB OmVr h&

H${f n{Vm
~bwB XmoQ> ^y{ BgH$s IoVr Ho$ {bE AN>r ahVr h&
nbodm H$aHo$ 2-3 OwVmB H$Q>rdoQ>a hb go H$aHo$ {>r
^wa^war ~Zm boZr Mm{hE VWm nmQ>m bJmH$a IoVm| H$mo gVb
H$a boZm Mm{hE&
~wdmB mM Ho$ W gmh go Ab Ho$ W nj VH$ H$s
Om gH$Vr h&
ew $gb Ho$ {bE 8-10 {H$Jm. ~rO {V hQ>o`a Ho$ {bE n`m hmoVm h& {bdm $gb | ~mOam VWm bmo{~`m
AZwnmV (Xmo bmBZ ~mOam VWm EH$ bmBZ bmo{~`m `m dma) | ~moZm Mm{hE& BgHo$ {bE 6-7 {H$Jm. ~mOam VWm
15 {H$Jm. bmo{~`m `m 7-8 {H$Jm. dma Ho$ ~rO H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h&

2:1
12-

m` BgH$s ~wdmB {N>Q>H$dm H$s OmVr h naVw 30 gor. Xyar na bmBZm| | BgH$s ~wdmB H$aZm R>rH$ ahVm h& {bdm
IoVr | AN>r nXmdma Ho$ {bE ~wdmB bmBZm| | AbJ-AbJ H$aZm Mm{hE Vm{H$ ~rO ^y{ | C{MV Zr na nS> gHo$&
~wdmB Ho$ g 90 {H$Jm. ZOZ Ama 40 {H$Jm. $mo$moag {V hQo>`a H$s Xa go XoZm Mm{hE& ZOZ H$s AmYr mm ~wdmB
Ho$ g` VWm eof ~wdmB Ho$ 25-30 {XZ ~mX XoZr Mm{hE& ha H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX 40 {H$Jm. ZOZ {V hQ>oa XoZr Mm{hE&
~mOam ~moZo Ho$ VwaV ~mX

{H$Jm. EQmOrZ

600

brQ>a nmZr | KmobH$a {V hQ>o`a {N>S>H$md H$a|&

Amd`H$VmZwgma $gb H$mo 15-20 {XZ Ho$ AVa na nmZr XoZm Mm{hE, $gb H$mo Hw$b 3-4 ~ma qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h&
~mOao H$mo hao Mmao Ho$ {bE
hao Mmao H$s AmgV CnO

50

{VeV ~mbr {ZH$bZo na H$mQ>Zm Mm{hE&

30-50

Q>Z {V hQ>o`a hmoVr h&

CV {H$|
H$.g.
1
2

{H$
Za| Mmam ~mOam-2
JwOamV Mmam ~mOam-1
(Or.E$.~r.-1)

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg | H$m`aV

IoVr mo jo
H$m df
gWmZ
2009
Z.Xo.H$.Ed m {d.$Om~mX
Cma nyd H$m XmZ
2005
Am. H$. {d. AmUX
Cma-n{ ^maV

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)
47
50

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

H$.g.
3
4
5

{H$

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg | H$m`aV

IoVr mo jo
H$m df
gWmZ
2007
nr.E.`w. bw{Y`mZm
gnyU ^maV
2007
nr.E.`w. bw{Y`mZm
gnyU ^maV
2010
~m`$, nyUo
gnyU ^maV

nr.gr.~r.-164
E$.~r.gr.-16
~m`$ ~mOam 1

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)
31
49
40

OB
OB hdnyU a~r Mmam $gbm| | go EH$ h& Cmar / nydu XmZr jom| | OB Ho$ hao Mmao H$mo g^r newAm| H$mo AHo$bo `m
~agr Ho$ gmW 1:1 `m 1:2 Ho$ AZwnmV | pIbm`m OmVm h& Bg jo | gmm`V dma, ~mOam, H$m `m ` g`
go nH$Zo dmbr YmZ Ho$ ~mX OB H$s IoVr H$aVo h&

H${f n{Vm
OB Ho$ {bE XmoQ> `m ^mar XmoQ> ^y{, Ohm Ob {ZH$mgr
H$m C{MV gmYZ hmo, Cn`w$ h&
m` Iar$ H$s $gb Ho$ ~mX OB H$s ~wdmB H$s OmVr
h& AV nhbr OwVmB {>r nbQ>Zo dmbo hb go d Xmo-VrZ
OwVmB H$Q>rdoQ>a hb go H$aHo$ nmQ>m bJm b|&
Hw$S>m| | ~wdmB
4 g` go ~wdmB
4 {nN>Vr ~wdmB

75-80 {H$Jm. /
100-110 {H$Jm.

{N>Q>H$dm
4 g` go ~wdmB
4 {nN>Vr ~wdmB

100-110
120-125

hQo>`a
/ hQo>`a

{H$Jm. / hQo>`a
{H$Jm. / hQo>`a

~wdmB H$m g` d {d{Y

4 g` go
- AQy>~a Ho$ {mr nIdmS>o go Zd~a Ho$ W nIdmS>o VH$
4 Xoa go ~wdmB
- Zd~a Ho$ A{V gmh VH$
Hw$S>m| | ~wdmB

20

gor. Xyar na bmBZm| | H$aVo h& ~wdmB Ho$ ~mX IoV H$mo b~r-b~r `m[a`m| | ~mQ> boVo h&

{V hQ>o`a 60 {H$Jm. ZOZ Ama 40 {H$Jm. $mo$moag A{V OwVmB Ho$ g` ^y{ | {bm X|& 30 {H$Jm. ZOZ
Xmo ~ma ~am~a mm | nhbr ~wdmB Ho$ 20-25 {XZ ~mX {N>S>H$ H$a qgMmB H$a XoZr Mm{hE VWm Xygar mm Bgr Vah
nhbr H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX XoZr Mm{hE& {Og ^y{ | g$a H$ hmo Cg| 20 {H$Jm. g$a H$m `moJ AN>r CnO XoVm h&
nbodm H$aHo$ IoV H$mo V`ma H$a|& AmJo H$s qgMmB bJ^J EH$ mh Ho$ AVa na H$aZr Mm{hE& H$o {ZH$bZo VWm y$b
AmZo Ho$ g` qgMmB Amd`H$ h&
H$Q>mB
4 EH$b H$Q>mB Ho$ {bE
4 ~h H$Q>mB Ho$ {bE

4

- 50 {VeV y$b H$s AdWm |&

- nhbr H$Q>mB, ~moZo Ho$ 50-55 {XZ ~mX&
- Xygar H$Q>mB, 50 {VeV y$b {ZH$bZo na&

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

H$Q>mB OrZ go 8-10 gor. D$na H$aZo go H$o AN>o {ZH$bVo h& ~rO boZo Ho$ {bE nhbr H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX $gb
N>moS> X|& H$Q>mB boZo go nhbo {gMmB Ad H$ao {Oggo H$Q>mB Ho$ nMmV $gb VoOr go ~T>Vr h&
ham Mmam CnmXZ 30-60 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a& `{X EH$ H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX ~rO CnmXZ H$aVo h Vmo ham Mmam bJ^J
Q>Z, ~rO 1.5-2 Q>Z Ed ^ygm 2-2.5 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a m hmo gH$Vm h&

25

CV {H$|
H$.
g.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

{H$

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg | H$m`aV

AmgV ham Mmam
IoVr mo jo
H$m df
gWmZ
CnO (Q>Z/h.)
2010 Z.Xo.H$.Ed m {d.$Om~mX j>mar Ed bdUr jo
45
EZ.S>r.Amo.-1
(gnyU ^maV)
60
y$bo h[aVm (Ama.Amo.-19) 2007 E.nr.Ho$.dr. amhar
OB CnmXZ dmbo g^r jom| |
2006 AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB.
40
~wXob OB 2004
gnyU ^maV
(Oo.EM.Amo.2000-4)
Pmgr
2005
32
~wXob OB 991
AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB.
gnyU ^maV
(Oo.EM.Amo.99-1)
Pmgr
2005 AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB.
50
~wXob OB 992
Cma-n{ Ama Cma-nyd
(Oo.EM.Amo.99-2)
Pmgr
^mJ
1990 Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.{d. nVZJa OB CnmXZ dmbo g^r jom| |
60
y.nr.Amo.-212
1989 AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB.
37
~wXob OB 822
` ^mJ
(Oo.EM.Amo.822)
Pmgr
1982 h.H$.{d. {hgma
52
Amo.Eg.-6
ndVr Ed XmZr jo
1978 nr.E.`w. bw{Y`mZm
45
H$Q>
Cma-n{ Ama ` ^mJ

H$Mar
H$Mar H$mo ^maV Ho$ H$B Xoem| | Mmao H$s $gb Ho$ $n |
CJm`m OmVm h& H$Mar H$m yb WmZ dmQ>ombm mZm OmVm
h& gZ 1893 | `h $gb ^maV | bmB JB Ama BgH$s IoVr
gdW nwUo | H$s JB&

