Banking, Financial & General Awareness 2015 For Upcoming Exams

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BANKING AWARENESS
2
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Chapter- 1 .................................................................................... 4
INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM ...................................................... 4
1.FINANCIAL ASSETS/ INSTRUMENTS ............................................. 4
A.
Money Market Instruments ................................................. 4
B.
CAPITAL MARKET INSTRUMENTS ..................................... 5
C.
Hybrid instruments ............................................................... 6
2.Financial Market ................................................................................ 6
A. Money Market ............................................................................ 6
B. Capital Market ............................................................................ 6
C. Forex Market............................................................................... 6
D. Credit Market.............................................................................. 7
Stock Market .................................................................................... 7
3.FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION ........................................................ 7
Chapter- 2 .................................................................................... 9
BANKING SYSTEM ...................................................................... 9
HISTORY OF INDIAN BANKING ........................................................ 9
STRUCTURE OF BANKING SECTOR IN INDIA ............................. 10
Reserve Bank of India ....................................................................... 10
Role and Function of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) .......... 11
SCHEDULED BANKS ........................................................................... 12
COMMERCIAL BANKS....................................................................... 12
Public Sector Banks ...................................................................... 12
Foreign Banks ................................................................................ 13
Private Sector Banks - ................................................................. 14
Regional Rural Banks ................................................................... 14
Recommendations of Narsimham Committee on RRBs ......... 15
Turnaround of RRBs ...................................................................... 15
Number of Regional Rural Banks in India ............................... 15
Regulation of RRBs ....................................................................... 15
List of RRBs ..................................................................................... 16
COOPERATIVE BANKS...................................................................... 16
List of State Cooperative Banks:............................................... 17
List of Scheduled Urban Cooperative Banks in India: ......... 17
DEVELOPMENT BANKS ..................................................................... 19
EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF INDIA (EXIM BANK) .................. 19
THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA (IDBI) .... 20
NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT (NABARD).......................................................... 20
SMALL INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA
(SIDBI) .............................................................................................. 21
NATIONAL HOUSING BANK (NHB)......................................... 21
NON-BANK FINANCIAL COMPANIES (NBFCS) .......................... 21
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS (MFIS) ................................... 21
SELF-HELP GROUPS OR MICRO CREDIT ................................ 21
About the term NBFC: .................................................................. 22
Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank
(MUDRA) ............................................................................................... 23
Payment Banks: A Step Closer Towards Financial Inclusion ..... 23
BRICS New Development Bank: All you need to know about . 24
Chapter-3 ................................................................................... 25
PAYMENT AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN INDIA .................... 25
Traditional Methods of Making Payments ................................... 25
Electronic Payment and Settlement Systems in India ................. 25
Electronic Clearing Service (ECS Credit) ...................................... 25
Electronic Clearing Services (ECS Debit) ...................................... 25
Credit cards and Debit cards ......................................................... 25
Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS)............................................... 26
National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT) ..................................... 26
Indo-Nepal Remittance Facility Scheme ....................................... 27
Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) ............................................... 27
Bharat Bill Payment System ............................................................. 27
Comparison .......................................................................................... 27
Channels of e-payments ................................................................... 28
Role of the RBI in encouraging e-payments ................................. 28
Difference between RTGS and NEFT ............................................ 28
Chapter-4 ................................................................................... 29
REGULATORY BODIES .............................................................. 29
Regulatory agencies .................................................................... 29
Quasi-Regulatory Agencies ....................................................... 29
Securities and Exchange Board of India ...................................... 29
Objectives of SEBI ........................................................................ 29

Functions of SEBI............................................................................ 29
Foreign Investment Promotion Board ............................................. 29
Financial Stability Development Council (FSDC) ......................... 30
Composition of the council .......................................................... 30
Major Financial Institutions in India ................................................ 30
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) ........ 31
In 2010, the Government of India ruled that the Unit Linked
Insurance Plans (ULIPs) will be governed by IRDA, and not
the market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of
India. ................................................................................................ 31
Duties, Powers and Functions of IRDA ...................................... 31
Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
(PFRDA) ................................................................................................. 31
Forward Markets Commission (FMC) ............................................. 31
Categories of Priority Sector ..................................................... 32
Chapter-5 ................................................................................... 33
INDIAN ECONOMY CONCEPTS & UNDERSTANDING
BUDGET ...................................................................................... 33
INDIAN ECONOMY CONCEPTS & UNDERSTANDING ............. 33
CONCEPT OF NATIONAL INCOME ............................................... 33
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) .................................................. 33
Net National Product (NNP) at Market Price ........................ 33
Net National Product (NNP) at Factor Cost ........................... 33
Factor Cost: .................................................................................... 33
National Income at current prices: ............................................ 33
Per Capita Income:....................................................................... 34
Personal Income ............................................................................ 34
Disposable Income........................................................................ 34
MEASUREMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME..................................... 34
1. Output or Production Method ............................................... 34
2. Income Method ......................................................................... 34
3. Expenditure Method ............................................................... 34
NEW ECONOMIC POLICY .............................................................. 34
ECONOMIC REFORMS ..................................................................... 35
RECENT POLICY MEASURES ...................................................... 35
SECTORS WITH CAPS ................................................................. 35
SECTORS REQUIRING CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
APPROVAL ..................................................................................... 35
FISCAL POLICY ................................................................................... 36
TAX SYSTEM ........................................................................................ 36
Direct Taxes ................................................................................... 36
Indirect Taxes ................................................................................ 36
Finance Commission............................................................................ 36
IMPORTANT TAXES IMPOSED IN INDIA ....................................... 37
1. Tax on Income and Wealth ................................................... 37
2. Personal Income Tax ............................................................... 37
4. Agricultural income .................................................................. 37
5. Corporate Tax ......................................................................... 37
7. Custom Duties ............................................................................ 37
8. Import Duties ............................................................................. 37
9. Export Duties............................................................................. 37
10. Excise Duties ........................................................................... 37
Types of Tax ....................................................................................... 37
BUDGET ................................................................................................ 37
Budget Preparation ..................................................................... 37
Resources side ............................................................................... 37
The Expenditure side ................................................................... 38
Important Terms ............................................................................ 38
BALANCE SHEET (OVERVIEW) .................................................. 39
UNION BUDGET 2015-16 ............................................................... 39
Introduction ..................................................................................... 39
State of Economy .......................................................................... 40
RAIL BUDGET 2015-16 .................................................................... 44
Thrust .............................................................................................. 44
PROPOSED INVESTMENT PLAN (2015-2019)...................... 45
To set standards for Governance and Transparency .......... 45
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (2014-15) .................................. 48
Budget Estimates for 2015-16 .................................................. 48
Plan Outlay 2015-16.................................................................. 48
Conclusion ....................................................................................... 48
ECONOMIC SURVEY 2015 ............................................................. 48
Page
Highlights of Economic Survey ................................................... 48

Chapter-6 ...................................................................................................50
BANKING TERMINOLOGY ...................................................................50
Chapter-7 ................................................................................... 77
BANKING & FINANCE ABBREVIATIONS .................................. 77
Chapter-8 ................................................................................... 81
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR
HEADQUARTERS ....................................................................... 81
Important (51) ..................................................................................... 81
Semi-Important (34) .......................................................................... 82
Regular (21) ........................................................................................ 83
List of International Organization Leaders .................................. 83
UN organizations .......................................................................... 83
Political and economic organizations....................................... 84
Financial organizations ............................................................... 85
Sports organizations .................................................................... 85
Other organizations ..................................................................... 85
Chapter-9 ................................................................................... 87
ABOUT INDIA ............................................................................ 87
List of Governors, CMs & Capitals of States & Union
Territories ............................................................................................. 87
List of Indian Dances State-wise ..................................................... 87
Union Council of Ministers of India ................................................. 88
Cabinet Ministers .......................................................................... 88
Ministers of State .......................................................................... 89
List of Office-Holders in India ......................................................... 90
Constitutional offices .................................................................... 90
Political offices .............................................................................. 90
Heads of Govt Apex Wing ....................................................... 90
Heads of Financial Bodies .......................................................... 90
Bureaucrats .................................................................................... 90
Defence and security ................................................................... 90
Wildlife Sanctuaries of India .......................................................... 91
List of National Parks of India ........................................................ 96
Zoos in India ........................................................................................ 98
Most Popular Zoos in India .............................................................. 99
Sports Stadiums in India ................................................................. 102
List of Power Stations in India ....................................................... 103
Non-renewable ........................................................................... 103
A.
Nuclear Energy ................................................................ 103
B.
Thermal Power ................................................................. 103
Renewable ................................................................................... 109
A.
Hydroelectric .................................................................... 109
B.
Solar................................................................................... 110
C.
Wind power ..................................................................... 111
List of Important Dams in India ..................................................... 112
Rivers in India .................................................................................... 112
50 Famous Temples in India with Locations ............................... 113
Chapter-10 ............................................................................... 114
COUNTRIES AND THEIR CAPITAL & CURRENCY ................... 114
Africa ............................................................................................. 114
Asia ................................................................................................ 115
Europe ........................................................................................... 116
North America ............................................................................. 118
South America ............................................................................. 119
Oceania ........................................................................................ 119
Antarctica ..................................................................................... 120
Chapter-11 ............................................................................... 121
Important Days ........................................................................ 121
List of Important Days National & International ....................... 121
Short Tricks to Remember Days .................................................... 123
Chapter-12 ............................................................................... 125
Books and Their Authors......................................................... 125
Important Books and Authors ........................................................ 125
Newly Released or Recently in News ......................................... 127
10 Important Books & Their Authors... ......................................... 127
Important Books for the year 2015 ............................................ 127
Important Books for the year 2014 ............................................ 129
Important Books for the year 2013............................................. 129

Chapter-13 ............................................................................... 131
Important Committees ............................................................. 131
List of important Committees in India during 2014 and
2015. .................................................................................................. 131
Important Committee List 2015 .................................................... 131
Important committees for IBPS ...................................................... 132
Various Committees in News: ........................................................ 133
Chapter-14 ............................................................................... 134
Sports ....................................................................................... 134
TROPHIES AND TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS ............. 134
Upcoming Sports Event ................................................................... 135
2015 Sports Event ........................................................................... 136
2016 Major World Sporting Event Calendar........................... 141
Major International Sports Events................................................. 141
International Multi-Sport Events .................................................... 142
Chapter-15 ............................................................................... 144
Awards & Honours .................................................................. 144
Awards and Honours in India for the year 2015:- .................. 144
Padma Awards Winners List for the year 2015 ...................... 146
List of Arjuna Award Winners 2015 ........................................... 147
Arjuna Awards 2015 (NOMINATION) .................................. 147
Chapter-16 ............................................................................... 149
Weldare Schemes Launched by Govt. ..................................... 149
What Comes Under the Digital India Programme? ................. 149
AMRUT ................................................................................................ 150
Housing for All .................................................................................. 150
Smart Cities Mission ......................................................................... 150
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) - Scheme Details . 150
Digital India - The blue print of a Futuristic India..................... 151
Social Security Schemes launched by Narendra Modi
Summary............................................................................................. 153
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojna................................... 154
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana .................................... 154
Atal Pension Yojana ................................................................... 154
Digital Locker .................................................................................... 154
e-Basta: New Portal for Students to Download School
Books ................................................................................................... 155
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana : Skill Development
Scheme ................................................................................................ 156
Skill India: A New Programme to be launched in March
2015 ................................................................................................... 157
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Scheme To Ensure the Rights of
the Girl Child ..................................................................................... 157
One Rank One Pension ................................................................... 158
Sukanya Samriddhi Account: New Scheme for a Girl Child in
India .................................................................................................... 158
Start Up India, Stand up India Campaign Launched by
Modi .................................................................................................... 159
PM Modi launched "Accessible India" Campaign .................... 159
IAF and SMILE Funds Launched by Arun Jaitley ....................... 159
Chapter-17 ............................................................................... 161
International Summit ............................................................... 161
G 20 Summit ..................................................................................... 161
G 8 Summit ........................................................................................ 161
BRICS Summit..................................................................................... 161
ASEAN-EAS Summit 2014 .............................................................. 161
East Asia Summit ............................................................................... 161
IBSA Summit 2015 ........................................................................... 162
SAARC................................................................................................. 162
BIMSTEC Summit ............................................................................... 162
NATO Summit .................................................................................... 162
Nuclear Summit ................................................................................. 162
NAM Summit ...................................................................................... 163
SECTORS WHERE FOREIG N DIRECT INVESTMENT IS
PROHIBITED: .................................................................................. 165
Chapter- 1
INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Financial System
A financial system or financial sector functions as an intermediary and facilitates the flow of funds from the areas of surplus the areas of
deficit. A financial system is a composition of various institutions, markets, regulations and laws, practices, money manager, analysts,
transactions and claims and liabilities.
Money Market
Instruments
Financial Assets/
Instruments
Capital market
Instrument
Hybrid Instrument
Forex Market
Credit Market
Primary Market
Financial Market
Money Market
Secondary Market
Financial
Intermediaries
Primary Market
Capital Market
Secondary Market
1. FINANCIAL ASSETS/ INSTRUMENTS

A. Money Market Instruments
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The money market can be defined as a market for short-term money and financial assets that are near substitutes for money. The term
short-term means generally a period up to one year and near substitutes to money is used to denote any financial assets which can be
quickly converted into money with minimum transaction cost.
Some of the important money market instruments are briefly discussed below:
1. Call/Notice Money 2. Treasury Bills 3. Term Money 4. Certificate of Deposits 5. Commercial Papers
1. Call/Notice- Money Market: Call/Notice money is the money borrowed or lent on demand for a very short period. When money is
borrowed or lent for a day, it is known as Call (Overnight) Money. Intervening holidays and/or Sunday are excluded for this purpose.
Thus money, borrowed on a day and repaid on the next working day (irrespective of the number of intervening holidays) is Call Money.
When money is borrowed or lent for more than a day and up to 14 days, it is Notice Money. No collateral security is required to cover
these transactions.
2. Treasury Bills: Treasury Bills are short term (up to one year) borrowing instruments of the Union Government. It is an IOU of the
Government. It is a promise by the government to pay a stated sum after expiry of the stated period from the date of issue
(14/91/182/364 days i.e. less than one year). They are issued at a discount to the face value, and on maturity the face value is paid to
the holder. The rate of discount and the corresponding issue price are determined at each auction.
3. Inter-Bank Term Money: Inter-Bank Market for deposits of maturity beyond 14 days is referred to as the term money market. The
entry restrictions are the same as those for Call/Notice Money except that, as per existing regulations, they specified entities are not
allowed to lend beyond 14 days.
4. Certificate of Deposits: Certificate of Deposits (CDs) is a negotiable money market instrument and issued in dematerialised form or as
a Usance Promissory Note, for funds deposited at a bank or other eligible financial institutions for a specified time period. Guidelines for
issue of CDs are presently governed by the Reserve Bank of India, as amended from time to time.
CDs can be issued by:(i)
Scheduled Commercial Banks excluding Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) and Local Area Banks (LABs), and
(ii)
Select all-India Financial Institutions that have been permitted by RBI to raise short-term resources within the umbrella limit
fixed by RBI.
Banks have the freedom to issue CDs depending on their requirements. An FI may issue CDs within the overall umbrella limit fixed by RBI,
i.e. issued of CD together with other instruments viz., term money, term deposits, commercial papers and inter corporate deposits should
not exceed 100% of its net owned funds, as per the latest audited balance sheet.
5. Commercial Paper: CP is a note in evidence of the debt obligation of the issuer. On issuing commercial paper the debt obligation is
transformed into an instrument. CP is thus an unsecured promissory note privately placed with investors at a discount rate to face value
determined by market forces. CP is freely negotiable by endorsement and delivery. A company shall be eligible to issue CP provided(a) The tangible net worth of the company, as per the latest audited balance sheet, is not less than Rs.4 crore; (b) The working capital
(fund-based) limit of the company from the banking system is not less than Rs. 4 crore; (c) The borrowable account of the company is
classified as a Standard Asset by the financing banks; The minimum maturity period of CP is 7 days. The minimum credit rating shall be
P-2 of CRISIL or such equivalent rating by other agencies.
B. CAPITAL MARKET INSTRUMENTS

The capital market generally consists of the following long term period i.e., more than one year period, financial instruments; in the equity
segment Equity Shares, Preference shares, Convertible Preference Shares, Non-Convertible Preference Shares etc and in the debt segment
debentures, zero coupon bonds, deep discounts bonds etc.
Equity Segment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Equity Shares: In accounting and finance Equity is the residual claim or interest of the most junior class of investors in assets, after all
liabilities are paid. If liability exceeds assets, negative equity exists. In an accounting context, shareholders equity (or stockholder
equity, shareholders funds, shareholders capital or similar terms) represents the remaining interest in assets of a company, spread
among individual shareholders of common or preferred stock.
Shareholders equity: When the owners are shareholders, the interest can be called shareholders equity; the accounting remains the
same, and it is ownership equity spread out among shareholders. If all shareholders are in one and the same class, they share equally
in ownership equity from all perspectives. However, shareholders may allow different priority ranking among themselves by the use
of share classes and options. This complicates both analysis for stock valuation and accounting.
Market value of Shares: In the stock market, market price per share does not correspond to the equity per share calculated in the
accounting statements. Stock valuations, which are often much higher, are based on other considerations related to the business
operating cash flow, profits and future prospects; some factors are derived from the accounting statements.
Equity in Real Estate: The notion of equity with respect to real estate makes the equity of redemption. This equity is a property right
valued at the difference between the market price of the property and the amount of any mortgage or other encumbrance.
Preference Shares: Preference shares, or simply preferred, are a special equity security that has properties of both equity and a
debt instrument and is generally considered a hybrid instrument. Preference Shareholders are senior (i.e. higher ranking) to common
stock, but are subordinate to bonds in terms of claim or rights to their share of the assets of the company.
Preference shares usually carry no voting rights, but may carry a dividend and may have priority over common stock in the payment
of dividends and upon liquidation. Terms of the preferred stock are stated in a Certificate of Destination. Similar to bond, preferred
stocks are rated by the major credit rating companies. The rating for Preferred is generally lower since preferred dividends do not
carry the same guarantees as interest payments from bonds and they are junior to all creditors.
Convertible Preference shares: These shares are corporate fixed income securities that the investor can choose to turn into a certain
number of shares of the companys common stock after a predetermined time span or on a specific date. The fixed income component
offers a steady income stream and some protection of the investors capital. But the option to convert these securities into stock gives
the investor the opportunity to gain from a rise in share price. Convertibles are particularly attractive to those investors who want to
participate in the rise of hot growth companies while being insulated from a drop in price should the stocks not live up to expectations.
Debt segment
1.
2.
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3.
Debentures: A debenture is a document that either creates a debt or acknowledges it, and it is debt without collateral. In corporate
finance, the term is used for a medium to long-term debt instrument used by large companies to borrow money. In some countries the
term is used interchangeably with bound, loan stock or note. A debenture is thus like a certificate of loan or a loan bond evidencing
the fact that the company is liable to pay a specified amount with interest and although
the money raised by the debentures becomes a part of the companys capital structure, it does not become share capital. Senior
debenture gets paid before subordinate debentures, and there are varying rates and payoff for these categories. Debentures are
generally freely transferable by the debenture holder. Debenture holders have no rights to vote in the companys general meetings
of shareholders, but they may have separate meetings or votes e.g. on changes to the right attached to the debentures. The interest
paid to them is a charge against profit in the companys financial statements.
There are two types of debentures:
1. Convertible debentures, which are convertible bonds or bonds that can be converted into equity shares of the issuing company
after a predetermined period of time. Convertibility is a feature that corporations may add to the bonds they issue to make
them more attractive to buyers. In other words, it is a special feature that a corporate bond may carry. As a result of the
advantage buyer a gets from the ability to convert, convertible bonds typically have lower interest rates than non-convertible
corporate bonds.
2. 2. Non-Convertible debentures, which are simply regular debentures, cannot be converted into equity shares of the liable
company. They are debentures without the convertibility feature attached to them. As a result, they usually carry higher interest
rates than their convertible counterparts.
Zero Coupon Bonds: A zero-coupon bond (also called a discount bond or deep discount bond) is a bond bought at a price lower
than its face value, with the face value repaid at the time of maturity. It does not make periodic interest payments, or have so-called
coupons, hence the term zero-coupon bound. When the bond reaches maturity, its investor receives its par (or face) value. Examples
of zero-coupon bonds include U.S. Treasury bills, U.S. Savings bonds, long-term zero-coupon bonds and any type of coupon bond
that has been stripped of its coupons.
Deep Discount bonds: A Bond that is selling at a discount from par value and has a coupon rate significantly less than the prevailing
rates of fixed-income securities with a similar risk profile.
C. Hybrid instruments
Hybrid instruments have both the features of equity and debenture. This kind of instruments is called as hybrid instruments. Examples are
convertible debentures, warrants etc. Warrants: In finance, a warrant is a security that entities the holder to buy the underlying stock of
the issuing company at a fixed exercise price until the expiry date.
2. Financial Market
A financial market can be defined as the market in which financial assets are created or transferred. As against a real transaction that
involves exchange of money for real goods or services, a financial transaction involves creation or transfer of a financial asset. Financial
Assets or Financial Instruments represents a clam to the payment of a sum of money sometime in the future and/or periodic payment in
the form of interest or dividend.
Constituents of Financial Markets

The main constituents of Financial Markets are:
A. Money Market
The money market is a wholesale debt market for low-risk, highly-liquid, short-term instrument. Funds are available in this market for
periods ranging from a single day up to a year. This market is a dominated mostly by government, banks and financial institutions.
B. Capital Market
Capital Market may be defined as market dealing in medium and long-term funds. It is an institutional arrangement for borrowing medium
and long-term funds and which provides facilities for marketing and trading of securities. So it constitutes all long-term borrowings from
banks and financial institutions, borrowings from foreign markets and raising of capital by issue various securities such as shares debentures,
bonds, etc. In the present chapter let us discuss about the market for trading of securities. The market where securities are traded known
as Securities market. It consists of two different segments namely primary market deals with new or fresh issue of securities and is,
therefore, also known as new issue market; whereas the secondary market provides a place for purchase and sale of existing securities
and is often termed as stock market or stock exchange.
A. Primary Market- The primary market consists of arrangements, which facilitate the procurement of long term funds by companies
by making fresh issue of shares and debentures. You know that companies make fresh issue of shares and/or debentures at
their formation stage and, if necessary, subsequently for the expansion of business. It is usually done through private placements
to friends, relatives and financial institutions or by making public issue.
B. Secondary Market- The secondary market known as stock market or stock exchange pays an equally important role in mobilising
long-term funds by providing the necessary liquidity to holding in shares and debentures. It provides a place where these
securities can be encashed without any difficulty and delay. It is an organised market where shares and debentures are traded
regularly with high degree of transparency and security. In fact, an active secondary market facilitates the growth of primary
market are assured of a continuous market for liquidity of their holdings. The major players in the primary market are merchant
bankers, mutual funds, financial institutions and the individual investors; and in the secondary market you have all these and the
stockbrokers who are members of the stock exchange who facilitate the trading.
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Distinction between Capital Market and Money Market

Capital Market differs from money market in many ways.
First of all, while Money Market is related to short-term funds, the Capital Market related to long-term funds.
Secondly, while Money Market deals in securities like treasury bills, commercial paper, trade bills, deposits certificates, etc., the Capital
Market deals in shares, debentures, bonds and government securities.
Thirdly, while the participants in Money Market are Reserve Bank of India, commercial banks, non-banking financial companies, etc., the
participants in Capital Market are stockbroker, underwriters, mutual funds, financial institutions, and individual investors. Fourthly, while
the Money Market is regulated by Reserve Bank of India, the Capital Market is regulated by Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
C. Forex Market-
The Forex Market deals with the multicurrency requirements, which are made by the exchange of currencies. Depending on the exchange
rate that is applicable, the transfer of funds takes place in this market. This is one of the most developed and integrated market across
the globe.
D. Credit Market
Credit Market is a place where banks, FIs and NBFCs purvey short, medium and long-term loans to corporate and individuals.
Distinction between Primary Market and Secondary Market

The main points of distinction between the primary market and secondary market are as follows:
1. Function: While the main function of primary market is to raise long-term funds through fresh issue of securities, the main function of
secondary market is to provide continuous and ready market for the existing long-term securities.
2. Participants: While the major players in the primary market are financial institutions, mutual funds, underwriters and individual
investors, the major players in secondary market are all of these and the stockbroker who are members of the stock exchange.
3. Listing Requirements: While only those securities can be dealt with in the secondary market, which have been approved for the
purpose (listed), there is no such requirement in case of primary market.
4. Determination of prices: In case of primary market, the prices are determined by the management with due compliance with SEBI
requirement for new issue of securities. But in case of secondary market. The price of the securities is determined by force of demand
and supply of the market and keeps on fluctuating.
Functions of Financial market
a) It provides facilities for interaction between the investors and the borrowers.
b) It provides pricing information resulting from the interaction between buyers and sellers in the market when they trade the financial
assets.
c) It provides security to dealings in financial assets.
d) It ensures liquidity by providing a mechanism for an investor to sell the financial assets.
e) It ensures low cost of transactions and information.
Stock Market
National Stock Exchange (NSE)
India National Stock Exchange In the year 1991 Pherwani Committee recommended to establish National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India.
In 1992 the Government of India authorised IDBI for establishing this exchange. In National Stock Exchange there is trading of equity
shares, bonds and government securities. Indias Stock Exchanges particularly national Stock Exchange has achieved world standards in
the recent years. The Index of NSE id called S&P CNX Nifty 50 (Standard & Poors Crisil NSE Index). The value of index is calculated by
taking into consideration the movement in share price and trading volume of total 50 shares.
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Bombay Stock Exchange is one of the oldest stock exchanges in Asia was established in the year 1875 in
the name of The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association. Bombay Stock Exchange is located at Dalal Street, Mumbai, India. It got
recognition in 1956 from the Government of India under Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. Presently BSE SENSEX is recognised
over the world. The index of BSE is called Sensex (Sensitivity Index). The value of index is calculated by taking into consideration the
movement in share price and trading volume of total 30 shares.
3. FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
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Financial Intermediation is a systematic channel within the financial system to ensure the transfer of financial assets to the ultimate investor
in order to garner the requisite amount. Financial intermediation in the organised sector is conducted by a wide range of institutions
functioning under the overall surveillance of the Reserve Bank of India. In the initial stages, the role of the intermediary was mostly related
to ensure transfer of funds from the lender to the borrower. This service was offered by banks, FIs, brokers and dealers. However, as the
financial system widened along with the developments taking place in the financial markets, the scope of its operations also widened.
Some of the important intermediaries operating in the financial markets include; investment bankers, underwriters, stock exchanges,
registrars, depositories, custodian, portfolio managers, mutual funds, financial advertiser financial advertisers financial consultants, primary
dealers, satellite dealers, self-regulatory organisations, etc. Through the markets are different, there may be a few intermediaries offering
their services in more than one market e.g. underwriter. However, the services offered by them vary from one market to another.
Financial intermediary
Market
Role
Stock Exchange
Capital Market
Secondary Market to Securities
Capital Market, Credit
Investment Bankers
Corporate advisory services, Issue of securities
Market
Capital Market, Money
Underwriters
Subscribe to Unsubscribe portion of securities
Market
Registrars, Depositories,
Issue of securities to the investors on behalf of the company and handle
Capital Market
Custodians
share transfer activity
Primary Dealers satellite
Money Market
Market making in Government securities
Dealers
Forex Dealers
Forex Market
Ensure Exchange ink currencies
Page
Chapter- 2
BANKING SYSTEM
HISTORY OF INDIAN BANKING
o
Bank of Hindustan
After 16 After years
Establishment- 1770
(First Bank of India) by- Alexander & Co.
General Bank of India

o
Establishment- 1786
Liquidation- 1829-32
but failed in 1791
Union Bank of India (1869)

(First Private Joint Stock Association)
Presidency Banks
Three banks called Presidency Banks
I.
Bank of Bengal
Establishment-1806
(Bank of Calcutta established in 1806 but after that renamed as Bank of Bengal in 1809)
II.
Bank of Bombay
Establishment- 1840
III.
Bank of Madras
Establishment- 1843
27 January 1921 Presidency Banks merged to form
Imperial Bank of India (1921)

After Independence on 01 July 1955
Imperial Bank of India became
State Bank of India (1955)

Nationalised- 02 June 1956
SBI Act, 1955
In 1960 SBI was given control to 8 associates Banks under the SBI (Subsidiaries banks) Act, 1959.
o
Allahabad Bank
o
o
HSBC established itself in Bengal 1869.
Establishment-1865
(Oldest Joint Stock Bank in India Still functioning today)
It was not first though. That honour belongs to Bank of Upper India (Establishment-1881) but failed in 1913.
Some of its Assets & Liabilities transferred to Alliance Bank of Simla.
Oudh Commercial Bank
Establishment-1881 in Faizabad
but failed in 1958
(The first entirely Indian Joint Stock Bank)
Punjab National Bank (1894) in Lahore

(Which was survived to the present and is now largest Public Sector Bank in India)
In 1993 Govt. merged New Bank of India with PNB (Now Nationalised Banks 20 to 19)
Between 1906 to 1911 Established no. of Banks have survived present such asBank of India, Corporation Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank & Central Bank of India.
Reserve Bank of India (1935)
o
o
o
o
In 1949 Banking Regulation Act was enact which empowered the RBI to Regulate, Control and Inspect to Banks in India.
In 19 July 1969- 14 largest Commercial Banks are Nationalised (These Banks contained 85% Bank Deposits in the Country).
In 1980- 6 more Banks Nationalised.
In 1990s, the then govt. embarked on policy of liberalisation, licencing a small number of private banks. These come to be known
as New Generation Tech Savvy banks and included Global trust banks.
(The first of such New Generation Banks to be set up) which amalgamated with Oriental Bank of Commerce, UTI (Since Renamed
AXIS Bank), ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank.
In 1975 RRBs were established. 1st RRB is Prathma Bank (02 Oct, 1975) in Morabad, Uttar Pradesh. RRBs were set up by the
recommendation of Narsimha Working Group.
Page
Nationalised- 01 January, 1949

Under the term of RBI (Transfer to public ownership) Act, 1948
For many years the Presidency Banks had acted as quasi-central Bank as their successor, until the RBI
STRUCTURE OF BANKING SECTOR IN INDIA
Reserve Bank of India

1.
The function of the central bank of a country is to control and monitor the banking and financial system of the country. In India, the Reserve
Bank of India (RBI) is the Central Bank. The RBI was established in 1935. It was nationalised in 1949.Feb 24, 2014
Rate as on 2 June 2015
Headquarters
Established
Governor
Website
Mumbai, Maharashtra
1 April 1935
Raghu ram Rajan
https://rbi.org.in/
Bank Rate
8.25%
Repo Rate
7.25%
Reverse Repo Rate
6.25%
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
4%
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)
21.50%
Base Rate
10.00%10.25%
Savings Deposit Rate
4%
Term Deposit Rate
8.00%9.00%
Central Board of DirectorsThe Central Board of Directors is the main committee of the Central Bank. The Government of India appoints the directors for a 4-year
term. The Board consists of a Governor, and not more than 4 Deputy Governors, 4 Directors to represent the regional boards, 2 from the
Ministry of Finance and 10 other directors from various fields.
The central bank now wants to create a post of Chief Operating Officer(COO) and re-allocate work between the five of them (4 Deputy
Governor and COO).
Page
10
GovernorsThe Governor of RESERVE BANK OF INDIA is Raghu ram Rajan.

There are 4 Deputy Governors
H R Khan,
Dr Urjit Patel,
R Gandhi and
S S MUNDRA.
Dr. Urjit Patel became Deputy Governor in January 2013. Two of the four Deputy Governors is traditionally from RBI ranks, and is
selected from the Bank's Executive Directors. As for the rest, one is nominated from among the Chairpersons of Public Sector Bank, and
the other is an economist of repute. It is also often seen that an officer of Indian Administrative Service is appointed Deputy Governor of
RBI and later as the Governor of RBI. The case of Y. Venugopal Reddy, an officer of Indian Administrative Service batch of 1964 is a
noted example for this trend in the RBI.
Role and Function of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

In every country there is one organization which works as the central bank. The function of the central bank of a country is to control and
monitor the banking and financial system of the country. In India, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the Central Bank.
The RBI was established in 1935. It was nationalised in 1949. The RBI plays role of regulator of the banking system in India. The Banking
Regulation Act 1949 and the RBI Act 1953 has given the RBI the power to regulate the banking system.
The RBI has different functions in different roles. Below, we share and discuss some of the functions of the RBI.
RBI is the Regulator of Financial System

The RBI regulates the Indian banking and financial system by issuing broad guidelines and instructions. The objectives of these regulations
include:
Controlling money supply in the system,
Monitoring different key indicators like GDP and inflation,
Maintaining peoples confidence in the banking and financial system, and
Providing different tools for customers help, such as acting as the Banking Ombudsman.
RBI is the Issuer of Monetary Policy

The RBI formulates monetary policy twice a year. It reviews the policy every quarter as well. The main objectives of monitoring monetary
policy are:
Inflation control
Control on bank credit
Interest rate control
The tools used for implementation of the objectives of monetary policy are:
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR),
Open market operations,
Different Rates such as repo rate, reverse repo rate, and bank rate.
Page
11
RBI is the Issuer of Currency

Section 22 of the RBI Act gives authority to the RBI to issue currency notes. The RBI also takes action to control circulation of fake currency.
RBI is the Controller and Supervisor of Banking Systems
The RBI has been assigned the role of controlling and supervising the bank system in India. The RBI is responsible for controlling the overall
operations of all banks in India. These banks may be:
Public sector banks
Private sector banks
Foreign banks
Co-operative banks, or
Regional rural banks
The control and supervisory roles of the Reserve Bank of India is done through the following:
Issue of Licence: Under the Banking Regulation Act 1949, the RBI has been given powers to grant licenses to commence new
banking operations. The RBI also grants licenses to open new branches for existing banks. Under the licensing policy, the RBI
provides banking services in areas that do not have this facility.
Prudential Norms: The RBI issues guidelines for credit control and management. The RBI is a member of the Banking Committee
on Banking Supervision (BCBS). As such, they are responsible for implementation of international standards of capital adequacy
norms and asset classification.
Corporate Governance: The RBI has power to control the appointment of the chairman and directors of banks in India. The RBI
has powers to appoint additional directors in banks as well.
KYC Norms: To curb money laundering and prevent the use of the banking system for financial crimes, The RBI has Know Your
Customer guidelines. Every bank has to ensure KYC norms are applied before allowing someone to open an account.
Transparency Norms: This means that every bank has to disclose their charges for providing services and customers have the
right to know these charges.
Risk Management: The RBI provides guidelines to banks for taking the steps that are necessary to mitigate risk. They do this
through risk management in Basel norms.
Audit and Inspection: The procedure of audit and inspection is controlled by the RBI through off-site and on-site monitoring
system. On-site inspection is done by the RBI on the basis of CAMELS. Capital adequacy; Asset quality; Management; Earning;
Liquidity; System and control.
Foreign Exchange Control: The RBI plays a crucial role in foreign exchange transactions. It does due diligence on every foreign
transaction, including the inflow and outflow of foreign exchange. It takes steps to stop the fall in value of the Indian Rupee.
The RBI also takes necessary steps to control the current account deficit. They also give support to promote export and the RBI
provides a variety of options for NRIs.
Development: Being the banker of the Government of India, the RBI is responsible for implementation of the governments
policies related to agriculture and rural development. The RBI also ensures the flow of credit to other priority sectors as well.
Section 54 of the RBI gives stress on giving specialized support for rural development. Priority sector lending is also in key focus
area of the RBI.
Apart from the above, the RBI publishes periodical review and data related to banking. The role and functions of the RBI cannot be
described in a brief write up. The RBI plays a very important role in every aspect related to banking and finance. Finally the control of
NBFCs and others in the financial world is also assigned with RBI.
SCHEDULED BANKS
All banks which are included in the Second Schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 are scheduled banks. These banks comprise
Scheduled Commercial Banks and Scheduled Cooperative Banks. These banks are eligible for certain facilities such as financial
accommodation from RBI and are required to fulfil certain statutory obligation. The RBI is empowered to exclude any bank from the
schedule whose:
(1) Aggregate value of paid up capital and reserves fall below Rs 5 lakh
(2) Affairs are conducted in a manner detrimental to the interests of depositors
(3) Goes into liquidation and ceases to transact banking business
COMMERCIAL BANKS
A financial institution that provides services, such as accepting deposits, giving business loans and auto loans, mortgage lending, and basic
investment products like savings accounts and certificates of deposit. The traditional commercial bank is a brick and mortar institution with
tellers, safe deposit boxes, vaults and ATMs. However, some commercial banks do not have any physical branches and require consumers
to complete all transactions by phone or Internet. In exchange, they generally pay higher interest rates on investments and deposits, and
charge lower fees.
Commercial banking activities are different than those of investment banking, which include underwriting, acting as an intermediary
between an issuer of securities and the investing public, facilitating mergers and other corporate reorganizations, and also acting as a
broker for institutional clients. Some commercial banks, such as Citibank and JPMorgan Chase, also have investment banking divisions,
while others, such as Ally, operate strictly on the commercial side of the business.
Public Sector Banks
Page
12
These are banks where majority stake is held by the Government of India. Examples of public sector banks are: SBI, Bank of India, Canara
Bank, etc.
(As on 22-08-2015)
Tagline/Slogan
S.
Bank Name
Headquarters Founded
MD & CEO
Allahabad
24 April 1865 in
A tradition of trust
1
Kolkata
Rakesh Sethi (CMD)
Allahabad
Bank
2
Andhra Bank
Hyderabad
1923 in Machilipatnam
Much more to do. With

YOU in focus
Bank of
Baroda
Vadodara
20 July 1908
Indias International Bank
Bank of India
Mumbai
September 7, 1906
Relationships
beyond Banking
Bank of
Maharashtra
Pune
16 September 1935
One Family One Bank
C.V.R RAjendran (CEO)

Shri Ranjan Dhawan (MD &
CEO),
Shri Ravi Venkatesan
(Chairman)
Shri Melwyn Rego (MD &
CEO),
Shri G. Padmanabhan- NonExecutive Chairman
Sushil Muhnot (CMD)
Canara Bank
Bangalore
Canara Bank Hindu

Permanent Fund (1906)
Renamed Canara Bank
Ltd (1910)
Canara Bank (1969)
Central Bank
of India
Mumbai
21 December 1911
Mangalore
Mumbai
12 March 1906 in the

Temple Town of Udupi
26 May 1938
Corporation
Bank
Dena Bank
10
Indian Bank
Chennai
15 August 1907
11
Indian
Overseas Bank
Chennai
Madras, 10 February
1937
New Delhi
19 February 1943
New Delhi
19 May 1894 in
Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore.
New Delhi
24 June 1908
12
13
14
Oriental Bank
of Commerce
Punjab
National Bank
Punjab & Sind
Bank
Its easy to change for

those who you love,
Together we Can
Rakesh Sharma (CMD & CEO)
Build A Better Life

Around Us, Central to
you since 1911
Rajeev Rishi (CMD)
Prosperity for all
Sadhu Ram Bansal (CEO)
Trusted Family Bank

Taking Banking
Technology to Common
Man, Your Tech-friendly
bank
Aswini Kumar (CMD)

Mahesh Kumar Jain
(Executive Director/MD &
CEO) (Additional Charge)
R. Koteeswaran (MD & CEO)
Atul Agarwal (Executive
Director)
Pawan Kumar Bajaj
(Executive Director)
Shri Animesh Chauhan (CEO
& MD)
Usha Ananthasubramanian
(MD & CEO)
S.Jatinder Bir Singh, I.A.S
(C.M.D.), M.K.Jain (E.D.)
Shri Arun Shrivastava
(Managing Director and CEO)
Shri T K Srivastava
Shri Ravi Shanker Pandey
Good people to grow

with
Where every individual
is committed
The Name you can Bank
Upon
Where series is a way of
life
15
Syndicate
Bank
Manipal
Udupi, 1925 (as Canara

Industrial and Banking
Syndicate Limited)
Your Faithful And

Friendly Financial
Partner
16
Union Bank of
India
Mumbai
11 November 1919
Good people to bank

with
17
United Bank of
India
Kolkata
1950
The Bank that begins

with U
18
UCO Bank
Kolkata
19
Vijaya Bank
Bangalore
6 January 1943
1931 at Mangaluru,
India.
20
IDBI Bank Ltd
Mumbai
July 1964
New Delhi
19 November 2013
Bharatiya
Mahila Bank
Post Bank of
22 India
(proposed)
State Bank Group
21
Honors Your Trust

A friend You can Bank
Upon
Banking for all; Aao
Schein Bada
Empowering women,
Empowering India
The Nation banks on us;

Pure Banking Nothing
Else; With you all the
way
State Bank of
India
Mumbai
1 July 1955
State Bank of
Bikaner &
Jaipur
Rajasthan
Jaipur, 1963
State Bank of
Patiala
Punjab
1917
Blending Modernity with

Tradition
State Bank of
Hyderabad
Hyderabad
8 August 1941
You can always bank on

us
State Bank of
Mysore
Bangalore
2 October 1913; The

Bank of Mysore Ltd.
Working for a better

tomorrow
State Bank of
Travancore
Thiruvanantha
puram
12 September 1945 (as

Travancore Bank Ltd)
A Long Tradition of Trust
Arun Tiwari (Chairman & MD)

Shri P Srinivas (MS & CEO)
Shri Sanjay Arya Executive
Director
Arun kaul (CMD)
Shri.Kishore Kumar Sansi, MD
& CEO
Mr. Kishore Piraji Kharat (MD
& CEO)
Usha Ananthasubramanyan
(CMD)
Arundhati Bhattacharya
(Chairman)
(Chairman), Jyoti Ghosh
(Managing Director)
Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya
(Chairman), Shri. S. A. Ramesh
Rangan (Managing Director)
(Chairman), Santanu
Mukherjee (Managing
Director)
Chairman- Arundhati
Bhattacharya, Managing
Director-Sharad Sharma
Arundhati Bhattacharya,
Shri.Jeevandas Narayan
(Managing Director)
Page
13
Foreign Banks - These banks are registered and have their headquarters in a foreign country but operate their branches in our
country. Examples of foreign banks in India are: HSBC, Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, etc.
S.
Bank Name
Headquarters
Tagline/Slogan
1
AB Bank Ltd
Mumbai
2
ABN-AMRO Bank N.V
Amsterdam
Making more possible
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Ltd

American Express Banking Corp
Antwerp Diamond Bank NV
BNP Paribas
Bank of America N.T. & S.A
Bank of Bahrain & Kuwait B.S.C
Bank of Ceylon
Bank of Nova Scotia
Barclays Bank PLC
Calyon Bank
Chinatrust Commercial Bank
Citibank N.A
Deutsche Bank (Asia)
DBS Bank Ltd
HSBC Ltd
JPMorgan Chase Bank
JSC VTB Bank
Krung Thai Bank Public Co. Ltd
Mashreq Bank PSC
Mizuho Corporate Bank Ltd
Oman International Bank S.A.O.G
Shinhan Bank
Societe Generale
Sonali Bank
Abu Dhabi
New York
Antwerp
Paris
Charlotte, North Carolina
Manama, Bahrain
Colombo
Toronto, Ontario
London
Paris
Taipei, Taiwan
New York
Frankfurt
Singapore
London
New York
Moscow
Bangkok
Dubai
Tokyo
Long Life Ambition
Seoul
Paris
Dhaka
The Bank of Pride

Building team spirit together
Your Trusted Partner in Innovative
Banking
27
28
29
30
Standard Chartered Bank

State Bank of Mauritius Ltd
The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd
UBS AG
London
Tokyp
Basel and Zrich
The bank for a changing world
Living, Breathing Asia
We Will Not Rest
Private Sector Banks - These are banks majority of share capital of the bank is held by private individuals. These banks are
registered as companies with limited liability. Examples of private sector banks are: ICICI Bank, Axis bank, HDFC, etc.
Bnaks Name
Headquarters (Establishment)
1. City Union Bank
Kumbakonam (1904)
2. Dhanlaxmi Bank
Thrissur, Kerala(1927)
3. Federal Bank
Aluva, Kochi, Kerala (1945)
4. ING Vysya Bank- (2002) (merged with Kotak Mumbai (1985- as Kotak Mahindra Finance Ltd)
Mahindra Bank in April 2015)
5. Jammu and Kashmir Bank
Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir (1938)
6. Karnataka Bank
Mangaluru, Karnataka (1924)
7. Karur Vysya Bank
Karur (1916)
8. Lakshmi Vilas Bank
Karur (1926)
9. Nainital Bank
Nainital, Uttarakhand (1922)
10. Ratnakar Bank
Kolhapur in Maharashtra (1943)
11. South Indian Bank
Thrissur, Kerala (1929)
12. Tamilnad Mercantile Bank
Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu (1921)
13. Catholic Syrian Bank
Thrissur, Kerala (1920)
New private sector banks
1. Axis Bank
Mumbai, Maharashtra (1990- as UTI Bank)
2. Development Credit Bank
Mumbai, Maharashtra (1930)
3. HDFC Bank
4. ICICI Bank
5. IndusInd Bank
6. Yes Bank
7. Bandhan Bank
Kolkata, West Bengal (23 Aug. 2015) ( Chairman- Ashok Lahiri)
8. IDFC
Page
14
Regional Rural Banks

The nationalization of the banks in 1969 boosted the confidence of the public in the Banking system of the country. However, in the early
1970s, there was a feeling that even after nationalization, there were cultural issues which made it difficult for commercial banks, even
under government ownership, to lend to farmers. This issue was taken up by the government and it set up Narasimham Working Group in
1975. On the basis of this committees recommendations, a Regional Rural Banks Ordinance was promulgated in September 1975, which
was replaced by the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976.
Genesis of Regional Rural Banks Regional Rural Banks came into existence on Gandhi Jayanti in 1975 with the formation of a Prathama
Grameen Bank. The rural banks had the legislative backing of the Regional Rural Banks Act 1976. This act allowed the government to set
up banks from time to time wherever it considered necessary. The RRBs were owned by three entities with their respective shares as
follows:
Central Government 50%
State government 15%
Sponsor bank 35%
Regional Rural Banks were conceived as low cost institutions having a rural ethos, local feel and pro poor focus. Every bank was to be
sponsored by a Public Sector Bank, however, they were planned as the self sustaining credit institution which were able to refinance
their internal resources in themselves and were excepted from the statutory pre-emptions.
Problems with Regional Rural Banks

But the original assumptions were belied as within a very short time, most banks were making losses. The RRB concept was based upon the
policy that they would lend only to the weaker sections of rural society, charging lower interest rates, opening branches in remote and
rural areas and keep a low cost profile. But the commercial motivation was absent.
Initially the banks expanded and by the end of year 1985 RRBS had opened 12606 branches. During this period their credit deposit
Ratio (C.D.R) expanded very fast. In 1976 it was 165% and gradually declined to 104 % in December 1986. The Credit Deposit Ratio
continuously declined thereafter.
Later, the questions started being raised about the viability of these banks. The Khusrau Committee of 1989, noted that the weaknesses
of RRBs are endemic to the system and non-viability is built into it, and the only option was to merge the RRBs with the sponsor banks. The
objective of serving the weaker sections effectively could be achieved only by self-sustaining credit institutions. RRBs were finding
themselves unable to sustain because of the mounting losses due to imprudent commercial policy. Thus, Khusrau Committee (aka Agricultural
Credit Review Committee) said that the RRBs have no justifiable cause for continuance and recommended their mergers with sponsor banks.
But by that time, the branch network had expanded so large that it would be political unwise for the government to merge the RRBs with
sponsor Banks.
Recommendations of Narsimham Committee on RRBs

The Narsimham Committee in 1990s also reiterated that the RRBs should be merged with the sponsor banks. By 1993, 172 of the 196
RRBs were recorded unprofitable. The paid up capital which was ` 25 Lakh at that time was not able to absorb the loan losses of most of
the RRBs. The loan recovery was around 40%. The First Narasimham Committee recommended that the RRBs should also be permitted to
engage in all types of banking business and should not be forced to restrict their operations to the target groups. The Narasimham
committee also recommended that there should be mergers of the RRBs with their sponsor bank, BUT the sponsor banks might decide
whether to retain the identities of sponsored RRBs or to merge them with rural subsidiaries of commercial banks to be set up on the
recommendation of the committee. The first recommendation of letting the RRBs do all businesses was accepted by the government.
Some measures were taken by the Reserve Bank of India also. It allowed the RRBs to relocate their branches if they were making losses
at one location for more than 3 years. They were also allowed to finance the non-target groups to the extent not exceeding 40 percent
of their incremental lending. This limit was subsequently enhanced to 60 percent in 1994. As a result, the RRBs diversified into a range of
non- priority sector (NPS) advances, including jewel and deposit-linked loans, consumer loans and home loans
Some efforts were done by NABARD with funding support of the Swiss Development Corporation (SDC). It took a number of HR and
Organizational Development in these banks.
Turnaround of RRBs
The above discussion makes it clear that most RRB were making loss and had deviated from the original idea that had created them. But
there were some profit making RRBs also. Some reforms led the rise in the number of the profit making RRBs but most of them were having
a low credit deposit ratio. This was coupled with the decreasing percentage of loans to small and marginal farmers out of the total loans
disbursed by the RRBs. The RRBs NPA level was high. In the early 2000s there was no prescribed CRAR (capital to risk weighted asset
ratio) for the RRBs. In 2005, based upon the recommendation of an internal working group the RRBs were asked to maintain a capital to
risk weighted asset ratio at 5% and over the period of time they were expected to align themselves to Basel I standards. However, the
major reform was to merge the RRBs with the sponsor banks.
Number of Regional Rural Banks in India

Year
Dec-75
Dec-80
Dec-85
Mar-90
Mar-06
Mar-11
Mar-13
Mar-14
2015
Banks
6
85
188
196
133
82
64
57
56
There were 196 RRBs sponsored by 27 SCBs and one State Cooperative Bank were operating in the country with a network of 14,484
branches spread over 523 districts as on March 31, 2005. The government started the process of consolidation and amalgamation in
2005, bringing the number down to 82 in 2010. As of March-end, 2011, the total number of RRBs stood at 82. This number fell to 64 in
March 2013.
As of March 2014, the number of RRBs has been reduced to 57. After the 2014 elections, the new NDA government has put hold on
further amalgamation of the Regional Rural Banks. The focus of the new government is to improve their performance and exploring new
avenues of investments in the same. Currently, there is a bill pending to amend the RRB Act which aims at increasing the pool of investors
to tap capital for RRBs.
Page
15
Regulation of RRBs
Regional Rural Banks are regulated by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). Please note that currently seven
states viz. Tripura, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh Meghalaya and Puducherry, have state-level RRBs. Gujarat and
Karnataka too have demanded formation of state level RRB. In case of West Bengal, the state Assembly took unanimous resolution in
favour of State level RRB in the year 2004.
Amalgamation
Currently, RRB's are going through a process of amalgamation and consolidation. 25 RRBs have been amalgamated in January 2013 into
10 RRBs. This counts 67 RRBs till 1st week of June 2013. On 31 March 2006, there were 133 RRBs (post-merger) covering 525 districts
with a network of 14,494 branches. All RRBs were originally conceived as low cost institutions having a rural ethos, local feel and pro
poor focus. However, within a very short time, most banks were making losses. The original assumptions as to the low cost nature of these
institutions were belied. This may be again amalgamated in near future. At present there are 56 RRBs in India.
Legal Existence and Protection

RRB's are recognized by the law and they have legal significance.The Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 Act No. 21 of 1976 [9 February
1976.]
"For the incorporation, regulation and winding up of Regional Rural Banks with a view to developing the rural economy by providing, for
the purpose of development of agriculture, trade, commerce, industry and other productive activities in the rural areas, credit and other
facilities, particularly to the small and marginal farmers, agricultural laborers, artisans and small entrepreneurs, and for matters connected
therewith and incidental thereto".
List of RRBs
Andhra Pradesh
1. Andhra Pradesh Grameena Vikas Bank,
2. Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank,
3. Chaitanya Godavari Grameena Bank,
4. Telangana Grameena Bank,
5. Saptagiri Grameena Bank,
Arunachal Pradesh
8. Arunachal Pradesh Rural Bank,
Assam
Chattisgarh
12. Chattisgarh Rajya Gramin Bank,
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
17. Himachal Pradesh Gramin Bank,
Jammu & Kashmir
20. Jammu And Kashmir Grameen Bank,
21. Ellaquai Dehati Bank,
Kerala
25. Kerala Gramin Bank,
16. Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank,

Jharkhand
18. Jharkhand Gramin Bank,
19. Vananchal Gramin Bank,
Karnataka
22. Kaveri Grameena Bank,
23. Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank,
24. Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank,
Maharashtra
26. Maharashtra Gramin Bank,
27. Vidharbha Konkan Gramin Bank,
Manipur
31. Manipur Rural Bank,

Mizoram
33. Mizoram Rural Bank,

Orissa
35. Odisha Gramya Bank,

36. Utkal Grameen Bank,
Puducherry
40. Puduvai Bharathiar Grama Bank,
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16
Uttar Pradesh
46. Allahabad UP Gramin Bank,
47. Baroda UP Gramin Bank,
48. Gramin Bank Of Aryavrat,
49. Kashi Gomti Samyut Gramin Bank,
50. Prathama Bank,
51. Purvanchal Bank,
52. Sarva UP Gramin Bank,
6.
7.
Assam Gramin Vikash Bank,

Langpi Dehangi Rural Bank,
Bihar
9. Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank,

10. Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank,
11. Bihar Gramin Bank,
13. Dena Gujarat Gramin Bank,
14. Baroda Gujarat Gramin Bank,
15. Saurashtra Gramin Bank,
Madhya Pradesh
28. Narmada Jhabua Gramin Bank,
29. Central Madhya Pradesh Gramin Bank,
30. Madhyanchal Gramin Bank,
Meghalaya
32. Meghalaya Rural Bank,
Nagaland
34. Nagaland Rural Bank,
Punjab
37. Punjab Gramin Bank,
38. Malwa Gramin Bank,
39. Sutlej Gramin Bank,
Rajasthan
41. Baroda Rajasthan Ksethriya Gramin Bank,
42. Marudhara Rajasthan Gramin Bank,
43. Pandyan Grama Bank,
44. Pallavan Grama Bank,
45. Tripura Gramin Bank,
Uttarakhand
53. Uttarakhand Gramin Bank
West Bengal
54. Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank,
55. Paschim Banga Gramin Bank,
56. Uttarbanga Kshetriya Gramin Bank,
COOPERATIVE BANKS
A co-operative bank is a financial entity which belongs to its members, who are at the same time the owners and the customers of their
bank. Co-operative banks are often created by persons belonging to the same local or professional community or sharing a common
interest. Co-operative banks generally provide their members with a wide range of banking and financial services (loans, deposits,
banking accounts, etc). They provide limited banking products and are specialists in agriculture related products. Cooperative banks are
the primary financiers of agricultural activities, some small-scale industries and self-employed workers. Co-operative banks function on
the basis of "no-profit no-loss". Anyonya Co-operative Bank Limited (ACBL) is the first cooperative bank in India located in the city of
Vadodara in Gujarat.
The Co-operative Credit system consists of:
a. Short-term agricultural credit institutions
b. Long-term agricultural credit institutions
c. Non-agricultural credit institutions
The short-term agricultural credit institutions are in three categories:
i. Primary Agricultural Credit Societies at the Village level Guidelines
ii. Central Co-operative Banks at the District level iii. State Co-operative Banks at the State level
The Long-term agricultural credit institutions are as under:
1. Primary Land Development Banks [at the base]
2. Central Land Development Banks [at the apex]
Thus, the apex of the co-operative organization in a state is the State Bank to which Central Banks are affiliated. The Primary societies
are mostly affiliated to the Central Banks. Some of them are grouped into local unions for the purposes of supervision. All of them are
forbidden to lend to non-members except with the sanction of the Registrar of Co-operative societies.
List of State Cooperative Banks:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Andaman and Nicobar State Co-operative Bank

Andhra Pradesh State Co-operative Bank
Arunachal Pradesh State Co-operative Apex Bank
Assam Co-operative Apex Bank
Bihar State Co-operative Bank
Chandigarh State Co-operative Bank
Chhattisgarh Rajya Sahakari Bank Maryadit
Delhi State Co-operative Bank
Goa State Co-operative Bank
Gujarat State Co-operative Bank
Haryana State Co-opertive Apex Bank
Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank
Jammu and Kashmir State Co-operative Bank
Jharkhand State Co-operative Bank
Karnataka State Co-operative Apex Bank
Kerala State Co-operative Bank
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Madhya Pradesh Rajya Sahakari Bank Maryadit

Maharashtra State Co-operative Bank
Manipur State Co-operative Bank
Meghalaya Co-operative Apex Bank
Mizoram Co-operative Apex Bank
Nagaland State Co-operative Bank
Orissa State Co-operative Bank
Pondichery State Co-operative Bank
Punjab State Co-operative Bank
Rajasthan State Co-operative Bank
Sikkim State Co-operative Bank
Tamil Nadu State Apex Co-operative Bank
Tripura State Co-operative Bank
Uttar Pradesh Co-operative Bank
Uttarakhand State Co-operative Bank
West Bengal State Co-operative Bank
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
Kallappanna Awade Ichalkaranji Janata

Sahakari Bank Kalyan Janata Sahakari Bank
Karad Urban Co-operative Bank
Mahanagar Co-operative Bank
Mapusa Urban Co-operative Bank of Goa
Nagar Urban Co-operative Bank
Nasik Merchant's Co-operative Bank
New India Co-operative Bank
NKGSB Co-operative Bank
Pravara Sahakari Bank
Punjab & Maharashtra Co-operative Bank
Rupee Co-operative Bank
Sangli Urban Co-operative Bank
Saraswat Co-operative Bank
Shamrao Vithal Co-operative Bank
Solapur Janata Sahakari Bank
Thane Bharat Sahakari Bank
The Kapole Co-operative Bank
TJSB Sahakari Bank
Zoroastrian Co-operative Bank
Nagpur Nagrik Sahakari Bank
Shikshak Sahakari Bank
Akola Janata Commercial Co-operative Bank
Akola Urban Co-operative Bank
Khamgaon Urban Co-operative Bank
MACO BANK
List of Scheduled Urban Cooperative Banks in India:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
The Varachha co-operative Bank

Ahmedabad Mercantile Co-Op Bank
Kalupur Commercial Coop. Bank
Mehsana Urban Co-Op Bank
Nutan Nagarik Sahakari Bank
Rajkot Nagrik Sahakari Bank
Sardar Bhiladwala Pardi Peoples Coop Bank
Surat Peoples Coop Bank
Rajdhani Nagar Sahkari Bank
Andhra Pradesh Mahesh Co-Op Urban Bank
Indian Mercantile Co-operative Bank
Abhyudaya Co-operative Bank
Bassein Catholic Co-operative Bank
Bharat Co-operative Bank (Mumbai)
Bharati Sahakari Bank
Bombay Mercantile Co-operative Bank
Citizen Credit Co-operative Bank
Cosmos Co-operative Urban Bank
Dombivli Nagari Sahakari Bank
Goa Urban Co-operative Bank
Gopinath Patil Parsik Janata Sahakari Bank
Greater Bombay Co-operative Bank
Jalgaon Janata Sahakari Bank
Janakalyan Sahakari Bank
Janalaxmi Co-operative Bank
Janata Sahakari Bank
52.
Cooperative Banks in India have become an integral part of the success of Indian Financial Inclusion story. They have achieved many
landmarks since their creation and have helped a normal rural Indian to feel empowered and secure. The story has not been smooth and
has its share of procedural glitches and woes placed at various pockets.
History of Cooperative Banking in India

The historical roots of the Cooperative Movement in the world days back to days of misery and distress in Europe faced by common
people who had little or no access to credit to fund their basic needs, in uncertain times. The idea spread when the continent was faced
with economic turmoil which led large populations to live at subsistence level without any economic security. People were forced to poverty
and deprivation. It was the idea of Hermann Schulze (1808-83) and Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen (1818-88) which took shape as
cooperative banks of today across the world. They started to promote the idea of easy availability of credit to small businesses and for
the poor segment of society. It was similar to the many microfinance institutions which have become highly popular in developing economies
of today. Although this helped spread cooperative movement in many parts of Europe, in British Isles it is came from the revivalist Christian
movement and found high acceptance with working class and lower middle class segments of society. However, UK and Irish credit unions
in 20th century were inspired by US credit unions which in-turn owe their emergence to Canadian adaptations of the German cooperative
banking concept. These movements were supported by governments of the respective countries. This success was achieved due to the
failure of the commercial banks to fund and support the needs of small business owners and ordinary people who were outside the formal
banking net. Cooperative banks helped overcome the vital market imperfections and serviced the poorer layers of society. Indian
Cooperative Banks was also born out of distress prevalent in Indian society.
The Cooperative Credit Societies Act, 1904 led to the formation of Cooperative Credit Societies in both rural and urban areas.
The act was based on recommendations of Sir Frederick Nicholson (1899) and Sir Edward Law (1901). Their ideas in turn were
based on the pattern of Raiffeisen and Schulze respectively.
The Cooperative Societies Act of 1912, further gave recognition to the formation of non-credit societies and the central
cooperative organizations.
In independent India, with the onset of planning, the cooperative organizations gained more leverage and role with the
continued governmental support.
Machlagan Committee in 1915, highlighted the deficiencies of in cooperative societies which seeped-in due to lack of proper
education to the masses. He also laid down the importance of Central Assistance by the Government to support the movement.
The Royal Commission on Agriculture 1928, enumerated the importance of education of members/staff for effective
implementation of cooperative movement.
Saraiya Committee, in 1945, further recommended the setting up of a Cooperative Training College in every state and a
Cooperative Training Institute for Advanced Study and Research at the Central level.
Central Committee for Cooperative Training in 1953, constituted by RBI for establishing Regional Training Centres.
Rural Credit Survey Committee, 1954 was the first committee formed till then to first delve into the problems of Rural credit and
other financial issues of rural society.
The cooperative movement and banking structures soon spread and resonated with the unexpressed needs of the rural Indian and small
scale businesses. Since, 1950s, they have come a long way to support and provide assistance in activities like credit, banking, production,
processing, distribution/marketing, housing, warehousing, irrigation, transport, textiles, dairy, sugar etc. to households.
Extent of Cooperative Banking

Indian cooperative structures are one of the largest such networks in the world with more than 200 million members. It has about 67%
penetration in villages and fund 46% of the total rural credit. It also stands for 36% of the total distribution of rural fertilizers and 28%
of rural fair price shops.
Structure of Cooperative Banking in India

The structure of cooperative network in India can be divided into 2 broad segments1. Urban Cooperative Banks
2. Rural Cooperatives.
1. Urban Cooperatives
Urban Cooperatives can be further divided into scheduled and non-scheduled. Both the categories are further divided into multi-state and
single-state. Majority of these banks fall in the non-scheduled and single-state category.
Banking activities of Urban Cooperative Banks are monitored by RBI.
Registration and Management activities are managed by Registrar of Cooperative Societies (RCS). These RCS operate in singlestate and Central RCS (CRCS) operate in multiple state.
2. Rural Cooperatives
The rural cooperatives are further divided into short-term and long-term structures. The short-term cooperative banks are three tiered
operating in different states. These are
State Cooperative Banks- They operate at the apex level in states
District Central Cooperative Banks-They operate at the district levels
Primary Agricultural Credit Societies-They operate at the village or grass-root level.

Likewise, the long-term structures are further divided into
State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks (SCARDS)- These operate at state-level.
Primary Cooperative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks (PCARDBS)-They operate at district/block level.
The rural banking cooperatives have a complex monitoring structure as they have a dual control which has led to many problems. A Forum
called State Level Task Force on Cooperative Urban Banks (TAFCUB) has been set-up to look into issues related to duality in control.
All banking activities are regulated by a shared arrangement between RBI and NABARD.
All management and registration activities are managed by RCS.
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Cooperative Banks-Irritants and Future Trends

A cooperative bank is an institution which is owned by its members. They are the culmination of efforts of people of same professional or
other community which have common and shared interests, problems and aspirations. They cater to a services like loans, banking, deposits
etc. like commercial banks but widely differ in their values and governance structures. They are usually democratic set-ups where the
board of members are democratically elected with each member entitled to one vote each. In India, they are supervised and controlled
by the official banking authorities and thus have to abide by the banking regulations prevalent in the country. The basic rules, regulations
and values may differ amongst nations but they have certain common features:
Customer-owned
Democratic structures
Profits are mainly pooled to form reserves while some amount is distributed to members
Involved in community development
Foster financial inclusion by bringing banking to the doorstep of the lowest segment of society
These banks are small financial institutions which are governed by regulations like Banking Regulations Act, 1949 and Banking Laws
Cooperative Societies Act, 1965. They operate both in urban and rural areas under different structural organisations. Their functions are
decided by the level at which they operate and the type of people they cater to. They greatly differ from the commercial banking
entities.
These are established under specific acts of cooperative societies operating in different states unlike mainstream commercial
banks which are mainly joint-stock companies.
They have a tiered network with a bank at each level of state, district and rural. The state-level bank forms the apex authority.
Not all sections of banking regulation act are applicable to cooperative banks
The ultimate motive is community participation, benefit and growth as against profit-maximisation for commercial banks.
Major irritants in the functioning of the Cooperative Banks
The duality in control by RCS of a state as Cooperation is a state subject. However financial regulatory control by RBI has led
to many troubles as there is ambiguity in power structure as there is no clear demarcation.
Patchy growth of cooperative societies across the map of India. It is said these have grown maximally in states of Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu whereas the other parts of India dont have a heightened presence.
The state partnership has led to excessive state control and interference. This has eroded the autonomous characters of many
of these.
Dormant membership has made them moribund as there is a lack of active members and lack of professional attitude.
Their main focus being credit so they have reduced to borrower-driven entities and majority of members are nominal and dont
enjoy voting rights.
Credit recovery is weak especially in rural areas and it has sustainability crisis in some pockets.
There is a lack of risk management systems and lack of basic standardised banking models.
There is a widening gap between the level of skills and the increasing computerisation of banks.
The government needs to have a serious look into the issues as they did not show an impressive growth in the last 100 years.
DEVELOPMENT BANKS
In the field of industrial finance, the concept of development bank is of recent origin. In a country like India, the emergence of development
banking is a post-independence phenomenon.
In the Western countries, however, development banking had a long period of evolution. The origin of development banking may be
traced to the establishment of Society General Pour Favoriser I lndustrie Nationale in Belgium in 1822. But the notable institution was
the Credit Mobiliser of France, established in 1852, which acted as industrial financier.
In 1920, Japan established the Industrial Bank of Japan to cater to the financial needs of her industrial development. In the post-war era,
the Industrial Development Bank of Canada (1944), the Finance Corporation for Industry Ltd. (FCI) and the Industrial and Commercial
Finance Corporation Ltd. (ICFC) of England (1945), etc., were established as modern development banks to provide term loans to industry.
In 1966, the U.K. Government set up the Industrial Reorganisation Corporation (IRC).
In India, the first development bank called the Industrial Finance Corporation of India was established in 1948.
Definition of Development Bank:

There is no precise definition of development bank. William Diamond and Shirley Bosky consider industrial finance and development
corporations as development banks Fundamentally a development bank is a term lending institution.
Development bank is essentially a multi-purpose financial institution with a broad development outlook. A development bank may, thus,
be defined as a financial institution concerned with providing all types of financial assistance (medium as well as long term) to business
units, in the form of loans, underwriting, investment and guarantee operations, and promotional activities economic development in
general, and industrial development, in particular.
In short, a development bank is a development- oriented bank.
Features of a Development Bank:

Following are the main characteristic features of a development bank:
1. It is a specialised financial institution.
2. It provides medium and long term finance to business units.
3. Unlike commercial banks, it does not accept deposits from the public.
4. It is not just a term-lending institution. It is a multi-purpose financial institution.
5. It is essentially a development-oriented bank. Its primary object is to promote economic development by promoting investment and
entrepreneurial activity in a developing economy. It encourages new and small entrepreneurs and seeks balanced regional growth.
6. It provides financial assistance not only to the private sector but also to the public sector undertakings.
7. It aims at promoting the saving and investment habit in the community.
8. It does not compete with the normal channels of finance, i.e., finance already made available by the banks and other conventional
financial institutions. Its major role is of a gap-filler, i. e., to fill up the deficiencies of the existing financial facilities.
9. Its motive is to serve public interest rather than to make profits. It works in the general interest of the nation.
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EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF INDIA (EXIM BANK)

Export-Import Bank of India is the premier export finance institution of the country, established in 1982 under the Export-Import Bank of
India Act 1981.
Shri Yaduvendra Mathur- Chairman and Managing Director
Organization Exim Bank is managed by a Board of Directors, which has representatives from the Government, Reserve Bank of India, Export Credit
Guarantee Corporation of India, a financial institution, public sector banks, and the business community.
Functions of EXIM BANK
The Bank's functions are segmented into several operating groups including:
Corporate Banking Group which handles a variety of financing programmes for Export Oriented Units (EOUs), Importers, and
overseas investment by Indian companies.
Project Finance / Trade Finance Group handles the entire range of export credit services such as supplier's credit, preshipment Agri
Business Group, to spearhead the initiative to promote and support Agri exports. The Group handles projects and export transactions
in the agricultural sector for financing.
Small and Medium Enterprise: The group handles credit proposals from SMEs under various lending programmes of the Bank.
Export Services Group offers variety of advisory and value-added information services aimed at investment promotion. Export
Marketing Services Bank offers assistance to Indian companies, to enable them establish their products in overseas markets. The idea
behind this service is to promote Indian export. Export Marketing Services covers wide range of exports oriented companies and
organizations. EMS group also covers Project exports and Export of Services.
Besides these, the Support Services groups, which include: Research & Planning, Corporate Finance, Loan Recovery, Internal Audit,
Management Information Services, Information Technology, Legal, Human Resources Management and Corporate Affairs.
THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA (IDBI)

Mr. Kishor Kharat (Managing Director & CEO)
Mr. B. K. Batra (Deputy Managing Director)
(IDBI) was established on 1 July 1964 under an Act of Parliament as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India. In 16
February 1976, the ownership of IDBI was transferred to the Government of India and it was made the principal financial institution for
coordinating the activities of institutions engaged in financing, promoting and developing industry in the country.
Although Government shareholding in the Bank came down below 100% following IDBIs public issue in July 1995, the former continues
to be the major shareholder. IDBI provides financial assistance, both in rupee and foreign currencies, for green-field projects as also for
expansion, modernisation and diversification purposes. In the wake of financial sector reforms unveiled by the government since 1992,
IDBI also provides indirect financial assistance by way of refinancing of loans extended by State-level financial institutions and banks and
by way of rediscounting of bills of exchange arising out of sale of indigenous machinery on deferred payment terms.
IDBI has played a pioneering role, particularly in the perform era (196491), in catalysing broad based industrial development in the
country in keeping with its Government-ordained development banking charter.
Narasimam committee recommends that IDBI should give up its direct financing functions and concentrate only in promotional and
refinancing role. But this recommendation was rejected by the government. Later RBI constituted a committee under the chairmanship of
S.H. Khan to examine the concept of development financing in the changed global challenges. This committee is the first to recommend the
concept of universal banking. The committee wanted the development financial institution to diversify its activity. It recommended
harmonising the role of development financing and banking activities by getting away from the conventional distinction between
commercial banking and developmental banking.
In September 2003, IDBI diversified its business domain further by acquiring the entire shareholding of Tata Finance Limited in Tata Home
finance Ltd., signalling IDBIs foray into the retail finance sector. The fully owned housing finance subsidiary has since been renamed IDBI
Home finance Limited. In view of the signal changes in the operating environment, following initiation of reforms since the early 1990s,
Government of India has decided to transform IDBI into a commercial bank without eschewing its secular development finance obligations.
The migration to the new business model of commercial banking, with its gateway to low-cost current, savings bank deposits, would help
overcome most of the limitations of the current business model of development finance while simultaneously enabling it to diversify its
client/ asset base. Towards this end, the IDB (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act 2003 was passed by Parliament in December
2003. The Act provides for repeal of IDBI Act, corporatisation of IDBI (with majority Government holding; current share: 58.47%) and
transformation into a commercial bank.
The provisions of the Act have come into force from 2 July 2004 in terms of a Government Notification to this effect. The Notification
facilitated formation, incorporation and registration of Industrial Development Bank of India Ltd. as a company under the Companies Act,
1956 and a deemed Banking Company under the Banking Regulation Act 1949 and helped in obtaining requisite regulatory and statutory
clearances, including those from RBI.
IDBI would commence banking business in accordance with the provisions of the new Act in addition to the business being transacted under
IDBI Act, 1964 from 1 October 2004, the Appointed Date notified by the Central Government. IDBI Bank, with which the parent IDBI
was merged, was a new generation Bank. The Pvt Bank was the fastest growing banking company in India. The bank was pioneer in
adapting to policy of first mover in tier 2 cities. The Bank has one of the highest productivity per employee in Indian banking industry.
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NATIONAL BANK FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (NABARD)

Chairman- Dr. Harsh Kumar Bhanwala
NABARD is an apex development bank in India having headquarters based in Mumbai (Maharashtra) and other branches are all over
the country. It was established on 12 July 1982 on the recommendations of Shiva Raman Committee, by an act of Parliament on 12 July
1982 to implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department
(ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation
(ARDC). Its main focus was to uplift rural India by increasing the credit flow for elevation of agriculture & rural non-farm sector. NABARD
will complete its 31 years on 12 July 2012. It has been accredited with "matters concerning policy, planning and operations in the field
of credit for agriculture and other economic activities in rural areas in India". RBI sold its stake in NABARD to the Government of India,
which now holds 99% stake.
Role of NABARDNABARD is the apex institution in the country which looks after the development of the cottage industry, small industry and village industry,
and other rural industries. NABARD also reaches out to allied economies and supports and promotes integrated development. And to help
NABARD discharge its duty, it has been given certain roles as follows:
1. Serves as an apex financing agency for the institutions providing investment and production credit for promoting the various
developmental activities in rural areas.
2. Takes measures towards institution building for improving absorptive capacity of the credit delivery system, including monitoring,
formulation of rehabilitation schemes, restructuring of credit institutions, training of personnel, etc.
3. Co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all institutions engaged in developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with
Government of India, State Governments, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and other national level institutions concerned with policy formulation.
4. Undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it.
5. NABARD refinances the financial institutions which finances the rural sector.
6. NABARD helps to develop the institutions which help the rural economy.
7. NABARD also keeps a check on its client institutes.