H${f n{Vm
H$Mar H$s IoVr Ho$ {bE XmoQ> `m ~bwB XmoQ> ^y{,
{OgH$m nr.EM. mZ 6.5 go 7.0 VH$ hmo, Cn`w$ ahVr h&
IoV V`ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE OwVmB 2-3 ~ma hamo go H$aZr Mm{hE&
Iar$ | BgH$mo OyZ Ho$ Xgao nIdmS>o | ~moo&
~rO H$mo {Sb H$s ghm`Vm go H$Vmam| | 25-30 gor.
H$s Xyar na ~moZm Mm{hE&
AN>r CnO m H$aZo Ho$ {bE 30-40 {H$Jm. ~rO {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go BVomb H$aZm Mm{hE&
80-100 {H$Jm. ZOZ, 40 {H$Jm. $mo$moag Ama 20 {H$Jm. g$a {V hQo>`a H$s Xa go S>>mbZm Mm{hE& ZOZ
H$s Xmo-{VhmB mm Ama $mo$moag d g$a H$s nyar mm ~wdmB Ho$ g` VWm ~mH$s EH$-{VhmB ZOZ ~wdmB Ho$ 30
{XZ ~mX S>mbZr Mm{hE&
5

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

dfm GVw | ~moB JB $gb H$mo qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht nS>Vr h& OwbmB Ho$ A{V gmh `m AJV | ~moB JB
$gb | dfm Ho$ ~mX ^r qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm nS>Vr h, `m|{H$ `h $gb AQy>~a-Zd~a VH$ MbVr h&
hao Mmao Ho$ {bE $gb H$mo ~wdmB Ho$ 55-60 {XZ ~mX H$mQ>Zm Mm{hE&
Hw$b 35-40 Q>Z ham Mmam {V hQo>`a CnO m H$s Om gH$Vr h&

CV {H$|
H$.g.
1

{H$
Q>r.Eb.-1

Omar H$aZo
H$m df
1996

{H$ Ho$ {dH$mg |

H$m`aV gWmZ
nr.E.`w. bw{Y`mZm

IoVr mo jo
Cma Ama Cmar-X{jU ^mJ

AmgV ham Mmam CnO

(Q>Z/h.)
48

bmo{~`m
^maV | bmo{~`m H$mo Xmb, gOr, hao Mmao Ed har ImX Ho$ {bE
CJm`m OmVm h& ^maV, bmo{~`m H$m g^m{dV Cn{m Wb h&
bmo{~`m moQ>rZ go ^anya nm{>H$ ham Mmam h& Bg| 17-18 {VeV
moQ>rZ hmoVm h&

H${f n{Vm

BgH$s IoVr XmoQ>, ~bwB-XmoQ> Ama hH$s H$mbr {>r |

H$s OmVr h&
nbodm H$aHo$ EH$-Xmo OwVmB H$Q>rdoQ>a hb go H$aZr Mm{hE&
ha OwVmB Ho$ ~mX nmQ>m bJmZm Amd`H$ h {Oggo Zr
~Zr aho&
Om`X | BgH$s ~wdmB mM go Ab VH$ H$s Om gH$Vr h&
EH$b $gb Ho$ {bE 30-35 {H$Jm. ~rO {V hQ>o`a n`m hmoVm h& `{X Bgo H$m `m dma Ho$ gmW {bmH$a ~mo`m
OmZm h Vmo 15-20 {H$Jm. ~rO H$m `moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&
~rO H$s ~wdmB bmBZm| | 25-30 gor. H$s Xyar na H$a|& bmo{~`m H$s ~wdmB {bdm IoVr | AbJ-AbJ bmBZm| | hmoZr Mm{hE&
~wdmB Ho$ g` 20 {H$Jm. ZOZ VWm 60 {H$Jm. $mo$moag {V hQ>o`a XoZm Mm{hE&
nhbr qgMmB ~wdmB Ho$ 15 {XZ ~mX H$aZr Mm{hE, mM | ~moZo na 4-5 ~ma qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm nS>Vr h&
~wdmB Ho$ 85-90 {XZm| Ho$ ~mX m 50 {VeV y$b AmZo na H$Q>mB H$aZr Mm{hE&
Hw$b CnO bJ^J 35-40 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a m hmoVr h&

CV {H$|
H$.
g.

{H$

`y.nr.gr.-628

`y.nr.gr.-625
`y.nr.gr.-622

AmgV ham Mmam

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg | H$m`aV
IoVr mo jo
CnO (Q>Z/h.)
H$m df
gWmZ
2010 Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.{d. nVZJa Cma-nyd, Cma-n{ Ama ndVr`
40
^mJ
2009 Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.{d. nVZJa gnyU ^maV
35
2007 Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.{d. nVZJa Cma-nyd, Cma-n{ Ama ndVr` jo
32

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

H$.
g.

4
5
6
7
8
9

10

{H$

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg | H$m`aV

H$m df
gWmZ
`y.nr.gr.-618 2006 Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.{d. nVZJa
2006 nr.E.`w., bw{Y`mZm
gr.Eb.-367
`y.nr.gr.-607 2002 Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.{d. nVZJa
`y.nr.gr.-9202 1999 Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.{d. nVZJa
`y.nr.gr.-8705 1996 Jmo.~.n.H$.Ed m.{d. nVZJa
~wXob bmo{~`m-2 1994 AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB. Pmgr
~wXob bmo{~`m-1 1992 AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB. Pmgr

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)

IoVr mo jo
Cma-n{ ^maV
nOm~
Cma-n{ Ama ` ^mJ
Xoe H$m ` ^mJ
gnyU ^maV
` dfm dmbm Cma ^maV H$m jo
gnyU ^maV

30
28
35
35
39
29
32

~agr
~agr H$m ham Mmam AnZo JwUm| mam XwYm newAm| Ho$ {bE
{g h Ama {H$ Q>rbm`a Ho$ Zm go OmZm OmVm h&
Cmar / nydu jo | H$m `m YmZ Ho$ ~mX BgH$s IoVr hmoVr
h& ~agr | AmgVZ 19-20 {VeV moQ>rZ hmoVm h&

H${f n{Vm
XmoQ> VWm ^mar XmoQ> {>r A{YH$ Cn`w$ h& ~agr H$s
IoVr Ho$ {bE Abr` {>r Cnw$ Zht hmoVr h&
Iar$ H$s $gb Ho$ ~mX nhbr OwVmB {>r nbQ>Zo dmbo hb go
{$a 2-3 ~ma hamo MbmH$a {>r ^wa^war H$a boZm Mm{hE& ~wdmB
Ho$ {bE IoV H$mo bJ^J 4x5 rQ>a H$s `m[a`m| | ~mQ> b|&
~wdmB 15 AQy>~a go 15 Zd~a VH$ H$aZm R>rH$ ahVm h&
Xoa go ~moZo na H$Q>mB H$s g`m H$ Ama Mmao H$s CnO ^m{dV hmoVr h&
V`ma `m[a`m| | 5 gor. Jham nmZr ^aH$a CgHo$ D$na ~rO {N>S>H$ XoVo h& ~wdmB Ho$
{ZH$mg H$a XoZm Mm{hE&

24

Ohm YmZ H$mQ>Zo | Xoa hmo dhm ~agr H$s CQ>oam IoVr H$aZm C{MV h Bg| YmZ H$mQ>Zo go
H$s ~wdmB IS>r $gb | {N>S>H$md {d{Y go H$aVo h&

10-15

KQ>o ~mX `mar go Ob

{V hQo>`a 25-30 {H$Jm. ~rO ~moVo h& nhbr H$Q>mB | Mmao H$s A{YH$ CnO boZo Ho$ {bE
Mmam gagm| H$m ~rO ~agr | {bmH$a ~moZm Mm{hE&

{XZ nyd hr ~agr

{H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a

`{X ~agr Ho$ {H$gr IoV | nhbr ~ma ~wdmB H$s Om ahr h Vmo {V 10 {H$Jm. ~rO H$mo 250 Jm H$s Xa go ~agr H$Ma
go CnMm[aV H$a b|& H$Ma Z {bZo na {nN>bo df Ho$ ~agr ~moB JB IoV H$s 50 {H$Jm. Z ^wa^war {>r {bm boVo h&
20 {H$Jm. ZOZ, 80 {H$Jm. $mo$moag Ama 40 {H$Jm. nmoQ>me {V hQo>`a H$s Xa go ~moVo g` IoV | {N>S>H$ H$a
{>r | AN>r Vah {bm X|&
nhbr qgMmB ~rO AHw$aU Ho$ VwaV ~mX H$aZr Mm{hE& ~mX | `oH$ gmh Ho$ AVa na 2-3 ~ma qgMmB H$aZr
Mm{hE& BgHo$ nmV $adar Ho$ AV VH$ ~rg {XZ Ho$ AVa na qgMmB H$a| Ama mM go B VH$ 10 {XZ Ho$ AVa na
qgMmB H$aZm Amd`H$ hmoVm h& gmYmaUV `oH$ H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX qgMmB Ad` H$s OmZr Mm{hE& EH$ ~ma | bJ^J
5 g|Q>rrQ>a go `mXm nmZr Zht XoZm Mm{hE&
7

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

Hw$b 4-5 H$Q>mB H$aVo h& H$Q>mB OrZ go 5-6 gor. D$na go H$aZr Mm{hE&
4 nhbr H$Q>mB
- ~moZo Ho$ 45 {XZ ~mX
4 {Xg~a Ed OZdar | - 30-35 {XZmo Ho$ AVa na
4 $adar go
- 20-25 {XZm| Ho$ AVa na
{V hQ>o`a 60-70 Q>Z ham Mmam m hmoVm h& 2-3 H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX ~rO 2-3 q$Q>b {V hQ>o`a Ed
{V hQ>o`a ham Mmam {bVm h&

40-50

Q>Z

CV {H$|
H$.
g.