8. It regulates the institution which provides financial help to the rural economy.
9. It provides training facilities to the institutions working the field of rural upliftment.
10. It regulates the cooperative banks and the RRBs.
SMALL INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA (SIDBI)

CEO: Dr. Kshatrapati Shivaji
Dr. Kshatrapati Shivaji- Chairman & Managing Director
Shri Amarendra Sinha- Government Director
Shri Alok Tandon- Government Director
SIDBI is an independent financial institution aimed to aid the growth and development of micro, small and medium-scale enterprises in
India. Set up on April 2, 1990 through an act of parliament, it was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrial
Development Bank of India. Current shareholding is widely spread among various state-owned banks, insurance companies and financial
institutions. Beginning as a refinancing agency to banks and state level financial institutions for their credit to small industries, it has
expanded its activities, including direct credit to the SME through 100 branches in all major industrial clusters in India.
Besides, it has been playing the development role in several ways such as support to micro-finance institutions for capacity building and
on lending. Recently it has opened seven branches christened as Micro Finance branches, aimed especially at dispensing loans up to Rs.
5.00 lakh. It is an apex body and nodal agency for formulating, coordination and monitoring the policies and programme for promotion
and development of small scale industries.
SIDBI has also floated several other entities for related activities. Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises provides
guarantees to banks for collateral-free loans extended to SME. SIDBI Venture Capital Ltd. is a venture capital company focused at SME.
SME Rating Agency of India Ltd. (SMERA) provides composite ratings to SME.
NATIONAL HOUSING BANK (NHB)

Shri Sriram Kalyanaraman- Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer
The National Housing Bank (NHB) is a state owned bank and regulation authority in India, created on July 8, 1988 under section 6 of the
National Housing Bank Act (1987). The Headquarter of NHB is in New Delhi. The institution, owned by the Reserve Bank of India, was
established to promote private real estate acquisition. The NHB is regulating and re-financing social housing programs and other activities
like research and IT-initiatives, too.
NON-BANK FINANCIAL COMPANIES (NBFCS)

NBFCs are financial institutions that provide banking services without meeting the legal definition of a bank, i.e. one that does not hold a
banking license. These institutions are not allowed to take deposits from the public. Nonetheless, all operations of these institutions are still
exercised under bank regulation.
In India a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 engaged in the business of
loans and advances, acquisition of shares, stock, bond sire-purchase, insurance business, or chit business: but does not include any institution
whose principal business is that includes agriculture or industrial activity; or the sale, purchase or construction of immovable property.
Difference between NBFCs & Banks

NBFCs perform functions similar to that of banks; however there are a few differences in that an NBFC cannot accept demand deposits;
an NBFC is not a part of the payment and settlement system and as such, Nonbanking Finance Companies (NBFCs) Comment an NBFC
cannot issue cheques drawn on itself; and deposit insurance facility of the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not
available for NBFC depositors, unlike banks.
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS (MFIS)

Microfinance institutions, also known as MFIs offer financial services to underprivileged and impoverished communities. Microfinance is the
provision of financial services to low-income clients or solidarity lending groups including consumers and the self-employed, who
traditionally lack access to banking and related services.
More broadly, it is a movement whose object is "a world in which as many poor and near-poor households as possible have permanent
access to an appropriate range of high quality financial services, including not just credit but also savings, insurance, and fund transfers."
Those who promote microfinance generally believe that such access will help poor people out of poverty. Microfinance is a broad
category of services, which includes microcredit. Microcredit is provision of credit services to poor clients. Although microcredit is one of
the aspects of microfinance, conflation of the two terms is endemic in public discourse. Critics often attack microcredit while referring to it
indiscriminately as either 'microcredit' or 'microfinance'. Due to the broad range of microfinance services, it is difficult to assess impact,
and very few studies have tried to assess its full impact.
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SELF-HELP GROUPS OR MICRO CREDIT

Self-Help Groups or Micro Credit are defined as a group of individual members who voluntarily come together for a common collective
purpose basically for savings and borrowings. In practice these groups are comprised of individual members known to each other coming
from the same village, community and even neighbourhood (homogenous group) and have certain pre-group social binding factors. Micro
credit programme, enabling the poor people to be thrifty and in accessing loans and other financial services, was launched in 1992 with
a SHG- BANK linkage arrangement. The poor are encouraged to voluntarily come together to save small amounts regularly and extent
small loans among themselves. On attaining maturity to handle their own resources, they are in a position to negotiate with banks for
credit facilities.
About the term NBFC:

A Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) is a company registered under the Companies Act, 1956 engaged in the business of loans and
advances, acquisition of shares/stocks/bonds/debentures/securities issued by Government or local authority or other marketable
securities of a like nature, leasing, hire-purchase, insurance business, chit fund business.
Difference between BANK & NBFC:
NBFCs lend and make investments and hence their activities are akin to that of banks; however there are a few differences as given
below:
i. NBFC cannot accept demand deposits;
ii. NBFCs do not form part of the payment and settlement system and cannot issue cheques drawn on itself;
iii. deposit insurance facility of Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation is not available to depositors of NBFCs, unlike in
case of banks.
Different types/categories of NBFCs registered with RBI:
NBFCs are categorized
a) In terms of the type of liabilities into Deposit and Non-Deposit accepting NBFCs,
b) Non deposit taking NBFCs by their size into systemically important and other non-deposit holding companies (NBFC-NDSI and NBFCND) and
c) By the kind of activity they conduct.
Within this broad categorization the different types of NBFCs are as follows:
i. Asset Finance Company(AFC) : An AFC is a company which is a financial institution carrying on as its principal business the financing
of physical assets supporting productive/economic activity, such as automobiles, tractors, lathe machines, generator sets, earth moving and
material handling equipments, moving on own power and general purpose industrial machines.
ii. Investment Company (IC) : IC means any company which is a financial institution carrying on as its principal business the acquisition of
securities.
iii. Loan Company (LC): LC means any company which is a financial institution carrying on as its principal business the providing of finance
whether by making loans or advances or otherwise for any activity other than its own but does not include an Asset Finance Company.
iv. Infrastructure Finance Company (IFC): IFC is a non-banking finance company
a) Which deploys at least 75 per cent of its total assets in infrastructure loans,
b) Has a minimum Net Owned Funds of Rs. 300 crore,
c) Has a minimum credit rating of A or equivalent d) and a CRAR of 15%.
v. Infrastructure Debt Fund: Non- Banking Financial Company (IDF-NBFC) : IDF-NBFC is a company registered as NBFC to facilitate the
flow of long term debt into infrastructure projects. IDF-NBFC raise resources through issue of Rupee or Dollar denominated bonds of
minimum 5 year maturity. Only Infrastructure Finance Companies (IFC) can sponsor IDF-NBFCs.
vi. Non-Banking Financial Company - Micro Finance Institution (NBFC-MFI): NBFC-MFI is a non-deposit taking NBFC having not less
than 85%of its assets in the nature of qualifying assets which satisfy the following criteria:
a. loan disbursed by an NBFC-MFI to a borrower with a rural household annual income not exceeding Rs. 60,000 or urban and semiurban household income not exceeding Rs. 1,20,000.
b. tenure of the loan not to be less than 24 months for loan amount in excess of Rs. 15,000 with prepayment without penalty;
vii. Non-Banking Financial Company Factors (NBFC-Factors): NBFC-Factor is a non-deposit taking NBFC engaged in the principal
business of factoring. The financial assets in the factoring business should constitute at least 75 percent of its total assets and its income
derived from factoring business should not be less than 75 percent of its gross income.
Register with RBI:
A company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 and desirous of commencing business of non-banking financial institution as
defined under Section 45 I(a) of the RBI Act, 1934 should comply with the following:
i. it should be a company registered under Section 3 of the companies Act, 1954
ii. It should have a minimum net owned fund of Rs 200 lakh.
Deposits in NBFC:
a) Presently, the maximum rate of interest an NBFC can offer is 12.5%. The interest may be paid or compounded at rests not shorter than
monthly rests.
b) The NBFCs are allowed to accept/renew public deposits for a minimum period of 12 months and maximum period of 60 months. They
cannot accept deposits repayable on demand.
c) The deposits with NBFCs are not insured.
d) The repayment of deposits by NBFCs is not guaranteed by RBI.
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Brief about RNBC

a) Residuary Non-Banking Company is a class of NBFC which is a company and has as its principal business the receiving of deposits,
under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner and not being Investment, Asset Financing, Loan Company.
b) These companies are required to maintain investments as per directions of RBI, in addition to liquid assets.
c) The amount payable by way of interest, premium, bonus or other advantage, by whatever name called by a RNBC in respect of
deposits received shall not be less than the amount calculated at the rate of 5% (to be compounded annually) on the amount deposited
in lump sum or at monthly or longer intervals; and at the rate of 3.5% (to be compounded annually) on the amount deposited under daily
deposit scheme.
d) Further, a RNBC can accept deposits for a minimum period of 12 months and maximum period of 84 months from the date of receipt
of such deposit. They cannot accept deposits repayable on demand.
Some other regulators:
Category of Companies
Chit Funds
Insurance companies
Regulator
Respective State Governments
IRDA
Housing Finance Companies

Venture Capital Fund /
Merchant Banking companies
Stock broking companies
Nidhi Companies
NHB
SEBI
SEBI
SEBI
Ministry of corporate affairs, Government of India
Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA)

Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (or MUDRA Bank) is a public sector financial institution in India. It provides loans at
low rates to microfinance institutions and non-banking financial institutions which then provide credit to MSME's. It was launched by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi on 8 April 2015.
Overview
The formation of the agency was initially announced in the 2015 Union budget of India in February 2015. It was formally launched on 8
April.
The MUDRA banks will be set up under the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana scheme. It will provide its services to small entrepreneurs
outside the service area of regular banks, by using last mile agents. About 5.77 crore (57.7 million) small business have been identified
as target clients using the NSSO survey of 2013. Only 4% of these businesses get finance from regular banks. The bank will also ensure
that its clients do not fall into indebtness and will lend responsibly.
The bank will have a initial corpus of 20,000 crore (about US$3,213.86 million) and a credit guarantee fund of 3,000 crore.[4] The
bank will initially function as a non-banking financial company and a subsidiary of the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).
Later, it will be made into a separate company. It will also serve as a regulator for other micro-finance institutions (MFIs) and provide
them refinancing services. It will provide guidelines for MFIs and give them ratings.
The bank will classify its clients into three categories and the maximum allowed loan sums will be based on the category:
Shishu (): Allowed loans up to 50,000.
Kishore (): Allowed loans up to 5,00,000
Tarun (): Allowed loans up to 10,00,000

Recently Govt. Has decided to provide an additional fund of 100000 crore to the market and will be allocated as
40% to shishu
35% to kishor
25% to tarun
Eligible to borrow from MUDRA bank
Small manufacturing unit
Shopkeepers
Fruits / Vegetable vendors
Artisans
Payment Banks: A Step Closer Towards Financial Inclusion

A payments bank is a type of non-full service niche bank in India. A bank licensed as a payments bank can only receive deposits and
provide remittances. It cannot carry out lending activities. This type of bank was created to help India reach its financial inclusion targets.
This type of bank is targeted at migrant labourers, low income households, small businesses, and other unorganised sector entities.
Regulations
The minimum capital requirement is 100 crore. For the first five years, the stake of the promoter should be 40% minimum. Foreign share
holding will be allowed in these banks as per the rules for FDI in private banks in India. The voting rights will be regulated by the Banking
Regulation Act, 1949. The voting right of any shareholder is capped at 10%, which can be raised to 26% by Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Any acquisition of over than 5% will require approval of the RBI. The majority of the bank's board of director should consist of independent
directors, appointed according to RBI guidelines.
The bank should be fully networked from the beginning. The bank can accept utility bills. It cannot form subsidiaries to undertake nonbanking activities. Initially, the deposits will be capped at 1,00,000 per customer, but it may be raised by the RBI based on the
performance of the bank. The bank cannot undertake lending activities. 25% of its branches must be in the unbanked rural area. The bank
must use the term "payments bank" in its to differentiate it from other types of bank. The banks will be licensed as payments banks under
Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and will be registered as public limited company under the Companies Act, 2013.
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History
On 23 September 2013, Committee on Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households, headed by
Nachiket Mor, was formed by the RBI. On 7 January 2014, the Nachiket Mor committee submitted its final report. Among its various
recommendations, it recommended the formation of a new category of bank called payments bank.
On 17 July 2014, the RBI released the draft guidelines for payment banks, seeking comments for interested entities and the general
public. On 27 November, RBI released the final guidelines for payment banks.
On February 2015, RBI released the list of entities which had applied for a payments bank licence. There were 41 applicants It was also
announced that an external advisory committee (EAC) headed by Nachiket Mor would evaluate the licence applications. On 28 February
2015, during the presentation of the Budget it was announced that India Post will use its large network to run a payments bank. The
external advisory committee headed by Nachiket Mor submitted its findings on 6 July 2015. The applicant entities were examined for
their financial track record and governance issues.
On 19 August 2015, the Reserve Bank of India gave "in-principle" licences to eleven entities to launch payments banks:
1. Aditya Birla Nuvo
2. Airtel M Commerce Services
3. Cholamandalam Distribution Services
4. Department of Posts
5. FINO PayTech
6. National Securities Depository
7. Reliance Industries
8. Dilip Shanghvi, founder of Sun Pharmaceuticals

9. Vijay Shekhar Sharma, CEO of Paytm
10. Tech Mahindra
11. Vodafone M-Pesa
The "in-principle" licence is valid for 18 months within which the entities must fulfill the requirements. They are not allowed to engage in
banking activities within the period. The RBI will consider grant full licences under Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, after
it is satisfied that the conditions have been fulfilled.
BRICS New Development Bank: All you need to know about
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The New Development Bank (NDB) of BRICS launched business in Shanghai on 21 July
2015. The BRICS countries include the world's major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia,
India, China and South Africa. The grouping was originally known as "BRIC" before the
inclusion of South Africa in 2010. The NDB will supplement the existing international
financial system in a healthy way and explore innovations in governance models, Lou
said at a seminar following the ceremony.
Here are some facts you need to know about BRICS New Development Bank
BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) launched in Shanghai on July 21, 2015.
The NDB will lend money to developing countries to help finance infrastructure projects.
It is seen as an alternative to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The NDB is expected to issue its first loans early next year.
The bank is to start out with a capital of $50bn (32bn) though the amount is to be doubled in the coming years.
China, the second largest economy of the world will be the biggest contributor in NDB.
The NDB is to be headed by a rotating leadership.
On May 11, 2015, KV Kamath from India has been appointed as first president of NDB.
NDB was first proposed in 2012 but protracted negotiations over headquarters, management and funding have long delayed
the actual launch.
The New Development Bank will be headquartered in Shanghai, China.
The New Development Bank was agreed to by BRICS leaders at the 5th BRICS summit held in Durban, South Africa on 27 March
2013.
Chapter-3
PAYMENT AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS IN INDIA
Payment and settlement systems in India are regulated by the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act), legislated in
December 2007.
Payments are an indispensable part of our daily transactions, be it a consumer to a business, a business to a consumer or a business to a
business. Payments raise the GDP of a country thus it is mandatory that the payment systems of the country are safe, secure, sound,
efficient, accessible and authorize, as stated by the mission statement of the Reserve Bank of Indias publication on Payment Systems in
India (200912). The Reserve Bank of India continually strives towards ensuring the smooth progress of the payments system. In India it is
the BPSS (Board for Regulation of Payment and Settlement Systems) which is in charge of regulating these systems.
India has multiple payments and settlement systems. RBI Still continues to evolve new payment methods and slowly revamping the payments
and settlement capability in India.
India supports a variety of electronic payments and settlement system, both Gross as well as Net settlement systems.
Traditional Methods of Making Payments

Traditional methods dominating the Indian payments market have been cheques and cash.
CashCash is the most popular mode of payment especially when it comes to retail transactions because it gives the customer a sense of
completion once the amount is paid in cash. There are still quite a few small business transactions that take place with cash.
ChequesIndia has an evolved cheques clearing system. There are multiple flavours of paper instruments including customer cheques, Bankers
Cheque [or Pay order] and are still in use.
Electronic Payment and Settlement Systems in India

The Reserve Bank of India is doing its best to encourage alternative methods of payments which will bring security and efficiency to the
payments system and make the whole process easier for banks. The Indian banking sector has been growing successfully, innovating and
trying to adopt and implement electronic payments to enhance the banking system. Though the Indian payment systems have always been
dominated by paper-based transactions, e-payments are not far behind. Ever since the introduction of e-payments in India, the banking
sector has witnessed growth like never before.
According to a survey by Celent, the ratio of e-payments to paper based transactions has considerably increased between 2004 and
2008. This has happened as a result of advances in technology and increasing consumer awareness of the ease and efficiency of internet
and mobile transactions.
In the case of India, the RBI has played a pivotal role in facilitating e-payments by making it compulsory for banks to route high value
transactions through Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) and also by introducing NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer) and NECS
(National Electronic Clearing Services) which has encouraged individuals and businesses to switch to electronic methods of payment. With
the changing times and technology so have changed the methods of payments in India. E-payments in India have been growing at a fast
rate of 60% over the last 3 years.
In India plastics have been fast over-taking papers. With 130 million cards in circulation currently, both credit and debit, and an
increasing consumer base with disposable income, India is clearly one of the fastest growing countries for payment cards in the AsiaPacific region. Behavioural patterns of Indian customers are also likely to be influenced by their internet accessibility and usage, which
currently is about 32 million PC users, 68% of whom have access to the net. However these statistical indications are far from the reality
where customers still prefer to pay in line rather than online, with 63% payments still being made in cash. E-payments have to be
continuously promoted showing consumers the various routes through which they can make these payments like ATMs, the internet, mobile
phones and drop boxes.
Due to the efforts of the RBI and the BPSS now over 75% of all transaction volume are in the electronic mode, including both large-value
and retail payments. Out of this 75%, 98% come from the RTGS (large-value payments) whereas a meagre 2% come from retail
payments. This means consumers have not yet accepted this as a regular means of paying their bills and still prefer conventional methods.
Retail payments if made via electronic modes are done by ECS (debit and credit), EFT and card payments.
Electronic Clearing Service (ECS Credit)

Known as Credit-push facility or one-to-many facility this method is used mainly for large-value or bulk payments where the receivers
account is credited with the payment from the institution making the payment. Such payments are made on a timely-basis like a year, half
a year, etc. and used to pay salaries, dividends or commissions. Over time it has become one of the most convenient methods of making
large payments.
Electronic Clearing Services (ECS Debit)

Known as many-to-one or debit-pull facility this method is used mainly for small value payments from consumers/ individuals to big
organizations or companies. It eliminates the need for paper and instead makes the payment through banks/corporates or government
departments. It facilitates individual payments like telephone bills, electricity bills, online and card payments and insurance payments.
Though easy this method lacks popularity because of lack of consumer awareness.
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Credit cards and Debit cards

As mentioned above India is one of the fastest growing countries in the plastic money segment. Already there are 130 million cards in
circulation, which is likely to increase at a very fast pace due to rampant consumerism. Indias card market has been recording a growth
rate of 30% in the last 5 years. Card payments form an integral part of e-payments in India because customers make many payments
on their card-paying their bills, transferring funds and shopping.
Ever since Debit cards entered India, in 1998 they have been growing in number and today they consist of nearly 3/4th of the total
number of cards in circulation.
Credit cards have shown a relatively slower growth even though they entered the market one decade before debit cards. Only in the last
5 years has there been an impressive growth in the number of credit cards- by 74.3% between 2004 and 2008. It is expected to grow
at a rate of about 60% considering levels of employment and disposable income. Majority of credit card purchases come from expenses
on jewellery, dining and shopping.
Another recent innovation in the field of plastic money is co-branded credit cards, which combine many services into one card-where banks
and other retail stores, airlines, telecom companies enter into business partnerships. This increases the utility of these cards and hence they
are used not only in ATMs but also at Point of sale (POS) terminals and while making payments on the net.
Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS)

The acronym 'RTGS' stands for real time gross settlement. The Reserve Bank of India (India's Central Bank) maintains this payment network.
RTGS system is a funds transfer mechanism where transfer of money takes place from one bank to another on a 'real time' and on 'gross'
basis. This is the fastest possible money transfer system through the banking channel. Settlement in 'real time' means payment transaction
is not subjected to any waiting period. The transactions are settled as soon as they are processed. 'Gross settlement' means the transaction
is settled on one to one basis without bunching with any other transaction. Considering that money transfer takes place in the books of the
Reserve Bank of India, the payment is taken as final and irrevocable.
Fees for RTGS vary from bank to bank. RBI has prescribed upper limit for the fees which can be charged by all banks both for NEFT and
RTGS. Both the remitting and receiving must have core banking in place to enter into RTGS transactions. Core Banking enabled banks and
branches are assigned an Indian Financial System Code (IFSC) for RTGS and NEFT purposes. This is an eleven digit alphanumeric code
and unique to each branch of bank. The first four letters indicate the identity of the bank and remaining seven numerals indicate a single
branch. This code is provided on the cheque books, which are required for transactions along with recipient's account number.
RTGS is a large value (minimum value of transaction should be 2,00,000) funds transfer system whereby financial intermediaries can
settle interbank transfers for their own account as well as for their customers. The system effects final settlement of interbank funds transfers
on a continuous, transaction-by-transaction basis throughout the processing day. Customers can access the RTGS facility between 9 am to
4:30 pm (Interbank up to 6:30 pm) on weekdays and 9 am to 2:00 pm (Interbank up to 3:00 pm) on Saturdays. However, the timings
that the banks follow may vary depending on the bank branch. Time Varying Charges has been introduced w.e.f. 1 October 2011 by
RBI. The basic purpose of RTGS is to facilitate the transactions which need immediate access for the completion of the transaction.
Banks could use balances maintained under the cash reserve ratio (CRR) and the intra-day liquidity (IDL) to be supplied by the central
bank, for meeting any eventuality arising out of the real time gross settlement (RTGS). The RBI fixed the IDL limit for banks to three times
their net owned fund (NOF).
The IDL will be charged at 25 per transaction entered into by the bank on the RTGS platform. The marketable securities and treasury
bills will have to be placed as collateral with a margin of five per cent. However, the apex bank will also impose severe penalties if the
IDL is not paid back at the end of the day.
The RTGS service window for customer's transactions is available from 8:00 hours to 19:00 hours on week days and from 8:00 hours to
13:00 hours on Saturdays.
No Transaction on weekly holidays and public holidays.
Service Charge for RTGS

a) Inward transactions 1%, no charge to be levied.
b) Outward transactions
- For transactions of 2 lakhs to 5 lakhs -up to 25 per transaction plus applicable Time Varying Charges (1/- to 5/-); total not
exceeding 30 per transaction, (+ Service Tax).
- Above 5 lakhs - 50 per transaction plus applicable Time Varying Charges (1/- to 5/-); total charges not exceeding 55 per
transaction, (+ Service Tax).
No time varying charges are applicable for RTGS transactions settled up to 1300 hrs.
National Electronic Fund Transfer (NEFT)

National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is one of the most prominent electronic funds transfer systems of India. Started in Nov.-2005,
NEFT is a facility provided to bank customers to enable them to transfer funds easily and securely on a one-to-one basis. It is done via
electronic messages. This is not on real-time basis like RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement). This is a "net" transfer facility which is executed
in hourly batches resulting in a time lag. NEFT facilities are available in 30,000 bank branches all over the country and work on a batch
mode.
NEFT has gained popularity due to it saving on time and the ease with which the transactions can be concluded. This reflects from the fact
that 42% of all electronic transactions in the 2008 financial year were NEFT transactions.
How this works

Step-1: Customer fills an application form providing details of the beneficiary (like name, bank, branch name, IFSC, account type and
account number) and the amount to be remitted. The remitter authorizes his/her bank branch to debit his account and remit the specified
amount to the beneficiary. This facility is also available through online banking and some banks offer the NEFT facility even through the
ATMs.
Step-2: The originating bank branch prepares a message and sends the message to its pooling centre (also called the NEFT Service
Centre).
Step-3 : The pooling centre forwards the message to the NEFT Clearing Centre (operated by National Clearing Cell, Reserve Bank of
India, Mumbai) to be included for the next available batch.
Step-4: The Clearing Centre sorts the funds transfer transactions destination bank-wise and prepares accounting entries to receive funds
from the originating banks (debit) and give the funds to the destination banks (credit). Thereafter, bank-wise remittance messages are
forwarded to the destination banks through their pooling centre (NEFT Service Centre).
Step-5: The destination banks receive the inward remittance messages from the Clearing Centre and pass on the credit to the beneficiary
customers accounts.
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Service Charges for NEFT

The structure of charges that can be
a) Inward transactions at destination bank branches (for credit to beneficiary accounts):
Free, no charges to be collected from beneficiaries
b) Outward transactions at originating bank branches (charges for the remitter):
For transactions up to 10,000 (not exceeding): 2.50 (+ Service Tax)
For transactions above 10,000 up to 1 lakh (not exceeding): 5 (+ Service Tax)
For transactions above 1 lakh and up to 2 lakhs (not exceeding): 15 (+ Service Tax)
For transactions above 2 lakhs (not exceeding): 25 (+ Service Tax)
Settlement Timings
Currently, NEFT operates in hourly batches - there are twelve settlements from 8:00 AM to 7:00 PM on week days and six settlements
from 8:00 AM to 1:00 PM on Saturdays.
Any transaction initiated after a designated settlement time would have to wait till the next designated settlement time. As of 2013, all
transactions initiated before 5 PM will be settled on same day. No transactions are settled on weekly holidays and public holidays.
Indo-Nepal Remittance Facility Scheme

Indo-Nepal Remittance Facility is a cross-border remittance scheme to transfer funds from India to Nepal, enabled under the NEFT Scheme.
The scheme was launched to provide a safe and cost-efficient avenue to migrant Nepalese workers in India to remit money back to their
families in Nepal. A remitter can transfer funds up to 50,000 (maximum permissible amount) from any of the NEFT-enabled branches in
India. The beneficiary would receive funds in Nepalese Rupees.
Immediate Payment Service (IMPS)

Founded- 22 November 2012
Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) is one of the most prominent electronic funds transfer systems of India. Started in Nov.-2010. IMPS is
real-time remittance service available anytime, anywhere across India. Using IMPS customers can transfer money real-time to any person
or to a merchant, for any personal or commercial purpose. IMPS facilities are available in 92 banks all over the country.
IMPS is available round-the-clock and operates even during bank holiday, weekends or festive holidays. IMPS can be used on any
platform - Mobile, Internet and ATM across any bank in India. For any transfer, IMPS is the answer.
IMPS - Immediate Payment Service allows customers to make instant, 24*7*365, payments to individuals, or merchants / enterprises.
In the above context, NPCI has carried out a pilot on mobile payment system initially with 4 member banks viz State Bank of India, Bank
of India, Union Bank of India( BUT According to UBI it takes ONE WEEK) and ICICI Bank in August 2010. Yes Bank, Axis Bank and HDFC
Bank have joined this pilot in month of September, October and November 2010 respectively. Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) public
launch happened on 22 November 2010 by Smt. Shyamala Gopinath, DG RBI at Mumbai and this service is now available to the Indian
public.
This facility is provided by NPCI through its existing NFS switch.
Input options for initiating IMPS funds transfer

With Mobile number and MMID
IMPS allows funds transfer using a beneficiary mobile number and MMID (Mobile Money Identifier)
MMID is a seven digit number, first four digits of which are called NBIN (allocated to member by NPCI) and last three digits are provided
by the member
A combination of mobile number and MMID is linked to a unique account number.
Using Account number and IFSC
IMPS allows funds transfer using beneficiary account number and IFSC.
Using AADHAAR number
IMPS allows funds transfer using the Aadhaar number.
Objectives of IMPS
Building a robust retail payment service that is real time, available 24X7 (on holidays too) & is cost effective.
Providing a channel independent access mechanism.
Building an interoperable fund transfer service involving various stakeholders such as banks, non-banks (PPIs), Merchants & Telecom service.
Being a catalyst in facilitating financial inclusion process, providing banking services to even the last mile customer.
Sub-serving the goal of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in electrification of retail payments.
The key features of IMPS are as follows

Instant Interbank fund transfer
Convenient and time-saving
Anytime, anywhere service
Safe & secure
Simple & easy to use
24*7*365 availability
Instant confirmation to sender and receiver
BUT According to UBI it takes ONE WEEK
Bharat Bill Payment System

Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) is an integrated bill payment system in India offering interoperable and accessible bill payment service
to customers through a network of agents, enabling multiple payment modes, and providing instant confirmation of payment.
The Committee headed by RBI Executive Director G. Padmanabhan was set up in 2013 to study the feasibility of implementation of Giro
based Payment Systems. It had estimated that over 30,800 million bills amounting to Rs.6223 billion are generated each year in the top
20 cities in the country.
It was felt that integrated bill payment system is required in the country that could offer interoperable and accessible bill payment services
to customers through a network of agents, allow multiple payment modes, and provide instant confirmation of payment. This should also
serve as an efficient, cost-effective alternative to the existing systems and enhance consumer confidence and experience.
In 2014, the Giro Advisory Group (GAG) under Chairmanship of Prof. Umesh Bellur from IIT Bombay was set up to define a framework
that enables the creation of pan- India touch points for bill payments by customers. Accordingly, the draft of guidelines for implementation
of the Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) was placed on RBI website on August 7, 2014, for public comments, and final guidelines were
issued on November 28, 2014.
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Comparison
The key difference between RTGS and NEFT is that while RTGS is on gross settlement basis, NEFT is on net settlement basis. Besides, RTGS
facilitates real-time ("push") transfer, while NEFT involves twelve settlements from 8 am to 7 pm on week days and six settlements from 8
am to 1 pm on Saturdays. Customers can access the RTGS facility between 9 am to 4:30 pm on weekdays and 9 am to 1:30 pm on
Saturday. Thus if a customer has given instruction to its bank to transfer money through NEFT to another bank in the morning hours, money
would be transferred the same day, but if the instruction is given much later during the day, money may be transferred next day.
RTGS facility is available in over 1, 13,000 branches across India, while NEFT is available in little over 1,15,000 branches of a 100
banks.
Channels of e-payments
In their effort to enable customers to make payments the electronic way banks have developed many channels of payments viz. the
internet, mobiles, ATMs (Automated Teller Machines) and drop boxes.
The internet as a channel of payment is one of the most popular especially among the youth. Debit and credit payments are made by
customers on various banks websites for small purchases,(retail payments) and retail transfers( ATM transfers).
ATMs serve many other purposes, apart from functioning as terminals for withdrawals and balance inquiries, such as payment of bills
through ATMs, applications for cheques books and loans can also be made via ATMs.
Banks also provide telephone and mobile banking facilities. Through call agents payments can be made and as the number of telephone
and mobile subscribers are expected to rise, so is this channel of payment expected to gain popularity.
Drop boxes provide a solution to those who have no access to the internet or to a telephone or mobile. These drop-boxes are kept in the
premises of banks and the customers can drop their bills along with the bill payment slips in these boxes to be collected by third party
agents.
Role of the RBI in encouraging e-payments

As the apex financial and regulatory institution in the country it is compulsory for the RBI to ensure that the payments system in the country
is as technologically advanced as possible and in view of this aim, the RBI has taken several initiatives to strengthen the e-payments system
in India and encourage people to adopt it.
The Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 was a major step in this direction. It enables the RBI to regulate, supervise and lay down
policies involving payment and settlement space in India. Apart from some basic instructions to banks as to the personal and confidential
nature of customer payments, supervising the timely payment and settlement of all transactions, the RBI has actively encouraged all banks
and consumers to embrace e-payments.
In pursuit of the above-mentioned goal the RBI has granted NBFCs (Non-Banking Financial Companies) the permission to issue co-branded
credit cards forming partnerships with commercial banks.
The Kisan Credit Card Scheme was launched by NABARD in order to meet the credit needs of farmers, so that they can be free of paper
money hassles and use only plastic money.
A domestic card scheme known as RuPay has recently been started by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), promoted by
RBI and Indian Banks Association (IBA), inspired by Union pay in China, which will be promoting the use of cards i.e. Plastic money.
Initially functioning as an NPO, Rupay will focus on potential customers from rural and semi-urban areas of India. Rupay will have a much
wider coverage than Visa, MasterCard or American Express cards which have always been used for card-based settlements.
The NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) introduced by the Government will ensure rural employment in turn ensuring
that the employees get wages. Each employee will have a smart card functioning as his personal identification card, drivers license, credit
card which will also function as an electronic pass book, thus familiarising the rural populations with e-payments.
However, the Indian banking system suffers from some defects due to certain socio-cultural factors which hampers the spread of the epayments culture even though there are many effective electronic payment channels and systems in place. Despite the infrastructure being
there nearly 63% of all payments are still made in cash. A relatively small percentage of the population pays their bills electronically
and most of that population is from urban India-the metropolitans. Also in some cases the transaction is done partially online and partially
offline. The main reason for this apathy to switch to e-payments comes from lack of awareness of the customer despite various efforts
by the Government.
Difference between RTGS and NEFT
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The fundamental difference between RTGS and NEFT is that while RTGS is based on gross settlement, NEFT is based on net-settlement.
Gross settlement is where a transaction is completed on a one-to-one basis without bunching with other transactions. As for a Deferred
Net Basis (DNS), or net settlement, this is where transactions are completed in batches at specific times. Here, all transfers will be held up
until a specific time. RTGS transactions are processed throughout the working hours of the system. RTGS transactions involve large amounts
of cash; basically only funds above Rs 200,000 may be transferred using this system. For NEFT, any amount below Rs 200,000 may be
transferred, and this system is generally for smaller value transactions involving smaller amounts of money. RTGS processes in real-time
(push transfer), while NEFT processes in cycles during the given working day. This causes a NEFT transaction that is initiated later than the
last cycle to be completed the next day.
Summary: RTGS is Real Time Gross Settlement, while NEFT is National Electronic Funds Transfer. RTGS completes transactions in realtime, and is therefore faster than NEFT, which completes transactions in cycles. RTGS is gross settlement, where a transfer is completed on
a one-tonne basis, while NEFT is on a Deferred Net Basis, where transfers are bundled and deferred for a specific time. RTGS is a high
value transfer system, handling funds worth Rs 200,000 and above, while NEFT transfers generally smaller amounts below Rs 200,000.
Chapter-4
REGULATORY BODIES
Financial sector in India has experienced a better environment to grow with the presence of higher competition. The financial system in
India is regulated by independent regulators in the field of banking, insurance, and mortgage and capital market. Government of India
plays a significant role in controlling the financial market in India.
Ministry of Finance, Government of India controls the financial sector in India. Every year the finance ministry presents the annual budget
on 28th February. The Reserve Bank of India is an apex institution in controlling banking system in the country. Its monetary policy acts as
a major weapon in India's financial market.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is one of the regulatory authorities for India's capital market.
Regulatory agencies
Broadly, there are supposed to be product-wise demarcations of regulatory space for various regulators: Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
regulates credit products, savings and remittances; the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) regulates investment products; the
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) regulate insurance products; and the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development
Authority (PFRDA) regulates pension products.
The Forward Markets Commission (FMC) regulates commodity-based exchange-traded futures. Practically, as was illustrated by the recent
PFRDA-IRDA conflict, since certain entities (especially insurance companies) primarily engaged in one product also offer other products; it
becomes difficult to impose product-based regulation. So, essentially, most regulation turns out to be entity-based.
Quasi-Regulatory Agencies
There are other government bodies which perform quasi-regulatory functions, including National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development (NABARD), Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), and National Housing Bank (NHB). NABARD supervises
regional rural banks as well as state and district cooperative banks. NHB regulates housing finance companies, and SIDBI regulates the
state finance corporations.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Securities and Exchange Board of India

SEBI Bhavan, Mumbai headquarters
Formed
12 April 1992
Jurisdiction
Government of India
Headquarters
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Agency executive
Upendra Kumar Sinha, Chairman (As on 21 August 2015)
Website
www.sebi.gov.in
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was first established in the year 1988 as a non-statutory body for regulating the securities
market. It became an autonomous body in 1992 and more powers were given through an ordinance. Since then it regulates the market
through its independent powers.
Objectives of SEBI
Functions of SEBI
As an important entity in the market it works with following

objectives:
It tries to develop the securities market.
Promotes Investors Interest.
Makes rules and regulations for the securities market.
Regulates Capital Market Checks Trading of securities.

Checks the malpractices in securities market.
It enhances investor's knowledge on market by
providing education.
It regulates the stockbrokers and sub-brokers.
To promote Research and Investigation.
SEBI in India's Capital Market

SEBI from time to time have adopted many rules and regulations for enhancing the Indian capital market. The recent initiatives undertaken
are as follows:
Sole Control on Brokers: Under this rule every brokers and sub brokers have to get registration with SEBI and any stock exchange in
India.
For Underwriters: For working as an underwriter an asset limit of 20 lakh has been fixed.
For Share Prices: According to this law all Indian companies are free to determine their respective share prices and premiums on the
share prices.
For Mutual Funds: SEBI's introduction of SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulation in 1993 is to have direct control on all mutual funds of both
public and private sector.
Foreign Investment Promotion Board
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The Foreign Investment Promotion Board is a special agency in India dealing with the matters relating to Foreign Direct Investment. This
special board was set up with a view to raise the volume of investment to the country. The sole aim of the board is to create a base in the
country by which a larger volume of investment can be drawn to the country.
On 18 February 2003, the board was transferred to the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) Ministry of Finance.
Important functions of the Board are as follows:
Formulating proposals for the promotion of investment.
Steps to implement the proposals.
Setting friendly guidelines for facilitating more investors.
Inviting more companies to make investment.
To recommend the Government to have necessary actions for attracting more

investment.
With regards to the structure of the Foreign Investment Promotion Board, the board comprises the following group of secretaries to the
Government:
MembersSecretary, Department of Economic Affairs - Chairman
Secretary, Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion - Member
Secretary, Department of Commerce - Member
Secretary, (Economic Relation), Ministry of External Affairs - Member
The Board is empowered to co-opt Secretaries to the Government of India and other top officials of financial institutions, banks and
professional experts of industry and commerce, as required.
Financial Stability Development Council (FSDC)

Financial Stability and Development Council is apex-level body constituted by government of India. The idea to create such a super
regulatory body was first mooted by Raghuram
Rajan Committee in 1998.The recent global economic meltdown has put pressure on governments and institutions across globe to regulate
the economic assets. This council is seen as an India's initiative to be better conditioned to prevent such incidents in future. The new body
envisages strengthening and institutionalising the mechanism of maintaining financial stability, financial sector development, and interregulatory coordination along with monitoring macro-prudential regulation of economy.
Composition of the council

Chairperson: The Union Finance Minister of India
Members:
Governor Reserve Bank of India (RBl),
Finance Secretary and/ or Secretary,
Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) Secretary,
Department of Financial Services (DFS) Chief Economic Advisor,
Ministry of Finance Chairman,
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Chairman,
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA).
Chairman Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
Joint Secretary (Capital Markets), DEA, will be the Secretary of the Council
The Chairperson may invite any person whose presence is deemed necessary for any of its meeting(s).
Responsibilities of the council
Financial Stability
Financial Sector Development
Inter-Regulatory Coordination
Financial Literacy
Financial Inclusion
Macro prudential supervision of the economy including the functioning of large financial conglomerates
Coordinating India's international interface with financial sector bodies like the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), Financial Stability
Board (FSB) and any such body as may be decided by the Finance Minister from time to time.
Structural and Functional changes
To Entrust it with the tasks of existing regulators i.e. RBI, IRDA, SEBI and PFRDA.
The Council shall have a Sub-committee headed by the Governor, RBl. The Sub-committee will replace the existing High Level Coordination
Committee on Financial Markets.
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Major Financial Institutions in India

Imperial Bank of India
Industrial Finance corporation of India
State Bank of India
Unit Trust of India
IDBI July
NABARD
SIDBI
EXIM Bank
National Housing Bank
Life Insurance Corporation (LIC)
General Insurance Corporation (GIC)
Risk Capital and Technology Finance Corporation Ltd.
Technology Development & Information Co. of India Ltd.
Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd.
Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd. (HDFC)
1921
April 1, 1935
1948
July 1, 1955
Feb. 1, 1964
1964
July 12, 1982
1990
January 1, 1982
July 1988
September 1956
November 1972
Oct. 2, 1975
March 1975
1989
1988
1977
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA)

( )
Abbreviation
Headquarters
Location
Chairman, IRDA
Website
IRDAI
3rd Floor, Parisrama Bhavan, Basheer Bagh, Hyderabad,Telangana
Hyderabad, Telangana
T.S. Vijayan (As on 21 August 2015)
irda.gov.in
The IRDA is a national agency of the Government of India, based in Hyderabad. It was formed by an act of Indian Parliament known as
IRDA Act 1999, which was amended in 2002 to incorporate some emerging requirements. Mission of IRDA as stated in the act is "to protect
the interests of the Policyholders, to regulate, promote and ensure orderly growth of the Insurance industry and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto."
In 2010, the Government of India ruled that the Unit Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs) will be governed by IRDA, and not the market
regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India.
Duties, Powers and Functions of IRDA

Under Section 14 of IRDA Act, 1999 lays down the duties, powers and functions of IRDA:
1. Subject to the provisions of this Act and any other law for the time being in force, the Authority shall have the duty to regulate,
promote and ensure orderly growth of the insurance business and re-insurance business.
2. Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions contained in subsection (1), the powers and functions of the Authority shall
include:
a. Issue to the applicant a certificate of registration, renew, modify, withdraw, suspend or cancel such registration
b. Protection of the interests of the policy holders in matters concerning assigning of policy, nomination by policy holders, insurable
interest, settlement of Insurance claim, surrender value of policy and other terms and conditions of contracts of insurance
c. Specifying requisite qualifications, code of conduct and practical training for intermediary or insurance intermediaries and
agents
d. Specifying the code of conduct for surveyors and loss assessors
e. Promoting efficiency in the conduct of insurance business
f. Promoting and regulating professional organisations connected with the insurance and re-insurance business
g. Levying fees and other charges for carrying out the purposes of this Act
h. Calling for information from, undertaking inspection of, conducting enquiries and investigations including audit of the insurers,
intermediaries, insurance intermediaries and other organisations connected with the insurance business
i.
Control and regulation of the rates, advantages, terms and conditions that may be offered by insurers in respect of general
insurance business not so controlled and regulated by the Tariff Advisory Committee under section 64U of the Insurance Act,
1938 (4 of 1938)
j.
Specifying the form and manner in which books of account shall be maintained and statement of accounts shall be rendered by
insurers and other insurance intermediaries
k. Regulating investment of funds by insurance companies
l.
Regulating maintenance of margin of solvency
m. Adjudication of disputes between insurers and intermediaries or insurance intermediaries
n. Supervising the functioning of the Tariff Advisory Committee
o. Specifying the percentage of premium income of the insurer to finance schemes for promoting and regulating professional
organisations referred to in clause (f)
p. Specifying the percentage of life insurance business and general insurance business to be undertaken by the insurer in the rural
or social sector
q. Exercising such other powers as may be prescribed from time to time.
Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)

Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority
Type
Public
Industry
Pension
Founded
August 23, 2003
Headquarters
New Delhi, India
Key people
Shri Hemant G Contractor, Chairman (As on 21 August 2015)
Website
www.pfrda.org.in
Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) is the prudential regulator for the NPS. PFRDA was established by the
Government of India on 23 August 2003 to promote old age income security by establishing, developing and regulating pension funds.
PFRDA has set up a Trust under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882 to oversee the functions of the PFMs. The NPS Trust is composed of members
representing diverse fields and brings wide range of talent to the regulatory framework
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Forward Markets Commission (FMC)

Formed
1953
Jurisdiction
India
Headquarters
Mumbai, India
Agency executive Ramesh Abhishek, Chairman (As on 21 August 2015)
Parent agency
Ministry of Finance
Website
http://www.fmc.gov.in
The Forward Markets Commission (FMC) is the chief regulator of forwards and futures markets in India. As of March 2009, it regulated
Rs 52 trillion worth of commodity trades in India. It is headquartered in Mumbai and unusually for a financial regulatory agency is
overseen by the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India). Mr. Ramesh Abhishek replaced Mr. B.C. Khatua as the
chairman of the commission in 2011.
Categories of Priority Sector
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The broad categories of priority sector for all scheduled commercial banks are as under:
1. Agriculture (Direct and Indirect finance): Direct finance to agriculture shall include short, medium and long term loans given for
agriculture and allied activities directly to individual farmers, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) or Joint Liability Groups (JLGs) of individual
farmers without limit and to others (such as corporate, partnership firms and institutions) up to Rs. 20 lakh, for taking up
agriculture/allied activities.
2. Indirect finance to agriculture shall include loans given for agriculture and allied activities.
3. Small Scale Industries (Direct and Indirect Finance): Direct finance to small scale industries (SSI) shall include all loans given to SSI
units which are engaged in manufacture, processing or preservation of goods and whose investment in plant and machinery (original
cost) excluding land and building does not exceed the amounts specified. Indirect finance to SSI shall include finance to any person
providing inputs to or marketing the output of artisans, village and cottage industries, handlooms and to cooperatives of producers
in this sector.
4. Small Business / Service Enterprises shall include small business, retail trade, professional & self employed persons, small road &
water transport operators and other service enterprises as per the definition given in Section I and other enterprises that are engaged
in providing or rendering of services, and whose investment in equipment does not exceed the amount specified in Section I,
appended.
5. Micro Credit : Provision of credit and other financial services and products of very small amounts not exceeding Rs. 50,000 per
borrower to the poor in rural, semi-urban and urban areas, either directly or through a group mechanism, for enabling them to
improve their living standards, will constitute micro credit.
6. Education loans: Education loans include loans and advances granted to only individuals for educational purposes up to Rs. 10 lakh
for studies in India and Rs. 20 lakh for studies abroad, and do not include those granted to institutions;
7. Housing loans: Loans up to Rs. 15 lakh for construction of houses by individuals, (excluding loans granted by banks to their own
employees) and loans given for repairs to the damaged houses of individuals up to Rs.1 lakh in rural and semi-urban areas and up
to Rs.2 lakh in urban areas
Total Priority Sector advances
40% of Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANBC) or credit equivalent amount of Off-Balance Sheet Exposure, whichever is higher
32% of ANBC or credit equivalent amount of Off-Balance Sheet Exposure, whichever is higher.
Chapter-5
INDIAN ECONOMY CONCEPTS & UNDERSTANDING BUDGET
INDIAN ECONOMY CONCEPTS & UNDERSTANDING
Budget India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past autarkic policies remain. Economic liberalization, including
industrial deregulation, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign trade and investment, began in the
early 1990s and has served to accelerate the country's growth, which has averaged more than 7% per year since 1997. India's diverse
economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of
services. Slightly more than half of the work force is in agriculture, but services are the major source of economic growth, accounting for
nearly two thirds of India's output, with less than one-third of its labour force. India has capitalized on its large educated English-speaking
population to become a major exporter of information technology services and software workers. In 2010, the Indian economy rebounded
robustly from the global financial crisis - in large part because of strong domestic demand - and growth exceeded 8% year-on-year in
real terms.
However, India's economic growth began slowing in 2011 because of a tight monetary policy, intended to address persistent inflation,
and a decline in investment, caused by investor pessimism about domestic economic reforms and about the global situation. High
international crude prices have exacerbated the government's fuel subsidy expenditures, contributing to a higher fiscal deficit and a
worsening current account deficit. In late 2012, the Indian Government announced reforms and deficit reduction measures to reverse
India's slowdown. The outlook India's medium-term growth is positive due to a young population and corresponding low dependency ratio,
healthy savings and investment rates, and increasing integration into the global economy. India has many long-term challenges that it has
not yet fully addressed, including poverty, inadequate physical and social infrastructure, limited non-agricultural employment
opportunities, inadequate availability of quality basic and higher education, and accommodating rural-to-urban migration.
CONCEPT OF NATIONAL INCOME

National income is the measurement of flow of services and goods in economic system. The national wealth is the measurement of present
assets available on a given time while the National income is the measurement of the production power of economic system in a given
time period. The figures of National income are based on the financial year (i.e. from 1st April to 31st March). The base of one year is
taken for calculating National income which is called base year, as all the seasons come in a year. The data of estimation of Indias
National income are issued by Central Statistical Organisation (CSO).
The important concepts of national income are:
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
2. Gross National Product (GNP)
3. Net National Product (NNP) at Market Prices
4. Net National Product (NNP) at Factor Cost or National Income
5. Personal Income
6. Disposable Income
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Gross National Product is the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a
year. GNP includes net factor income from abroad whereas GDP does not.
Therefore, GNP = GDP + Net factor income from abroad. Net factor income from abroad = factor income received by Indian nationals
from abroad factor income paid to foreign nationals working in India.
Parameter
GDP
GNP
Stands for
Gross Domestic Product
Gross National Product
Definition
An estimated value of the total worth of a countrys GDP (+) total capital gains from overseas investment
production and services, calculated over the course on (-) income earned by foreign nationals domestically
one year
Layman Usage
Total value of products & Services produced within the Total value of Goods and Services produced by all
territorial boundary of a country
nationals of a country (whether within or outside the
country)
Formula for
GDP = consumption + investment + (government GNP = GDP + NR (Net income from assets abroad (Net
Calculation
Income Receipts))
spending) + (exports imports)
Uses Business,
Economic Forecasting Business,
Economic Forecasting
Net National Product (NNP) at Market Price NNP is the market value of all final goods and services after providing for
depreciation. That is, when charges for depreciation are deducted from the GNP we get NNP at market price. Therefore
NNP = GNP Depreciation
Depreciation is the consumption of fixed capital or fall in the value of fixed capital due to wear and tear.
Net National Product (NNP) at Factor Cost (National Income) NNP at factor cost or National Income is the sum of wages,
rent, interest and profits paid to factors for their contribution to the production of goods and services in a year. It may be noted that:
NNP at Factor Cost = NNP at Market Price Indirect Taxes + Subsidies.
Factor Cost: Factor
cost is the sum total of amount paid to four main factors of production viz; land (rent), labour, capital and
entrepreneurship (profit). It is exclusive of taxes or subsidies.
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National Income at current prices: If goods and services are valued at current prices i.e. prices prevailing in the market in the
particular year, we get the National Income at current prices. National Income at constant prices: When National Income is calculated at
constant prices i.e., prices prevailing in a particular year, called the Base Year, we get National Income at constant prices. This method
offsets the impact of inflationary tendency, in price level on economic growth and reflects the real National Income. In India the base year
for constant prices is presently taken as 2004-05.
Per Capita Income: This is derived by dividing the total National Income of a country by its total population. Therefore, an increase
in National Income in real terms does not necessarily mean an increase in the per capita income, as it is inversely proportional to the rate
of growth of population.
Personal Income Personal income is the sum of all incomes actually received by all individuals or households during a given year. In
National Income there are some income, which is earned but not actually received by households such as Social Security contributions,
corporate income taxes and undistributed profits. On the other hand there are income (transfer payment), which is received but not
currently earned such as old age pensions, unemployment doles, relief payments, etc. Thus, in moving from national income to personal
income we must subtract the incomes earned but not received and add incomes received but not currently earned. Therefore
Personal Income = National Income Social Security contributions corporate income taxes undistributed corporate profits + transfer
payments.
Disposable Income: From personal income if we deduct personal taxes like income taxes, personal property taxes etc. what remains
is called disposable income. Thus,
Disposable Income = Personal income personal taxes.
Disposable Income can either be consumed or saved. Therefore,
Disposable Income = consumption + saving.
MEASUREMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME

Production generate incomes which are again spent on goods and services produced. Therefore, national income can be measured by
three methods:
1. Output or Production method
2. Income method
3. Expenditure method
1. Output or Production Method This method is also called the value-added method. This method approaches national income
from the output side. Under this method, the economy is divided into different sectors such as agriculture, fishing, mining, construction,
manufacturing, trade and commerce, transport, communication and other services. Then, the gross product is found out by adding up the
net values of all the production that has taken place in these sectors during a given year. In order to arrive at the net value of production
of a given industry, intermediate goods purchases by the producers of this industry are deducted from the gross value of production of
that industry. The aggregate or net values of production of all the industry and sectors of the economy plus the net factor income from
abroad will give us the GNP. If we deduct depreciation from the GNP we get NNP at market price. NNP at market price indirect taxes
+ subsidies will give us NNP at factor cost or National Income. The output method can be used where there exists a census of production
for the year. The advantage of this method is that it reveals the contributions and relative importance and of the different sectors of the
economy.
2. Income Method This method approaches national income from the distribution side. According to this method, national income is
obtained by summing up of the incomes of all individuals in the country. Thus, national income is calculated by adding up the rent of land,
wages and salaries of employees, interest on capital, profits of entrepreneurs and income of self-employed people. This method of
estimating national income has the great advantage of indicating the distribution of national income among different income groups such
as landlords, capitalists, workers, etc.
3. Expenditure Method This method arrives at national income by adding up all the expenditure made on goods and services
during a year. Thus, the national income is found by adding up the following types of expenditure by households, private business
enterprises and the government:
a. Expenditure on consumer goods and services by individuals and households denoted by C. This is called personal consumption
expenditure denoted by C.
b. Expenditure by private business enterprises on capital goods and on making additions to inventories or stocks in a year. This is called
gross domestic private investment denoted by I.
c. Governments expenditure on goods and services i.e. government purchases denoted by G.
d. Expenditure made by foreigners on goods and services of the national economy over and above what this economy spends on the
output of the foreign countries i.e.
Exports imports denoted by (X M). Thus, GDP = C + I + G + (X M).
India has been successful in achieving autonomy in producing different basic and capital products since independence. Since independence
to 1980 there was restrictive growth of private sector and government's permission was required to set up any private enterprise in India.
Other factors such as poverty and famine lowered India's economic growth rate during this period. Post 1980s India saw liberalization
and achieved further impetus in Mid-1991. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 marked the beginning of the evolution of the Indian
Industrial Policy. In the Industrial Policy of 1948, the importance of both public sector and private sector was accepted. However, the
responsibility of development of basic industries was handed over to Public Sector. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 gave the
public sector strategic role in the economy. It categorised industries which would be the exclusive responsibility of the State or would
progressively come under state control and others. Earmarking the pre-eminent position of the public sector, it envisaged private sector
co-existing with the state and thus attempted to give the policy framework flexibility.
The main objective of the Industrial Policy of 1956 was to develop public sector, co-operative sector and control on private monopoly.
There were four categories of industries in the Industrial Policy of 1948 which was reduced to three in the Industrial Policy of 1956. In
1973, Joint Sector was constituted on the recommendations of Dutta Committee. The Industrial Policy of 1980 was influenced by the
concept of federalism and the policy of giving concession to agriculture based industries was implemented through in it. Various liberalised
steps to be taken were declared at comprehensive level, in the Industrial Policy declared on 24th July, 1991.
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NEW ECONOMIC POLICY

New Economic Policy is related to economic reforms. Its aim is to bring about reforms in production pattern, to obtain new technology and
to use full capacity expeditiously and in Toto.
The New Economic Policy was devised and implemented, for the first time in the year 1985 during the period of Prime Minister Rajiv
Gandhi. The second wave of new economic reforms came in the year 1991 during the period of P.V. Narsimha Rao government. The main
reason to start new economic policy (1991) was Gulf War and problem of balance of payment in India.
Three main objectives of new economic policy were Privatisation, Liberalisation and Globalisation.
Main sectors of new economic reform policy, 1991 were
Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Value Fixation Policy Foreign Policy, Industrial Policy, Foreign Investment Policy, Business Policy and Public
Sector Policy.
The following four main steps were taken under the Fiscal Policy, 1991:
To control public expenditure strictly
To expand Tax Net
To observe discipline in management of funds of Central and State governments.
To curtail grants (subsidy)
Under the Monetary Policy, steps were taken to control inflation.
Measures implemented under the Industrial Reforms Policy, 1991 were:
1. Number of reserved industries decreased to 8. Presently these are only four.
2. The work of rehabilitation of sick industries handed over to Board of Industrial Financial Reconstruction.
3. Industries were made powerful with the help of Memorandum of Understandings (MoU)
4. Voluntary Retirement Schemes started to cut down the size of work force.
ECONOMIC REFORMS
Economic Reforms Economic Reforms were introduced in 1991 in India. First Generation Reforms were aimed at stabilisation of Indian
economy and were macro level in nature. It includes liberalisation & deregulation of industry, financial sector reforms, taxation reforms
etc. Second Generation Reforms aimed at structural changes and are micro level in nature. It will include labour reforms, land reforms,
capital market reforms, expenditure reforms and power sector reforms etc.
Since economic reform, poverty has been declining from 36% in 1993 to 26% by the end of 10th plan. But as far as inequality is
concerned it has increased. A World Bank Report 1999-2000 confirms this rise in inequality. The limit of foreign investment in some
industries and Industrial sectors were as under.
RECENT POLICY MEASURES
100% FDI allowed in medical devices

FDI cap increased in insurance & sub-activities from 26% to 49%
100% FDI allowed in the telecom sector.
100% FDI in single-brand retail.
FDI in commodity exchanges, stock exchanges & depositories, power exchanges, petroleum refining by PSUs, courier services under
the government route has now been brought under the automatic route.
Removal of restriction in tea plantation sector.
FDI limit raised to 74% in credit information & 100% in asset reconstruction companies.
FDI limit of 26% in defence sector raised to 49% under Government approval route. Foreign Portfolio Investment up to 24%
permitted under automatic route. FDI beyond 49% is also allowed on a case to case basis with the approval of Cabinet Committee
on Security.
Construction, operation and maintenance of specified activities of Railway sector opened to 100% foreign direct investment under
automatic route.
SECTORS WITH CAPS
Petroleum Refining by PSU (49%).

Teleports (setting up of up-linking HUBs/Teleports), Direct to Home (DTH), Cable Networks (Multi-system operators (MSOs) operating
at national, state or district level and undertaking up gradation of networks towards digitalization and addressability), Mobile TV
and Headed-in-the-Sky Broadcasting Service (HITS) (74%).
Cable Networks (49%).
Broadcasting content services- FM Radio (26%), up linking of news and current affairs TV channels (26%).
Print Media dealing with news and current affairs (26%).
Air transport services- scheduled air transport (49%), non-scheduled air transport (74%).
Ground handling services Civil Aviation (74%).
Satellites- establishment and operation (74%).
Private security agencies (49%).
Private Sector Banking- Except branches or wholly owned subsidiaries (74%).
Public Sector Banking (20%).
Commodity exchanges (49%).
Credit information companies (74%).
Infrastructure companies in securities market (49%).
Insurance and sub-activities (49%).
Power exchanges (49%).
Defence (49% above 49% to CCS).
SECTORS REQUIRING CENTRAL GOVERNMENT APPROVAL
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Tea sector, including plantations 100%.

Mining and mineral separation of titanium-bearing minerals and ores, its value addition and integrated activities -100%.
FDI in enterprise manufacturing items reserved for small scale sector 100%.
Defence up to 49% under FIPB/CCEA approval, beyond 49% under CCS approval (on a case-to-case basis, wherever it is likely
to result in access to modern and state-of-the-art technology in the country).
Teleports (setting up of up-linking HUBs/Teleports), Direct to Home (DTH), Cable Networks (Multi-system operators operating at
National or State or District level and undertaking up gradation of networks towards digitalization and addressability), Mobile TV
and head end-in-the Sky Broadcasting Service(HITS) beyond 49% and up to 74%.
Broadcasting Content Services: up linking of news and current affairs channels 26%, up linking of non-news and current affairs TV
channels 100%.
Publishing/printing of scientific and technical magazines/specialty journals/periodicals 100%.
Print media: publishing of newspaper and periodicals dealing with news and current affairs- 26%, Publication of Indian editions of
foreign magazines dealing with news and current affairs- 26%.
Terrestrial Broadcasting FM (FM Radio) 26%.
Publication of facsimile edition of foreign newspaper 100%.
Airports brownfield beyond 74%.
Non-scheduled air transport service beyond 49% and up to 74%.
Ground-handling services beyond 49% and up to 74%.
Satellites 74%.
Private securities agencies 49%.
Telecom-beyond 49%.
Single brand retail beyond 49%.
Asset Reconstruction Company beyond 49% and up to 100%
Banking private sector (other than WOS/Branches) beyond 49% and up to 74%, public sector 20%.
Pharmaceuticals Brownfield 100%.
Disinvestment means to decrease the share of government in the industries. In 1996,
Disinvestment Commission was constituted to review, give suggestions and make regulations on the issue of disinvestment. Shri G.V.
Ramakrishna was the first Chairman of Disinvestment Commission. In the year 1992, National Renewal Fund was constituted for
rehabilitation of displaced labourers of sick industrial units affected due to industrial modernization, technological development etc.
Navratna is a company which is rising at world level. To encourage these companies, the government has given them complete autonomy.
11 such companies have been identified. In the second phase of economic reforms programme, the main aim is to eradicate poverty from
the country and development at the rate of 7 to 8%.
FISCAL POLICY
Fiscal Policy is the policy relating to public revenue and public expenditure and allied matters. Government spending policies that
influence macroeconomic conditions. These policies affect tax rates, interest rates and government spending, in an effort to control the
economy. Fiscal policy is the means by which a government adjusts its levels of spending in order to monitor and influence a nations
economy. Fiscal policy and monetary policy go hand in hand with each other. Both are interdependent on each other.
TAX SYSTEM
A compulsory contribution given by a citizen or organisation to the Government is called Tax, which is used for meeting expenses on
welfare work. Tax imposing and Tax collecting is at three levels in India Central level, State level and Local level. The distribution of
tax between Centre and State has been clearly mentioned in the provisions of Indian Constitution. For rationalising it from time to time,
Finance Commission has been constituted.
The tax system has been divided into two parts:
1. Tax by Central Government Custom Duty, Income Tax and Corporate Tax etc.
2. Tax by State Government the state government has right to collect all the taxes in this category and to spend them.
There are two types of taxes: 1. Direct Taxes, 2. Indirect Taxes
Direct Taxes - The taxes levied by the central government on incomes and wealth are important direct taxes. The important taxes
levied on incomes arecorporation tax and income tax. Taxes levied on wealth are wealth tax, gift tax etc.
Indirect Taxes The main forms of indirect taxes are customs and excise duties and sales tax. The central government is empowered
to levy customs and excise duties (except on alcoholic liquors and narcotics) whereas sales tax is the exclusive jurisdiction of the state
governments.
However, the union excise duties form the most significant part of central taxes. The major tax revenue sources for states are their shares
in union excise duties and income tax, commercial taxes, land revenue, stamp duty, registration fees, state excise duties on alcohol and
narcotics etc. Sales tax forms the most important component of commercial taxes.
A tax that takes away a higher proportion of ones income as the income rises is known as progressive tax. Indian
Income Tax is a progressive and direct tax.
recommended for lowering down the tax rates and reducing the tax slabs.
K.L. Rekhi Committee was constituted in 1992 for suggesting uniform regulations for indirect taxation (Custom Duty and Excise Duty).
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Finance Commission
Finance Commission is constituted by the President under Art 280 of the constitution. Since Independence, 13 Finance Commissions have
submitted their reports. 1st Finance Commission was constituted under chairmanship of Prof. K.C. Pant while 11th Finance Commission was
constituted under chairmanship of Prof. A. M. Khusro. The recommendations of 11th Finance Commission cover period 1st April, 2000 to
31st March, 2005.
Finance Commission
Year of Establishment
Chairman
Operational Duration
First
1951
K. C. Neogy
195257
Second
1956
K. Santhanam
195762
Third
1960
A. K. Chanda
196266
Fourth
1964
P. V. Rajamannar
196669
Fifth
1968
Mahaveer Tyagi
196974
Sixth
1972
K. Brahmananda Reddy
197479
Seventh
1977
J. M. Shelat
197984
Eighth
1983
Y. B. Chavan
198489
Ninth
1987
N. K. P. Salve
198995
Tenth
1992
K. C. Pant
19952000
Eleventh
1998
A.M.Khusro
20002005
Twelfth
Thirteenth
Fourteenth
2003
2007
2012
C. Rangarajan
Dr. Vijay, L. Kelkar
Dr. Y. V Reddy
20052010
20102015
20152020
IMPORTANT TAXES IMPOSED IN INDIA

1. Tax on Income and Wealth the central government impose different types of tax on income and wealth, viz, income tax,
corporate tax, wealth tax and gift tax. Out of them income tax and corporate tax are more important from the revenue point of view.
2. Personal Income Tax Personal income tax is generally imposed on an individual combined Hindu families and total income
of people of any other communities.
3. In addition to tax, separate surcharges are also imposed some times.
4. Agricultural income in India is free from income tax.

5. Corporate Tax Corporate Tax is imposed on Registered Companies and Corporations.
6. The rate of corporate tax on all companies is equal. However, various types of rebates and exemptions have been provided.
7. Custom Duties as per the Constitutional provisions, the central government imposes import duty and export duty both. Import
and Export duties are not only sources of income but with the help of it the central government regulates the foreign trade.
8. Import Duties generally import duties are ad-velorem in India. It means import duties are imposed on the taxable item on
percentage basis.
9. Export Duties Export Duties are more important, compared to Import Duties in terms of revenue and regulation of foreign
trade.
10. Excise Duties Excise duties are commodity tax as it is imposed on production of an item and it has no relevance with its sale.
This is the largest source of revenue for the Central Government.
11. Except liquor, opium and other drugs, production of all the other items is taxable under Central Excise Duties.
Types of Tax
Direct Tax
Indirect Tax
Taxes imposed by the Central Government
Taxes imposed by the State Government
Income Tax, Property Tax, Gift Tax etc.

Sales Tax, Excise Duty, Custom Duty etc.
Income Tax, Corporate Tax, Property Tax, Succession Tax, Wealth
Tax, Gift Tax, Custom Duty Tax on agricultural wealth etc.
Land revenue tax, Agricultural income tax, Agricultural Land
Revenue, State Excise Duty, Entertainment Tax, Stamp duty, Road
Tax, Motor Vehicle Tax etc.
BUDGET
The core of the budget is called the Annual financial statement. This is the main budget document. Under article 112 of the constitution, a
statement of estimated receipts and expenditure of the Govt. of India has to be laid before the parliament in respect of every financial
year running from April 1 to March 31 while under article 2.02 of the cost a statement of estimated receipts and expenditures of the
state Governments has to be laid before the house of the state legislature concerned. This statement shows the receipts and payments of
Govt. under the three parts in which Govt. accounts are kept:
(1) Consolidated Fund, (2) Contingency Fund and (3) Public Account.
The Annual Budget of the Central Government provides estimates of receipts and expenditures of the Government.
The Budget consists of two parts viz:
1. Revenue Budget
2. Capital Budget
Revenue Budgetall current receipts such as taxation, surplus of Public enterprises, and expenditures of the Government. Capital
BudgetAll Capital receipts and expenditure such as domestic and foreign loans, loan repayments, foreign aid etc.
Budget Preparation
Process Budget process is a massive exercise. The exercise has different stages and each stage kicks off at a different stage of Budget
making process. In this write-up we shall discuss finer points of Budget making process of Government of India.
The two sides of Budget Like our family budget, the General Budget has two major parts:
Revenue and Expenditure.
Assessing the revenues from different Central Taxes is the primary function of the Department of Revenue and the expenditure estimates
for the current and the next year for various expenditure heads are assessed by the Department of Expenditure. The Department of
Expenditure also assesses the resources of the Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).
The Budget Division is a part of the Department of Economic Affairs. Finance Secretary coordinates overall budget making process. All of
them keep the Finance Minister informed and seek directions from time to time. The Chief Economic Advisor assists the concerned
departmental officer in this process.
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Resources side
Leaving aside the tax receipts the other sources of the revenue which goes into the budget are the dividends paid by the PSUs on the
government shareholdings including the interim dividends and the capital receipts on account of the disinvestment of the government share
holdings. Besides external receipts on account borrowing from international agencies like World Bank, ADB etc., are also estimated and
included in the assessment of the gross budgetary resources of various programmes under various Ministries. Resources of the public sector
undertakings including their operating surplus and the borrowings by them also constitutes an important component of the gross budgetary
resources and goes to fund their plan. General policy is to fund the plans of the PSUs through their own resources except in some strategic
and economically vital areas where the budgetary support is provided based on the recommendations of the Planning Commission This
assessment of the Internal and External Budgetary Resources (IEBR) conducted by the Department of Expenditure forms part of the total
plan resources and is also reflected in the budget documents. To estimate the earnings of PSUs, the Government invites CMDs or the
Finance Directors of PSUs to North Block. A Joint Secretary level officer of the Ministry of Finance holds one to one meeting with the PSU
Chairman and estimates revenue. He passes on the information to Expenditure Secretary, who in turn, passes on the information to Finance
Secretary. This exercise starts usually in the month of August September. This revenue forms a part of plan expenditure. Now comes
role of the Ministries of the Government. Each Ministry has a Financial Advisor. The Financial Advisor is called by the Ministry of Finance
and asked about the expenditure of the amount allocated to his Ministry.
Generally, Ministries are not able to spend the allocated amount but some may overspend as well. Based on the inputs of different
ministries Revised Estimate (RE) is prepared. Revised Estimate means as to how much is actually required by the Ministry. As a part of the
Expenditure Management, Government has issued instructions to various Ministries to adhere to the quarterly expenditure schedule and
to avoid bunching of the expenditure in the last quarter. Additional funds are also provided in the RE stage. Important is the estimates of
the non-plan requirement for the next year. Plan allocations are to be provided by the Planning Commission later based on the total
Gross Budgetary Support (GBS) indicated by the Ministry of Finance. This exercise starts in the month of October December. As is known,
the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance has two Boards Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) and Central Board of Excise and
Customs (CBEC).
By mid-January, these Boards give the figure of tax collection up to December 31st. For remaining three months, tax collection is assumed
on the basis of previous trends. The Boards also estimate the tax revenue expected in next financial year. The integrity of the budget
making depends on the realistic nature of these estimates particularly in the face of the fiscal discipline imposed by the FRBM Act. It is a
happy development in the past two or three years the estimates are generally not very wide off the mark.
The Expenditure side

Parallel to all these, Planning Commission goes into stock taking mode. It starts meeting with individual Ministries in the month of SeptemberOctober and reviews ongoing schemes of the Ministries, considers allocation for them etc. It may decide to stop some ongoing scheme or
merge two similar schemes. Thus an estimate of Plan Budget is prepared. Planning Commission conveys to the Ministry of Finance that it
requires so many amounts to run planned schemes for next financial year. Finance Minister and the Deputy Chairman of Planning
Commission discuss the demand in detail. This way Plan Expenditure is ready. Different Ministries are also asked to tell about their fund
requirement, which forms a part of budget estimate. Side by side, Department of Economic Affairs is meeting the representatives of Trade
Unions, Industry Chambers, Economists and other groups. In budget making exercise, suggestions of different stakeholders are kept in
mind.
FM has to decide with his team by this time, Finance Minister is in a position to estimate as to how much it will get through taxes and how
much it has to spend in coming financial year. Finance Minister has other constraints also. He has to abide by FRBM Act and cut fiscal
deficit. Keeping in mind all these, the Finance Minister with his team decides whether some new taxes should be levied to collect more tax,
how to widen tax net in order to earn more revenue. While doing so the suggestions from various interest groups are duly taken into
account.
GDP assessment The Department of Expenditure and the Department of Economic Affairs sit to decide GDP assessment for next year.
Generally a nominal growth in GDP is projected. Actual growth in GDP is nominal growth of GDP reduced by inflation figure.
The Budget speech of FM Now comes the Budget speech. It is fine tuned to the last minute. Around 15th of February, some of the budget
documents are almost ready and goes for printing to a press located in North Block itself. Security Agencies cordons off the press and
entry is almost prohibited.
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Important Terms
Appropriation Bill: It is presented to Parliament for its approval, so that the government can withdraw from the Consolidated Fund the
amounts required for meeting the expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund. No amount can be withdrawn from the Consolidated
Fund till the Appropriation Bill is voted is enacted.
Capital Budget: It consists of capital receipts and payments. It also incorporates transactions in the Public Account. It has two components:
Capital Receipt and Capital Expenditure.
Capital Expenditure: It consists of payments for acquisition of assets like land, buildings, machinery, equipment, as also investments in
shares etc., and loans and advances granted by the Central government to state and union territory governments, government companies,
corporations and other parties.
Capital Receipt: The main items of capital receipts are loans raised by the government from public which are called market loans,
borrowings by the government from the Reserve Bank of India and other parties through sale of Treasury Bills, loans received from foreign
governments and bodies and recoveries of loans granted by the Central government to state and union territory governments and other
parties. It also includes proceeds from disinvestment of government equity in public enterprises. Central Plan: It consists of the governments
budget support to the Plan and the internal and extra budgetary resources raised by public enterprises.
Consolidated Fund: It is made up of all revenues received by the government, loans raised by it, and also its receipts from recoveries of
loans granted by it. All expenditure of the government is incurred from the Consolidated Fund and no amount can be withdrawn from the
Fund without authorisation from Parliament.
Contingency Fund: It is an imprest placed at the disposal of the President and is used by the government to incur all its urgent and
unforeseen expenditure. Parliamentary approval for such expenditure and for withdrawal of an equivalent amount from the Consolidated
Fund is subsequently obtained and the amount spent from the Contingency Fund is recouped to the Fund. Demands for Grants: It is a
statement of estimates of expenditure from the Consolidated Fund and is required to be voted by the Lok Sabha. Generally, one Demand
for Grant is presented in respect of each ministry or department.
Expenditure Budget: It contains expenditure estimates made for a scheme or programme under both revenue and capital heads. These
estimates are brought together and shown on a net basis at one place by major heads.
Finance Bill: This contains the governments proposals for levy of new taxes, modification of the existing tax structure or continuance of
the existing tax structure beyond the period approved by Parliament. It is submitted to Parliament along with the Budget for its approval.
Fiscal Deficit: It is the difference between the revenue receipts plus certain no debt capital receipts and the total expenditure including
loans (net of repayments). This indicates the total borrowing requirements of the government from all sources.
Fiscal Deficit = Revenue Receipts (net tax revenue + non-tax revenue) Capital Receipts (only recoveries of loans and other receipts)
Total Expenditure (plan and non-plan)
Non-Plan Expenditure: It includes both revenue and capital expenditure on interest payments, the entire defence expenditure (both
revenue and capital expenditure), subsidies, postal deficit, police, pensions, and economic services, loans to public enterprises and loans
as well as grants to state governments, union territory governments and foreign governments.
Plan Expenditure: It includes both revenue and capital expenditure of the government on the Central Plan, Central assistance to state
and union territory plans. It forms a sizeable proportion of the total expenditure of the Central government.
Public Account: It is an account in which money received through transactions not relating to the Consolidated Fund is kept. Besides the
normal receipts and expenditure of the government relating to the Consolidated Fund, certain other transactions enter government accounts
in respect of which the government acts more as a banker, for example, transactions relating to provident funds, small savings collections,
other deposits etc. Such money is kept in the Public Account and the connected disbursements are also made from it. Public Account funds
do not belong to the government and have to be paid back some time or the other to the persons and authorities who deposited them.
Parliamentary authorisation for payments from the Public Account is not required.
Revenue Budget: It consists of the revenue receipts of the government (which is Comment tax revenues plus other revenues) and the
expenditure met from these revenue It has two components: Revenue Receipt and Revenue Expenditure.
Revenue Deficit: It refers to the excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts. Revenue Expenditure: It is meant for the normal
running of government departments and various services, interest charges on debt incurred by the government and subsidies. Broadly
speaking, expenditure which does not result in creation of assets is treated as revenue expenditure. All grants given to state governments
and other parties are also treated as revenue expenditure even though some of the grants may be for creation of assets.
Revenue Deficit = Total Revenue Expenditure Total Revenue Receipts or = Non-plan Expenditure + Plan Expenditure (net tax
revenue + non tax revenue)
Revenue Receipt: It includes proceeds of taxes and other duties levied by the Centre, interest and dividend on investments made by the
government, fees and other receipts for services rendered by the government.
BALANCE SHEET (OVERVIEW)

The balance sheet is split into two parts:
(1) A statement of fixed assets, current assets and the liabilities (sometimes referred to as "Net Assets")
(2) A statement showing how the Net Assets have been financed, for example through share capital and retained profits.
The Companies Act requires the balance sheet to be included in the published financial accounts of all limited companies. In reality, all
other organisations that need to prepare accounting information for external users (e.g. charities, clubs, and partnerships) will also product
a balance sheet since it is an important statement of the financial affairs of the organisation.
A balance sheet does not necessary "value" a company, since assets and liabilities are shown at "historical cost" and some intangible
assets (e.g. brands, quality of management, market leadership) are not included.
Asset:
An asset is any right or thing that is owned by a business. Assets include land, buildings, equipment and anything else a business owns that
can be given a value in money terms for the purpose of financial reporting.
Liabilities:
To acquire its assets, a business may have to obtain money from various sources in addition to its owners (shareholders) or from retained
profits. The various amounts of money owed by a business are called its liabilities.
Long-term and Current
To provide additional information to the user, assets and liabilities are usually classified in the balance sheet as: Current: Those due to
be repaid or converted into cash within 12 months of the balance sheet date Long-term: Those due to be repaid or converted into cash
more than 12 months after the balance sheet date
Fixed Assets
Further classification other than long-term or current is also used for assets. A "fixed asset" is an asset which is intended to be of a
permanent nature and which is used by the business to provide the capability to conduct its trade.
Example: "tangible fixed assets" include plant & machinery, land & buildings and motor vehicles. "Intangible fixed assets" may include
goodwill, patents, trademarks and brands - although they may only be included if they have been "acquired Investments in other
companies which are intended to be held for the long-term can also be shown under the fixed asset heading.
Capital
As well as borrowing from banks and other sources, all companies receive finance from their owners. This money is generally available
for the life of the business and is normally only repaid when the company is "wound up". To distinguish between the liabilities owed to
third parties and to the business owners, the latter is referred to as the "capital" or "equity capital" of the company. In addition,
undistributed profits are re-invested in company assets (such as stocks, equipment and the bank balance). Although these "retained profits"
may be available for distribution to shareholders - and may be paid out as dividends as a future date - they are added to the equity
capital of the business in arriving at the total "equity shareholders' funds". At any time, therefore, the capital of a business is equal to the
assets (usually cash) received from the shareholders plus any profits made by the company through trading that remain undistributed.
UNION BUDGET 2015-16

Introduction
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Credibility of Indian economy has been re-established in the last nine months.
Indian economy about to take-off on a fast growth trajectory.
Most growth forecasts have upgraded Indian economic growth while downgrading global economic growth.
Economically empowered States are equal partners to Indian economic growth.
Round the clock, round the year Government to pursue accelerated growth, enhanced investment for the benefit of all Indians.
After inheriting an economy with sentiments of doom and gloom with adverse macroeconomic indicators, nine months have seen at
turn around, making India fastest growing large economy in the World with a real GDP growth expected to be 7.4% (New Series).
Stock market - Second best performing in 2014.
Macro-economic stability and conditions for sustainable poverty alleviation, job creation and durable double digit economic growth
have been achieved.
Restored the trust of the people on the Government by delivering on different areas.
Three Key achievements:

Financial Inclusion - 12.5 crores families financially mainstreamed in 100 days.
Transparent Coal Block auctions to augment resources of the States.

Swachh Bharat is not only a programme to improve hygiene and cleanliness but has become a movement to regenerate India.
Game changing reforms on the anvil:

Goods and Service Tax (GST)
Jan Dhan, Aadhar and Mobile (JAM) - for direct benefit transfer.
State of Economy
Inflation
Inflation declined - a structural shift

CPI inflation projected at 5% by the end of the year, consequently, easing of monetary policy.
Monetary Policy Framework Agreement with RBI, to keep inflation below 6%.
GDP growth in 2015-16, projected to be between 8 to 8.5%.
Amrut Mahotsav
The year 2022, 75th year of Independence Vision for Team India led by PM
Housing for all - 2 crore houses in Urban areas and 4 crore houses in Rural areas.
Basic facility of 24x7 power, clean drinking water, a toilet and road connectivity.
At least one member has access to means for livelihood.
Substantial reduction in poverty.
Electrification of the remaining 20,000 villages including off-grid Solar Power- by 2020.
Connecting each of the 1,78,000 un-connected habitation.
Providing medical services in each village and city.
Ensure a Senior Secondary School within 5 km reach of every child, while improving quality of education and learning outcomes.
To strengthen rural economy - increase irrigated area, improve the efficiency of existing irrigation systems, and ensure value addition
and reasonable price for farm produce.
Ensure communication connectivity to all villages.
To make India, the manufacturing hub of the World through Skill India and the Make in India Programmes.
Encourage and grow the spirit of entrepreneurship - to turn youth into job creators.
Development of Eastern and North Eastern regions on par with the rest of the country.
Major Challenge Ahead
Five major challenges: Agricultural income under stress, increasing investment in infrastructure, decline in manufacturing, resource
crunch in view of higher devolution in taxes to states, maintaining fiscal discipline.
To meet these challenges public sector needs to step in to catalyse investment, make in india programme to create jobs in
manufacturing, continue support to programmes with important national priorities such as agriculture, education, health, MGNREGA,
rural infrastructure including roads.
Challenge of maintaining fiscal deficit of 4.1% of GDP met in 2014-15, despite lower nominal GDP growth due to lower inflation
and consequent sub-due tax buoyancy.
Fiscal Roadmap
Government firm on journey to achieve fiscal target of 3% of GDP.