1
2
3
4
5

{H$
~r.Eb.-180
{hgma ~agr-1
(EM.E$.~r.-600)
~r.Eb.-42
Odmha ~agr 5(Oo.~r-5)
daXmZ

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg | H$m`aV

AmgV ham Mmam
IoVr mo jo
H$m df
gWmZ
CnO (Q>Z/h.)
2006 nr.E.`w., bw{Y`mZm
Cma-n{ Ama ndVr` ^mJ
55-60
2006 h.H$.{d. {hgma
68
Cma-n{ Ama ndVr` ^mJ
2007
2005
1982

nr.E.`w., bw{Y`mZm
nOm~, h[a`mUm Ama EM.nr.
Oo.EZ.Ho$.dr.dr. O~bnwa
` ^maV
AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB. Pmgr gV ~agr Ho$ jo

70
58
65

[aOH$m
[aOH$m Cma-n{ ^maV | CJmB OmZo dmbr EH$ hdnyU
Mmam $gb h& gmm`V `h dma, H$m, bmo{~`m, dma
Am{X Ho$ ~mX ~moB OmVr h& [aOH$m Ho$ hao Mmao | n`m mm
| nmofH$ Vd hmoVo h& dkm{ZH$m| H$m V h {H$ Bg $gb
H$s Cn{m E{e`m mBZa Ama QmgH$mHo${e`m | hB& [aOH$m
Mmao H$s $gb H$m g~go nhbm nmYm h, Omo Zw` mam g~go
nhbo nhMmZm J`m& [aOH$m Ho$ Mmao | bJ^J 18-19 {VeV
moQ>rZ hmoVm h h $gb ho ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Cnw$ h&

H${f n{Vm
[aOH$m 5.7 `m A{YH$ nr.EM. mZ dmbr CdaH$ ^y{ na
AN>m XeZ H$aVr h& BgH$s OS>| 500 {r. go A{YH$
Jhar ^y{ | g~go `mXm AN>r Vah CJVr h&
EH$ Jhar OwVmB Ho$ ~mX 2-3 ~ma hamo MbmH$a IoV H$mo gVb ~Zm boZm Mm{hE& AN>o Ob {ZH$mg Ho$ {bE ~moZo go
nhbo, IoV H$mo gVb {H$`m OmZm ~hV Amd`H$ h&
Zd~a H$m W Ed Xygam gmh [aOH$m H$s ~wdmB Ho$ {bE Cn`w$ g` mZm OmVm h&
[aOH$m H$mo H$B {d{Y`m| mam ~mo`m Om gH$Vm h& `{X OrZ hH$s hmo, Vmo Bgo H$Vmam| | grS> {Sb (~rO ~wdmB H$s
erZ) go 15-20 gor. H$s Xyar na ~moZm Mm{hE& Bg {d{Y | bJ^J 15 {H$Jm. ~rO hr bJVm h& naVw `{X Ob{ZH$mg H$m ~Y C{MV Z hmo, Vmo ~rO H$s ~wdmB oS>| ~ZmH$a H$aZr Mm{hE, {Oggo AHw$aU AN>m hmo gHo$& gVb
`m[a`m| | BgH$s ~wdmB {N>Q>H$dm {d{Y go ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h&

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

AN>r CnO Ho$ {bE 20-25 {H$Jm. ~rO {V hQ>o`a BVomb H$aZm Mm{hE& nhbr H$Q>mB | CnO ~T>mZo Ho$ {bE 8
go 10 {H$Jm. OB Ed 1 {H$Jm. Mmam gagm| H$m ~rO {bmH$a [aOH$m ~rO Ho$ gmW ~moo&
[aOH$m H$mo $mo$moag VWm nmoQ>me H$s A{YH$ Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h& map^H$ d{ Ho$ {bE ZOZ XoZm ^r Amd`H$
h, `m|{H$ N>moQ>o nmYm| | ZOZ EH${V H$aZo H$s jVm Ama^ | H$ hmoVr h& [aOH$m H$s AN>r CnO Ho$ {bE 2530 {H$Jm. ZOZ VWm 50-60 {H$Jm. $mo$moag Ed 60 go 80 {H$Jm. nmoQ>me {V hQ>o`a Ho$ {hgm~ go XoZr Mm{hE&
ZOZ, nmoQ>me d $mo$moag H$s nyar mm ~wdmB Ho$ g` {N>S>H$ H$a hamo mam {>r | {bm XoZr Mm{hE&
J{`m| | 10-12 {XZm| Ho$ AVa na qgMmB H$aZr Mm{hE Ama g{X`m| | 15-20 {XZm| Ho$ AVa na qgMmB H$s Om gH$Vr h&
[aOH$m H$s nhbr H$Q>mB, ~wdmB Ho$ 55-60 {XZ ~mX H$aZr Mm{hE& BgHo$ ~mX 25-30 {XZm| Ho$ AVa na BgH$s H$Q>mB
H$aZr Mm{hE&
~rO Ho$ {bE OZdar Ho$ ~mX H$Q>mB amoH$ X|& A{V H$Q>mB Ho$ 10-15 {XZm| ~mX qgMmB XoZr Mm{hE& A{YH$ H$Q>mB`m
H$ ~rO CnO XoVr h&
EH$ dfu {H$m| go bJ^J 60-65 Q>Z ham Mmam m hmoVm h VWm ~h dfu {H$m| go bJ^J 80-90 Q>Z ham
Mmam m hmoVm h&

CV {H$|
H$.g.
1
2
3

{H$

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg |

IoVr mo jo
H$m df
H$m`aV gWmZ
AmZX bygZ-3 (~h dfu) 2009 Am.H$.{d. AmUX
gnyU ^maV
1996 .y$.H$.{d. amhar
Ama.Eb.-88 (~h dfu)
gnyU ^maV
1984 Am.H$.{d. AmUX
AmZX-2 (EH$ dfu)
gnyU hmam>, JwOamV
Ama amOWmZ

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)
65-97
75
65

dma
dma Cma ^maV Ho$ ewH$ ^mJm| H$s wI XbhZr Mmam $gb
h& m` `h dma Ama ~mOam Ho$ gmW gh$gb H$s Vah CJmB
OmVr h&

H${f n{Vm
dma H$s AN>r ~T>dma Ho$ {bE ~byB-XmoQ> {>r H$s
Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h& `h H$mbr {>r | AN>r CnO Zht
XoVr h&
IoV V`ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmm`V EH$ OwVmB {>r nbQ>Zo
dmbo hb go Ama Xmo OwVmB H$Q>rdoQ>a hb go H$aZr Mm{hE&
~agmV Ho$ mg H$m Ama{^H$ g dma ~moZo H$m gdm}m
g` hmoVm h& qg{MV jom| | BgH$mo ` mM go ` AJV VH$ ~mo`m Om gH$Vm h&
~rO H$mo H$Vmam| | 30 gor. H$s Xyar na ~moZm Mm{hE&
AN>r CnO Ho$ {bE 25-30 {H$Jm ~rO {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go BVomb H$aZm Mm{hE&

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

gmm`V Cda ^y{ | dma H$s $gb | CdaH$ S>mbZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht hmoVr h& {Og ^y{ | $mo$moag H$s H$r
hmo, Cg| bJ^J 50-60 {H$Jm. $mo$moag {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go S>mbm Om gH$Vm h&
Jr F$Vw | ~moB OmZo dmbr $gb | qgMmB Amd`H$ hmoVr h& nhbr qgMmB (nbodm) ~wdmB go nhbo XoZr Mm{hE&
dma H$s ~wdmB Ho$ ~mX 15-20 {XZ Ho$ AVa na qgMmB H$aZr Mm{hE&
Mmao Ho$ {bE $gb H$mo y$b AmZo H$s AdWm `m $br ~ZZo H$s AdWm | H$mQ>Zm Mm{hE&
qg{MV AdWm | ~moB JB $gb go hao Mmao H$s CnO bJ^J 30-35 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a Ama Aqg{MV $gb go 1520 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a m hmoVr h&

CV {H$|
H$.
g.

1
2

{H$

AmgV ham Mmam

Omar H$aZo {H$ Ho$ {dH$mg | H$m`aV
IoVr mo jo
CnO (Q>Z/h.)
H$m df
gWmZ
35
dma H$m{V (Ama.Or.gr.-1031) 2005 E.Ama.Eg., XwJmnwam amOWmZ amOWmZ Xoe
1999 AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB., Pmgr gnyU dma Cnm{XV
34
~wXob dma-3
jom| Ho$ {bE

amBg ~rZ
amBg ~rZ {~hma, n{ ~Jmb, Ag Ama CS>rgm Ho$ {bE
~hV hdnyU Ama nmofH$ Mmam $gb h& `h Eogo WmZm|
na CJm`r Om gH$Vr h Ohm A{YH$ nmZr CnpWV hmoVm h,
`m|{H$ BZ n[apW{V`m| | bmo{~`m `m dma CJmZm H${R>Z hmoVm
h& ^maV H$mo amBg ~rZ H$s Cn{m H$m WmZ mZm OmVm h&

H${f n{Vm
`h g^r H$ma H$s ^y{ na CJm`r Om gH$Vr h& XmoQ> {>r
BgHo$ CnmXZ Ho$ {bE g~go A{YH$ AN>r mZr OmVr h&
IoV V`ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE m`
hamo MbmZm Mm{hE&

OwVmB Ama 2-3 ~ma

hao Mmao Ho$ {bE, $gb H$mo mM-Ab Ama OyZ-OwbmB | ~mo`m Om gH$Vm h&
~rO H$mo grS> {Sb H$s XX go