Realistic figures shown in fiscal account without showing exaggerated revenue projections.
With improved economy, pressure to accelerate fiscal consolidation too has decreased.
Accordingly, journey for fiscal deficit target of 3% will be achieved in 3 years rather than 2 years. The fiscal deficit targets are
3.9%, 3.5% and 3.0% in FY 2015-16, 2016-17 & 2017-18 respectively.
Additional fiscal space will go to funding infrastructure investment.
Need to view public finances from a National perspective and not just the perspective of the Central Government. Aggregate public
expenditure of the Governments, as a whole can be expected to rise substantially.
Disinvestment to include both disinvestment in loss making units, and some strategic disinvestment.
Good Governance
Need to cut subsidy leakages, not subsidies themselves. To achieve this,Government committed to the process of rationalizing
subsidies.
Direct Transfer of Benefits to be extended further with a view to increase the number of beneficiaries from 1 crore to 10.3 crore.
Agriculture
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Major steps take to address the two major factors critical to agricultural production, that of soil and water.
Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana to be fully supported.
Pradhanmantri Gram Sinchai Yojana to provide Per Drop More Crop.
Rs. 5,300 crore to support micro-irrigation, watershed development and the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana. States urged to
chip in.
Rs. 25,000 crore in 2015-16 to the corpus of Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) set up in NABARD; Rs.15,000 crore for
Long Term Rural Credit Fund; Rs.45,000 crore for Short Term Cooperative Rural Credit Refinance Fund; and Rs.15,000 crore for
Short Term RRB Refinance Fund.
Target of Rs. 8.5 lakh crore of agricultural credit during the year 2015-16.
Focus on improving the quality and effectiveness of activities under MGNREGA.
Need to create a National Agriculture Market for the benefit farmers, which will also have the incidental benefit of moderating price
rises. Government to work with the States, in NITI, for the creation of a Unified National Agriculture Market.
Funding the Unfunded
Micro Units Development Refinance Agency (MUDRA) Bank, with a corpus of Rs. 20,000 crores, and credit guarantee corpus of Rs.
3,000 crores to be created.
In lending, priority will be given to SC/ST enterprises.
MUDRA Bank will be responsible for refinancing all Microfinance Institutions which are in the business of lending to such small entities
of business through a Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana.
A Trade Receivables discounting System (TReDS) which will be an electronic platform for facilitating financing of trade receivables
of MSMEs to be established.
Comprehensive Bankruptcy Code of global standards to be brought in fiscal 2015-16 towards ease of doing business.
Postal network with 1,54,000 points of presence spread across villages to be used for increasing access of the people to the formal
financial system.
NBFCs registered with RBI and having asset size of Rs. 500 crore and above may be considered for notifications as Financial
Institution in terms of the SARFAESI Act, 2002.
From Jan Dhan to jan Suraksha
Government to work towards creating a functional social security system for all Indians, specially the poor and the underprivileged.
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojna to cover accidental death risk of Rs. 2 Lakh for a premium of just Rs. 12 per year.
Atal Pension Yojana to provide a defined pension, depending on the contribution and the period of contribution. Government to
contribute 50% of the beneficiaries premium limited to Rs. 1,000 each year, for five years, in the new accounts opened before 31st
December 2015.
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana to cover both natural and accidental death risk of Rs. 2 lakh at premium of Rs. 330 per
year for the age group of 18-50.
A new scheme for providing Physical Aids and Assisted Living Devices for senior citizens, living below the poeverty line.
Unclaimed deposits of about Rs. 3,000 crores in the PPF, and approximately Rs. 6,000 crores in the EPF corpus. The amounts to be
appropriated to a corpus, which will be used to subsidize the premiums on these social security schemes through creation of a Senior
Citizen Welfare Fund in the Finance Bill.
Government committed to the on-going schemes for welfare of SCs, STs and Women.
Infrastructure
Sharp increase in outlays of roads and railways. Capital expenditure of public sector units to also go up.
National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF), to be established with an annual flow of Rs. 20,000 crores to it.
Tax free infrastructure bonds for the projects in the rail, road and irrigation sectors.
PPP mode of infrastructure development to be revisited and revitalised.
Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) to be established in NITI to provide Innovation
Promotion Platform involving academicians, and drawing upon national and international
Experiences to foster a culture of innovation, research and development. A sum of Rs.150 crore will be earmarked.
Concerns of IT industries for a more liberal system of raising global capital, incubation facilities in our Centres of Excellence, funding
for seed capital and growth, and ease of Doing Business etc. would be addressed for creating hundreds of billion dollars in value.
(SETU) Self-Employment and Talent Utilization) to be established as Techno-financial, incubation and facilitation programme to
support all aspects of start-up business. Rs. 1000 crore to be set aside as initial amount in NITI.
Ports in public sector will be encouraged, to corporatize, and become companies under the Companies Act to attract investment and
leverage the huge land resources.
An expert committee to examine the possibility and prepare a draft legislation where the need for multiple prior permission can be
replaced by a pre-existing regulatory mechanism. This will facilitate India becoming an investment destination.
5 new Ultra Mega Power Projects, each of 4000 MW, in the Plugand-Play mode.
Financial Market
Public Debt Management Agency (PDMA) bringing both external and domestic borrowings under one roof to be set up this year.
Enabling legislation, amending the Government Securities Act and the RBI Act included in the Finance Bill, 2015.
Forward Markets commission to be merged with SEBI.
Section-6 of FEMA to be amended through Finance Bill to provide control on capital flows as equity will be exercised by Government
in consultation with RBI.
Proposal to create a Task Force to establish sector-neutral financial redressal agency that will address grievance against all financial
service providers.
India Financial Code to be introduced soon in Parliament for consideration.
Vision of putting in place a direct tax regime, which is internationally competitive on rates, without exemptions.
Government to bring enabling legislation to allow employee to opt for EPF or New Pension Scheme. For employees below a certain
threshold of monthly income, contribution to EPF to be option, without affecting employees contribution.
Monesting Gold
Gold monetisation scheme to allow the depositors of gold to earn interest in their metal accounts and the jewellers to obtain loans in
their metal account to be introduced.
Sovereign Gold Bond, as an alternative to purchasing metal gold scheme to be developed.
Commence work on developing an Indian gold coin, which will carry the Ashok Chakra on its face.
Investment
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Foreign investments in Alternate Investment Funds to be allowed.

Distinction between different types of foreign investments, especially between foreign portfolio investments and foreign direct
investments to be done away with. Replacement with composite caps.
A project development company to facilitate setting up manufacturing hubs in CMLV countries, namely, Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos
and Vietnam.
Safe India
Rs.1000 crores to the Nirbhaya Fund.
Resources to be provided to start work along landscape restoration, signage and interpretation centres, parking, access for the
differently abled , visitors amenities, including securities and toilets, illumination and plans for benefiting communities around them
at various heritage sites.
Visas on arrival to be increased to 150 countries in stages.
Tourism
Green India
Target of renewable energy capacity revised to 175000 MW till 2022, comprising 100000 MW Solar, 60000 MW Wind, 10000
MW Biomass and 5000 MW Small Hydro.
A need for procurement law to contain malfeasance in public procurement.
Proposal to introduce a public Contracts (resolution of disputes) Bill to streamline the institutional arrangements for resolution of such
disputes.
Proposal to introduce a regulatory reform Bill that will bring about a cogency of approach across various sectors of infrastructure.
Skill India
Less than 5% of our potential work force gets formal skill training to be employable. A national skill mission to consolidate skill
initiatives spread accross several ministries to be launched.
Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gramin Kaushal Yojana to enhance the employability of rural youth.
A Committee for 100th birth celebration of Shri Deen Dayalji Upadhyay to be announced soon.
A student Financial Aid Authority to administer and monitor the front-end all scholarship as well Educational Loan Schemes, through
the Pradhan Mantri Vidya Lakshmi Karyakram.
An IIT to be set up in Karnataka and Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad to be upgraded in to a full-fledged IIT.
New All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS) to be set up in J&K, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh and Assam. Another
AIIMS like institutions to be set up in Bihar.
A post graduate institute of Horticulture Research & Education is to be set up in Amritsar.
3 new National Institute of Pharmaceuticals Education and Research in Maharashtra , Rajasthan & Chattisgarh and one institute of
Science and Education Research is to be set up in Nagaland & Orissa each.
An autonomous Bank Board Bureau to be set up to improve the governance of public sector bank.
The National Optical Fibre Network Programme (NOFNP) to be further speeded up by allowing willing states to execute on
reimbursement of cost basis.
Special assistance to Bihar & West Bengal to be provided as in the case of Andhra Pradesh.
Government is committed to comply with all the legal commitments made to AP & Telengana at the time of their reorganisation.
Inspite of large increase in devolution to state sufficient fund allocated to education, health, rural development, housing, urban
development, women and child development, water resources & cleaning of Ganga.
Part of Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC); AhmedabadDhaulera Investment region and Shendra-Bidkin Industrial Park are
now in a position to start work on basic infrastructure.
Made in India and the Buy and the make in India policy are being carefully pursued to achieve greater self-sufficiency in the area
of defence equipment including air-craft.
The first phase of GIFT to become a reality very soon. Appropriate regulations to be issued in March.
Non-Plan expenditure estimates for the Financial Year are estimated at Rs.13,12,200 crore.
Plan expenditure is estimated to be Rs.4,65,277 crore, which is very near to the R.E. of 2014-15.
Total Expenditure has accordingly been estimated at Rs. 17,77,477 crore.
The requirements for expenditure on Defence, Internal Security and other necessary expenditures are adequately provided.
Gross Tax receipts are estimated to be Rs. 14,49,490 crore.
Devolution to the States is estimated to be Rs. 5,23,958.
Share of Central Government will be Rs. 9,19,842.
Non Tax Revenues for the next fiscal are estimated to be Rs. 2,21,733 crore.
Fiscal deficit will be 3.9 per cent of GDP and Revenue Deficit will be 2.8 per cent of GDP.
Objective of stable taxation policy and a non-adversarial tax administration.

Fight against the scourge of black money to be taken forward.
Efforts on various fronts to implement GST from next year.
No change in rate of personal income tax.
Proposal to reduce corporate tax from 30% to 25% over the next four years, starting from next financial year.
Rationalisation and removal of various tax exemptions and incentives to reduce tax disputes and improve administration.
Exemption to individual tax payers to continue to facilitate savings. Broad themes :
Measures to curb black money;
Job creation through revival of growth and investment and promotion of domestic manufacturing Make in India ;
Improve ease of doing business - Minimum Government and maximum governance;
Improve quality of life and public health Swachh Bharat;
Benefit to middle class tax-payers; and
Stand alone proposals to maximise benefit to the economy.
Generation of black money and its concealment to be dealt with effectively and forcefully.
Investigation into cases of undisclosed foreign assets has been given highest priority in the last nine months.
Budget Estimates
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Tax Proposal
Black Money
Major breakthrough with Swiss authorities, who have agreed to: o Provide information in respect of cases independently investigated
by IT department;
a. Confirm genuineness of bank accounts and provide non-banking information;
b. Provide such information in time-bound manner; and
c. Commence talks for automatic exchange of information.
New structure of electronic filing of statements by reporting entities to ensure seamless integration of data for more effective
enforcement.
Bill for a comprehensive new law to deal with black money parked abroad to be introduced in the current session.
Key features of new law on black money
a. Evasion of tax in relation to foreign assets to have a punishment of rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years, be noncompoundable, have a penalty rate of 300% and the offender will not be permitted to approach the Settlement
Commission.
b. Non-filing of return/filing of return with inadequate disclosures to have a punishment of rigorous imprisonment up to 7
years.
c. Undisclosed income from any foreign assets to be taxable at the maximum marginal rate.
d. Mandatory filing of return in respect of foreign asset.
e. Entities, banks, financial institutions including individuals all liable for prosecution and penalty.
f. Concealment of income/evasion of income in relation to a foreign asset to be made a predicate offence under PML Act,
2002.
g. PML Act, 2002 and FEMA to be amended to enable administration of new Act on black money.
h. Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Bill to curb domestic black money to be introduced in the current session of Parliament.
i.
Acceptance or re-payment of an advance of ` 20,000 or more in cash for purchase of immovable property to be
prohibited.
j.
PAN being made mandatory for any purchase or sale exceeding Rupees 1 lakh.
k. Third party reporting entities would be required to furnish information about foreign currency sales and cross border
transactions.
l.
Provision to tackle splitting of reportable transactions.
m. Leverage of technology by CBDT and CBEC to access information from eithers data bases.
Make in India
Revival of growth and investment and promotion of domestic manufacturing for job creation.
Tax pass through to be allowed to both category I and category II alternative investment funds.
Rationalisation of capital gains regime for the sponsors exiting at the time of listing of the units of REITs and InvITs.
Rental income of REITs from their own assets to have pass through facility.
Permanent Establishment (PE) norm to be modified to encourage fund managers to relocate to India.
General Anti Avoidance Rule (GAAR) to be deferred by two years.
GAAR to apply to investments made on or after 01.04.2017, when implemented.
Additional investment allowance (@ 15%) and additional depreciation (@35%) to new manufacturing units set up during the period
01-04-2015 to 31-03-2020 in notified backward areas of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
Rate of Income-tax on royalty and fees for technical services reduced from 25% to 10% to facilitate technology inflow.
Benefit of deduction for employment of new regular workmen to all business entities and eligibility threshold reduced.
Basic Custom duty on certain inputs, raw materials, inter mediates and components in 22 items, reduced to minimise the impact of
duty inversion.
All goods, except populated printed circuit boards for use in manufacture of ITA bound items, exempted from SAD.
SAD reduced on import of certain inputs and raw materials.
Excise duty on chassis for ambulance reduced from 24% to 12.5%.
Balance of 50% of additional depreciation @ 20% for new plant and machinery.
Installed and used for less than six months by a manufacturing unit or a unit engaged in generation and distribution of power is to
be allowed immediately in the next year.
Minimum Governement Maximum Governance
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43
Simplification of tax procedures.

Monetary limit for a case to be heard by a single member bench of ITAT increase from Rs. 5 lakh to Rs. 15 lakh.
Penalty provision in indirect taxes are being rationalised to encourage compliance and early dispute resolution.
Central excise/Service tax assesses to be allowed to use digitally signed invoices and maintain record electronically.
Wealth-tax replaced with additional surcharge of 2 per cent on super rich with a taxable income of over Rs. 1 crore annually.
Provision of indirect transfers in the Income-tax Act suitably cleaned up.
Applicability of indirect transfer provisions to dividends paid by foreign companies to their shareholders to be addressed through a
clarificatory circular.
Domestic transfer pricing threshold limit increased from Rs. 5 crore to Rs. 20 crore. MAT rationalised for FIIs and members of an AOP.
Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC) recommendations to be appropriately implemented during the course of the year.
Education cess and the Secondary and Higher education cess to be subsumed in Central Excise Duty.
Specific rates of central excise duty in case of certain other commodities revised.
Excise levy on cigarettes and the compounded levy scheme applicable to pan masala, gutkha and other tobacco products also
changed.
Excise duty on footwear with leather uppers and having retail price of more than Rs. 1000 per pair reduced to 6%. Online central
excise and service tax registration to be done in two working days.
Time limit for taking CENVAT credit on inputs and input services increased from 6 months to 1 year.
Service-tax plus education cesses increased from 12.36% to 14% to facilitate transition to GST.
Donation made to National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse (NFCDA) to be eligible for 100% deduction u/s 80G of Income-tax Act.
Seized cash can be adjusted towards assesses tax liability.
Swachh Bharat
100% deduction for contributions, other than by way of CSR contribution, to Swachh Bharat Kosh and Clean Ganga Fund.
Clean energy cess increased from Rs. 100 to Rs. 200 per metric tonne of coal, etc. to finance clean environment initiatives.
Excise duty on sacks and bags of polymers of ethylene other than for industrial use increased from 12% to 15%.
Enabling provision to levy Swachh Bharat cess at a rate of 2% or less on all or certain services, if need arises. Services by common
affluent treatment plant exempt from Service-tax.
Concessions on custom and excise duty available to electrically operated vehicles and hybrid vehicles extended upto 31.03.2016.
Benefits to middle class tax-payers
Limit of deduction of health insurance premium increased from Rs.15000 to Rs. 25000, for senior citizens limit increased from Rs.
20000 to Rs. 30000.
Senior citizens above the age of 80 years, who are not covered by health insurance, to be allowed deduction of Rs. 30000 towards
medical expenditures.
Deduction limit of Rs. 60000 with respect to specified decease of serious nature enhanced to Rs. 80000 in case of senior citizen.
Additional deduction of Rs.25000 allowed for differently abled persons. Limit on deduction on account of contribution to a pension
fund and the new pension scheme increased from Rs. 1 lakh to Rs. 1.5 lakh.
Additional deduction of Rs. 50000 for contribution to the new pension scheme u/s 80CCD.
Payments to the beneficiaries including interest payment on deposit in Sukanya Samriddhi scheme to be fully exempt.
Service-tax exemption on Varishtha Bima Yojana.
Concession to individual tax-payers despite inadequate fiscal space. Lot to look forward to as fiscal capacity improves.
Conversion of existing excises duty on petrol and diesel to the extent of Rs. 4 per litre into Road Cess to fund investment.
Service Tax exemption extended to certain pre cold storage services in relation to fruits and vegetables so as to incentivise value
addition in crucial sector.
Negative List under service-tax is being slightly pruned to widen the tax base.
Yoga to be included within the ambit of charitable purpose under Section 2(15) of the Income-tax Act.
To mitigate the problem being faced by many genuine charitable institutions, it is proposed to modify the ceiling on receipts from
activities in the nature of trade, commerce or business to 20% of the total receipts from the existing ceiling of Rs. 25 lakh.
Most provisions of Direct Taxes Code have already been included in the Income-tax Act, therefore, no great merit in going ahead
with the Direct Taxes Code as it exists today.
Direct tax proposals to result in revenue loss of Rs. 8315 crore, whereas the proposals in indirect taxes are expected to yield Rs.
23383 crore.
Thus, the net impact of all tax proposals would be revenue gain of Rs. 15068 crore.
Other
Increase in basic custom duty:

Metallurgical coke from 2.5 % to 5%.
Tariff rate on iron and steel and articles of iron and steel increased from 10% to 15%.
Tariff rate on commercial vehicle increased from 10 % to 40%.
Basic custom duty on digital still image video camera with certain specification reduced to nil.
Excise duty on rails for manufacture of railway or tram way track construction material exempted retrospectively from 17-032012
to 02- 02-2014, if not CENVAT credit of duty paid on such rails is availed.
Service-tax to be levied on service provided by way of access to amusement facility, entertainment events or concerts, pageants,
non-recognised sporting events etc.
Service-tax exemption
Services of pre-conditioning, pre-cooling, ripening etc. of fruits and vegetables.

Life insurance service provided by way of Varishtha Pension Bima Yojana.
All ambulance services provided to patients.
Admission to museum, zoo, national park, wile life sanctuary and tiger reserve.
Transport of goods for export by road from factory to land customs station.
Enabling provision made to exclude all services provided by the Government or local authority to a business entity from the negative
list.
Service-tax exemption to construction, erection, commissioning or installation of original works pertaining to an airport or port
withdrawn.
Transportation of agricultural produce to remain exempt from Service-tax.
Artificial heart exempt from basic custom duty of 5% and CVD.
Excise duty exemption for captively consumed intermediate compound coming into existence during the manufacture of agarbathi
RAIL BUDGET 2015-16
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Thrust
IR to become prime mover of economy once again

Resource Mobilization for higher Investments
Decongestion of heavy haul routes and speeding up of trains: emphasis on gauge conversion, doubling, tripling and electrification
Project delivery
Passenger Amenities.
Safety
Transparency & System Improvement.
Railways to continue to be the preferred mode of transport for the masses.
Sustainability
To deliver a sustained and measurable improvement in customer experience.
Four goals for Indian Railways to transform over next five years
To make Rail a safer means of travel.

To expand Bhartiya Rails capacity substantially and modernise infrastructure. Increase daily passenger carrying capacity from
21million to 30 million: increase track length by 20% from 1,14,000 km to 1,38,000 km, grow our annual freight carrying capacity
from 1 billion to 1.5 billion tonnes.
Finally, to make Bhartiya Rail financially self-sustainable. Generate large surpluses from operations not only to service the debt
needed to fund our capacity expansion, but also to invest on an ongoing basis to replace our depreciating assets
Execution strategy to have five drivers

Adopting a medium-term perspective
Railway Budget part of trilogy of documents viz. the White Paper placed today, Budget 2015-16 & a Vision-2030 document which will
follow. Budget proposals to mark beginning of a Five Year Action Plan to transform the Railways.
PROPOSED INVESTMENT PLAN (2015-2019)

Item
Network Decongestion (including DFC, Electrification, Doubling including electrification and traffic
facilities)
Network Expansion (including electrification)
National Projects (North Eastern & Kashmir connectivity projects)
Safety (Track renewal, bridge works, ROB, RUB and Signalling & Telecom)
Information Technology / Research
Rolling Stock (Locomotives, coaches, wagons production & maintenance)
Passenger Amenities
High Speed Rail & Elevated corridor
Station redevelopment and logistic parks
Others
TOTAL
Amount (Rs in
crore)
199320
193000
39000
127000
5000
102000
12500
65000
100000
13200
8,56,020
Building Partnerships
This will require partnering with key stakeholders: States, PSUs, partner with multilateral and bi-lateral organizations & other governments
to gain access to long term financing and technology from overseas, the private sector to improve last mile connectivity, expand fleet of
rolling stock and modernize our station infrastructure.
Leveraging additional resources

IR envisages investment of Rs. 8.5 lakh crore in next five years to be mobilized from multiple sources to cater to funding i.e. multilateral
development banks, pension funds.
Revamping management practices, systems, processes, and retooling of HR
Targeted operating ratio for 2015-16 at 88.5% against 91.8%in 2014-15: best in the last 9 years.
IR to speed up decision making, tighten accountability, improve management information systems: training and development of human
resource.
To set standards for Governance and Transparency
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Eleven major thrust areas of Action Plan

Cleanliness: Swachh Rail Swachh Bharat, new department for cleanliness, integrated cleaning by engaging professional agencies and
training our staff, waste to energy conversion plants, new toilets covering 650 additional stations compared to 120 stations last year.
Bio-toilets.
Bed linen: NIFT to design; online booking of disposable bed rolls:
Help-line: 24X7 helpline number 138; toll-free number 182 for security related complaints.
Ticketing: operation five minutes for issuing unreserved tickets, hot buttons, coin vending machines, single destination teller, concessional
e-tickets for differently abled travellers, developing a multi-lingual e-portal, crediting of refunds through banks, unreserved tickets on
Smart phones, proliferation of automatic ticket vending machines with smart cards and currency options, integrated ticketing system on
the lines of rail-cum-road tickets, Defence Travel System developed for elimination of Warrants .
Catering: e-catering to select meals from an array of choices. Ordering food through IRCTC website at the time of booking of tickets;
integrating best food chains into this project; setting up of Base Kitchens in specified Divisions to be run by reputed agencies for serving
quality food; expansion of water vending machines.
Leveraging technology: Hand-held terminals to Travelling Ticket Examiners (TTEs) for verification of passengers and downloading
charts; possibility of extending facility of SMS on mobiles as a valid proof of travel for PRS tickets; integrated customer portal as a single
interface to access different services; Introduction of a centrally managed Railway Display Network in over 2000 stations in next two
years; SMS Alert service to inform passengers in advance of the updated arrival/departure time of trains at starting or destination
stations.
Surveillance: surveillance cameras provided on a pilot basis in selected mainline coaches and ladies compartments of suburban coaches
without intruding into privacy.
Entertainment: project for introducing on-board entertainment on select Shatabdi trains on license fee basis launched; Mobile phone
charging facilities to be provided in general class coaches & increased in sleeper class coaches.
Station facilities: 200 more stations to come under Adarsh Station scheme; Wi - Fi to be provided at B category stations ; facility of
self-operated lockers to be made available at stations; provision of concierge services through IRCTC at major stations; online booking of
wheel chair on payment basis for senior citizens, patients and the differently-abled passengers through IRCTC on select stations.
Train capacity: capacity in identified trains be augmented to run with 26 coaches; more General class coaches be added in identified
trains;
Comfortable travel: NID approached to design user friendly ladders for climbing upper berths; increasing quota of lower berths for
senior citizens; TTEs be instructed to help senior citizens, pregnant women and differently abled persons in obtaining lower berths; middle
bay of coaches to be reserved for women and senior citizen; NID to develop ergonomically designed seats; introduction of train sets;
Provision of Rs. 120 crore for Lifts and escalator which is 76% higher; newly manufactured coaches will be Braille enabled; building wider
entrances for the ease of differently-abled passengers; allocation for passenger amenities up by 67% Y-O-Y. Corporate houses & MPs
to be requested to invest in improving passenger amenities at Railway stations through CSR & MPLAD funds; Divisional Committees in each
Railway to be chaired by Members of Parliament.
Station Redevelopment Station redevelopment policy to be revamped and processes simplified by inviting open bids; present stations
be available for development on as is where is basis, to exploit the space and air rights on concession basis; Zonal and Divisional offices
be empowered for quicker decision making; Land will not be sold; Development of 10 Satellite Railway terminals in major cities with twin
purpose of decongesting the city and providing service to n suburban passengers.
Capacity Augmentation
Network expansion
Decongesting networks with basket of traffic generating projects priority; priority to last mile connectivity projects ; fast track
sanctioned works on 7,000 kms of double/third/fourth lines and commission 1200 km in 201516 at an investment of Rs. 8686 crore,
84% higher Y-O-Y.
Commissioning 800 km of gauge conversion targeted in current fiscal.
77 projects covering 9,400 km of doubling/tripling/quadrupling works along with electrification, covering almost all States, at a
cost of Rs. 96,182 crore which is over 2700% higher in terms of amount sanctioned.
Traffic facility works a top priority with outlay of Rs. 2374 crore.
In the North East States, Meghalaya brought on the Railway map of India and direct connectivity to Delhi provided. Barak Valley to
be connected on BG.
Award of 750 km of civil contracts and 1300 km of system contracts in 2015-16 on Dedicated Freight Corridor; 55 km section of
Eastern DFC to be completed in the current year. Preliminary Engineering cum Traffic Survey (PETS) for four other DFCs in progress.
Acceleration of pace of Railway electrification: 6,608 route kilometres sanctioned for 2015-16, an increase of 1330% over the
previous year.
Acceleration of pace of Railway electrification: 6,608 route kilometres sanctioned for 2015-16, an increase of 1330% over the previous
year.
Expansion of freight handling capacity
Transport Logistics Corporation of India (TRANSLOC), to be set up for developing common user facilities with handling and valueadded services to provide end-to-end logistics solution at select Railway terminals through Public Private Partnerships.
For the benefit of our farmers, a state of the art Perishable Cargo Centre under completion at the Azadpur Mandi with a scientific
banana-ripening Centre; air cargo sector to be developed to facilitate and integrate the movement of air cargo between ICDs and
the gateway airports.
Policy for Private Freight Terminals (PFT) to be revised.
Automatic Freight Rebate Scheme for traffic to be expanded.
Long haul freight operations to be used extensively; construction of long loop lines to be expedited. Distributed power system for
multi-loco haulage to be accelerated.
Improving train speed
Speed of 9 railway corridors to be increased from existing 110 and 130 kmph to 160 and 200 kmph respectively so that intermetro
journeys like Delhi-Kolkata and Delhi-Mumbai can be completed overnight.
Average speed of freight trains in empty and loaded conditions, will be enhanced to 100 kmph for empty freight trains and 75
kmph for loaded trains; loading density on all major freight bearing routes to be upgraded to 22.82 tonne axle loads.
Bullet train
Feasibility study for High Speed Rail between Mumbai-Ahmadabad is in advanced stage and report expected by the mid of this year.
For other high speed routes on the diamond quadrilateral, studies are being commissioned.
Upgrading manufacturing capability
Creation of job opportunities by upgrading the manufacturing capability.
Functioning of Indian Railways Production Units and Workshops would be reviewed to provide them a cutting edge; measures for
technological up gradation and enhancing productivity be undertaken to make them self-sustaining.
Safety
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Action plan being prepared for areas where accidents occur: five-year corporate safety plan by June 2015 indicating annual
quantifiable targets; Pending recommendations made by High Level Safety Review Committee headed by Dr. Kakodkar Committee
to be examined by April 2015.
RDSO to develop a suitable device with reliable power supply system based on theft-proof panels/batteries in consultation with
Indian Space Research Organization, using geo-spatial technology for providing audio-visual warning to road users at unmanned
level crossings; radio based signal design project been taken up with IIT Kanpur for warnings at unmanned level crossing.
970 ROB/RUBs and other safety-related works to eliminate 3438 level crossings at a total Railway expense of Rs. 6,581 crore have
been sanctioned which is 2600% higher than the previous year covering most States.
Train Protection Warning System and Train Collision Avoidance System to be installed on select routes at the earliest.
Modern track structure consisting of sleepers and heavier rails being used while carrying out primary track renewals. Better welding
techniques being promoted; digital type machines to replace analogue type machines.
Partnerships for development
PPP cell to be revamped to make it result oriented.
Projects for rail connectivity to many ports and mines being developed under participative models; simplification of procedures and
consistency of policy to be ensured.
Foreign Rail Technology Cooperation scheme to be launched.
MUTP III for Mumbai to be taken up.
Joint ventures to be set up with States for focused project development, resource mobilization, land acquisition, project implementation
and monitoring of critical rail projects.
JVs to be set up with major public sector customers for meeting requirements of new lines.
Technology up gradation
Constituting an innovation council called Kayakalp for business re-engineering and introducing a spirit of innovation in Railways.
Technology portal being constituted to invite innovative technological solutions.
Strengthening of RDSO into an organization of excellence for applied research; four Railway Research Centres to be set up in select
universities for fundamental research; Malaviya Chair for Railway Technology at IIT (BHU), Varanasi to be set up.
Consortium of Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Ministry of Science And Technology and Industries on
to take up identified Railway projects for research.
IT vision to be unveiled: information on latest berth availability station navigation system, bar coded/RFID tracking of parcels and
freight wagons, automated parcel warehouses. Integration of train control and asset management applications. Mechanize integrated
track maintenance.
Improvement to management Processes and Systems
Delegate, de-centralize, de-regulate & simplify to be the new mantra.

Systems audit to be conducted for review of all processes and procedures.
Global benchmarks for key operating and maintenance activities.
Improve appraisal mechanism for the selection of projects and introduce simulation tools for project planning and decision-making;
introducing EPC system of contracting.
Constitution of a working group to modify present system of accounting, to ensure tracking of expenditure to desired outcomes.
Train operations to be audited.
Paperless working in material management system to be expanded; Vendors to be integrated through Vendor Interface Management
System to provide single window interface to vendors.
Resource Mobilisation
Plan Budget up by 52% from Rs. 65,798 crore to Rs. 1,00,011 crore in 2015-16. Support from the Central Government 41.6% of
the Plan and Internal generation 17.8 %; setting up of a Financing Cell in the Railway Board.
Setting up an infrastructure fund, a holding company and a JV with an existing NBFC of a PSU with IRFC, for raising long term debt
from domestic as well as overseas sources, including multilateral and bilateral financial institutions. Monetisation of assets rather than
selling them.
Digitized mapping of land records and responsibility fixing for encroachments.
New strategy to tap latent advertising potential, including offering stations and trains for corporate branding.
Coastal Connectivity Program. Railways in partnership with ports will deliver rail connectivity to Nargol, Chharra, Dighi, Rewas and
Tuna.
Projects worth Rs 2500 crore through BOT/ Annuity route. These include Wardha- Nagpur 3rd line, Kazipet-Vijaywada 3rd line,
Bhadrak Nargundi 3rd line and Bhuj- Nalia Gauge Conversion.
Scrap disposal policy to be reviewed for speedier scrap disposal.
Human Resources
Human Resource Audit to be undertaken. Focused Human Resource strategy to raise employee productivity in line with global
standards. Separate accounting head for HRD. ERP based Human Resource Management System.
Special training module on soft skills for frontline staff so that our customers feel welcomed. Training in yoga.
Setting up a full-fledged University during 2015-16.
Improved delivery of health services to employees: Up gradation of four Holiday Homes.
Energy and Sustainability
Environment Directorate to be constituted in Railway Board to give increased focus and thrust on environment management.
Detailed energy audit for energy saving.
Procure power through the bidding process at economical tariff from generating companies, power exchanges, and bilateral
arrangements. Initiative likely to save at least Rs. 3,000 crore in next few years.
Solar Power as part of the Solar Mission of Railways. 1000 MW solar plants will be set up by the developers on Railway/private
land and Railway buildings with subsidy/viability gap funding support of Ministry of Non-Renewable Energy in next five years.
Water conservation mission including water audit and expansion of water harvesting systems.
Accreditation for environment management to be extended.
100 DEMUs to be enabled for dual fuel CNG and diesel. Locomotives running on LNG are also currently under development.
Noise levels of locos to be at par with international norms; concerns related to wildlife to be addressed.
Investing in Indian Railways necessary for our ecological sustenance mainly due to efficiencies of fuel consumption.
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Transparency and Governance initiatives
System of on-line applications introduced for two categories of recruitment as a pilot project- to be extended.
All possible solutions be explored to address menace of corruption.
E-procurement value chain being expanded.
Constituting a mechanism for making regulations, setting performance standards, determining tariffs & adjudicating disputes among
licensees/private partners and the Ministry, subject to review in appeal.
Social initiatives
Infrastructure like stations and training centres to be made available for skill development. Indian Railways personnel and their
services also available for this national cause.
Promotion of products made by Self Help Groups, consisting mainly of women and youth on the model of Konkan Railway.
Tourism
Incredible Rail for Incredible India to be launched; Promotion of training of auto-rickshaw and taxi-operators as tourist-guides on
the model of Konkan Railway.
Coaches in select trains connecting major tourist destinations to travel agencies may be offered on a revenue sharing model.
IRCTC to work on promoting the Gandhi circuit to attract tourists to mark the occasion of 100 years of the return of Mahatma Gandhi
to India from South Africa; IRCTC will work on Kisan Yatra, a special travel scheme for farmers for farming & marketing technique
centres.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (2014-15)
Net reduction in Gross Traffic Receipts by Rs 917 crore compared to the BE of Rs 1,60,165 crore.
Growth in Ordinary Working Expenses (O.W.E) scaled down to 11.7% as against BE of 15.5% y-o-y. Taking into account the likely
savings accruing from drop in prices of HSD (high speed diesel) for traction partly offset by higher requirements under certain heads
for maintenance, safety and cleanliness activities, the budgeted O. W. E. of Rs 1,12,649 crore decreased in the RE 2014-15 to Rs.
1,08,970 crore i.e. by Rs 3,679 crore.
Appropriation to the Pension Fund has been increased to Rs. 29,540 crore in RE.
a. Internal resource generation also improved and accordingly the appropriation to DRF has been scaled up to Rs 7,975
crore in RE from the BE 2014-15 provision of Rs 7,050 crore.
b. After taking into account the above, "Excess" of receipts over expenditure stands at Rs 7,278 crore in RE 2014-15 reflecting
better financial management.
Plan size for 2014-15 increased from Rs 65,445 crore in the B.E to Rs 65,798 crore in the Revised Estimates i.e. by Rs 353 crore
with higher provisions under internal resource component and market borrowings for rolling stock requirement.
Budget Estimates for 2015-16
The intention is to capture increased revenues and ensure appropriate investments so as to decongest the system and enhance linecapacity.
Passenger earnings growth pegged at 16.7% and target budgeted at Rs. 50,175 crore.
Freight traffic is pegged at an all-time high incremental traffic of 85 million tonnes, anticipating a healthier growth in the core sector
of economy; Goods earnings proposed at Rs. 1,21,423 crore which includes rationalisation of rates, commodity classification and
distance slabs.
Other coaching and sundries are projected at Rs. 4,612 crore and Rs. 7,318 crore.
Gross Traffic Receipts estimated at Rs 1,83,578 crore , a growth of 15.3%.
Ordinary Working Expenses proposed to grow at 9.6% over RE 2014-15. Traction fuel bill anticipated to shrink further.
Higher provisions made for safety maintenance and cleanliness. Lease charges, interest component of the current and previous market
borrowings, at a growth of 21%.
Appropriation to Pension Fund proposed at Rs 35,260 crore and appropriation to DRF at Rs 8,100 crore. Appropriation of Rs 7,616
crore proposed to be made to Capital Fund for payment of principal component of lease charges to IRFC.
Plan Outlay 2015-16
Gross Budgetary Support of Rs 40,000 crore for the Railways annual Plan. Rs 1,645.60 crore has also been provided as Railways
share of diesel cess from the Central Road Fund. Market borrowing under EBR projected at Rs 17,655 crore, an increase of about
46.5%. Balance Plan outlay includes Rs 17,793 crore from Internal Resources and Rs. 5781 crore from PPP. Significantly, we are
allocating large amounts towards Doubling, Traffic Facilities, Electrification and Passenger Amenities.
Given the huge shelf of project and ensuring proper funds flow for the same with a view to completing them on target, a new
financing approach to expand EBR has been projected. This EBR, presently named EBR (Institutional Finance) would be based on
institutional investments in railway projects through Railway/ PSUs. This element is projected at Rs 17,136 crore and is aimed at
accelerating completion of capacity augmentation projects. Works proposed to be financed through this mode are listed in the
Budget documents.
Plan Outlay is Rs 1,00,011 crore, an increase of 52% over RE 2014- 15. It is anticipated that the Plan size will get higher once
resources from institutional bodies are formalized during the course of the ensuing financial year.
Conclusion
Complete the review of speed restrictions soon.

All critical initiatives to be pursued in mission mode under designated senior officials in the Ministry of Railways as Mission Directors;
similar structure replicated in all Zonal Railways.
ECONOMIC SURVEY 2015

The Economic Survey prepared by the Finance Ministrys Chief Economic Adviser Mr. Arvind Subramanian on the state of Asias third
largest economy was tabled in Parliament on Feb 27, 2015. As per the Survey, India must adhere to medium-term fiscal deficit target of
3% of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP) and the Government should ensure expenditure control to reduce fiscal deficit, the
report suggests.
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Highlights of Economic Survey
NITI Aayog and 14th Finance Commission to enhance fiscal federalism

GDP growth seen at 8.18.5% in 2015-16
Double digit growth trajectory; 810% GDP in coming years
Inflation has declined by over 6 percentage points since late 2013. Consumer inflation in 2015-16 to be between 5-5.5%
4Ds Deregulation, Differentiation, Diversification, Disinter (better bankruptcy laws) to push financial sector growth
Ecommerce sector to witness 50% growth in 5 years
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Current Account Deficit down from a peak of 6.7% of GDP to an estimated 1% in 2014-15
To adhere to fiscal deficit target of 4.1 % of GDP; to aim for 3 %
Food-grains production for 2014-15 estimated at 257.07 million tonnes; will exceed last 5-year average by 8.5 million ton
Foreign portfolio flows have stabilized the rupee
After a nearly 12-quarter phase of deceleration, real GDP has been growing at 7.2% since 2013-14, based on the new growth
estimates of the
Notwithstanding the new estimates, the balance of evidence suggests that India is a recovering, but not yet a surging economy
Economic Survey. Continued from adjoining columns
Going forward inflation is likely to remain in the 5-5.5% range, creating space for easing of monetary conditions.
Using the new estimate for 2014-15 as the base, GDP growth at constant market prices is expected to accelerate to between 8.1
and 8.5% in 2015-16.
There is a case for reviving targeted public investment as an engine of growth in the short run to complement and crowd-in private
investment
India faces an export challenge, reflected in the fact that the share of manufacturing and services exports in GDP has stagnated in
the last five years. India must adhere to the medium-term fiscal deficit target of 3 percent of GDP
India must move toward the golden rule of eliminating revenue deficits The quality of expenditure needs to be shifted from
consumption to investment. The direct fiscal cost of all the subsidies is roughly Rs. 378,000 crore or 4.2 percent of 2011-12 GDP.
41% of PDS kerosene is lost as leakage and only 46% of the remaining 59% is consumed by poor
The JAM Number Trinity- Jan DhanYojana, Aadhaar, Mobile can eliminate leakages and distortion
The stock of stalled projects stands at about 7% of GDP, accounted for mostly by the private sector.
Manufacturing and infrastructure account for most of the stalled projects. This has weakened the balance sheets of the corporate
sector and public sector banks,
Indian banking balance sheet is suffering from double financial repression
Going forward, capital markets and bond-financing need to be given a boost.
Private sector banks did not partake in the biggest private-sector fuelled growth episode in Indian history during 2005-2012
India has not one, not 29, but thousands of agricultural markets
APMCs levy multiple fees of substantial magnitude that are no transparent.
Chapter-6
BANKING TERMINOLOGY
ccount Agreement: The contract governing your open-end credit account, it provides information on changes that may occur
to the account.
Account History: The payment history of an account over a specific period of time, including the number of times the account was past
due or over limit.
Account Holder: Any and all persons designated and authorized to transact business on behalf of an account. Each account holder's
signature needs to be on file with the bank. The signature authorizes that person to conduct business on behalf of the account.
Acquiring Bank: In a merger, the bank that absorbs the bank acquired.
Accrued interest: Interest due from issue date or from the last coupon payment date to the settlement date. Accrued interest on bonds
must be added to their purchase price.
Adjustable-Rate Mortgages (ARMS): Also known as variable-rate mortgages. The initial interest rate is usually below that of
conventional fixed-rate loans. The interest rate may change over the life of the loan as market conditions change. There is typically a
maximum (or ceiling) and a minimum (or floor) defined in the loan agreement. If interest rates rise, so does the loan (APY): payment. If
interest rates fall, the loan payment may as well.
Arbitrage: Buying a financial instrument in one market in order to sell the same instrument at a higher price in another market.
Adverse Action: Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, a creditor's refusal to grant credit on the terms requested, termination of an
existing account, or an unfavourable change in an existing account.
Adverse Action Notice: The notice required by the Equal Credit Opportunity Act advising a credit applicant or existing debtor of the
denial of their request for credit or advising of a change in terms considered unfavourable to the account holder.
AER: Annual earnings rate on an investment.

Affidavit: A sworn statement in writing before a proper official, such as a notary public.
Alteration: Any change involving an erasure or rewriting in the date, amount, or payee of a check or other negotiable instrument.
American Depository Receipts (ADRs): ADRs/GDRs are receipts (not shares) issued by an American Depository or any Global
Depository to investors, giving them the title to underlying shares of a company. These receipts are listed by the company issuing the
ADR/GDR on foreign exchanges (in American exchanges, it is called ADR and called GDR-or Global Depository Receipts if listed in
international exchanges) and traded just like a share. An ADR/GDR can represent any number of underlying shares. All ADRs are a form
of GDR. Corporates are allowed to access foreign equity capital in the form of ADR/GDR under an automatic route.
Amortization: The process of reducing debt through regular instalment payments of principal and interest that will result in the payoff
of a loan at its maturity. The term is also used as a synonym for Depreciation.
Anytime Banking: With introduction of ATMs, Tele-Banking and internet banking, customers can conduct their business anytime of the
day and night. The 'Banking Hours' is not a constraint for transacting banking business.
Anywhere Banking : Refers to banking not only by ATMs, Tele-Banking and internet banking, but also to core banking solutions
brought in by banks where customer can deposit his money, cheques and also withdraw money from any branch connected with the system.
All major banks in India have brought in core banking in their operations to make banking truly anywhere banking.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR): The cost of credit on a yearly basis, expressed as a percentage. Annual Percentage Yield a
percentage rate reflecting the total amount of interest paid on a deposit account based on the interest rate and the frequency of
compounding for a 365-day year.
Annuity: A life insurance product which pays income over the course of a set period. Deferred annuities allow assets to grow before
the income is received and immediate annuities (usually taken from a year after purchase) allow payments to start from about a year
after purchase.
APR: The annual percentage rate of interest, usually on a loan or mortgage, usually displayed in brackets and representing the true
cost of the loan or mortgage as it shows any additional payments beyond the interest rate.
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Approved Securities: Approved securities are those issued by the Government and local bodies as also securities enjoying the
guarantee of the Government in regard to payment of principal and interest. Such securities included in the computation of Statutory
Liquidity Ratio (SLR), besides Government securities are bonds of IDBI, NABARD, IFCI, SFCs, cooperative debentures, Debentures of
Electricity Board etc.
Application: Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA), an oral or written request for an extension of credit that is made in
accordance with the procedures established by a creditor for the type of credit requested.
Appraisal: The act of evaluating and setting the value of a specific piece of personal or real property.
ARBITRAGE: The process of buying a thing in one market and selling it at the same time in another market, in order to take advantage
of the price difference.
Ask Price: The lowest price at which a dealer is willing to sell a given security.
Asset Backing for Issue of Notes: The RBI Act stipulates that the assets of the Issue Department against which currency notes are
issued have to consist of gold coin and bullion, foreign securities, rupee coin, Government of India rupee securities of any maturity and
bills of exchange and promissory notes payable in India which are eligible for purchase by the bank. So far such bills have not formed
part of the assets of the Issue Department. The aggregate value of gold coin and gold bullion and foreign securities held in the Issue
Department should not at any time be less than Rs 200 crore; of this, value of gold, not to be less than Rs 115 crore. There is no ceiling
on the amount of notes that can be issued by the Reserve Bank at any time.
Asset Classification: A recommendation of high level Committee on Financial System (Narasimham Committee) is that the policy of
income recognition should be objectively based on record of recovery. International practice is that an asset is treated as non-performing
when interest is overdue for at least 90 days. Recognising the need that a balance sheet should reflect a bank's actual financial health, a
system for recognition of income, classification of assets and provisioning for bad debts on a prudential basis was introduced. The assets
portfolio of the banks is required to be classified as
(1) Standard assets
(2) Sub-standard assets
(3) Doubtful assets and
(4) Loss assets.
Standard asset is one that does not disclose any problems and which does not carry more than normal risk attached to the business .An
asset which has been classified as NPA for a period not exceeding 12 months is considered as sub-standard asset. Doubtful asset is one
which has remained NPA for a period exceeding 12 months. An asset which is considered uncollectable and loss has been identified by
the bank or internal or external auditors or the RBI inspection and the loss has not been written off is regarded as loss asset.
Asset Liability Management (ALM): Denotes a scientific way of measuring, monitoring and managing the various risks banks or
financial institutions are exposed during the course of their operations. Earlier banks had concentrated essentially on credit and investment
portfolios and liquidity and profitability were given prime importance in the distribution of assets. Accumulation of mismatches among
items on balance sheet and off balance sheet accounts often led to liquidity crisis and even insolvency. In the process of globalisation of
economy, the domestic markets get affected by developments in the international financial and exchange markets which expose banks to
various kinds of risks. Risk management involves continuous process of planning, organising and controlling the volumes, maturities, rates
and yields of assets and liabilities. To help achieve this the RBI has issued Asset Liability Management guidelines to form part of the
management of credit, market and operation risks. Thrust of ALM is on managing market risk.
Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs): These companies specialise in the recovery and liquidation of sticky assets of the banks
and financial institutions. The non-performing assets can be assigned to ARC by banks at discounted price. In India the Committee on
Financial Systems (1991) recommended creation of Asset Reconstruction Fund (ARF). The committee on Banking Sector Reforms (1998)
suggested creation of Asset Reconstruction Company to which sticky advances of banks can be transferred. ARF was also considered
essential as part of the comprehensive restructuring of weak banks. In pursuance of all this a legislation to regulate Securitisation and
Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security interest was passed by the Parliament.
Asset Securitisation: It is a process by which non-tradable assets are converted into tradable securities. Illiquid assets such as mortgage
loans, auto loan receivable, cash credit receivables etc. on the balance sheet of the originator (such as Housing Finance Companies,
Financial Institutions, banks etc.) are packaged, underwritten and sold in the form of securities to investors through a carefully structured
process. These securities could be in the form of Commercial Paper, Participation Certificates, Notes or any other form of security
permissible under the legal framework of the country. In a securitisation process, the underlying assets are used both as collateral and
also to generate the income to pay the principal and interest to the investors of the asset backed securities. Asset-Backed Securities (ABS):
A type of security that is backed by a pool of bank loans, leases, and other assets. Most ABS is backed by auto loans and credit cards
these issues are very similar to mortgage-backed securities.
At-the-money: The exercise price of a derivative that is closest to the market price of the underlying instrument.
ATM: ATMs are Automatic Teller Machines, which do the job of a teller in a bank through Computer Network. ATMs are located on the
branch premises or off branch premises. ATMs are useful to dispense cash, receive cash, accept cheques, give balances in the accounts
and also give mini-statements to the customers.
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Autonomy: Autonomy of Central Bank is generally understood with reference to the degree of freedom a Central Bank enjoys in the
formulation and implementation of monetary and banking policies. The Central Banks perform various roles such as banker to Government,
banker to banks, issuing bank notes, management of public debt, managing foreign exchange reserves of the country, and regulation of
banks and financial institutions. Central Banks' independence relate to three matters namely, personnel; financial (extent of finance to
Govt;) and conduct of monetary policy. How far the Central Bank be independent of Government in matters of policies and what form
should that independence take? The views vary from the position that Central Bank should be given absolute statutory independence from
the Govt, both in determination and implementation of policies after listening to various opinions, to that it would be thoroughly undesirable
for the bank to pursue policies, which did not have the concurrence and support of the Govt. and Parliament. In practice, the Central Bank,
while having powers to formulate policies is ultimately subordinate to government and is required to keep Govt informed of their policies
and obtain specific government approvals for particular policies.
Authorised Capital: It is the amount of share Capital fixed in the Memorandum of Association and the article of association of a
company as required by the companies Acts (Company Law). It is also known as nominal capital or registered capital.
Authorised Dealer: Scheduled commercial banks and other banks and financial institutions authorised to deal in foreign exchange are
known as authorised dealers. The Reserve Bank has been delegating powers to authorised dealers for undertaking foreign exchange
transactions without obtaining Bank's prior approval
Authorization: The issuance of approval, by a credit card issuer, merchant, or other affiliate, to complete a credit card transaction.
Automated Clearing House (ACH): A computerized facility used by member depository institutions to electronically combine, sort,
and distribute interbank credits and debits. ACHs process electronic transfers of government securities and provided customer services,
such as direct deposit of customers' salaries and government benefit payments (i.e., social security, welfare, and veterans' entitlements),
and preauthorized transfers.
Automated Teller Machine (ATM): A machine, activated by a magnetically Comment encoded card or other medium that can process
a variety of banking transactions. These include accepting deposits and loan payments, providing withdrawals, and transferring funds
between accounts.
Automatic Bill Payment: A checkless system for paying recurring bills with one authorization statement to a financial institution. For
example, the customer would only have to provide one authorization form/letter/document to pay the cable bill each month. The necessary
debits and credits are made through an Automated Clearing House (ACH).
Availability Date: Bank's policy as to when funds deposited into an account will be available for withdrawal.
Availability Policy: Bank's policy as to when funds deposited into an account will be available for withdrawal.
Available Balance: The balance of an account less any hold, uncollected funds, and restrictions against the account.
Available Credit: The difference between the credit limit assigned to a cardholder account and the present balance of the account.
anks: A bank is a financial institution and a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into lending
activities, either directly or through capital markets. A bank connects customers that have capital deficits to customers with capital
surpluses.
Banking: Accepting for the purpose of lending or investment of deposits of money from Public, Repayable on demand or otherwise and
withdraw able by cheques, drafts, order, etc.
Banking System: Banking system consists of commercial banks and cooperative banks. The former include Indian banks in public sector,
private sector and foreign banks. Among the commercial banks, public sector banks (The State Bank of India and its associate banks and
the 20 Nationalised banks) account for predominant share of bank deposits. Private sector banks-old as well as the new banks, which
came into being following the recommendation of Committee on Financial System 1991 to induce greater competition and efficiency-are
banking companies and are governed by the provisions of Banking Regulation Act 1949. The century old cooperative banking structure
providing banking access to the rural masses is federal in character. State cooperative banks, district central cooperative banks and
primary agricultural societies specialise in short-term credit while state cooperative agriculture and rural development banks and primary
cooperative agriculture and rural development banks provide long term loans and advances. Urban banks finance small business in urban
and semi urban areas. Regional Rural Banks are subsidiaries of commercial bank which are specially set up in rural areas to provide
credit and other facilities to weaker sections for productive activities in agriculture, trade, industry, etc. Besides there are a few Local
Area Banks functioning in a few states. The government owned post office savings bank is a distinct entity in the sense that it is oriented
towards mobilisation of small savings of the community and does not undertake lending activity.
Balance of Payment Account: A country's balance of international payment is a systematic statement of all economic transactions
between the country and the rest of the world The statistical statement for a period mainly show (1) transactions in goods, services and
income between the economy and the rest of the world, (2) changes of ownership and other changes in that economy's monetary gold,
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) and claims and liabilities to the rest of the world. Like other accounts, the balance of payments records
each transaction either a plus or a minus. If a transaction earns foreign currency for the nation it is called a credit and if a transaction
involves spending foreign currency it is debit. The two major components of balance of payments are balance on current account and
balance on capital account. Balance on current account summarises the difference between nation's total exports and imports of goods
and services and capital account balance depicts changes in loans or investments that private citizens or government make or receive from
foreign private citizen or governments. Since each country's capital and current accounts have to sum to zero the counterpart of the surplus
or deficit would be capital flows and change in reserves.
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Balance of Trade: International trade is made up of purchase and sale of goods between countries and are collectively called imports
and exports. Exports and imports are visible trade. The difference between exports and imports is called balance of trade. The balance
of trade is favourable when the value of exports exceeds imports (trade surplus) and unfavourable or adverse when value of imports
exceed exports (trade deficit). Transactions in services relate to payment and receipt for services such as shipping, insurance, travel and
tourism, transfer of interest, migrant remittances, interest and dividend payments, etc. These services are called invisibles. Trade in goods
and services constitute the current account. In addition, there are capital transactions in the form of payments and receipts due to transfer
of funds for acquiring assets, extension of credits and loans, investments etc. These three groups of economic transactions constitute the
balance of payments of a country.
Bank Credit to Commercial Sector: This denotes credit extended by RBI to commercial sector by investing in shares/bonds of financial
institutions, ordinary debentures of cooperative institutions and loans to financial institutions and bills discounted by commercial banks with
RBI and other banks. Other bank's credit to commercial sector is in the form of loans, cash credit, overdrafts, bills discounted and investment
in approved securities and other investment.
Bank Credit to Government: Reserve Bank Credit to Government is the sum of the claims of the bank on the Central Government in
the form of holdings of dated securities, ways and means advances, and Treasury Bills and rupee coins. These assets less the Centre's cash
balances with the RBI give Net RBI Credit to Central Government. Net RBI Credit to State Governments comprises loans and advances to
state Governments, less their deposit balance with banks. Other banks' credit to Government represents their investments in long term and
short- term Government securities. Bank credit to Government is one of the factors explaining the variations in money supply. Other factors
giving rise to change are RBI credit to commercial sector, other banks' credit to commercial sector, government's currency liabilities, net
foreign exchange asset of RBI and other banks, and net non-monetary liabilities of RBI and banks.
Bank Rate: An instrument of general credit control and represents the standard rate at which the RBI is prepared to buy or rediscount
bills of exchange or other commercial paper eligible for purchase under the provisions of the Act. The Bank Rate influences the cost of
financial accommodation extended by RBI. The impact of a change in the Bank Rate depends upon such factors as the extend of commercial
banks' dependence on the Reserve Bank for funds, the availability of funds to banks from other sources, the extent to which other interest
rates are directly influenced by changes in the Bank Rate, and the degree of importance attached to a change in the Bank Rate as an
indicator of the stance of monetary policy.
Banking Codes and Standard Board of India (BCSBI): This Board was set in pursuance of a recommendation of the Committee on
Procedures and Performance Audit on public services to benchmark the existing level of public services in the banking sector. This is an
autonomous body established by the RBI and the banks to evaluate and oversee the observance of voluntary code of conduct by the
banks. The purpose is to ensure that comprehensive code of conduct for fair treatment of customers is evolved and adhered to. As a part
of the collaborative arrangement, the Reserve bank would build up corpus of BCSBI to make it a self-sustaining organisation.
Banking Ombudsman Scheme: The Banking Ombudsman Scheme was introduced in 1995 under the provision of Banking Regulation
Act 1949 covering scheduled commercial banks and scheduled primary cooperative banks and Regional Rural Banks having business in
India. The scheme is intended to establish a system of Banking Ombudsman for expeditious and inexpensive resolution of customer
complaints. Any person whose grievance against a bank is not resolved to his satisfaction with in a period of two months after the bank
received the complaint can approach the Banking Ombudsman if the complaint of the deficiency of service is pertaining to any of the
matters specified in the scheme. Presently 15 Banking Ombudsman Offices administer the scheme in the country. Apart from enabling
resolution of complaints relating to provision of banking services by mediating between the bank and the aggrieved party or by passing
an award in accordance with the scheme, Banking Ombudsman endeavours to resolve disputes by way of arbitration between one bank
and its constituents, as well as between one bank and another bank as may be agreed upon by the contesting parties in accordance with
the provisions of the B.O scheme and Arbitration and Conciliation Act.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS): The Bank for International Settlements was set up in 1930 and is situated in Basle. Under
article 3 of the Bank's statute, the basic object is to promote cooperation among central banks and as such is designated as "Central
Banks' Bank". It carries out a wide range of banking operations arising from the task of assisting the Central Banks in managing and
investing their monetary reserves. It promotes international monetary cooperation facilitating exchange of views about international
banking and monetary system among the central bankers and central bank experts. BIS is also a research centre particularly in the
monetary sphere. BIS acts as trustee or agent for a number of international bodies or arrangements, in the execution of international
payment agreements. The BIS currently has 55 member central banks.
Bancassurance: Bancassurance is an important channel of distribution of insurance policies, wherein banks own and sell the insurance
products and bear the risk- in India however, through this channel, policies are sold by bank staff at the bank counters, but are not owned
by the banks. This channel is jointly used by banks and the insurance companies.
Base Rate: From July 1 2010, banks will move to a new, more transparent regime of loan pricing. They will jettison the Benchmark Prime
Lending Rate (BPLR) and price loans off a 'base rate'. Unlike the BPLR that was set somewhat arbitrarily by banks, the base rate will
follow an explicit formula that factors in a bank's cost of deposits, operating costs (expenses of running its branches, for instance), the cost
of statutory drafts on bank funds imposed by the Reserve Bank of India (the Cash Reserve Ratio and Statutory Liquidity Ratio) and the
profit margin. The base rate will help borrowers to compare interest rates offered by various banks and make the process of how banks
arrive at interest rates for loans more transparent. RBI has stipulated that banks cannot charge below the base rate for most loans. (There
are a couple of exceptions like agricultural loans and export credit.) While the new model will ensure greater transparency, it need not
mean lower lending rates for borrowers. In fact, banks' blue-chip corporate borrowers could see some increase in their cost of borrowing.
The reason is somewhat simple. RBI allowed banks to lend below their prime lending rates and the majority of banks did the bulk of their
corporate lending at 'sub-PLR rates'.
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS): The Basel Committee is a committee of bank supervisors drawn from 13 member
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countries (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
and United State of America). It was founded in 1974 to ensure international cooperation among a number of supervisory authorities. It
usually meets at the Bank for International settlements in Basel, Switzerland, its permanent Secretariat. The Committee framed two Capital
Accords, Basel I (1988) and Basel II (1999).
Banker's Lien: Bankers lien is a special right of lien exercised by the bankers, who can retain goods bailed to them as a security for
general balance of account. Bankers can have this right in the absence of a contract to the contrary.
Brick & Mortar Banking: Brick and Mortar Banking refers to traditional system of banking done only in a fixed branch premises made of
brick and mortar. Now there are banking channels like ATM, Internet Banking, tele banking etc.
Business of Banking : Accepting deposits, borrowing money, lending money, investing, dealing in bills, dealing in Foreign Exchange,
Hiring Lockers, Opening Safe Custody Accounts, Issuing Letters of Credit, Travelers Cheques, doing Mutual Fund business, Insurance
Business, acting as Trustee or doing any other business which Central Government may notify in the official Gazette.
Bouncing of a cheque: Where an account does not have sufficient balance to honour the cheque issued by the customer, the cheque is
returned by the bank with the reason "funds insufficient" or "Exceeds arrangement. This is known as 'Bouncing of a cheque.
Basis Point: One hundredth of 1%. A measure normally used in the statement of interest rate e.g., a change from 5.75% to 5.81% is
a change of 6 basis points.
Bear Markets: Unfavourable markets associated with falling prices and investor pessimism.
Bid-ask Spread: The difference between a dealers bid and ask price.
Bid Price: The highest price offered by a dealer to purchase a given security.
Benchmark Prime Lending Rate (BPLR): Prime Lending Rate calculated after considering cost of funds, operating expenses,
regulatory provisioning, capital charge and profit margin. It forms the reference rate for pricing of loans and advances.
Bill: It is a document which gives evidence of in-debtedness of one party to another. A bill may simply be written order for goods which
can be used as security for a loan to the supplier from a bank, or it may be a security such as a Treasury bill or bill of exchange.
Blue Chip: It is a first-class Equity share, the purchase of which (the hope is) entails little risk even in economic recessions (Depression).
The term is, of course, applied as a matter of subjective judgement. Board for Financial Supervision: This was constituted in November
1994, under the Central Board of Directors of RBI with a view to give undivided attention to supervision of banks, all India financial
institutions and NBFCs. It functions within the framework of RBI (BFS) Regulation 1994 exclusively framed for the purpose in consultation
with Government of India. The Governor of RBI is the Chairman of the Board and four nonofficial directors of the Central Board are the
members. The Deputy Governors of RBI are the Ex-officio members.
Bond: It is a form of fixed-interest Security issued by central or local governments, companies, banks or other institutions, e.g. National
Savings Income Bonds. Bonds are usually carry fixed interest and may be irredeemable and may be secured or unsecured. Economists
frequently make use of the term bond in theoretical analysis, for example of choices between holding cash and other financial assets, in
which a bond is a proxy for a whole range of securities.
Bull: He is Stock Exchange speculator who purchases Stocks and Shares in the belief that prices will rise and that he will be able to sell
them again later at a profit. Bull is the opposite of Bear. The market is said to be bullish when it is generally anticipated that prices will
rise.
Bullion: It means gold, silver, or other precious metal in bulk, i.e. in the form of ingots or bars rather than in coin. Gold billion is used in
international monetary transactions between Central Banks and forms partial backing for many currencies. A bullion market is a Gold
Market.
Bear: A Bear is an investor who reasons out the southward movement of share prices thereby limits oneself to trade of short-term nature.
A stock market operator who expects share prices to fall and keeps selling (to pick up the shares later a lower price for actual delivery),
causing selling pressure and lowering the prices further. Term derived from the attacking posture of the bear, pushing downwards.
Budget Deficit: The excess of government expenditure over government income, which must be financed either by borrowing or by
printing money. Budget deficit is measured by calculating the total expenditure over and above the total receipts.
Budget Deficit = total Receipts (Revenue + Capital) Total Expenditure (Revenue + Capital) . Comment
Revenue receipts: Receipts from tax, interest from loans provided by the Government, dividends, profits from Public Sector
Undertakings (PSUs) and grants.
Capital receipts: Receipts from repayment of loans by the State Governments, PSUs, sale of Government assets.
Revenue expenditure: Salaries, interest payment, subsidies, pension.
Capital expenditure: Loan and advances to State Governments and PSUs and capital outlay.
Book Value: The amount of stockholders equity in a firm equals the amount of the firms assets minus the firms liabilities and preferred
stock.
Broker: Individuals licensed by stock exchanges to enable investors to buy and sell securities.
Brokerage Fee: The commission charged by a broker.
Bull Markets: Favourable markets associated with rising prices and investor optimism.
all Money/ Notice Money Market: Refers to a segment of money market where participants lend and borrow money on an
overnight basis. The notice money market provides for lending and borrowing of money at a short notice for periods up to 14 days.
Since 1992 many financial institutions like IDBI, NABARD, mutual funds, GIC and subsidiaries were allowed to participate in the call
money market. On the recommendations of the Narasimham committee 1998, the non-bank participation in the market has been phased
out in order to make it a pure inter-bank call/notice money market including primary dealers.
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Call Option: The right to buy the underlying securities at a specified exercise price on or before a specified expiration date.
Callable Bonds: Bonds that give the issuer the right to redeem the bonds before their stated maturity.
Capital: It refers to assets which are capable of generating income and which have themselves been produced. Capital is one of the
four Factors of Production, and consists of the machines, plant and buildings that made production possible, but excludes raw materials,
land and labour. In more general usage, it refers to any assets or stock of assets (financial or physical) capable of generating income.
Capital Account Convertibility (CAC): Convertibility means the ability of the domestic residents to convert the local currency to any
foreign currency at will. The Report of the Committee on Capital Account Convertibility (Tara pore Committee) (RBI, 1997) provided the
following working definition of CAC: "freedom to convert local financial assets into foreign financial assets and vice versa at market
determined rates of exchange. It is associated with changes of ownership in foreign / domestic financial assets and liabilities and embodies
the creation and liquidation of claims on, or by, the rest of the world. CAC can be, and is, coexistent with restriction other than on external
payments". Broadly it would mean freedom for firms and residents to buy overseas assets such as equity, bonds, property and acquire
ownership of overseas firms, besides free repatriation of proceeds by foreign investors.
Capital Adequacy: In the context of growing size and variety of banking transactions the prescription of minimum fixed capital for
banks (as well as financial institutions) was considered inadequate The Committee on Banking Regulation and Supervisory Practices, set
up by the Bank for International Settlements (BASEL COMMITTEE) prescribed certain capital adequacy standards taking into account the
element of risk in various types of assets in the balance sheet and off-balance sheet business. Under this system, the funded and nonfunded items and other off-balance sheet exposures are assigned weights according to the risk perception and banks are required to
maintain unimpaired minimum capital funds to the prescribed ratio on the risk weighted assets. In India the Capital adequacy norms were
adopted in 1992, following the Basel Accord of 1988. This accord exclusively focussed on credit risk. In the context of financial innovations
and growing complexity of financial transactions a new Capital Accord known as Basel II was released by the Basel Committee on Banking
Supervision. The revised framework helps banks to determine the capital requirement for credit risk, market risk and operational risk. This
involves a 3-pillar approach of Minimum Capital Requirements, Supervisory Review Process and Market Discipline.
Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, Liquidity, System & Controls (Camels): Banks incorporated in
India are supervised and awarded supervisory ratings under CAMELS model. The foreign banks operating in India are rated under CALCS
which stand for Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Liquidity & Compliance and Systems. A system of supervisory rating based on CAMELS
is being used to assess the performance and strength and soundness of banks.
Capital Accords (Related to Basel Norms): The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision published the first Basel Capital Accord in
July, 1988 prescribing minimum capital adequacy requirement in banks and the signatory countries fully implemented the accord by the
end of 1992. In the subsequent years, increased market volatility as well as incidents such as the Asian crisis, the near collapse of a
significant hedge fund in the US and the crisis in several Latin American and emerging economies prompted a new look at the 1988
Capital Accord. Therefore, in July 1999, the Basel Committee released the first proposal to replace the 1988 Capital Accord with a more
risk sensitive capital adequacy framework. Capital Accord aims to strengthen the soundness and stability of the International Banking
System and diminish existing source of competitive inadequacy among international banks. The framework will be applied on a
consolidated basis to internationally active banks. The scope of application will also include, on a fully consolidated basis, any holding
company that is the parent entity within a banking group, to ensure that it captures the risk of the whole banking group. As one of the
principal objectives of supervision is the protection of depositors, supervisors have to test that individual banks are adequately capitalized
on a standalone basis.
Capital Expenditure: It is the purchase of fixed assets (e.g. plant and equipment), expenditure on Trade Investments, acquisitions of
other businesses and expenditure on current assets (e.g. stocks).
Capital Market: Capital market deals with long term funds which can be raised either through issue of securities or by borrowing from
certain institution. Capital market can be divided into two parts viz, for corporate securities and other gilt edged securities (securities
issued by Central Government, State Government and quasi-govt. Bodies).
Capital Formation: Refers to that part of a country's current output and imports which is not consumed or exported during the accounting
period but set aside as additions to its stock of capital goods for use in future productive process - machinery, equipment, plants, buildings,
stock of raw material, semi-finished goods, etc. Net capital formation is distinguished from gross capital formation in that it is measured
after allowances are made for depreciation, obsolescence and accidental damage to fixed capital.
Capital Funds of Banks: Capital Funds comprise of Tier I capital and Tier II capital as defined under Capital Adequacy Standards.
Tier I capital mainly consists of Capital, Statutory reserves, Capital reserves etc, reduced by equity investments in subsidiaries, intangible
assets etc. Tier II capital consists of undisclosed reserves, revaluation reserves, general provision and loss reserve, subordinate debt
instruments etc.
Capital Market: This is an important part of financial sector and refers to a system which provides for facilities and arrangements for
borrowing and loaning of long term funds. The sources of funds for market are from household savings, corporate savings, institutional
investments foreign and domestic, the surpluses of government sector and non-residents. Capital market consists of primary market and
secondary market. The primary market or new issue market facilitates mobilisation of resources through public issue (by prospectus) right
issues (through letter of offer) and private placements. Apart from equity shares and preference shares, a number of innovative instruments
have been lately introduced in the primary market. The secondary market provides liquidity through marketability of these instruments.
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Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR): Cash reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of Cash (liquid cash like gold) that the banks have to keep with
RBI. This Ratio is basically to secure solvency of the bank and to drain out the excessive money from the banks. If RBI decides to increase
the percent of this, the available amount with the banks comes down and if RBI reduces the CRR then available amount with Banks increased
and they are able to lend more. OR, this term refers to a policy instrument to control money supply. The Reserve Bank of India Act requires
the scheduled banks to maintain a minimum average daily cash balance equivalent to a specified percentage of their time and demand
liabilities in India outstanding as on the Friday of the previous fortnight. This is known as Cash Reserve Ratio. The RBI is empowered to
vary the Cash Reserve Ratio between 3 percent and 20 percent depending on the prevalent monetary conditions. Total cash reserves
actually maintained by a scheduled commercial bank may consist of
(1) The minimum CRR of 3% or prescribed CRR
(2) Additional cash reserves relating to incremental demand and time liabilities (DTL) and
(3) Excess cash reserves over and above the level required to comply with the prescribed cash reserve requirement or short fall therein.
Following the amendment of the Reserve Bank of India Act in 2006, the Reserve Bank, keeping the needs of securing monetary stability
in the country, can prescribe CRR for scheduled commercial banks without any floor rate or ceiling rate. When there is a change in CRR,
the first impact is felt by the banks. For banks, a rise in CRR would mean that a larger proportion of their lendable resources will be with
RBI, while a fall in the rate will mean a lower proportion will be with the Central Bank. In times of boom, lending will give a higher rate
of return to banks. Hence, if they have to keep a large proportion of their funds away from lending and in the form of a deposit with the
RBI, it is a loss of opportunity for them. This will bring down their earnings. An increase in CRR would also mean that money is being sucked
out of the system. This would mean that funds are hard to come by and hence banks will have to pay more to depositors in order to induce
them to keep their funds with banks. This will push up cost of funds for banks. The banks therefore will also have to raise lending rates in
order to meet the increased cost while maintaining their margins. There may also be an overall impact on companies in terms of scarcity
of funds, along with an increase in costs, due to which the overall interest charges for capital intensive companies will increase. A lower
lending could lead to a contraction in the activities which might slow down demand in various sectors. Raising CRR is a measure used by
the RBI to contain inflation by mopping up excess liquidity in the economy.
Capital Gain: The amount by which the proceeds from the sale of a capital asset exceed its original purchase price.
Central Bank: Conducting a special class of business distinct from commercial banking, the primary function of Central Bank is to serve
as a lender of last resort so as to stabilise the banking system. In order to ensure monetary discipline and healthy growth of economy the
Central Bank has been entrusted with function of monopoly of note issue, keeping the nation's gold and foreign exchange reserves,
providing banking services to the government and other banks. The central bank is an important source of advice on economic policy
matters to the government. As the monetary authority it conducts monetary policy to influence economic trends through the cost and
availability of credit and regulates the operations of banks and non-banking financial companies.
Central Record and Documentation Centre (CRDC): This was established in August 1981 in Pune with the object of serving as a
repository of noncurrent permanent records and as the central archives of the Reserve Bank of India for research purposes. It maintains
an archival of RBI library, and provides for repairs and rehabilitation of records of RBI in a scientific manner and research facilities for
the staff of the Bank as well as students from other institutions.
Certificate Of Deposit: It is a negotiable claim issued by a bank in return for a Term Deposit. CDs are securities which are purchased
for less than their face value, which is the banks promise to repay the deposit and thus offer a yield to maturity (YTM). The secondary
market in CDs is made up by the Discount Houses and the banks in the Inter-Bank Market. Where a depositor knows that he can, if
necessary, sell his CD he will be willing to place his funds with a bank for long periods.
Certificate of Deposits (CDs): Savings instrument in which funds must remain on deposit for a specified period and premature
withdrawals incur interest penalties. Channels of Influence of Intervention In Exchange Rates: Channels Of Influence Of Intervention In
Exchange Rates: The four channels of influence of intervention in exchange rates are:
1) Monetary Policy Channel - Effect on domestic interest rates, when intervention is not fully sterilized;
2) Portfolio Balance Channel - Composition of domestic and foreign assets held by the main market participants changes as a result of
sterilized intervention;
3) Signalling or Expectations Channel - Sterilized intervention changes private agents' exchange rate expectations by giving signals about
the future stance of monetary policy and
4) Order Flow or Micro Structure Channel - impact of intervention on buy or sell orders of traders who follow past market trends.
Cheque: Cheque is a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker ordering the banker to pay a certain sum of money to the drawer
of cheque or another person. Money is generally withdrawn by clients by cheques. Cheque is always payable on demand.
Cheque Truncation: Cheque truncation truncates or stops the flow of cheques through the banking system. Generally truncation takes
place at the collecting branch, which sends the electronic image of the cheques to the paying branch through the clearing house and stores
the paper cheques with it.
Clearing Corporation Of India LTD (CCIL): This was set up in November 2002 to serve as an industry-wise organisation for clearing
and settlement of trades in foreign exchange government securities and other debt instruments. The CCIL manages various risks and
reallocates risks among the participants. CCIL reduces the liquidity requirements of the market and thereby liquidity risk of the system.
Major commercial banks, financial institutions and primary dealers own it.
Closed-end (Mutual) Fund: A fund with a fixed number of shares issued, and all trading is done between investors in the open market.
The share prices are determined by market prices instead of their net asset value.
Collateral: A specific asset pledged against possible default on a bond. Mortgage bonds are backed by claims on property. Collateral
trusts bonds are backed by claims on other securities. Equipment obligation bonds are backed by claims on equipment.
Commercial Paper: Short-term and unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations with very high credit standings.
Common Stock: Equity investment representing ownership in a corporation; each share represents a fractional ownership interest in the
firm.
Compound Interest: Interest paid not only on the initial deposit but also on any interest accumulated from one period to the next.
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Contract Note: A note which must accompany every security transaction which contains information such as the dealers name (whether
he is acting as principal or agent) and the date of contract.
Controlling Shareholder: Any person who is, or group of persons who together are, entitled to exercise or control the exercise of a
certain amount of shares in a company at a level (which differs by jurisdiction) that triggers a mandatory general offer, or more of the
voting power at general meetings of the issuer, or who is or are in a position to control the composition of a majority of the board of
directors of the issuer.
Convertible Bond: A bond with an option, allowing the bondholder to exchange the bond for a specified number of shares of common
stock in the firm. A conversion price is the specified value of the shares for which the bond may be exchanged. The conversion premium is
the excess of the bonds value over the conversion price.
Corporate Bond: Long-term debt issued by private corporations. Coupon: The feature on a bond that defines the amount of annual
interest income.
Coupon Frequency: The number of coupon payments per year.
Coupon Rate: The annual rate of interest on the bonds face value that a bonds issuer promises to pay the bondholder. It is the bonds
interest payment per dollar of par value.
Covered Warrants: Derivative call warrants on shares which have been separately deposited by the issuer so that they are available
for delivery upon exercise.
Credit Rating: An assessment of the likelihood of an individual or business being able to meet its financial obligations. Credit ratings
are provided by credit agencies or rating agencies to verify the financial strength of the issuer for investors.
Collecting Banker: Also called receiving banker, who collects on instruments like a cheque, draft or bill of exchange, lodged with himself
for the credit of his customer's account.
Code Of Banks Commitment To Customers: A code evolved by the Indian Banks' Association and Banking Codes and Standard
Board of India to provide a framework for minimum standard of banking services which individual customers can legitimately expect. It
sets out a minimum standard of customer service with reliability, transparency and accountability and outlines how each bank expects to
deal with the customers day to day requirements and accordingly what each customer should reasonably expect from his bank. The code
was released in July 2006.
Coinage: Coins are minted in the denominations of 10paise, 20paise, 25paise, 50paise, 1rupee, 2rupees, and 5rupees. Coins up to
50paise are called small coins and other coins are termed as rupee coins As per the provisions of Coinage Act 1906, coins can be issued
up to denominations of Rs 1000/-. The responsibility for coinage vests in the Government of India in terms of Coinage Act 1906.
Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligation (CBLO): CBLO is a money market instrument. Conceptually, it is (1) an
obligation by the borrower to return the money borrowed, at a specified future date, (2) an authority to the lender to receive money
lent, at a specified date and (3) an underlying charge on securities held in the custody with Clearing Corporation of India Limited (CCIL)
for amount borrowed. CBLO is a new money market instrument developed by CCIL. It is a hybrid of repo (backed by securities) and call
money products (short term). Consistent with the move to phase out non-bank participants from the call money market, CBLO was introduced
to facilitate participation of non-bank entities in money market. Borrowing under CBLO is against the collateral of Government securities.
CBLO also has certain other features such as maturity period ranging from 1day to 1year and is issued in electronic book entry form only.
The CCIL provides the trading platform and market participants (Banks, Financial Institutions, Insurance Companies, Mutual Funds, Primary
Dealers, Nonbanking Financial Companies, and Corporations etc.) decide the rate at which it is issued and traded.
Commercial Paper (CP): A money market instrument, this represents an unsecured usance promissory note negotiable by endorsement
and delivery. This instrument was conceived as a short term substitute for working capital borrowing by the companies.
Consumer Price Index (CPI): It is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services purchased by households.
Consumer Protection Act: It is implemented from 1987 to enforce consumer rights through a simple legal procedure. Banks also are covered
under the Act. A consumer can file complaint for deficiency of service with Consumer District Forum for amounts up to Rs.20 Lacs in District
Court, and for amounts above Rs.20 Lacs to Rs.1 Crore in State Commission and for amounts above Rs.1 Crore in National Commission.
Consolidated Supervision: Consolidated Supervision refers to system whereby the RBI undertakes consolidated supervision of bank
groups (with related to entities) where the controlling entity is an institution (banks, financial institution or NBFCs) which comes under the
regulatory/supervisory purview of the RBI. The components of consolidated supervision are
(1) Consolidated financial statements (CFs)
(2) Consolidated prudential reports (CPR) and
(3) Application of certain prudential regulations like capital adequacy, large exposure, risk concentration etc. on group basis. CFs would
include consolidated balance sheet, profit and loss account and other statements including cash flow statements
Co-operative Bank : An association of persons who collectively own and operate a bank for the benefit of consumers / customers, like
Saraswat Cooperative Bank or Abhyudaya Co-operative Bank and other such banks.
Co-operative Society : When an association of persons collectively own and operate a unit for the benefit of those using its services
like Apna Bazar Co-operative Society or Sahara Bhandar or a Co-operative Housing Society.
Core Banking Solutions (CBS): Core Banking Solutions is a buzz word in Indian banking at present, where branches of the bank are
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connected to a central host and the customers of connected branches can do banking at any breach with core banking facility.
Corporate Governance: The concept of Corporate Governance is differently defined. It means doing everything better to improve
relationship between companies or organisations and their shareholders and other stakeholders. It is also defined as a system by which
business operations are directed and controlled. It specifies the distribution of rights and responsibilities among different participants in
the corporation such as the board, managers, shareholders and other stakeholders and spells out the rules and procedures for making
decision on corporate affairs. According to the World Bank, Corporate Governance is about promoting corporate fairness, transparency,
and accountability. Corporate governance is becoming crucial for banks and financial institutions to promote effective risk management
and financial stability. As part of financial sector reforms banks are required to follow due diligence procedures for appointment of
directors on the boards of private sector banks and regarding role and responsibilities of independent directors. Banks are also required
to take steps to strengthen risk management framework and constitute various committees in conformity with corporate governance. The
purpose is to ensure that owners and managers of banks are persons of sound integrity so as to protect the interest of depositors and
integrity of financial system.
Coupon Rate: A coupon payment on a bond is a periodic interest payment that the bondholder receives during the time between when
the bond is issued and when it matures. Coupons are normally described in terms of the coupon rate, which is calculated by adding the
total amount of coupons paid per year and dividing by the bond's face value. For example, if a bond has a face value of $1000 and a
coupon rate of 5%, then it pays total coupons of $50 per year. For the typical bond, this will consist of two semi-annual payments of $25
each.
Creditworthiness: It is the capacity of a borrower to repay the loan / advance in time along with interest as per agreed terms.
Crossing of Cheques: Crossing refers to drawing two parallel lines across the face of the cheque. A crossed cheque cannot be paid
in cash across the counter, and is to be paid through a bank either by transfer, collection or clearing. A general crossing means that cheque
can be paid through any bank and a special crossing, where the name of a bank is indicated on the cheque, can be paid only through
the named bank.
Credit: The term refers to the use of someone else's funds in exchange for a promise to pay (usually with interest) at a later date e.g.
short term loans from a bank. In balance of payments accounting, it denotes an item such as exports that earns a country foreign currency.
Bank credit is an important variable affecting consumption and capital formation.
Credit Policy: Refers to the policy of using central banking instruments for varying the cost, availability and direction of credit or "loans
and discounts" extended by the banks to their customers. The capacity of banks to provide credit depends on their cash reserves (cash in
hand and balances with Reserve Bank of India; substantial portion of the reserves is held in the form of balance with RBI). These reserves
increase through a rise in the deposits of banks or their borrowings from Reserve Bank or a sale of their investments. Regulations of credit
essentially mean regulation of quantum of reserves of banks. If the RBI desires to bring about credit expansion it would adopt measures
to help augment reserves; if credit expansion is to be restricted, measures to curtail the reserves are adopted.
Credit Information Bureau Of India LTD (CIBIL): This is an agency for compilation and dissemination of credit information covering
data on defaults to the financial system. Banks and financial institutions are required to submit periodical requisite data to CIBIL and
report to the RBI. With a view to strengthen the legal mechanism and facilitating credit information bureau to collect, process and share
credit information on borrowers of banks /FIs the Credit Information Companies' Regulation Act was passed and came into vogue with
the President of India giving assent in June 2005. The Act empowers CIBIL to collect information relating to all borrowers and confers
upon the RBI the power to determine policy in respect of functioning of credit information companies. Credit Risk Measurement: The Basel
Accord permit Banks a choice between two broad methodologies for calculating their capital requirements for credit risk.
i) Standardised Approach: One alternative will be to measure credit risk in a standardised manner, supported by external credit
assessment.
ii) Internal Rating Based Approach: Subject to certain minimum conditions and disclosure requirements, banks that have received supervisory
approval to use IRB approach may rely on their own internal estimates of risk components in determining the capital requirement for a
given exposure.
The risk components include measures of the probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD), the exposure at default (EAD) and
effective maturity (M). Under IRB Approach, the accord has made available two broad approaches: a foundation and an advanced.
Under the foundation approach, as a general rule, banks provide their own estimates of PD and rely on supervisory estimates for other
risk components. Under the advanced approach, banks provide for more of their own estimates of PD, LGD and EAD and their own
calculation of M, subject to meeting minimum standards.
Currency: Paper currency, a medium of exchange, stands out as an important landmark in the evolution of payment system for various
transactions, from the primitive barter of early societies to coins, credit cards and electronic money. As against physical coins possessing
intrinsic value, the paper currency represents a promise to pay the physical equivalent or the underlying value. In the West, currency was
introduced around the 17th century. In India up to 1861 from the latter part of the 18th century, banks were free to issue currency notes
which were payable to bearer on demand. These promissory notes, convertible into coins on demand were termed as bank notes. Issue of
official Government of India paper currency commenced in 1861 with the enactment of Paper Currency Act. With the formal inauguration
of the Reserve Bank of India on 1-4-1935, the RBI took over the function of issuing notes. The Indian currency is called Indian rupee and
sub-denomination is called the paise.
Currency Board: Currency Board issues currency in accordance with certain strict rules; the Board prints domestic currency and commits
itself to converting it on demand to a specified currency at fixed rate of exchange. To make this commitment credible the board holds
reserves of foreign currency (or of gold or some other liquid asset) equal to at least 100%of the domestic currency issue at the fixed rate
of exchange. The Board issues currency only when there are enough foreign assets to back it. And it does little else; no open market
operations; no lending to the Government; no guarantee of banking system. The main advantage of Currency Board Systems is it is easy
to run. More over a Currency Board compels Governments to adopt a responsible fiscal policy. If the budget is not balanced the
government has to persuade private banks to lend to it. Bullying the Central bank to print money is no longer an option; the currency
board therefore will tend to produce more prudent fiscal policies than a malleable Central bank will.
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Currency Chests: Currency chests are storehouses where bank notes and rupee coins are stocked on behalf of the Reserve Bank of
India. The Reserve Bank of India has authorised selected branches of banks to establish Currency Chests in order to facilitate distribution
of notes and coins across the country through other bank branches in their area of operation. The currency chest is like a miniature Issue
Department and notes held in the chests are not deemed to be in circulation and the coins held in chest form part of Issue Department.
Currency Management: This function involves designing of currency notes, issue and distribution of fresh notes and coins, management
of inventory of notes and accounting withdrawal of soiled notes from circulation and their destruction, note exchange facilities and anticounterfeit measures.
Currency Options: A contract where the purchaser of the option has the right but not the obligation to either purchase (call option) or
sell (put option) and the seller (or writer) of the option agrees to sell (call option) or purchase (put option) an agreed amount of a specified
currency at a price agreed in advance and denominated in another currency (known as the strike price) on a specified date (European
Option) or by an agreed date (American Option) in the future.
Currency Risk: The possibility that exchange rate changes will alter the expected amount of principal and return of the lending or
investment. Currency Verification and Processing System: This is an electronic mechanical device designed for examination, authentication,
and counting, sorting and online destruction of notes which are misfit for further circulation. The system is capable of sorting the notes on
the basis of denomination, design and level of shortage. Notes are sorted into fit, unfit, reject and suspect categories.
Current Account: It is the most common type of bank account, on which deposits do not earn interest, but can be withdrawn by cheque
at any time. The bank charges according to the number of cheques through the account and the credit balance. If the average balance is
high, the customer may pay no bank charges Current Account
Convertibility: Refers to the process of easing restrictions on current international transactions and liberalisation for payment of current
transactions involving foreign exchange. This is formalised by the country accepting the obligations of Article (Vii) of the International
Monetary Fund to refrain from imposing restrictions on the making of payments and transfers for current international transactions. With
the introduction of Current account convertibility, Authorised Dealers have been delegated extensive powers to provide foreign exchange
for current account transactions purposes.
Customer: A person who maintains any type of account with a bank is a bank customer. Consumer Protection Act has a wider definition
for Comment consumer as the one who purchases any service for a fee like purchasing a demand draft or a pay order. The term customer
is defined differently by Laws, softwares and countries.
Current Yield: A return measure that indicates the amount of current income a bond provides relative to its market price. It is shown as:
Coupon Rate divided by Price multiplied by 100%.
Custody of Securities: Registration of securities in the name of the person to whom a bank is accountable, or in the name of the banks
nominee; plus deposition of securities in a designated account with the banks bankers or with any other institution providing custodial
services.
ebit Card: A plastic card issued by banks to customers to withdraw money electronically from their accounts. When you purchase
things on the basis of Debit Card the amount due is debited immediately to the account. Many banks issue Debit-Cum-ATM Cards.
Debtor: A person who takes some money on loan from another person.
DEBT RECOVERY TRIBUNALS (DRT): These tribunals are established under the Recovery of Debt due to Banks and Financial
Institutions Act 1993 for expeditious adjudication and recovery of debts due to Banks and financial institutions and for connected matters
or incidental there to. Cases of recovery can be filed by Banks and financial institutions with the DRT where the amount of debt is not less
than Rs 10 lakh.
DEBT SERVICE RATIO: The proportion of annual export revenue (from goods and invisibles) of a country, which constitutes its
repayment obligations of the principal and interest on external debt for the year.
DEBENTURE A debenture is basically an unsecured loan to a corporation. A type of debt instrument that is not secured by physical
asset. Debentures are backed only by the general creditworthiness and reputation of the issuer.
i) Convertible Debentures: Any type of debenture that can be converted into some other security or it can be converted into stock.
ii) Non-Convertibility Debentures (NCB): Non-Convertible Debentures are those that cannot be converted into equity shares of the issuing
company, as opposed to Convertible debentures. Non-convertible debentures normally earn a higher interest rate than convertible
debentures do.
DEFICIT FINANCING: It is a planned excess of expenditure over income. Most governments now often spend more than they raise in
taxation, the difference being financed by borrowing. The term is normally used in economics to refer to a planned budget deficit incurred
in the interests of expanding aggregate demand by relaxing fiscal policy and thus injecting purchasing power into the economy.
DEFLATION:
Denotes persistent fall in general price levels of goods and services. It should not be confused with decline in prices in one economic sector
or fall in inflation rate (known as disinflation). While productivity driven deflation in which costs and prices are pushed lower by
technological advances is beneficial to the economy that reflecting sharp slump in demand, excess capacity and shrinking money supply
is harmful to the economy.
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DELIVERY VERSUS PAYMENT: Execution of trade and trade settlements are the two stages involved in securities and funds
transactions. There are two types of settlement systems. (i) Differed Net Settlements (DNS) and (ii) Real Time Gross Settlements (RTGS)
In DNS all claims and counter claims of participants are accumulated over a period of time and netted out to arrive a multilateral net
payment position. The RTGS on the other hand represents settlement of any transaction involving claims and counter claims instantly on
gross basis, thereby obviating the need for clearing arrangement. While netting out under DNS reduces the liquidity requirement for the
system, RTGS mechanism eliminates default risks. The application of principles of RTGS in the context of securities settlement is called
Delivery Vs Payment System. In the case of Government securities transactions the selling banker signs a form for transfer of securities
and the buying bank authorises transfer of funds from its account with the RBI.
DEMAND FOR MONEY: A term often used in the context of the study of inters- relationship between money, output and prices, to
explain why individuals and business hold money balances. The important motivations for holding money balances are
(i) Transaction demand signifying that people demand money to purchase goods and services
(ii) Asset demand relating to the desire to hold a very liquid risk free asset. In other approaches money holding is said to be resting on
the basic variables of income and rate of return.
DEMONETISATION: Refers to the policy of removal of certain currency from circulation or the discontinuance of the monetary unit of
a nation the value of which was previously defined in terms of precious metal. The standard money made of that metal is then said to be
demonetised but it may continue to circulate as Fiduciary Money. This measure is resorted to check black market operation and tax
evasion.
Demand Deposits: Deposits which are withdrawn on demand by customers. E.g. savings bank and current account deposits.
DEMAT ACCOUNT: Demat Account concept has revolutionized the capital market of India. When a depository company takes paper
shares from an investor and converts them in electronic form through the concerned company, it is called Dematerialization of Shares.
These converted Share Certificates in Electronic form are kept in a Demat Account by the Depository Company, like a bank keeps money
in a deposit account. Investor can withdraw the shares or purchase more shares through this demat Account.
DEPOSIT INSURANCE AND CREDIT GUARANTEE CORPORATION (DICGC): This Corporation was established in January
1962, under the Deposit Insurance Corporation Act, 1961 for the purpose of providing insurance cover to the bank depositors, particularly
small depositors against the risk of loss arising out of bank failures. All commercial banks including Local Area banks Regional Rural banks
are to be registered under the Scheme. All specified cooperative banks like State cooperative banks and Central cooperative banks
come under its ambit. As for the Credit Guarantee Scheme it is optional for the credit institutions. The Credit Guarantee Scheme is intended
to provide necessary incentive to banks and financial institutions for giving credit to small borrowers, (including small farmers) to priority
sector, to small-scale industries, etc; there is legislative proposal to do away with credit guarantee function of the corporation and to
introduce an alternative scheme.
DEPRECIATION: In accounting, this term means calculation, by any one of the standardised methods of the decline in the value of an
asset.
DEPRESSION: Denotes an economic condition characterised by lengthy period of low business activity when prices remain low, gross
domestic product falls, purchasing power is sharply reduced and unemployment is high.
DERIVATIVES: Financial derivatives are basically contingent contracts whose values are derived from some underlying financial
instruments like currency, bonds, stock indices, and commodities etc, whose future price movements are uncertain. Derivatives shift the risk
from the buyer of the derivative product to the seller and hence are effective risk management tools. Derivatives are used to protect
assets from erosion in value due to market volatility enhancing income by making a two-way price movement or making quick money by
taking advantage of the volatile price movement. The popular derivative products are forward rate agreement, interest rate futures,
interest rate swaps, option contracts etc.
Derivative Call (Put) Warrants: Warrants issued by a third party which grant the holder the right to buy (sell) the shares of a listed
company at a specified price. Derivative Instrument: Financial instrument whose value depends on the value of another asset.
DEVALUATION: With reference to a monetary unit, it implies a reduction in its metallic content as prescribed by law or the lowering
of the exchange rate of one nation's currency in terms of the currencies of other nations. Devaluation is introduced for improving relative
competitiveness in the international trade. It is resorted to as a corrective action towards solving balance of payment difficulties.
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES:
Developed countries are those who have achieved (currently or historically) a high degree of
industrialisation, and which enjoy the higher standards of living. The level of income in these countries are sufficient to generate the
required saving for future investments. As per the World Bank's classification these are the countries (high-income) with per capita Gross
National Income $3466 and more in 2005.
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: It is a group of countries that have not yet reached the stage of economic development characterised by
the growth of industrialization, nor a level of a national income sufficient to yield the domestic savings required to finance the investment
necessary for further growth. There are currently about 125 developing countries with populations over 1 million. As per the World Bank's
classification these are the countries (middle-income) with per capita Gross National Income between $876 and $3465 in 2005.
DISCOUNT BOND: A bond selling below par, as interest in-lieu to the bondholders.
DISHONOUR OF CHEQUE: Non-payment of a cheque by the paying banker with Comment a return memo giving reasons for the
non-payment.
DEFAULT RISK: The possibility that a bond issuer will default ie, fail to repay principal and interest in a timely manner.
DIVERSIFICATION: The inclusion of a number of different investment vehicles in a portfolio in order to increase returns or be exposed
to less risk.
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DURATION: A measure of bond price volatility, it captures both price and reinvestment risks to indicate how a bond will react to
different interest rate environments.
ASY MONEY POLICY: As contrasted to tight money policy this refers a policy of the central bank of expanding money supply
to reduce interest rates. One purpose of such a policy is to facilitate increase in investment thereby raising gross domestic product.
EARNINGS: The total profits of a company after taxation and interest.
EARNINGS PER SHARE (EPS): The amount of annual earnings available to common stockholders as stated on a per share basis.
EARNINGS YIELD:
The ratio of earnings to price (E/P). The reciprocal is price earnings ratio (P/E).
E-BANKING : E-Banking or electronic banking is a form of banking where funds are transferred through exchange of electronic signals
between banks and financial institution and customers ATMs, Credit Cards, Debit Cards, International Cards, Internet Banking and new
fund transfer devices like SWIFT, RTGS belong to this category.
ECONOMIC CAPITAL: As distinguished from Regulatory capital, the Economic Capital is defined by the Global Association of Risk
Professionals (GARP) as the capital cushion required against the underlying credit, market and operational risk exposure of a banking
organization. It is called 'economic" capital because it measures risk in terms of economic realities rather than potentially misleading
regulatory or accounting rules.
ECONOMIC SYSTEM: The term refers to the nature of economic life as a whole, with particular reference to the ownership and use of
property and extent of Government regulation and controls.
EFT - (Electronic Fund Transfer): EFT is a device to facilitate automatic transmission and processing of messages as well as funds
from one bank branch to another bank branch and even from one branch of a bank to a branch of another bank. EFT allows transfer of
funds electronically with debit and credit to relative accounts.
EITHER OR SURVIVOR: Refers to operation of the account opened in two names with a bank. It means that any one of the account
holders have powers to withdraw money from the account, issue cheques, give stop payment instructions etc. In the event of death of one
of the account holder, the surviving account holder gets all the powers of operation.
ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (E-COMMERCE): E-Commerce is the paperless commerce where the exchange of business takes place
by Electronic means.
EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES: These are countries that are starting to participate globally by implementing reform programmes
and undergoing economic improvement. A term coined in 1981 by Antoine W Van Agtmael of the International Finance Corporation, an
emerging market economy is defined as an economy with low- to- middle per capita income. Such countries constitute approximately 80%
of the global population, representing about 20% of the world's economies. To begin with the term "emerging market" was used to
describe a fairly narrow list of middle-tohigher income economies among the developing countries, with stock markets in which foreigners
could buy securities. The term's meaning has since been expanded to include more or less all developing countries. EMEs are characterised
as transitional, meaning they are in the process of moving from a closed to an open market economy while building accountability within
the system. Examples include the former Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc countries.
ENDORSEMENT: When a Negotiable Instrument contains, on the back of the instrument an endorsement, signed by the holder or payee
of an order instrument, transferring the title to the other person, it is called endorsement.
BOUNCING OF A CHEQUE: Where the name of the endorsee or transferee is not mentioned on the instrument.
ENDORSEMENT IN FULL: Where the name of the endorsee or transferee appears on the instrument while making endorsement.
EQUITY: Ownership of the company in the form of shares of common stock.
EQUITY CALL WARRANTS: Warrants issued by a company which give the holder the right to acquire new shares in that company at
a specified price and for a specified period of time.
ESCROW ACCOUNT: Escrow account is an account where the moneys parked will be released only on fulfilment of some conditions of
contract like export taking place or like power fed into the national power grid etc. (in the case of government getting power from
independent power producers). The beneficiary of the account can get the money after fulfilling the prescribed conditions. It is an account
placed in trust with a third party, by a borrower for a specific purpose and to be delivered to the borrower only up on the fulfilment of
certain conditions.
EX-DIVIDEND (XD): A security which no longer carries the right to the most recently declared dividend or the period of time between
the announcement of the dividend and the payment (usually two days before the record date). For transactions during the ex-dividend
period, the seller will receive the dividend, not the buyer. Ex-dividend status is usually indicated in newspapers with an (x) next to the
stocks or unit trusts name.
EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS: Execution of documents is done by putting signature of the person, or affixing his thumb impression or
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putting signature with stamp or affixing common seal of the company on the documents with or without signatures of directors as per
articles of association of the company.
EXCHANGE CONTROL: Refers to official restrictions, which limit the freedom of residents to buy and sell foreign exchange. The primary
aim of exchange control is the conservation of scarce foreign exchange resources. Controls are also used generally to support exchange
rate policy. Exchange control helps a country to avoid destabilising capital flows or sharp movements in reserves.
EXCHANGE RATE: This expresses the price of one unit of foreign currency in relation to the domestic currency in a foreign exchange
market. The foreign exchange market is a market where currencies of different countries are traded. Under the fixed exchange rate
regime where there are fixed par values, exchange rates are reasonably stable. Central Bank intervention in the forex market is frequent
and most of the foreign exchange transactions are in the spot or cash market. Under the floating exchange rate system, exchange rates
are not determined by Government or Central Bank but by the market forces of supply and demand. The exchange rates float or freely
move up and down. As there would be large fluctuation in the rates, exposure to risk increases and large proportion of transactions takes
place in forward market. Central Bank intervention in the market becomes less frequent. When the exchange rate is adjusted downwards,
prices of exports of goods and services fall in foreign currency terms and causes increase in foreign demand. Imports become costlier in
terms of domestic currency and tend to reduce domestic demand.
EXCHANGE RATE FORECASTING: Exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency. Outside fixed exchange
rate system, the rate, like any other market price is determined by the forces of demand and supply. These forces are governed by
certain economic variables like trade balances, inflation, interest rate etc. Fundamental approach to forecasting exchange rate depends
on forecasts of these key variables. As a rule of thumb method, exchange rate will tend to rise (fall) if
(i) The current account is in surplus (deficit)
(ii) Inflation relative to other countries is low (high)
(iii) Interest rate relative to other countries rise (fall).
The capital flows and interplay between market expectations and government policy often render the fundamental approach inadequate.
EXCHANGE RATE MANAGEMENT: One of the responsibilities of the RBI is to ensure the stability of the exchange rate of rupee. The
RBI Act 1934 empowers the RBI to buy from and sell to any authorised person foreign exchange at such rate of exchange and on such
terms and conditions that the government may decide. Presently the RBI announces a reference rate based on the quotation of a few
selected banks in Mumbai at 12 noon every day and buys and sells only U.S. Dollar. The exchange rate is determined by the supply and
demand of the currency. When the demand for currency exceeds supply, the currency becomes dear and vice versa. In order to bring
orderly conditions in the market and protect the domestic currency's value, Central Bank intervenes in the market by selling or buying the
foreign currency in the market. The objective of the exchange rate management is to ensure that the external value of the rupee is realistic
and credible so as to have sustainable balance of payments position and healthy foreign exchange situation.
EXPOSURE NORMS: Refers to the prescription of limits on exposure with Comment respect to credit (funded or non-funded) and
investment to
(i) individual/group borrowers in India,
(ii) Specific industry or sectors and towards unsecured guarantees and unsecured advances. Exposure limits are also prescribed with
regard to advances against shares/debentures. This is intended to attain better risk management and avoidances of concentration of
credit risks.
EXTERNAL DEBT: Refers to outstanding contractual liabilities of residents of a country to non-residents in gross terms, involving payment
of interest with or without principal or payment of interest principal with or without interest. The debt liabilities consist of long term and
short term liabilities.
ace Value/ Nominal Value: The value of a financial instrument as stated on the instrument. Interest is calculated on face/nominal
value.
FCCB: A Foreign Currency Convertible Bond (FCCB) is a type of convertible bond issued in a currency different than the issuers domestic
currency. In other words, the money being raised by the issuing company is in the form of a foreign currency. A company may issue an
FCCB if it intends to make a large investment in a country using that foreign currency.
FIAT MONEY: Refers to money, like the currency of the present day, without intrinsic value but decreed (by fiat) to be legal tender by
the Government. Fiat money is accepted only as long as people have confidence that it will be accepted as medium of exchange.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION: Refers to the delivery of banking service at an affordable cost to the vast sections of disadvantaged and
low income groups of the population. The purpose of financial inclusion is to provide access to banking, access to affordable credit and
access to free information on money matters. This concept has become a part of public policy so as to make available banking and
payment services to the entire population without discrimination. The primary aim is to avoid the pitfalls of financial exclusion in the form
of social tension arising from lack of empowerment of the low- income strata of the population.
FINANCIAL MARKETS: Financial markets comprise of financial assets or instruments and financial institutions involved in movements of
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funds. The important segments of financial markets are