25-30

gor. Xyar na bmBZm| | ~moZm Mm{hE&

AN>r CnO Ho$ {bE 20-25 {H$Jm. ~rO {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go BVomb H$aZm Mm{hE& gmm`V 8-15 Q>Z Jmo~a
H$s ImX Ama 30-40 {H$Jm. $mo$moag S>mbZm Mm{hE& `{X ^y{ H$m nr.EM. mZ 7 go A{YH$ h Vmo ~wdmB go nhbo
25 {H$Jm. ZOZ Ama 40-45 {H$Jm. $mo$moag {>r | {bmZm Mm{hE&
dfm GVw | ~mo`r JB $gb H$mo qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm Zht hmoVr h& AJV | ~moB JB $gb H$mo 1 `m 2 ~ma qgMmB
H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h& `h gyIo H$s AdWm H$mo ^r ghZ H$a gH$Vr h& J{`m| | ~moB JB $gb H$mo 2-3 ~ma
qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h& nydu ^maV | Ohm `h $gb A{YH$ M{bV h, gmm`V qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm
Zht hmoVr h `m|{H$ dhm Ob Va H$ JhamB na h&
$gb 80-90 {XZm| | Mmao | BVomb Ho$ {bE V`ma hmo OmVr h& Bg AdWm | H$Q>mB H$aZo na 30-40 Q>Z ham
Mmam {V hQ>o`a m hmoVm h& `h $gb {g$ EH$ H$Q>mB XoVr h Omo{H$ $br ~ZZo H$s AdWm na br OmVr h&
10

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

CV {H$|
H$.g.
1

{H$

Omar H$aZo H$m

df
2000

{~YmZ-1
Ama.~r.Eb.-6

2000

{H$ Ho$ {dH$mg |

H$m`aV gWmZ
{~.gr.Ho$.{d. H$`mZr
nr.E.`w., bw{Y`mZm

IoVr mo jo
Cma-nydu ^mJ
gnyU ^maV

AmgV ham Mmam CnO

(Q>Z/h.)
35-40
31

gH$a Zo{n`a ~mOam Kmg

gH$a Zo{n`a Kmg EH$ b~r, VoOr go ~T>Zo dmbr, CnmoU
Obdm`w | df^a CJmB OmZo dmbr Mmam Kmg h& `h nmofH$,
agXma Ama dm{X> Kmg h& BgHo$ Mmao | 10 {VeV moQ>rZ
hmoVm h& `h ZOZ CdaH$m| VWm O{dH$ ImX Ho$ BVomb na
AN>r {V{H$`m XoVr h& MH$Xma Yyn Ho$ gmW hH$s dfm
$gb Ho$ {bE ~hV AZwHy$b hmoVr h&

H${f n{Vm
hH$s XmoQ> Ama ~bwB {>r H$mo ^mar {>r go A{YH$
dar`Vm Xr OmVr h& O{dH$ nXmW go ^anya Jhar {>r na
~hV AN>r CnO m hmoVr h&
BgHo$ {bE Jhar, IanVdma w$ Ama gKZ {>r H$s
Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h, VrZ go Mma ~ma OwVmB Ho$ ~mX gVbrH$aU H$aZm AmXe hmoVm h&
`h $gb ~mT> J{gV jom| Ama nmZr Om hmoZo dmbo jom| | AN>m XeZ Zht H$aVr h&
dfm AmYm[aV jom| |, amonmB mZgyZ H$s ewAmV | H$s OmVr h O~{H$ qg{MV jom| | amonmB df^a | {H$gr ^r g`
na H$s Om gH$Vr h& Kmg H$s amonmB OS> Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| AWdm VZo Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| mam H$s Om gH$Vr h& {ZMbo Xmo {VhmB ^mJ
| pWV ` Am`w Ho$ VZo Ho$ Qw>H$S>o, A{YH$ Am`w dmbo VZo Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| H$s Anojm VoOr go AHw$[aV hmoVo h&
Xmo JmR> `w$ OS> `m VZo Ho$ Qw>H$S>o 5 gor. JhamB na {ZMbo {gao H$mo ZrMo aI H$a, 45 {S>Jr Ho$ H$moU na Bg Vah go
bJmZm Mm{hE {H$ EH$ JmR> OrZ Ho$ ZrMo d Xygar JmR> OrZ H$s gVh go D$na aho&
ew gH$a Zo{n`a Kmg Ho$ {bE
gVwV H$s JB h&

15
50

100x50

gor. (bmBZ go bmBZ

100

gor. Ama nmYo go nmYo

50

gor.) H$s Xyar

Q>Z Jmo~a ImX, 50 {H$Jm. ZOZ, 50 {H$Jm. $mo$moag Ama 40 {H$Jm. nmoQ>me {V hQ>o`a ~wdmB Ho$ g Ed
{H$Jm. ZOZ {V hQ>o`a `oH$ H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX S>mb|& {Vdf h mm XmohamE&

Abr` ^y{ |

500

{H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go {V Xmo df | MyZm S>mbZm Mm{hE&

IoV | amonmB Ho$ VwaV ~mX Ama BgHo$ ~mX Amd`H$VmZwgma qgMmB H$aZr Mm{hE&
IoV H$mo, W Xmo hrZm| | Iwanr / Hw$Xmb H$s ghm`Vm go IanVdma {Z`U H$aHo$ IanVdmam| go w$ aIZm Mm{hE,
Zd~a | gXu ew hmoZo na OJbr Kmgm| Ama A` nmYm| H$m hmWm| mam IanVdma {Z`U H$aZm Mm{hE&
W H$Q>mB amonmB Ho$
go H$aZr Mm{hE&

75

{XZ ~mX Ama AJbr H$Q>mB {ZaVa

45-60

{XZ Ho$ AVa na OrZ go

10-15

gor D$MmB

11

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

hao Mmao H$s CnO 100-125 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a {V df VH$ ahVr h&
Cma ^maV | a~r mg | gH$a Zo{n`a Ho$ gmW ~agr ~moZm Cn`w$ ahVm h&
200 Q>Z {V hQ>oa Mmam CnmXZ nmZo Ho$ {bE J{`m| | bmo{~`m Ama g{Xm| | ~agr / [aOH$m H$s $gb H$mo gH$a
Zo{n`a Ho$ gmW ~moZm Mm{hE&

CV {H$|
H$.
g.
1
2
3
4

Omar
H$aZo H$m
df

{H$
H$mo-4
S>r.EM.EZ.-6
~r.EZ.EM.-10
H$mo-5

2008
2009
2013
2013

{H$ Ho$ {dH$mg |

H$m`aV gWmZ

IoVr mo jo

Q>r.EZ.E.`w. V{bZmSw>
AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB. Pmgr
~m`$, nwUo
Q>r.EZ.E.`w. V{bZmSw>

gnyU ^maV (nhmS>r jom| H$mo N>moS>H$a)

n{ Ama X{jU ^maV
gnyU ^maV (nhmS>r jom| H$mo N>moS>H$a)
gnyU ^maV (nhmS>r jom| H$mo N>moS>H$a)

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)
90-100
90-105
100-115
115-120

{JZr Kmg
{JZr Kmg Ja Ed Z Obdmw w$ jom| H$s M{bV,
N>m`m Ho$ {V ghZerb, 1-2 rQ>a D$MmB VH$ ~T>Zo dmbr
~hdfu` Kmg h& `h 15-38 {S>Jr g|Q>r. VmnmZ | AN>m
XeZ H$aVr h& `h H${f-dm{ZH$s Ho$ KQ>H$ H$s Vah bm^X
VarHo$ go CJmB Om gH$Vr h Ama `h ~JrMm| Ama Xygao djm|
Ho$ gmW AN>r CnO XoVr h& Bg| AmgV 10-12 {VeV
moQ>rZ hmoVm h&

H${f n{Vm
Kmg {d{^ loUr H$s {>r Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b hmoVr h Ama
AN>o Ob {ZH$mgr dmbr hH$s ^y{ na ^br H$ma
CJVr h&
~wdmB Ho$ {bE Xmo go VrZ OwVmB Ho$ ~mX IoV H$mo gVb H$aZm Mm{hE& `h ^mar {MH$Zr {>r Ama Ob ^amd H$s pW{V
H$mo ghZ Zht H$a gH$Vr h&
BgH$s amonmB H$m g~go AZwHy$b mg mZgyZ H$s ewAmV | B-OyZ Ho$ XmamZ hmoVm h& qgMmB dmbo jom| | amonmB
df^a {H$gr ^r g` H$s Om gH$Vr h&
~rOm| | AHw$aU H$ hmoZo H$s dOh go Ab{JH$ {d{Y go OZZ {H$`m OmVm h, amonmB Ho$ {bE OS>m| Ho$ Qw>H$S>o m H$aZo
Ho$ {bE, nwamZo JwN>o {ZH$mbH$a OS> dmbo Qw>H$S>m| H$mo AbJ H$a {b`m OmVm h&
OS> Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| H$mo

50x25

gor. H$s Xyar na

15

gor. D$Mr |S>mo na bJmZm Mm{hE&

~rO mam CJmZo Ho$ {bE 3 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go ~rO H$m BVomb H$aZm Mm{hE, ~rO H$mo Zgar | ~moZm Mm{hE
VWm nmY H$s w` IoV | amonmB H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
$gb Ho$ {bE

12

10

Q>Z Jmo~a ImX,

50

{H$Jm. $mo$moag Ama

50

{H$Jm. nmoQ>me {V hQ>o`a H$s mm XoZr Mm{hE&

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

A{YH$ CnO Ho$ {bE `oH$ H$Q>mB Ho$ EH$ gmh ~mX

40

{H$Jm ZOZ {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go `moJ | bmZm Mm{hE&

W qgMmB amonmB Ho$ VwaV ~mX Ama AmJo H$s qgMmB {>r | Zr Ama dfm Ho$ AmYma na H$aZr Mm{hE&
m` qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm 15-20 {XZ | EH$ ~ma hmoVr h, `oH$ H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX qgMmB nwZ VoO ~T>dma | ghm`H$
hmoVr h&
$gb 1.5 rQ>a b~r hmoZo na H$Q>mB Ho$ {bE V`ma hmo OmVr h, ^y{ H$s gVh go 15-20 gor. D$na go H$mQ>Zo H$s
gbmh Xr OmVr h&
m` nhbr H$Q>mB Ho$ {bE $gb 9-10 gmh | V`ma hmo OmVr h Ama BgHo$ ~mX H$s H$Q>mB 40-45 {XZ Ho$ AVa
na H$s OmVr h, EH$ df | 6-7 ~ma H$Q>mB H$s Om gH$Vr h&
{V df bJ^J 50-65 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a ham Mmam m {H$`m Om gH$Vm h&

CV {H$|
H$.
g.

{H$
~wXob {JZr -2
nr.Or.Or.-616
H$mo.-2

2
3

Omar H$aZo
H$m df
2008
2001
2000

{H$ Ho$ {dH$mg |

AmgV ham Mmam
IoVr mo jo
H$m`aV gWmZ
CnO (Q>Z/h.)
65
AmB.Or.E$.Ama.AmB. Pmgr gnyU ^maV
49
nr.E.`w. bw{Y`mZm
Cma-n{, X{jU Ama ndVr` jo
60
Q>r.EZ.E.`w. V{bZmSw>
V{bZmSw> Xoe Ho$ qg{MV ^mJ

nam Kmg
nam Kmg gmm`V ~$bmo Kmg Ho$ Zm go ^r OmZr OmVr
h& `h EH$ {dXoer, aoeo`w$ Ama ~hdfu` Kmg h& `h Z{X`m|
`m Zham| Ho$ {H$Zmao Ob ^amd dmbo WmZmo na AN>o go CJVr
h Ama b~r Ad{Y VH$ Ob ^amd H$s pW{V H$mo ghZ
H$a gH$Vr h& `h Kmg Ob ^amd [WVr dmbo IoV Ho$ {bE
A{YH$ `mo` h& `h J d Zr w$ Obdm`w H$s Kmg h
Ama A{YH$ dfm dmbo J VWm Zr w$ WmZm| na AN>r
Vah CJVr h& Bg| AmgVZ 8-10 {VeV moQ>rZ hmoVm h&

H${f n{Vm
`h {MH$Zr, ~byB, XbXbr Ama Ob^amd dmbr ^y{ |
AN>m XeZ H$aVr h&
`h Ob ^amd `m {ZMbr ^y{ Ho$ gmW-gmW bdUr` ^y{ Ohm A` $gb| Or{dV Zhr ah gH$Vr h dhm A{YH$
$m`XoX hmoVr h&
qg{MV WmZm| | amonmB H$m C{MV g` mM O~{H$ dfm AmYm[aV jom| | mZgyZ H$s ewAmV | hmoVm h&
AN>r Vah V`ma Ama gVb IoV |, 2 go 3 JmR> `w$ 30 gor. b~o VZo Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| H$s 50 gor. H$s Xyar na amonmB
H$s OmVr h, EH$ hQ>o`a ^y{ | amonmB Ho$ {bE bJ^J 40,000 OS> Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h&

Q>Z Jmo~a ImX Ho$ gmW 40 {H$Jm. ZOZ, 50 {H$Jm. $mo$moag Ama 50 {H$Jm. nmoQ>me {V hQ>oa H$s mm ~wdmB
Ho$ g Ed 40 {H$Jm. ZOZ {V hQ>o`a `oH$ H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX {N>S>H$md H$aZm Mm{hE&
13

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

amonmB Ho$ ~mX EH$ gmh Ho$ AVa na 2-3 ~ma qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h Ama J{`m| |
qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h&

15

{XZ Ho$ AVa na

^y{ H$mo W Xmo mh VH$ IanVdmam| go w$ aIZm Mm{hE&

gmm`V W H$Q>mB amonmB Ho$ VrZ hrZo ~mX Ama AJbr H$Q>mB m{gH$ AVa na H$s OmVr h&
`h ` MamB ghZ H$a gH$Vr h, nhbr MamB Kmg Ho$
VH$ Zht H$aZr Mm{hE&
hao Mmao H$s CnO

60-80

30-60

gor. b~mB m H$aZo Ama AN>o go Wm{nV hmoZo

Q>Z {V hQ>o`a {V df VH$ hmoVr h&

ZXr Kmg
`h Kmg JmoS>Z {VmoWr m grQ>o[am Kmg Ho$ Zm go ^r OmZr
OmVr h& Kmg grYo VZo Ho$ gmW ~hdfu` hmoVr h Ama 1-2
rQ>a b~mB VH$ ~T>Vr h& n{m`m hao go Jhao hao aJ H$s hmoVr
h, y$bm| H$m JwN>m> KZm, ~obZH$ma Ama ZmaJr go ~JZr aJ H$m
hmoVm h& `h Kmg ` dfm dmbo CUH${Q>~Yr` Ama J-Z
Obdmw w$ jom| | AN>r Vah hmoVr h& gmm`V `h Kmg
750 go 1500 {r. dm{fH$ ~m[ae> dmbo jom| | CJVr h&
`h J Ama gyIo mg | ^r b~o g` VH$ Or{dV ah
gH$Vr h& `h Kmg 20 go 25 {S>Jr g|Q>r. VmnmZ na AN>r
Vah CJVr h& `h A` J-Z jom| | nmB OmZo dmbr Kmgm|
go A{YH$ gXu ghZ H$a gH$Vr h Bg{bE h nhmS>r jom| |
Mmao H$s IoVr Ho$ {bE Cnw$ nmB JB h& Bg| AmgVZ 8-9
{VeV moQ>rZ hmoVm h&

H${f n{Vm
`h {d{^ H$ma H$s ^y{ na CJmB Om gH$Vr h, Kmg H$mo Xmo go VrZ ~ma OwVmB Ho$ ~mX gVb H$s JB nyU $n go
V`ma ^y{ H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h&
`h Kmg Zr | {dH${gV hmoVr h naVw Ob ^amd jo | Zht, ~agmV Ho$ mg | ZXr Kmg H$s `m[a`m| go AN>r
Ob {ZH$mgr hmoZr Mm{hE&
BgH$s ~wdmB OS> Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| Ho$ gmW-gmW ~rO mam ^r H$s OmVr h, dfm AmYm[aV jom| | nmY Zgar | V`ma H$s Om
gH$Vr h Ama dfm Ho$ mg | amonmB H$s Om gH$Vr h&
`{X qgMmB H$s `dWm CnbY hmo V~ amonmB $adar go Zd~a Ho$ ` H$^r ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h&
BgH$s amonmB 50 gor. Xyar na bmBZm| | H$aVo h& OS>w$ Qw>H$S>m| H$s Xar 40 gor. aIVo h& `{X ~rO H$m BVomb
{H$`m OmVm h V~ 3.5 go 4.0 {H$Jm {V hQ>o`a ~rO BVomb hmoVm h&
^y{ H$s V`mar Ho$ g`

10

Q>Z {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go Jmo~a H$s ImX {>r | {bm`r Om gH$Vr h&

h $gb, CdaH$m| {deofV ZOZ CdaH$m| Ho$ Cn`moJ Ho$ {V AN>m XeZ H$aVr h& 30 {H$Jm. ZOZ Ed
$mo$moag ~wdmB Ho$ g XoZr Mm{hE& ha H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX 40 {H$Jm. ZOZ / hQ>oa XoZr Mm{hE&

60

{H$Jm.

nmY amonmB Ho$ g $gb H$mo 7-10 {XZ Ho$ AVa na EH$ Xmo ~ma qgMmB H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h& AmJmr qgMmB
Amd`H$VmZwgma H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
14

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

W H$Q>mB 9-10 gmh na H$s Om gH$Vr h Ama AmJo H$s H$Q>mB `oH$

60

{XZ na H$s Om gH$Vr h&

H$Q>mB Ho$ ~mX VoO ~T>dma Ho$ {bE $gb H$mo 8-10 gor. D$MmB go H$mQ>Zm Mm{hE&
{V df bJ^J

50-60

Q>Z {V hQ>o`a ham Mmam m {H$`m Om gH$Vm h&

CV {H$|
H$.g.