(i) Organised credit market dominated by commercial banks,
(ii) The money market with call/notice money segments forming a significant portion,
(iii) Capital market consisting of primary and secondary equity markets and term lending institutions,
(iv) Debt market dealing in public sector bonds and corporate debentures,
(v) gilt edged market dealing in government securities,
(vi) Housing finance market,
(vii) Hire purchase, leasing finance and other nonbanking financial companies,
(viii) Insurance market,
(ix) Informal credit market and
(x) Foreign exchange market.
FINANCIAL STABILITY: Financial stability broadly refers to the smooth functioning of the key elements (like financial institutions and
markets) that constitute the financial system. It describes a steady state in which the financial system effectively performs its key economic
functions such as allocating resources and spreading risks as well as settling payments. Financial stability thwarts financial crises.
FINANCIAL SYSTEM: This consists of financial institutions, financial instruments and financial markets, providing an effective payments
and credit system and channelling of funds from the savers to the investing sectors in the economy. Financial institutions or financial
intermediaries mobilise savings of the community and ensure efficient allocation of these savings to high yielding investment projects so
that they can offer attractive and assured returns to savers and this process give rise to money and other various financial assets. Standing
at the centre of the financial system, the Reserve Bank's aim is to maintain financial stability in the country as an essential ingredient for
healthy, safe and successful economy.
FISCAL POLICY: Refers to Government's policy towards taxation, public debt, public expenditure, appropriation and similar matters
having an effect on the private business and economy of the nation as a whole. Taxation and public expenditure policies which are at the
centre of fiscal policy, are adopted to help dampen the business cycle swings and contribute to the maintenance of growing economy with
high employment and price stability. Fiscal policy is often used to correct the nation's saving investment imbalance and recessionary trends
that cannot be managed by monetary policy. Fiscal policy directly affects the financial resources and purchasing power in the hands of
the public and hence is an important determinant of aggregate demand.
FISCAL DEFICIT: The difference between revenue receipts plus non debt capital receipts on one side and total expenditure including
loans, net of repayment, on the other side. In other words, this is the budget deficit plus borrowings and other liabilities.
Fixed-income Securities: Investment vehicles that offer a fixed periodic return.

FIXED RATE BONDS: Bonds bearing fixed interest payments until maturity date.
FLOATING RATE BONDS: Bonds bearing interest payments that are tied to current interest rates.
FACTORING: Business of buying trade debts at a discount and making a profit when debt is realized and also taking over collection
of trade debts at agreed prices.
FOREIGN BANKS: Banks incorporated outside India but operating in India and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), e.g.,
Barclays Bank, HSBC, Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, etc.
FORFEITING: In International Trade when an exporter finds it difficult to realize money from the importer, he sells the right to receive
money at a discount to a forfeiter, who undertakes inherent political and commercial risks to finance the exporter, of course with assumption
of a profit in the venture.
FORGERY: when a material alteration is made on a document or a Negotiable Instrument like a cheque, to change the mandate of the
drawer, with intention to defraud.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE ASSETS OF BANKING SECTOR: Refers to net foreign exchanges of RBI comprising gold coin and bullion,
foreign securities and balances held abroad offset by A/C NO: 1 of International Monetary Fund with RBI. Foreign currency assets of
other banks include balances held abroad in Nostro account etc. and investments in eligible foreign securities and bonds less overseas
borrowings of banks and non-resident repatriable foreign currency fixed deposits with banks
FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT (FEMA): Replacing the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) the Foreign Exchange
Management Act was enacted in 1999, the provisions of which are aimed at consolidating and amending the law relating to foreign
exchange transactions with a view to facilitate external trade and payments and development of foreign exchange market. This change
was brought out in the context of certain developments in the external sector like sizable increase in the foreign exchange reserve, growth
in foreign trade, rationalisation of tariffs, current account convertibility, liberalisation of Indian investment abroad, increased access to
external borrowings and investment in Indian stock market by foreign institutional investors. While FERA laid stress on conservation of
foreign exchange and its proper utilisation, FEMA aims at facilitating external trade and promoting orderly development of forex market.
FERA was a criminal law whereas FEMA is a piece of civil law.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET: Under the provisions of RBI Act, the RBI authorises on application, any person to deal in foreign
exchange or in foreign securities as authorised dealer. The major participants in the forex market are banks which have been authorised
to deal in foreign exchange. Industrial Development bank of India, Industrial Finance Corporation of India, Industrial credit and investment
Corporation of India have also been licensed to undertake non-trade transactions incidental to the main business activities. The RBI also
issues licences to certain individuals, established firms and hotels to deal in foreign currency and they are known as money changers.
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FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES OF RBI: Accretion to the foreign exchange reserves of the RBI comes from purchase of U.S. Dollar
from authorised dealers, aid and loan receipts on Government of India account, International Monetary Fund transactions, purchase of
foreign currencies from international institutions and foreign central banks, earnings in the form of interest and discount. The outgo will be
mainly on account sale of US. Dollar to authorised dealers on account of Bank's intervention in the market and International Monetary
Fund transactions. The bank's foreign reserves are held mainly in balances with foreign central banks, overnight investments, investment in
treasury bills, fixed deposits with Bank for International Settlements and major foreign commercial banks, Certificates of Deposits issued
by the banks and investments in long term securities of foreign governments, IBRD and Asian Development Bank. Dollar Main inflow:
(Supply)
through export
Through FII investment in share and Debt market
Repatriation fund sent back to India by NRI Dollar main outflow: (Demand)
Paid for import
Withdrawal of funds FII
Capital loan repayment
FORWARD EXCHANGE RATE: A forward exchange rate is a rate of exchange which is fixed immediately, by means of a forward
exchange contract, but the exchange transaction to which it is applicable would take place at some future date as agreed upon. A
forward exchange contract is a firm and binding bargain between a bank and its customer, or between two banks, under which one party
undertakes to deliver and the other to receive a fixed sum in foreign currency against payment in Indian rupees, on a fixed future date,
or between two fixed dates, at a pre-determined rate fixed at time the contract is made. Forward exchange operations enable the
creditor who has to receive payment of his debt, in terms of a foreign currency, at a future date, to know exactly the value of money he
has to receive in terms of his own currency. Similarly, it enables a debtor who has to pay certain amount, at some future date, in terms of
a foreign currency, to know precisely the probable cost.
FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS: Research to predict stock value that focuses on such determinants as earnings and dividends prospects,
expectations for future interest rates and risk evaluation of the firm.
FUTURE VALUE: The amount to which a current deposit will grow over a period of time when it is placed in an account paying compound
interest.
FUTURE VALUE OF AN ANNUITY: The amount to which a stream of equal cash flows that occur in equal intervals will grow over a
period of time when it is placed in an account paying compound interest.
FUTURES CONTRACT: A commitment to deliver a certain amount of some specified item at some specified date in the future.
ARNISHEE ORDER: When a Court directs a bank to attach the funds to the credit of customer's account under provisions of
Section 60 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
GENERAL LIEN: A right of the creditors to retain possession of all goods given in security to him by the debtor for any outstanding
debt.
GENERAL LINE OF CREDIT (GLC): A General Line of Credit may be defined as an arrangement in which a bank or a vendor extends
a specified amount of unsecured credit to a specified borrower for a specified time period. For example, RBI extends a GLC to NABARD
under section 17(4E) of the RBI Act to enable it to meet the credit requirement of co-operatives and RRBs.
GIFFEN GOODS: They are goods which do not obey the laws of demand.
GILTS: Term denotes Government securities like Central Government loans and State Government loans. Include government guaranteed
bonds like that of IDBI. 'Gilts' is the short form for gilt-edged securities- so called because they carry no risk.
GLOBALISATION: This term connotes a process by which the national economy moves towards a single borderless world economy with
open market. It implies expansion of markets for goods, services, labour and capital beyond national boundaries. Independence of
countries, competition, and dominance of market and private sector characterise the globalisation process.
GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: Goods and Service tax is a tax on goods and services, which is leviable at each point of sale or
provision of service, in which at the time of sale of goods or providing the services the seller or services provider can claim the input credit
of tax which he ahs paid while purchasing the goods or procuring the service. GST is an indirect tax and ultimate burden of the GST has
to be taken by the last customer. It will be applicable from April 01, 2012.
GOVERNMENT BUDGET-DEFICIT: Budget deficit broadly represents excess of total expenditures over total receipts with borrowings
not included among receipts. The various measures of budget deficit are as follows.
1. Traditional budget deficit: Revenue expenditure +capital expenditure +net domestic lending - revenue receipts + foreign borrowings
+ domestic borrowings excluding treasury bills.
2. Monetary deficit: This is measured by the changes in Reserve Bank credit to government represented by total RBI holdings of government
securities (dated securities and treasury bills) less central governments deposits with the Reserve Bank.
3. Gross Fiscal Deficit: Revenue expenditure +capital expenditure +net domestic lending-revenue receipts +grants (deficit is covered
through all borrowings).
4. Net fiscal deficit: Gross fiscal deficit -Net domestic lending.
5. Primary deficit: gross fiscal deficit -net interest payments, i.e. interest payments -interest earnings
6. Net primary deficit: (non-interest revenue expenditure +capital expenditure)-(non-interest revenue receipts +grants). Primary deficit
concept indicates the extent to which current fiscal actions affects the debt position of Union Government.
OVERNMENT'S CURRENCY LIABILITIES TO PUBLIC: Denotes circulation of rupee coins and small coins.
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GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP): Gross Domestic Product is a measure of the total value of final goods and services produced
within a country during a given year. Gross domestic product can be measured in two different ways
(1) As the flow of final product and
(2) As the total cost or earnings of inputs producing output.
Each year public consumes a wide variety of final goods and services. Summation of the value spent on these final goods and services
will give the GDP in an over simplified example of calculation. Comprehensive definition of GDP would include all final goods and
services, like consumption expenditure, private investment, and government spending on goods and services and net exports to the rest of
the world. In other words GDP is defined as the total money value of the final products produced by the nation. Intermediate products
are excluded. The second way to calculate GDP is to total the annual flow of factor earnings, wages, interest, rent and profits that are
the costs of producing society's final products. This is called the cost or earning approach. Gross National Product (GNP) equals the GDP
plus the income accruing to domestic residents less income earned by the foreigners in the domestic economy.
Guarantee: A contract between guarantor and beneficiary to ensure performance of a promise or discharge the liability of a third
person. If promise is broken or not performed, the guarantor pays contracted amount to the beneficiary. H
EDGE: A combination of two or more securities into a single investment position for the purpose of reducing or eliminating risk.
HEDGE FUND: Hedge means to reduce financial risk. A hedge fund is an investment fund open to a limited range of investors
and requires a very large initial minimum investment. It is important to note that hedging is actually the practice of attempting to reduce
risk, but the goal of most hedge funds is to maximize return on investment.
HOLDER: Holder means any person entitled in his own name to the possession of the cheque, bill of exchange or promissory note and
who is entitled to receive or recover the amount due on it from the parties. For example, if I give a cheque to my friend to withdraw
money from my bank, he becomes holder of that cheque. Even if he loses the cheque, he continues to be holder. Finder cannot become the
holder.
HOLDER IN DUE COURSE : A person who receives a Negotiable Instrument for value, before it was due and in good faith, without
notice of any defect in it, he is called holder in due course as per Negotiable Instrument Act. In the earlier example if my friend lends
some money to me on the basis of the cheque, which I have given to him for encashment, he becomes holder-indue course.
Hypothecation: Charge against property for an amount of debt where neither ownership nor possession is passed to the creditor. In
pledge, possession of property is passed on to the lender but in hypothecation, the property remains with the borrower in trust for the
lender. I
DENTIFICATION: When a person provides a document to a bank or is being identified by a person, who is known to the bank, it is
called identification. Banks ask for identification before paying an order cheque or a demand draft across the counter.
IMPORT COVER: Level of a country's international reserves in relation to its average monthly import bill. Three months import cover
is regarded as an adequate insurance against severe payment difficulties. IMPOSSIBLE TRINITY: It stands for theoretical impossibility of
having a macroeconomic situation in a country in which all the following three aspects together can coexist, namely
(1) Pegged exchange rate
(2) Free capital flows and
(3) Independent monetary policy.
Due to conflicting objectives, an economy cannot achieve monetary independence, exchange rate stability and full financial integration
by allowing free capital flows. Free capital flows will affect exchange rates; monetary independence also would affect exchange rates
(increase or decrease in domestic money supply will affect exchange rates). Likewise, if a country tries to maintain fixed exchange rate,
it has to absorb all the inflows of foreign capital, which in turn will affect the money supply. This will affect the monetary independence
because of disturbance to the monetary policy stance.
INDEMNIFIER: When a person indemnifies or guarantees to make good any loss caused to the lender from his actions or others' actions.
INDEMNITY: Indemnity is a bond where the indemnifier undertakes to reimburse the beneficiary from any loss arising due to his actions
or third party actions.
INCOME: The amount of money an individual receives in a particular time period.