{H$

Omar H$aZo
H$m df

{gQ>o[a`m-92

2005

ZXr

1983

{H$ Ho$ {dH$mg |

H$m`aV gWmZ
gr.Eg.Ho$.EM.nr.Ho$.dr.
nmbnwa
gr.Eg.Ho$.EM.nr.Ho$.dr.
nmbnwa

IoVr mo jo

AmgV ham Mmam

CnO (Q>Z/h.)

gnyU ^maV Ho$ J Ed Zr

w$ jo
{hmMb Xoe H$m ndVr Ed
XmZr jo

31
57

H$m|Jmo {gZb Kmg

H$m|Jmo {gZb EH$ ~hdfu` KZr n{m`m| dmbr Kmg h {Og|
AmgVZ 9-10 {VeV moQ>rZ hmoVm h& `h Iwbo jo | EH$b
$gb Ho$ $n | CJmB Om gH$Vr h Ama ~JrMo | gh$gb
H$s ^m{V ^r CJmB Om gH$Vr h& `h 50 go 100 gor. D$MmB
VH$ CJVr h Ama AmgVZ 30 go 40 H$o Cn H$aVr h&
`h J-Z Obdm`w Ed A{YH$ dfm dmbo jomo | IoVr Ho$
{bE Cnw$ nmB JB h&

H${f n{Vm
`h bJ^J g^r H$ma H$s ^y{ na CJmB Om gH$Vr h
naVw Ob^amd H$mo ghZ Zht H$a gH$Vr h&
~wdmB go nhbo EH$ go Xmo ~ma OwVmB H$aHo$, IanVdma
{ZH$mb H$a Ama ^y{ H$mo gVb H$a|&
~wdmB Ho$ g 50 {H$Jm. $mo$moag Ama 40 {H$Jm. nmoQ>me Ho$ gmW 5 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a Jmo~a ImX IoV | S>mbo&
100-150 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go Xmo `m VrZ ^mJm| | ZOZ XoZr Mm{hE&
gmm`V `h $gb B-OyZ | dfm G Vw AmZo na bJmB OmVr h&
~wdmB Ho$ {bE ~rO Ama OS> Ho$ Qw>H$S>o XmoZm| BVomb {H$E Om gH$Vo h& 2-5 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a ~rO Xa {ZYm[aV H$s JB h&
~wdmB Ho$ {bE AN>r Vah V`ma `mar H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h& OS> Ho$ Qw>H$S>m| H$mo 40x20 gor. H$s Xyar na bJmZm Mm{hE&
IanVdma amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE ewAmVr d{ Ho$ {XZm| | IanVdma {Z`U Amd`H$ h&
W H$Q>mB amonmB Ho$
$gb

50-60

50

{XZ ~mX Ama AmJmr H$Q>mB

30-40

{XZm| Ho$ AVa na H$s Om gH$Vr h&

Q>Z {V hQ>o`a hao Mmao H$s CnO XoVr h&

15

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

AOZ Kmg
AOZ Kmg EH$ H$bJrXma, 60 g|r VH$ b~r ~hdfu` Kmg h&
`h amOWmZ H$s WmZr` ^mfm | moS>m YmZ Kmg Ama ^maV Ho$
A` {hgm| | AOZ Kmg Ho$ Zm go OmZr OmVr h& `h gyIo$
jom| Ho$ MmamJmhm| H$s wI Kmgm| | go EH$ h Ama AnZr gyIo
Ho$ {V ghZerbVm Ama g^r H$ma Ho$ newAm| H$mo {IbmZo Ho$
Cnw$ nmB JB h&

CV {H$| : H$mOar
1,

358,

moS>m YmZ Kmg

76,

AOZ Kmg-

H$mOar-75

H${f n{Vm
`h Kmg {>r Ed Obdm`w H$s {dVV loUr Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b
h&
`h A`{YH$ ewH$ Obdm`w H$s AdWm | 250 go 1250 {r dfm H$s pW{V | ^r CJmB Om gH$Vr h Ama BgHo$
{dH$mg Ho$ {bE 30-35 {S>Jr. g|Q>r. VmnmZ Cn`w$ hmoVm h&
`h b~o gyIo mg | ^r Or{dV ahVr h Ama hH$s ~agmV go ~hV VoOr go ~T>Vr h&
Kmg H$mo MmamJmh | ~rO H$s ~wdmB H$aHo$ Wm{nV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h&
~rOm| H$mo H$Vmam| | 1-2 g|r. JhamB na 75 gor. H$s Xyar na gyIo jom| | Ama Zr dmbo jom| |
bJm`m OmVm h, C{MV ~rO Xa 8-10 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a hmoVr h&

50

gor. Xyar na

~ohVa WmnZ Ama A{YH$ Mmam CnO Ho$ {bE EH$ go Xmo ~ma {ZamB Amd`H$ hmoVr h&
A{YH$ CnO Ho$ {bE {V df

30

{H$Jm. ZOZ {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go Amd`H$ hmoVr h&

AOZ Kmg H$s A{YH$ CnO XoZo dmbr {H$| AJV go Ab Ho$ ` ewH$ jom| | 2-3 H$Q>mB | 4 go 5 Q>Z gyIm
Mmam {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go Cnm{XV H$aVr h& AY-ewH$ jom| | CnmXZ XmoJwZm hmo OmVm h, qg{MV jom| | ham Mmam
CnmXZ 23 go 35 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a VH$ m hmo gH$Vm h&
Mmao | moQ>rZ H$s mm

go

{VeV VH$ hmoVr h&

godZ Kmg
b{gag qg{S>H$g gmm`V godZ Kmg Zm go OmZr OmVr
h& `h Wma ao{JVmZ H$s g~go hdnyU nmofH$ Mmam Kmg
h, Ohm {Z`{V $n go nmZr H$s H$r ahVr h `h ~hdfu`
Kmg gyIo Ho$ {V A{YH$ ghZerbVm H$mo XemVr h& Bg
Kmg H$mo 250 {r go H$ dfm | ^r CJm`m Om gH$Vm
h& `h Kmg ^maV | ao{JVmZr Kmgm| H$m amOm Zm go OmZr
OmVr h&

CV {H$| : H$mOar
16

317, 319

Ama H$mOar E.-30-5

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

H${f n{Vm
`h {d{^ H$ma H$s ^y{`m| na CJmB Om gH$Vr h, m` `h ~bwB {>r na {Z`{V MmamJmh Wm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE
Cn`moJ H$s OmVr h&
Xmo go VrZ OwVmB H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ^y{ H$mo gVb H$a|, ^y{ IanVdmam| go w$ hmoZr Mm{hE&
godZ Kmg H$mo ~rO d OS>m| XmoZm| hr Vah go CJm`m Om gH$Vm h, ~rO H$mo H$Vmam| | 50-70 gor. Xyar na 6-9 {H$Jm.
{V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go ~mo`m Om gH$Vm h, ~wdmB Ho$ ~mX ~rO H$mo hH$s gr {>r go T>H$ {X`m OmVm h&
dfm H$s mm Ama {dVaU Ho$ AmYma na ewH$ nXmW H$s AmgV CnO 6.0 go 8.5 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a VH$ hmo gH$Vr h&
mH${VH$ AdWm | moQ>rZ H$s mm 5.9 go 6.7 {VeV VH$ hmoVr h naVw O~ CdaH$m| H$m BVomb {H$`m OmVm h
Vmo moQ>rZ H$s mm 13 go 15 {VeV VH$ nhM gH$Vr h, aoem| H$s mm 24-38 {VeV VH$ hmoVr h, H$pe` H$s
mm 0.76 go 1.11 {VeV VH$ nmB OmVr h&

amoS>g Kmg
bmo[ag Jm`Zm gmm`V amoS>g Kmg Ho$ Zm go OmZr OmVr h&
h J-Z Obdmw jom| H$s wI Kmg h& `h bdUr Ed
jmar {>r Ho$ {V AZwHy$b, Wm{nV H$aZo | AmgmZ, `
go A{YH$ gyIo dmVmdaU Ho$ {V ghZerb hmoVr h&

H${f n{Vm
amoS>g Kmg {d{^ H$ma H$s ^y{ na CJmB Om gH$Vr h&
BgHo$ CnmXZ Ho$ {bE {V df 600-750 {r dfm H$s
Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h&
`h Kmg bdUr`-jmar` ^y{ | CJm`r Om gH$Vr h&
BgHo$ A{V[a$ amoS>g Kmg ` $n go E`wr{Z` Ho$
{V ghZerb hmoVr h&
amoS>g Kmg Ho$ AHw$aU Ho$ {bE 15-40 {S>Jr g|Q>r. VmnmZ H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h, naVw H$ VmnmZ na ~rOm| H$m
EH$ N>moQ>m ^mJ hr AHw$[aV hmoVm h&
amoS>g Kmg Ho$ ~rO H$ Ob Va na ^r AHw$[aV hmo OmVo h&

1-2

{H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go AN>r JwUdmm dmbm ~rO ~moZm Mm{hE, ~rO Xa H$mo qg{MV MmamJmhm| Ho$ {bE
3-5 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a VH$ ~mo`m Om gH$Vm h&

qg{MV AdWm | ZOZ CdaH$ 100 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go Xmo-VrZ ~ma | S>mbm Om gH$Vm h `m|{H$ `h
Kmg ZOZ CdaH$ Ho$ {V A`{YH$ {V{H$`m XoVr h&
y$b AmZo H$s AdWm na $gb H$s H$Q>mB H$aZr Mm{hE&
A{YH$ CnO XoZo dmbr Om{V`m gyIo jom| | 2-3 ~ma H$Q>mB H$aZo na 20-35 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a ham Mmam Cn H$aVr h&

17

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

amB Kmg
amB Kmg `yamon | ~moB OmZo dmbr nhbr ~hH$Q>mB Mmam $gb
mZr OmVr h& ^maV | `h A{YH$ CnO boZo Ho$ {bE ~agr /
[aOH$m Ho$ gmW gh$gb Ho$ $n | CJmB Om gH$Vr h&

H${f n{Vm

amB Kmg H$s ~wdmB AQy>~a go Zd~a VH$ H$s OmZr Mm{hE, Bg
g` na g{X`m| H$s $gbm| Ho$ {bE VmnmZ AZwHy$b ahVm h&
EH$b $gb H$s ~wdmB Ho$ {bE 10-15 {H$Jm. ~rO {V
hQ>o`a C{MV hmoVm h O~{H$ ~agr Ho$ gmW gh$gbr IoVr Ho$
{bE ~rO H$s mm 10-12 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a C{MV hmoVr h&
100 {H$Jm. ZOZ Ed 50 {H$Jm. $mo$moag CdaH$ {V
hQ>o`a H$s Xa go BVomb H$aZr Mm{hE& ZOZ H$mo VrZ ~am~a ^mJmo | BVomb H$aZm Mm{hE&
CV $gb CnmXZ Ho$ {bE Ob {ZH$mg H$s AN>r `dWm hmoZr Mm{hE `m|{H$ Ob R>hamd Ho$ H$maU $gb H$mo
ZwH$gmZ nhMVm h Ama AN>r CnO Ho$ {bE 3-4 ~ma qgMmB H$aZr Mm{hE&
Kmg H$s W H$Q>mB ~wdmB Ho$ 70-75 {XZ ~mX Ama AmJo H$s H$Q>mB 30 {XZ Ho$ AVa na H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
mM VH$ amB Kmg H$s AmgV CnO H$ar~ 25-30 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a hmoVr h& moQr>Z H$s mm 12-14 {VeV&

Mmam MwH$Xa
Mmam MwH$Xa | J{`m| Ho$ hrZm| | XwYm$ newAm| Ho$ {bE
C JwUdmm dmbm ham Mmam Cn H$aZo H$s jVm hmoVr h,
{dfoeV ^maV Ho$ Cma-n{ jom| |&

CV {H$| : Oo.Ho$. Hw$~oa, moZamo, OmoZ, H$JZmoQ>

H${f n{Vm

bdUm| Ho$ {V ghZerbVm Ho$ H$maU, `h $gb

bdUr`-jmar` ^y{ na C{MV ~YZ {H$`mE AnZmH$a
g$bVmnydH$ CJmB Om gH$Vr h&
MwH$Xa AN>r Vah go gVb, Jhar Ama AN>r Ob
{ZH$mgr dmbr ^y{ na g$bVmnydH$ CJmB Om gH$Vr h
Bg $gb | OS>m| Ho$ AN>o {dH$mg Ho$ {bE T>obmo go w$ AN>r OwVmB dmbr ^y{ H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h&
nmYm| H$s AZwHy$b g`m m H$aZo Ho$ {bE 2.0-2.5 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a ~rO Xa H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h&
MwH$ Xa H$s $gb H$mo nmofH$ Vdm| H$s A{YH$ Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h VWm CdaH$mo H$m moJ $gb Ho$ {bE bm^XmH$ {g hmoVm h&
nmofH$ Vd ZOZ, $mo$moag Ama nmoQ>me H$e 120:60:60 {H$Jm., 30 {H$Jm. g$a Ama 15 {H$Jm. qOH$ {V
hQ>o`a& EH$ {VhmB ZOZ Ama nyar $mo$moag, nmoQ>me, g$a Ed qOH$ H$mo ewAmVr mm Ho$ $n | ~wdmB go nhbo
S>mbZm Mm{hE& ~mH$s ~Mr hB ZOZ H$mo Xmo ~ma hmWm| mam IanVdma {Z`U H$aZo Ho$ ~mX 25 Ed 45 {XZm| na
{N>S>H$md H$aZm Mm{hE&
CnO ~T>mZo Ho$ {bE ~wdmB Ho$ 50 Ama 70 {XZ ~mX 1 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go n{m`m| na ~moamZ H$m {N>S>H$md H$aZm Mm{hE&
18

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

nhbr qgMmB ~wdmB Ho$ VwaV ~mX H$aZr Mm{hE Ama Xgar qgMmB ~wdmB Ho$ Xg {XZ ~mX VWm AmJo H$s qgMmB VrZ
gmh Ho$ AVa na $gb H$s OaV Ho$ {hgm~ go mM Ho$ AV VH$ H$aZr Mm{hE& J{m| | $gb H$mo 15 {XZ Ho$
AVa na qg{MV {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE&
Mmao Ho$ {bE Mmam MwH$Xa H$mo CImS>Zo H$s {H$`m ~wdmB Ho$ 100 {XZ ~mX ew H$aZr Mm{hE& OS> Ed nmr g{hV 15
go 20 {H$Jm. ham Mmam {V new {V{XZ XoZm Mm{hE&
AmgV CnO 75 go 100 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a hmoVr h&

MmBZrO H$~oO
MmBZrO H$~oO g{X`m| Ho$ mg H$s hdnyU N>moQ>r Ad{Y
dmbr Mmam $gb h& BgH$mo gmmV OB, ~agr Ama [aOH$m
Am{X a~r $gbm| Ho$ gmW {bmH$a ~mo`m OmVm h& BZ $gbm|
Ho$ gmW {bmZo na W H$Q>mB | `mXm Mmam nXm hmoVm h&

H${f n{Vm

IoV V`ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ OwVmB {>r nbQ>Zo dmbo hb
go Ama CgHo$ ~mX 2-3 ~ma hamo H$aZm Mm{hE&
~wdmB H$Vmam| | 45 gor. H$s Xyar na 4-5 {H$Jm. ~rO
{V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go H$aZr Mm{hE&
MmBZrO H$~oO H$s ~wdmB Ho$ {bE ghr g` {gV~a Ho$
A{V gmh go AQy>~a Ho$ Xygao nIdmS>o VH$ h&
qg{MV jom| | 90 {H$Jm. ZOZ, 40 {H$Jm. $mo$moag Ama 40 {H$Jm. nmoQ>me {V hQ>o`a Ho$ gmW 25 {H$Jm. g$a
{V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go BVomb {H$`m OmZm Mm{hE&
~wdmB Ho$ 15-20 {XZ ~mX, nmYm| Ho$ ~rM H$s Xyar, N>Q>mB Ho$ mam 15 gor. na `dpWV H$aZr Mm{hE&
~wdmB Ho$ 45-50 {XZ ~mX $gb H$s H$Q>mB H$aZr Mm{hE&
Mmam CnmXZ 25-30 Q>Z {V hQ>oa&

ebO
ebO Xw{Z`m ^a | AnZo go$X, Jmob OS>mo Ho$ {bE R>S>r
Obdm`w dmbo WmZm| na CJm`m OmVm h& N>moQ>r d wbm`
{H$| newAm| H$mo pIbmZo Ho$ {bE CJm`r OmVr h&

CV {H$| : Zmo ~mb, JmoS>Z ~mb, nnb ~mb, dmBQ>

bmo~ Ama aS> Q>mn

H${f n{Vm
ebO H$s OS> | {dQm>{Z gr A{YH$ mm | nm`m
OmVm h& ebO H$m Mmam {dQm>{Z E, $moboQ>, {dQ>m{Z
gr, {dQ>m{Z Ho$ Ama H$pe` H$m AN>m moV h&
19

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

AN>o Ob {ZH$mg dmbr ~bwB XmoQ> Ama XmoQ> {>r Bg $gb Ho$ {bE Cn`w$ hmoVr h, {MH$Zr {>r | Bgo Zht
CJmZm Mm{hE `m|{H$ Bg| OS>| AN>r Vah go {dH${gV Zht hmo nmVr h&
ndVr` jom| |, ~wdmB Ab go OyZ | H$s Om gH$Vr h O~{H$ XmZr jom| | ~wdmB {gV~a go Zd~a | H$s Om gH$Vr h&
~wdmB

30-35

gor. Xyar na pWV H$Vmam| | 4-5 {H$Jm. ~rO {V hQ>o`a BVomb H$aHo$ H$s OmZr Mm{hE&

90

{H$Jm. ZOZ,
S>mbZm Mm{hE&

40

{H$Jm. $mo$moag Ama

30

{H$Jm. nmoQ>me, Amd`H$Vm nS>Zo na

~wdmB ghr Zr H$s AdWm | H$s OmZr Mm{hE& W qgMmB ~wdmB Ho$
15-18 {XZ Ho$ AVa na H$s OmZr Mm{hE&
~wdmB Ho$

55-60

{XZ ~mX hao Mmao H$s AmgV CnO

30-40

10-12

20-25

{H$Jm. g$a Ho$ gmW

{XZ ~mX Ama AmJo H$s qgMmB

Q>Z {V {V hQ>o`a m hmoVr h&

ghOZ
ghOZ EH$ ~h-Cn`moJr noS> / PmS>r h Omo J Ed Zr dmbo$
Obdmw jom| | CJmm OmVm h Ama gmm`V SpQ>H$,
gaJdmo, mo[aJm Am{X Ho$ Zm go OmZm OmVm h& Bg dj H$s
n{m`m, $b Ama ~rO mZd Amhma, newAm| Ho$ Mmao, XdmB`m|,
nmZr H$mo gm$ H$aZo Ama O{dH$-H$sQ>ZmeH$ B`m{X Ho$ $n |
Cn`moJ hmoVm h& `h dj A{YH$ O{dH$ ^ma Cn H$aZo Ho$
{bE OmZm OmVm h Ama ^{d` | XwYm newAm| Ho$ {bE Mmao
Ho$ ghm`H$ dj Ho$ $n | Cn`moJ {H$`m Om gH$Vm h&

H${f n{Vm
EH$ ~ma {>r nbQ>Zo dmbo hb go OwVmB H$aZo Ho$ ~mX
3-4 ~ma hamo MbmE&
~wdmB

30

90-100

g|r. Xya pWV H$Vmam| | nmYmo Ho$ `

10

gor. H$s Xyar aIH$a H$a|&

{H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go ~rO BVomb H$aZm Mm{hE&

~wdmB go H$ go H$ 15-20 {XZ nhbo 5-10 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go Jmo~a H$s ImX S>mb|& amgm`{ZH$ CdaH$ ZOZ,
$mo$moag Ama nmoQ>me 150-40-40 {H$Jm. {V hQ>o`a H$s Xa go BVomb H$a|& 30 {H$Jm. ZOZ nyao $mo$moag Ama
nmoQ>me Ho$ gmW AmYmar` mm Ho$ $n | S>mb|& ~m{H$ ~Mr ZOZ H$s mm `oH$ H$Q>mB Ho$ EH$ gmh Ho$ ~mX S>mb|&
$gb H$mo ghr T>J go Wm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE nhbr H$Q>mB 4 mh H$s AdWm na H$aZr Mm{hE Ama ~m{H$ H$s H$Q>mB
2 mh Ho$ AVa na H$aZr Mm{hE& nmYm| H$s H$Q>mB OrZ go 10-15 gor. D$na go H$s OmVr h&
Amd`H$VmZwgma 15 {XZ Ho$ AVa na qgMmB H$s OmVr h, EH$ ~ma Wm{nV hmoZo Ho$ ~mX `h dj H$ JhamB dmbr
H$ CnOmD$ ^y{ na ^r Or{dV ah gH$Vm h&
`h dj ~rO Ama nmY XmoZmo Ho$ mam CJm`m Om gH$Vm h, ~rO mam CJm`o JE nmYo Yrr J{V go ~T>Vo h naVw BZ|
OS>| Jhar hmoVr h&
{V df nmM H$Q>mB H$aZo na

20

100-120

Q>Z {V hQ>o`a hao Mmao H$s CnO m hmoVr h&

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

{J{bargr{S>`m
Mmao Ho$ {bE {J{bargr{S>`m [gnrE Om{V H$mo CJmm OmVm h&
h dj gmm`V pgH$Z {bbEH$ Ho$ Zm go ^r OmZm OmVm
h, Bgo 100 go A{YH$ df nyd ^maV | bm`m J`m Wm& BgH$mo
1500-3000 {r. dfm Ho$ gmW Zr, Ju Ama A{YH$ dfm
dmbo dmVmdaU H$s Amd`H$Vm hmoVr h& `h dj gw Vb
go 1600 rQ>a H$s D$MmB VH$ nmbm Zm nS>Zo dmbo WmZm| na
gwIr, H$Q>md dmbr nWarbr, aoVrbr Ama MyZo nWa dmbr ^y{
na CJm`m Om gH$Vm h&

H${f n{Vm

{J{bargr{S>`m H$mo ~rO mam AmgmZr go CJm`m Om gH$Vm h, naVw BgH$mo A{YH$ Zr dmbo WmZm| na VZo Ho$ Qw>H$S>m|
mam ^r CJm`m Om gH$Vm h&
h XbhZr Mmam dj h Bg{bE ~wdmB go nhbo ~rOm| H$mo amBOmo{~` mam CnMm[aV H$aZm bm^Xm`H$ hmoVm h&
{J{b[agr{S>`m H$s moQ>r S>m[bmo H$mo H$mQ> H$a IoV H$s |S>m| na EH$ H$Vma Ho$ $n | bJm H$a Mmao H$s ~mS> Ho$ $n |
CJm`m Om gH$Vm h&
{J{bargr{S>`m H$s ~mS> H$mo A{YH$ T>bmZ dmbo jom| | {>r Ho$ H$Q>md Ama Zr H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ {bE Ama hao Mmao Ho$
$n | Cn`moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Mm[aV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h&
~mS> H$mo 1 rQ>a H$s D$MmB na H$mQ> H$a ZE VZm| H$mo 2-3 hrZm| Ho$ AVa na H$mQ>m Om gH$Vm h&
`h dj A`{YH$ ham Mmam Cn H$aZo | gj h& dm{fH$ ham Mmam CnmXZ 50-60 Q>Z {V hQ>oa&

eodar
`h dj gmm`V hmam> | eodar Ama qhXr | O`Vr Ho$ Zm
go OmZm OmVm h& eodar dj H$m Cn{m WmZ { H$mo mZm
OmVm h& `h dj {>r | Zr H$s {dVV grm | 350-1000
{r. dfm dmbo WmZm| na CJm`m Om gH$Vm h& `h 1200 rQ>a
H$s D$MmB dmbo WmZm| VH$ 10-45 {S>Jr g|Q>r. VmnmZ H$mo
ghZ H$a gH$Vm h& eodar ~ma-~ma Ob^amd Ho$ gmW Abr`
Ama jmar` {>r | ^r hmo gH$Vm h& hmam> | eodar H$m Mmam
WmZr` ~mOma | gmm` $n go {~H$Vm h&

H${f n{Vm

Bg dj H$mo grYo ~rOm| mam CJm`m Om gH$Vm h&

~rOm| H$mo J nmZr | 80 {S>Jr g|Q>r na 15-20 {ZQ> Ho$ {bE CnMm[aV H$aHo$ ~mo`m Om gH$Vm h&
2-3 df VH$ hao Mmao Ho$ bJmVma CnmXZ Ho$ {bE dj H$mo ~mS> `m PmS>r Ho$ $n | CJm`m Om gH$Vm h Ama Mmao H$s
H$Q>mB 40 {XZ Ho$ AVa na H$s Om gH$Vr h&
Mmao Ho$ Abmdm, eodar {H$gmZm| Ho$ {bE BYZ H$s bH$S>r Ho$ {bE ^r Cn`moJr h&
1.5 rQ>a D$MmB H$s PmS>r H$s Vah CJmZo na Ama {H$Zmam| H$s S>m{b`m| H$s g`-g` na H$Q>mB H$aZo na ~mS> H$s
Vah CJmZo H$s Anojm A{YH$ CnmXZ hmoVm h& dm{fH$ ham Mmam CnmXZ 30-35 Q>Z {V hQ>oa&
21

Mmam CnmXZ H$s g{j H${f n{Vm

AJ[V
BgH$m Cn{m Wb bo{em go Cmar AmQo{b`m h naVw h
dj ~hV nwamZo g` go ^maV | CJm`m OmVm h& h VoOr go
~T>Zo dmbm XbhZr dj h {OgH$m ham Mmam ~hV nm{>H$ hmoVm
h& hmam> | Bg dj Ho$ y$b Ama $br gOr | BVomb
{H$E OmVo h&

H${f n{Vm
Bg dj | R>S> Ama nmbo H$mo ghZ H$aZo H$s jVm ~hV
H$ hmoVr h {OgH$s dOh go BgH$mo ` Ama X{jU
^maV VH$ hr CJm`m Om gH$Vm h&
AJ[V H$mo H$ CnOmD$, aoVrbr, H$mbr, Abr` Ama jmar` {>r | CJm`m Om gH$Vm h&
`h dj grYo ~rO mam `m nmY CJmH$a 1-2 rQ>a H$s Xyar na CJm`m Om gH$Vm h&
Bg dj H$s bH$S>r A{YH$ JwUdmm dmbr Zhr hmoVr h Ama AN>m BYZ Zhr ~ZmVr h, naVw H$mJO ~ZmZo | BgH$m
BVomb {H$`m Om gH$Vm h& hao Mmao Ho$ {bE n[mm| Ama wbm S>m[bm| H$m moJ H$a|&
dm{fH$ Mmam CnmXZ

25-30

Q>Z {V hQ>oa&

gw~~yb
`h dj ^maV | gmm`V gw~~yb Ho$ Zm go OmZm OmVm h
Ama R>S>o d ndVr` jom| H$mo N>moS>H$a gnyU Xoe | CJm`m Om
gH$Vm h& gw~~yb 4-5 hrZo Ho$ b~o gyIo g` Ho$ ~mX ^r
600-1700 {r. dfm dmbo WmZm| | AN>o go CJm`m Om
gH$Vm h& `h dj nmbo Ho$ {V gdoXZerb hmoVm h&

H${f n{Vm
`h dj ~rO mam grYo ~wdmB H$aHo$ `m nmY V`ma H$aHo$
CJm`m Om gH$Vm h&
~rO H$mo 80 {S>Jr g|Q>r. na 15 {ZQ> Ho$ {bE `m 100
{S>Jr g|Q>r. na 5 goH|$S> Ho$ {bE J nmZr | aIH$a ~rO
Ho$ D$na H$s moQ>r naV H$mo hQ>m`m Om gH$Vm h&
~wdmB go nhbo amV^a nmZr | Sw>~mH$a aIZo na AHw$aU H$s {H$`m VoO hmo OmVr h&
~wdmB go nhbo ~rOm| H$m Cn`w$ amBOmo{~` H$Ma go CnMma, dmVmdaU | CnpWV ZOZ Jg H$m pWarH$aU H$aHo$
~T>dma H$mo A{YH$ H$aVm h&
Mmam CnmXZ Ho$ {bE H$Vmam| Ho$ ~rM H$s Xyar 75-100 g|r. Ama nmYm| Ho$ ` H$s Xyar 15-30 g|r. hmoZr Mm{hE&
6 hrZo nwamZr nmY Ho$ w` VZo H$mo 50-75 g|r. H$s D$MmB go H$mQ>m Om gH$Vm h&
H$m| go {ZH$bZo dmbr S>m{b`m| H$mo dmVmdaU Ama Zr Ho$ AmYma na `oH$ 35-50 {XZ Ho$ AVa na H$mQ>m Om gH$Vm h&
{Z{V qgMmB `dWm Ho$ gmW gw~~yb {V df 100 Q>Z {V hQ>o`a H$s CnO Xo gH$Vm h&
EH$ ~ma CJmZo Ho$ ~mX CnO | {~Zm {H$gr H$r Ho$ gmW `h dj 15-20 df VH$ AmgmZr go ~Zm ahVm h&
22

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX

[aOH$m {H$ AmZX - 2

23

am>r S>oar {dH$mg ~moS>, AmUX 388001 JwOamV

$moZ (02692) 260148/260149/260160 $g (02692) 260157/260159
do~gmBQ> www.nddb.coop
facebook.com/NationalDairyDevelopmentBoard

For free pdf version visit www.dairyknowledge.in