INDEX FUND: A mutual fund that holds shares in proportion to their representation in a market index, such as the S&P 500.
INDIAN FINANCIAL NET WORK (INFINET): This was set up by the Reserve Bank in 1999 through the Institute for Development and
Research in Banking and Technology (IDRBT). The purpose is to establish an efficient, safe and dependable communications backbone to
cater to the networking requirements of public sector banks and financial institutions. All fund based operations such as electronic fund
transfers, centralised fund management scheme, anywhere banking, government securities trading, ATM/Credit transactions, currency
chest accounting are done through this.
INDIRECT QUOTATION: Foreign exchange rate which values the domestic currency in terms of the foreign currency. For example, in
London the value of one pound expressed in terms of other currency.
INFLATION: Inflationary price movement means a rise in the comprehensive price index, say, index of wholesale prices. The implication
of inflation is that the value of money tends to grow unstable. The inflationary situation is generally featured by
(a) Rise in prices and cost of living
(b) Excess of money supply
(c) Prevalence of restraints on consumption and
(d) Administrative controls.
The classical type of inflation occurs when the money supply increases faster than the output of goods or services. Yet another type of
inflation emerges out of the operation of factors of cost evidenced by a more or less constant rise in cost of production which is passed on
to consumers.
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INFLATION MEASUREMENT: Inflation rate forms part of important macro-economic indicators used by policy makers particularly
central bankers in policy formulation. Inflation could be measured through three sets of price indices namely, the Whole price indices
(WPI), implicit National Income Deflator and Consumer Price Indices (CPI). The WPI is compiled for all commodities as well as major groups
and individual commodities and is published on a weekly basis since 1942. Weights are assigned to the commodities/sub-groups/major
groups on the basis of the value of the whole sale market transactions at the time of adoption of the base year. The commodities are
classified under 3 major groups,
(1) Primary articles,
(2) Fuel, power, light and lubricants and

(3) Manufactured products.
This index because of the good frequency of availability helps continuous monitoring. The National Income Deflator, a comprehensive
index is derived as a ratio of GDP at current prices to GDP in real terms. It encompasses all the economic activities including services. The
CPI reflects the retail prices of selected goods in the commodity market of homogeneous group of consumers. Consumer price indices are
separately computed for
(1) Industrial workers
(2) Urban non-manual employees and
(3) Agricultural labourers.
The major groups covered are food, pan supary, tobacco, intoxicants, fuel, housing, clothing, bedding, and footwear and miscellaneous
items.
INFLATION TARGETING: Inflation Targeting is a monetary policy framework with public announcement of official quantitative target
or target ranges for the inflation rate and explicit acknowledgement that low or stable inflation constitute the long run goal of monetary
policy.
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT FINANCE COMPANY (IDFC): For the purpose of fostering the growth of private capital flow
for infrastructure facilities like power, roads, railways, highways, waterways, irrigation etc, on a commercially viable basis, the IDFC was
established in Chennai as a Limited company in January 1997. It acts as a direct lender and a refinancing agency. The Government of
India and Reserve Bank hold 40 percent stake in the company. Other institutions who have participated in the share capital are Industrial
Credit and Investment Corporation of India, Unit trust of India and Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd. The company also
promotes debt securitisation and offers credit guarantees.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (IPO): An event where a company sells its shares to the public for the first time. The company can be
referred to as an IPO for a period of time after the event. Inside Information: Non-public knowledge about a company possessed by its
officers, major owners, or other individuals with privileged access to information. INSIDER TRADING: The illegal use of non-public
information about a company to make profitable securities transactions Insolvent: Insolvent is a person who is unable to pay his debts as
they mature, as his liabilities are more than the assets. Civil Courts declare such persons insolvent. Banks do not open accounts of insolvent
persons as they cannot enter into contract as per law. Interest Warrant: When cheque is given by a company or an organization in
payment of interest on deposit, it is called interest warrant. Interest warrant has all the characteristics of a cheque. International Banking:
involves more than two nations or countries. If an Indian Bank has branches in different countries like State Bank of India, it is said to do
International Banking.
INTRODUCTION: Banks are careful in opening any account for a customer as the prospective customer has to be introduced by an
existing account holder or a staff member or by any other person known to the bank for opening of account. If bank does not take
introduction, it will amount to negligence and will not get protection under law.
INTRINSIC VALUE: The difference of the exercise price over the market price of the underlying asset. Investment: A vehicle for funds
expected to increase its value and/or generate positive returns.
INVESTMENT ADVISER: A person who carries on a business which provides investment advice with respect to securities and is registered
with the relevant regulator as an investment adviser.
IPO PRICE: The price of share set before being traded on the stock exchange. Once the company has gone Initial Public Offering, the
stock price is determined by supply and demand.
INTERNAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT PROCESS (ICAAP): This is intended to ensure that the capital held by the Bank
is commensurate with Comment the Bank's overall risk profile. The ICAAP takes into account effectiveness of Bank's risk management system
in identifying, assessing, measuring, monitoring and managing various risks. ICAAP comprises all of the Bank's procedures and measures
designed to ensure: a. appropriate definition and measurement of risks and b. appropriate level of internal capital in relation to Bank's
risk profile.
INTEREST RATE: Interest rate is the price of borrowing or "renting" money as an asset with its purchasing power services. As the
"renting" of money creates credit, interest is the price of credit. The price of money is the cost of commodity or service bought with money.
INTERVENTION: Broad definition of intervention is any sale or purchase of foreign exchange against domestic currency in the exchange
market by the Central Bank. Defined narrowly, Central Bank transactions in the foreign exchange market should be called "intervention"
only if
(i) They are sterilized, i.e. are offset by Central bank transactions that nullify any impact on domestic money creation (unsterilised
intervention would then be considered monetary policy);
(ii) The purpose is to influence the exchange rate. Essentially, intervention consciously seeks to stem the adverse current market trend.
ISSUE DEPARTMENT: Issue Department of the Reserve Bank of India is entrusted with the responsibility of obtaining currency notes
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and coins from the currency printing presses and mints and distributing them to the treasuries, sub-treasuries and the bank's agencies and
sub-agencies, maintaining currency chests and small coin depots, removing from chests old and unserviceable notes for destruction in due
course after examination. Issue Department is comprised of two sections, the General resource section which arranges for supply of notes
and coins from the presses and Government Mint and their withdrawal from circulation, settlement of claims on defective notes, preparation
of currency circulation account. The cash section handles the cash transaction and the actual receipt and remittances of cash.
HF Account: Joint Hindu Family Account is account of a firm whose business is carried out by Karta of the Joint family, acting for
all the family members. The family members have common ancestor and generally maintain a common residence and are subject to
common social, economic and religious regulations. Joint Account:
When two or more individuals jointly open an account with a bank.
Junk Bond: High-risk securities that have received low ratings (i.e. Standard & Poors BBB rating or below; or Moodys BBB rating or
below) and as such, produce high yields, so long as they do not go into default.
ARTA: Manager of a Hindu Undivided Family (HUF) who handles the family business. He is usually the eldest male member of
the undivided family.
KIOSK BANKING: Doing banking from a cubicle from which food, newspapers, tickets etc. are also sold.
KYC Norms: Know your customer norms are imposed by R.B.I. on banks and other financial institutions to ensure that they know their
customers and to ensure that customers deal only in legitimate banking operations and not in money laundering or frauds.
AW OF LIMITATION: Limitation Act of 1963 fixes the limitation period of debts and obligations including banks loans and
advances. If the period fixed for particular debt or loan expires, one cannot file a suit for is recovery, but the fact of the debt or
loan is not denied. It is said that law of limitation bars the remedy but does not extinguish the right.
LEASE FINANCING: Financing for the business of renting houses or lands for a specified period of time and also hiring out of an asset
for the duration of its economic life. Leasing of a car or heavy machinery for a specific period at specific price is an example.
LETTER OF CREDIT: A document issued by importers bank to its branch or agent abroad authorizing the payment of a specified sum
to a person named in Letter of Credit (usually exporter from abroad). Letters of Credit are covered by rules framed under Uniform
Customs and Practices of Documentary Credits framed by International Chamber of Commerce in Paris.
LIMITED COMPANIES ACCOUNTS: Accounts of companies incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956. A company may be private
or public. Liability of the shareholders of a company is generally limited to the face value of shares held by them.
LEVERAGE RATIO: Financial ratios that measure the amount of debt being used to support operations and the ability of the firm to
service its debt.
LIBOR: The London Interbank Offered Rate (or LIBOR) is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend
unsecured funds to other banks in the London wholesale money market (or interbank market). The LIBOR rate is published daily by the
British Bankers Association and will be slightly higher than the London Interbank Bid Rate (LIBID), the rate at which banks are prepared
to accept deposits.
LIMIT ORDER: An order to buy (sell) securities which specifies the highest (lowest) price at which the order is to be transacted.
Limited Company: The passive investors in a partnership, who supply most of the capital and have liability limited to the amount of
their capital contributions.
LIQUIDITY: The ability to convert an investment into cash quickly and with little or no loss in value.
LISTING: Quotation of the Initial Public Offering Companys shares on the stock exchange for public trading.
LISTING DATE: The date on which Initial Public Offering stocks are first traded on the stock exchange by the public.
ARGIN CALL: A notice to a client that it must provide money to satisfy a minimum margin requirement set by an Exchange or
by a bank / broking firm.
MARKET CAPITALIZATION: The product of the number of the companys outstanding ordinary shares and the market price
of each share.
MARKET MAKER: A dealer who maintains an inventory in one or more stocks and undertakes to make continuous two-sided quotes.
MARKET ORDER: An order to buy or an order to sell securities which is to be executed at the prevailing market price.
MONEY MARKET: Market in which short-term securities are bought and sold.
MARGINAL STANDING FACILITY RATE: MSF scheme has become effective from 09th May, 2011 launched by the RBI. Under this
scheme, Banks will be able to borrow up to 1% of their respective Net Demand and Time Liabilities. The rate of interest on the amount
accessed from this facility will be 100 basis points (i.e. 1%) above the repo rate. This scheme is likely to reduce volatility in the overnight
rates and improve monetary transmission.
MANDATE: Written authority issued by a customer to another person to act on his behalf, to sign cheques or to operate a bank account.
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MATERIAL ALTERATION: Alteration in an instrument so as to alter the character of an instrument for example when date, amount,
name of the payee are altered or making a cheque payable to bearer from an order one or opening the crossing on a cheque.
MERCHANT BANKING : When a bank provides to a customer various types of financial services like accepting bills arising out of
trade, arranging and providing underwriting, new issues, providing advice, information or assistance on starting new business, acquisitions,
mergers and foreign exchange.
MICRO FINANCE: Micro Finance aims at alleviation of poverty and empowerment of weaker sections in India. In micro finance, very
small amounts are given as credit to poor in rural, semi-urban and urban areas to enable them to raise their income levels and improve
living standards.
MINOR ACCOUNTS: A minor is a person who has not attained legal age of 18 years. As per Contract Act a minor cannot enter into
a contract but as per Negotiable Instrument Act, a minor can draw, negotiate, endorse, receive payment on a Negotiable Instrument so
as to bind all the persons, except himself. In order to boost their deposits many banks open minor accounts with some restrictions.
MOBILE BANKING : With the help of M-Banking or mobile banking customer can check his bank balance, order a demand draft, stop
payment of a cheque, request for a cheque book and have information about latest interest rates.
MONEY LAUNDERING: When a customer uses banking channels to cover up his suspicious and unlawful financial activities, it is called
money laundering.
MONEY MARKET: Money market is not an organized market like Bombay Stock Exchange but is an informal network of banks, financial
institutions who deal in money market instruments of short term like CP, CD and Treasury bills of Government.
MORATORIUM: R.B.I. imposes moratorium on operations of a bank; if the affairs of the bank are not conducted as per banking norms.
After moratorium R.B.I. and Government explore the options of safeguarding the interests of depositors by way of change in management,
amalgamation or take over or by other means.
MORTGAGE: Transfer of an interest in specific immovable property for the purpose of offering a security for taking a loan or advance
from another. It may be existing or future debt or performance of an agreement which may create monetary obligation for the transferor
(mortgagor).
MUTUAL FUND: A company that invests in and professionally manages a diversified portfolio of securities and sells shares of the
portfolio to investors. N
ABARD: National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development was setup in 1982 under the Act of 1981. NABARD finances and
regulates rural financing and also is responsible for development agriculture and rural industries.
NATIONAL PRODUCT or NATIONAL INCOME: This is an indicator of economic performance of a country in any given
period and is the measure of product generated in a country and income accrued from abroad.
(National income = Net national product at factor cost = Sum of all the factor payments (wages, salaries, rent, interest, and profit) = the
value of all final goods and services, sold/ produced in the economy as whole. Gross national product - depreciation or capital
consumption = Net national product at factor cost. Net national product at factor cost + indirect taxes subsidies = Net national product
at market prices.
NARASIMHAM COMMITTEE: A Committee on Financial System under the chairmanship of M. Narasimham was set up by the
Government of India to examine all aspects relating to the structure, organisation, functions and procedures of the financial system and
make recommendations with a view to remove the rigidities and weaknesses of the financial system The Committees' recommendations
made in November 1991 constitute a landmark in the Banking policy in the country and ushered the banking business into a market
oriented system. The RBI has been implementing the key recommendations of the committee since January 1992, which encompassed
modifying the policy framework, improving the financial soundness of banks, strengthening institutional framework and strengthening of
supervisory mechanism. A second high-level committee on banking sector reforms under the chairmanship of M. Narasimham was appointed
by the Government in 1997, to review the record of implementation of financial sector reforms recommended by the first committee and
to chart the reforms necessary in the years ahead. The Committee in its report submitted in April 1998 gave wide ranging recommendations
to strengthen the banking system and revamp the regulatory and supervisory functions.
NEGOTIATION: In the context of banking, negotiation means an act of transferring or assigning a money instrument from one person
to another person in the course of business.
NET ASSET VALUE: The underlying value of a share of stock in a particular mutual fund; also used with preferred stock.
NON-FUND BASED LIMITS: Non-Fund Based Limits are those type of limits where banker does not part with the funds but may have
to part with funds in case of default by the borrowers, like guarantees, letter of credit and acceptance facility.
NON-RESIDENT: A person who is not a resident of India is a non-resident. Non-Resident Accounts: Accounts of non-resident Indian
citizens opened and maintained as per R.B.I. Rules.
NOTARY PUBLIC: A Lawyer who is authorized by Government to certify copies of documents.

NPA Account: If interest and instalments and other bank dues are not paid in any loan account within a specified time limit, it is being
treated as nonperforming assets of a bank.
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PEN MARKET OPERATION: A monetary policy instrument which is used by the Reserve Bank mainly with a view to affect
the reserve base of the banks and thereby the extent of monetary expansion. It also, in the process, helps to create and maintain
a desired pattern of yield on government securities and to assist the government in raising resources from the capital market.
Under the RBI Act, the RBI is authorised to purchase and sell the securities of the Union Government and State Governments of
any maturity and the security specified by the Central Government on the recommendation of Bank's Central Board. Presently the RBI
deals only in the securities issued by the Union Government. Open market operations are by way outright sale and purchase of securities
through the Securities Department and repo and reverse repo transactions.
OUT SOURCING BY BANKS: Outsourcing involves using the service of a third party (either affiliated or external to the corporate
entity) to perform activities on a continuing basis that would normally be undertaken by the bank itself. Third party or service provider
refers to the entity that is undertaking the outsourced activity on behalf of the bank. The bank will have to ensure effective management
of certain risks associated with outsourcing like strategic risk, reputation risk, compliance risk, operational risk, country risk, contractual risk,
access risk, systemic risk, etc., so as to avoid damage to bank's business operation, reputation or profitability.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ITEMS: Those items which affect the financial position of a business concern, but do not appear in the Balance
Sheet E.g. guarantees, letters of credit. The mention "off Balance Sheet items" is often found in Auditors Reports or Directors Reports.
OFF-SHORE BANKING UNITS: With a view to providing an internationally competitive and hassle-free environment for production
for exports the Government of India introduced Special Economic Zones (SEZs). The Government of India also permitted to set up offshore banking units in these zones. These units are virtually foreign branches of Indian banks but located in India. All banks operating in
India authorised to deal in foreign exchange are allowed to open off-shore banking units. The Reserve bank grants exemption from Cash
Reserve Ratio requirement to the parent bank in respect of these branches. Banks, however, have to keep Statutory Liquidity Ratio for the
branches. The sources for raising foreign currency funds are external. Deployment of funds restricted to lending to units located in SEZs
and SEZ developers. The branches are not allowed to deal in Indian rupee.
OFF-SITE MONITORING AND SURVEILLANCE (OSMOS): This system providing on-going monitoring of performance of banks
was introduced in 1995 with the aim of assessing the financial position of banks between the periods of on-site inspection. Under this
banks are required to submit periodical returns to the RBI incorporating data on assets, liabilities, interest rate and liquidity risk, offbalance sheet exposure etc. The exercise involves two-tier approaches
(1) Analysis of statistical reports and (2) routine discussions with management.
OFFER FOR SALE: An offer to the public by, or on behalf of, the holders of securities already in issue. Offer for Subscription: The offer
of new securities to the public by the issuer or by someone on behalf of the issuer. Online Banking: Banking through internet site of the
bank which is made interactive.
OPEN-END (MUTUAL) FUND: There is no limit to the number of shares the fund can issue. The fund issues new shares of stock and fills
the purchase order with those new shares. Investors buy their shares from, and sell them back to, the mutual fund itself. The share prices
are determined by their net asset value.
OPEN OFFER: An offer to current holders of securities to subscribe for securities whether or not in proportion to their existing holdings.
OPTION: A security that gives the holder the right to buy or sell a certain amount of an underlying financial asset at a specified price
for a specified period of time.
OVERSUBSCRIBED: When an Initial Public Offering has more applications than actual shares available. Investors will often apply for
more shares than required in anticipation of only receiving a fraction of the requested number. Investors and underwriters will often look
to see if an IPO is oversubscribed as an indication of the publics perception of the business potential of the IPO Company.
ASS BOOK: A record of all debit and credit entries in a customer's account. Generally all banks issue pass books to Savings
Bank/Current Account Holders. Par Bond: A bond selling at par (i.e. at its face value). Par Value: The face value of a security.
PARA BANKING the activities which are done by a Bank apart from its normal day to day transactions (like deposit,
withdrawal etc.) are called Para Banking Activities / Operations. Examples for the Para-Banking activities that a Bank normally involves:
Global Debit Card, Global Credit Card, Bancassurance etc.
PARTICIPATION CERTIFICATE (PCs): The PCs were introduced in 1969 with a basic idea that it would even out the liquidity pressure
within money market. This is an instrument which enables a bank to sell to a third party (the transferee) a part or all of an advance made
by it to a borrower or client against hypothecation of goods or book-debt. Legally speaking the PC is a deed of transfer. The PC in
practice represented a borrower-lender relationship between the PC issuer and the banks /institutions purchasing it. The issuing bank is
bound to repay the purchaser bank or participant on maturity irrespective of the position of borrower mentioned in the certificate. There
are two types of inter-bank participations: one on risk sharing basis and the other without risk sharing. The maximum amount for which
inter-bank participation would be issued is restricted to 40 percent of outstanding advances. Inter-bank participations with sharing is
exempted from Statutory Liquidity Ratio and Cash Reserve Ratio.
PARTICIPATORY NOTES: These are derivative instruments issued by registered Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) to their clients, who
are not directly allowed to buy or sell in Indian markets. Participatory notes are like contract notes and are issued by foreign institutional
investors to their overseas clients who may not be eligible to invest in Indian stock market. Foreign institutional investors invest funds on
behalf of such investors, who prefer to avoid making disclosures required by various regulators. These clients could be high net worth nonresident individual or Overseas Corporate Bodies or other unregistered units (in India). FIIs use their client's money to buy or sell stocks in
Indian market. Returns for clients depend on the gains/loss made by these registered FIIs from Indian markets.
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PERPETUAL BONDS: Bonds which have no maturity date.

PERPETUAL DEBT: To enhance the capital raising options of banks, Reserve Bank of India allows banks to raise Innovative Perpetual
Debt Instruments (IPDI), which will be eligible for inclusion as Tier I capital. Such debt will not have any maturity date, i.e. will be perpetual
like equity shares. Claims of investors in Perpetual Debt shall be superior to that of equity share investors and subordinated to that of all
other investors. Quantum of Perpetual Debt is restricted to 15% of total Tier I capital. Placing: Obtaining subscriptions for, or the sale of,
primary market, where the new securities of issuing companies are initially sold.
PLANNED AND NON PLANNED EXPENDITURE: The world Plan here refers to the governments five year economic plans. The
Planning Commission is responsible for coming out with plans every five years to determine the direction the country should move it and
allocate resource efficiently. The first five year plan was launched in 1951; Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning
commission. Currently, the 10th Five Year Plan is on (20022007). You can view the earlier Plans on the Planning Commissions web site.
All Plan and non-plan expenditure fits into the above categories of revenue and capital expenditure.
NON-PLAN EXPENDITURE: Defence, interest payments on loans, grants to states. It can be divided into revenue spending and capital
spending. Plan expenditure: Pension, salaries and subsidies, this, too, can be divided into revenue spending and capital spending (though
the bulk is revenue spending).
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (PIN): Personal Identification Number is a number which an ATM card holder has to key in
before he is authorized to do any banking transaction in a ATM.
PLASTIC MONEY: Credit Cards, Debit Cards, ATM Cards and International Cards are considered plastic money as like money they
can enable us to get goods and services.
PLEDGE: A bailment of goods as security for payment of a debt or performance of a promise, e.g pledge of stock by a borrower to a
banker for a credit limit. Pledge can be made in movable goods only.
Post-Dated Cheque: A Cheque which bears the date which is subsequent to the date when it is drawn. For example, a cheque drawn
on 8th of February, 2007 bears the date of 12th February, 2007.
PROSPECTUS: A detailed report published by the Initial Public Offering Company, which includes all terms and conditions, application
procedures, IPO prices etc, for the IPO
POWER OF ATTORNEY: It is a document executed by one person - Donor or Principal, in favour of another person, Donee or Agent to act on behalf of the former, strictly as per authority given in the document.
PORTFOLIO: A collection of investment vehicles assembled to meet one or more investment goals.
POVERTY LINE: The poverty line, a measure of poverty is fixed in terms of consumption expenditure (per capita monthly consumption
expenditure of Rs 49.1 for rural area and Rs 56.6 for urban area at 1973-74 prices or Rs 329.1 and Rs 455.2 monthly per capita
expenditure in 1999-2000) at which the norm of adequate nutrition intake (2250 kilocalories per person per day in urban area and
2400 kilocalories per person in rural areas) is realised.
PREFERENCE SHARES: Holders of preference shares precede the holders of ordinary shares, but follow debenture holders, in the
payment of dividends and in return of capital if the issuing company is liquidated. Preference shares normally entitle the holder only to a
fixed rate of dividend, but participating preference shares also entitle the holder to a share of residual profits. Preference shares carry
limited voting rights and they may be redeemable or not. Cumulative preference shares carry forward the right to preferential dividends,
if unpaid, from one year to the next. From the investors point of view, preference shares lie between debentures and ordinary shares in
terms of risk and income, while to the issuing company they permit some flexibility in distribution policy at a lower cost than debentures.
Preference shares now account for a very small proportion of issues.
PREMIUM (WARRANTS): The difference of the market price of a warrant over its intrinsic value. Premium Bond: Bond selling above
par.
PRESENT VALUE: The amount to which a future deposit will discount back to present when it is depreciated in an account paying
compound interest.
PRESENT VALUE OF AN ANNUITY: The amount to which a stream of equal cash flows that occur in equal intervals will discount back
to present when it is depreciated in an account paying compound interest.
PRICE/EARNINGS RATIO (P/E): The measure to determine how the market is pricing the companys common stock. The price/earnings
(P/E) ratio relates the companys earnings per share (EPS) to the market price of its stock.
PRIMARY DEALERS: (PDs) In India the primary dealer system was set up in 1995 to strengthen and develop the government securities
market and enhance the efficiency of open market operation. Primary dealers can be subsidiaries of scheduled commercial banks, or all
India financial institutions or companies under the companies act 1956 engaged predominantly in government securities market and
subsidiaries of foreign banks or securities firms. Every PD has to maintain minimum net owned funds of Rs 50 crores deployed daily in the
government securities market. They are subjected to certain obligations with regard to bidding, turnover, commitments etc. RBI provides
liquidity support to PDs against central government securities.
PRIORITY SECTOR ADVANCES: Priority Sector advances broadly comprise advances to agriculture, (both direct and indirect) small
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scale industries, other activities/ borrowers, such as small business, retail trade, small road and water transport operators, professionals
and self-employed persons, housing and educational loans, micro credit to self-help groups, consumption loans, small loans to software
and food processing sector.
PRIME LENDING RATE: The rate of interest charged by banks on working capital and short-term loans to their most creditworthy
borrowers. The prime lending rate serves as a benchmark for deciding on the interest rate to be charged to other borrowers. Accordingly,
major banks and also Financial Institutions periodically announce their PLRs depending on their cost of funds and competitive lending rates.
From October 1997, the Reserve Bank of India has decided to permit banks to announce separate Prime Term Lending Rates on term
loans of three years and beyond. More recently, banks have been given the freedom to have different PLRs for different maturities. Now
it has been substituted by Base Rate (w.e.f. July 01, 2010) Privatization: The sale of government owned equity in nationalized industry or
other commercial enterprises to private investors.
PREMATURE WITHDRAWALS: Term deposits like Fixed Deposits, Call Deposits, Short Deposits and Recurring Deposits have to mature
on a particular day. When these deposits are sought to be withdrawn before maturity, it is premature withdrawal.
PRIME LENDING RATE (PLR): The rate at which banks lend to their best (prime) customers. Priority Sector Advances : consist of loans
and advances to Agriculture, Small Scale Industry, Small Road and Water Transport Operators, Retail Trade, Small Business with limits on
investment in equipments, professional and self-employed persons, state sponsored organizations for lending to SC/ST, Educational Loans,
Housing Finance up to certain limits, self-help groups and consumption loans.
PROMISSORY NOTE: Promissory Note is a promise / undertaking given by one person in writing to another person, to pay to that
person, a certain sum of money on demand or on a future day.
PROVISIONING: Provisioning is made for the likely loss in the profit and loss account while finalizing accounts of banks. All banks are
supposed to make assets classification and make appropriate provisions for likely losses in their balance sheets.
PUBLIC SECTOR BANK: A bank fully or partly owned by the Government.

PUBLIC DEBT: Refers to the means by which the government raises resources for financing public expenditure by issuing government
securities both long term and short term securities like treasury bills. Internal debt of the Central government includes loans floated on the
Comment market, bonds such as prize bonds, bank compensation bonds, treasury bills and non-negotiable non-interest-bearing securities
issued to international financial institutions like IMF, IBRD. Apart from this there are "other liabilities" of the Union Government, comprising
small savings, state provident funds, postal insurance and life annuity fund etc. These liabilities are also to be serviced through interest
payments and redemption on maturity. Government securities are in the form of government promissory notes or in the form of stock
certificates. Government promissory note is a negotiable instrument and transferable by endorsement and delivery. Stock can be in the
form of book debt which could be held in the form of stock certificate or an account called subsidiary general ledger account. Stock
certificate is not negotiable but transferable by execution of transfer deed and registration of change in the name in the books of Public
Debt Office of RBI. Thus, public debt consists of total value of accumulated borrowings by the government from the public-households,
banks, and financial institutions and others.
PURCHASING POWER PARITY (PPP): This refers to a theory of exchange rate based on relative domestic and foreign prices and
used as a valuable tool for assessing proper currency valuation and measuring relative competitiveness. The basic proposition of PPP is
that identical goods must sell at identical prices in a competitive market place. Otherwise, there will be opportunities for arbitrage.
Competition will tend to equalise the price of identical basket of goods in domestic and foreign markets, through movements in exchange
rate or through competitive bidding of the price of the commodities. Under PPP, exchange rate is in equilibrium when it equalises the
prices of basket of similar goods and services in two countries. The PPP in other words is the ratio of the level of prices abroad to the
level of home prices. This measurement called absolute PPP does not often hold true because of quality differences, transportation costs,
and other tariffs etc and therefore a relative version of PPP is suggested focussing on changes in prices and exchange rates. This version
of PPP predicts that changes in the nominal exchange rates will reflect differences in inflation rates among countries over time. Thus the
countries in which inflation is persistently higher than that of the trading partners will experience a devaluation of their currencies.
PUT OPTION: The right to sell the underlying securities at a specified exercise price on of before a specified expiration date.
ATE OF RETURN: A percentage showing the amount of investment gain or loss against the initial investment. Real Interest Rate:
The net interest rate over the inflation rate. The growth rate of purchasing power derived from an investment.
REAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE (REER): The multilateral trade weighted real effective exchange rate (REER) is a
weighted average of real exchange rate in respect of basket of countries with which the country trades; the real exchange rate is
obtained by deflating the nominal exchange rates with the relative price differential between the domestic and foreign countries. Thus
REER is the weighted average of NEER adjusted by the ratio of domestic price to foreign prices. It is one of the most commonly used
indicators of international competitiveness. Since price differential between the trading countries is a factor determining exchange rate
of the respective countries, price -adjusted measure (REER) is considered more effective for policy making. REER is a way of measuring
the price of foreign goods not just in currency- adjusted terms but also in price level adjusted terms. The Reserve Bank of India presently
compiles and publishes six - country and 36- country indices of NEER and REER.
RECESSION: Refers to business condition with mild tapering off of economic activity not qualifying to be called phase of depression.
The text book definition of recession is two consecutive quarters of declining output. Recession can also be used to describe any period in
which growth falls below an economy's trend growth rate.
REDEMPTION VALUE: The value of a bond when redeemed.

REGULATION: Regulation refers to codification of sound principles, norms and practices in relation to financial institutions or banks.
REGULATORY CAPITAL: As per the Basel Accord Regulatory Capital refers to the minimum capital required to be maintained by the
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bank (regulatory minima) against its risk weighted assets as defined in the 1988 capital accord with subsequent amendments and
prescribed by the national supervisor.
Reinvestment Value: The rate at which an investor assumes interest payments made on a bond which can be reinvested over the life
of that security.
Relative Strength Index (RSI): A stocks price that changes over a period of time relative to that of a market index such as the
Standard & Poors 500, usually measured on a scale from 1 to 100, 1 being the worst and 100 being the best.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENT: An ARRANGEMENT in which a security is sold and later bought back at an agreed price and time.
REPO (REPURCHASE OBLIGATION): Repo rate is the rate at which our banks borrow rupees from RBI. This facility is for short term
measure and to fill gaps between demand and supply of money in a bank .when a bank is short of funds they they borrow from bank at
repo rate and if bank has a surplus fund then the deposit the funds with RBI and earn at Reverse repo rate OR, The Reserve Bank manages
day to day liquidity or short term mismatches under different financial market conditions through repo and reverse repo auctions. This, in
addition to bringing in stable condition in the money market, sets the pace for short term interest rate. Repo involves two legs of
transactions. In the first leg RBI buys securities and injects liquidity by paying cash to the seller. In the second leg RBI releases securities
against receipt of money from the counter party. Repo provides a collateralised-funding alternative. The RBI has enabled NBFCs, mutual
funds, housing finance companies and insurance companies to undertake repo transactions, through gilt accounts maintained with the
custodians.
RESISTANCE LEVEL: A price at which sellers consistently outnumber buyers, preventing further price rises.
RETURN: Amount of investment gain or loss.
RESCHEDULING OF PAYMENT: Rearranging the repayment of a debt over a longer period than originally agreed upon due to
financial difficulties of the borrower.
RESTRICTIVE ENDORSEMENT: Where endorser desires that instrument is to be paid to particular person only, he restricts further
negotiation or transfer by such words as "Pay to Ashok only". Now Ashok cannot negotiate the instrument further.
REVERSE REPO: is the rate which is paid by RBI to banks on Deposit of funds with RBI.A reduction in the repo rate will help banks to
get money at a cheaper rate. When the repo rate increases borrowing from RBI becomes more expensive. To borrow from RBI bank have
to submit liquid bonds /Govt. Bonds as collateral security ,so this facility is a short term gap filling facility and bank does not use this
facility to Lend more to their customers. OR, this is opposite of the repo transaction. In the first leg RBI sells securities and absorbs liquidity.
In the second leg RBI buys back the securities and releases value equivalent to the amount given in the first leg plus interest at reverse
repo rate on the amount given in the first leg. This instrument is used for absorbing liquidity from the system for short periods.
REVENUE & CAPITAL BUDGET: Revenue Budget
Revenue spending (revenue expenditure) takes place from this budget.

Salaries of government employees and military staff, perks for ministers, office furniture, grants to state governments, subsidies,
interest to be paid on loans taken and pensions for ex-defence staff are all accounted for here and referred to as revenue spending.
Any expenditure required for the normal running of the government.
This spending must be financed from the revenue that the government earns in the form of taxes (corporate, income), duties (excise,
custom), receipts, fees, interest and dividends (if the government makes investments).
Capital Budget
Capital spending (capital expenditure) refers to the money spent on creating assets (roads, highways, and dams), buying land or
buildings, purchasing machinery and equipment.
This spending is financed from loans from the public (market loans), from the Reserve bank of India (the countrys central bank), from
foreign governments or international organizations like the World Bank.
Also included are any investments made by the government in shares or other such instruments.
Loans the government earlier gave other states or Union Territories and are now repaid find their way here.
RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT 2005: The Government of India has enacted the Right to Information Act, 2005 which has come into
effect from October 13, 2005. The Right to information under this act is meant to give to the citizens of India access to information under
control of public authorities to promote transparency and accountability in these organisations. The Act, under sections 8 and 9, provides
for certain categories of information to be exempt from disclosure. The Act also provides for appointment of a Chief Public Information
officer to deal with requests for information. The Reserve Bank of India is a public authority as defined in the Right to Information Act
2005. As such, the Reserve Bank of India is obliged to provide information to members of public.
RIGHT OF APPROPRIATION: As per Section 59 of the Indian Contract Act, 1972 while making the payment, a debtor has the right
to direct his creditor to appropriate such amount against discharge of some particular debt. If the debtor does not do so, the banker can
appropriate the payment to any debt of his customer.
RIGHT OF SET-OFF : When a banker combines two accounts in the name of the same customer and adjusts the debit balance in one
account with the credit balance in other account, it is called right of set-off. For example, debit balance of Rs.50,000/- in overdraft
account can be set off against credit balance of Rs.75,000/- in the Savings Bank Account of the same customer, leaving a balance of
Rs.25,000/- credit in the savings account.
RIGHTS ISSUE: An offer by way of rights to current holders of securities that allows them to subscribe for securities in proportion to
their existing holdings.
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RISK ASSET RATIO: In 1988 Basel Committee on Banking Supervision prescribed a common minimum capital standard to banking
industry of group of 10 countries (G-10) in the context of the need for management of cross border capital flows following oil crisis and
international debt crisis. In the adoption of Basel Committee frame work on capital adequacy norms taking into account various element
of risks, the RBI decided to introduce a Risk Asset Ratio system for banks in India as a capital adequacy measure .In this system, the
balance sheet assets, non-funded items and other off balance sheet exposures are assigned weights according to perceived risks. Banks
have to maintain unimpaired minimum capital funds equivalent to prescribed ratio on the aggregate of risks weighted assets and other
exposures continuously. The ratio of capital to risk weighted assets is known as CRAR.
RISK ADJUSTED RETURN ON CAPITAL (RAROC): An approach to relate the return on capital to the riskiness of the investment.
Using a hurdle rate (i.e. expected rate of return) a lender can use the RAROC principle to set the target price of a transaction. Risk
Adjusted Return on Capital (RARCO) is a concept used in Credit Risk management and is a risk based profitability measurement for
analysing risk-adjusted financial performance and providing a consistent view of profitability across portfolios. It is defined as the ratio
of risk adjusted return to economic capital or Return on Capital adjusted for expected losses.
RISK BASED SUPERVISION (RBS): This exercise essentially involves continuous monitoring and evaluation of risk profiles of the
supervised institutions in relation to their business strategy and exposures. The basis of the instruments of RBS will be the supervisory tools
used for on-site examination and offsite monitoring under the CAMELS. Risk assessment of the bank is carried out before the on-site
inspection process. The strengths and vulnerabilities are identified on an on-going basis. A bank specific supervisory programme is drawn
up on the basis of inputs gathered with the help of supervised bank. The periodicity of the inspection is determined having regard to the
risk profile of the bank and it covers all identified high- risk areas.
RISK MANAGEMENT: The banks operating in the liberalised environment are exposed to different kinds of risks, which can be broadly
grouped into business risk and control risk. The important business and control risks are
(1) Credit risk arising from nature of their business activity
(2) Market risk in the form of potential erosion in the income or market value arising from the interest rate or foreign exchange rate or
equity price or commodity price variation,
(3) Liquidity risk arising from the inability to meet their liabilities whenever they fall due because of mismatch of flow of funds
(4) Operational risks emanating from failed internal process, people or system or from external events and
(5) Information and technology risks. The banks are required to put in place appropriate risk management policies.
RISK-AVERSE, RISK- NEUTRAL, RISK-TAKING: Risk-averse describes an investor who requires greater return in exchange for
greater risk. Risk-neutral describes an investor who does not require greater return in exchange for greater risk. Risk-taking describes an
investor who will accept a lower return in exchange for greater risk.
RTGS SYSTEM: The acronym 'RTGS' stands for Real Time Gross Comment Settlement. RTGS system is a funds transfer mechanism where
transfer of money takes place from one bank to another on a 'real time' and on 'gross' basis. This is the fastest possible money transfer
system through the banking channel. Settlement in 'real time' means payment transaction is not subjected to any waiting period. The
transactions are settled as soon as they are processed. 'Gross settlement' means the transaction is settled on one to one basis without
bunching with any other transaction.
AFE CUSTODY: When articles of value like jewellery, boxes, shares, debentures, Government bonds, Wills or other documents or
articles are given to a bank for safe keeping in its safe vault, it is called safe custody.. Bank charges a fee from its clients for such
safe custody.
SAVING: Saving is that part of the disposable income which is not consumed. It amounts to accumulation of wealth through postponement
of consumption. Saving and capital formation play a crucial role in economic development. For estimation of domestic saving, the economy
is divided into three sectors; the public sector, the private corporate sector (organized sector) and the household sector (unorganized
sector). Household sector consists of farm households, unincorporated enterprises engaged in industry, trade, finance, transport etc.;
charitable trusts and household proper. Public sector savings represent savings of Government administration, departmental commercial
enterprises, and no departmental nonfinancial and financial enterprises. Savings of household sector, which account for more than 2/3 of
gross domestic savings in the country, are in the form of financial assets like currency, bank deposits, life insurance funds, provident funds,
investment in shares/debentures, small savings etc.; and physical assets such as investments in machinery and equipment, investment in
agriculture, non-farm business and inventories held by household sector. The rate of saving is measured as the proportion of gross domestic
savings to Gross Domestic Product. Income and interest rates are the major determinants of rate of saving. Savings Bank Account: All banks
in India are having the facility of opening savings bank account with a nominal balance. This account is used for personal purposes and
not for business purpose and there are certain restrictions on withdrawals from this type of account. Account holder gets nominal interest
in this account.
SCHEDULED BANKS:
Banks in the country are broadly classified as scheduled banks and non- scheduled banks. A scheduled bank, which could be either
cooperative bank or commercial bank, is one which has been included in the Second schedule of the Reserve Bank of India Act. These
banks are eligible for certain facilities such as financial accommodation from RBI and are required to fulfil certain statutory obligation.
The RBI is empowered to exclude any bank from the schedule whose
(1) Aggregate value of paid up capital and reserves fall below Rs 5 lakh
(2) Affairs are conducted in a manner detrimental to the interests of depositors and
(3) Goes into liquidation and ceases to transact banking business.
SECURITISATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS: The government of India enacted the Securitisation and
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Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act in 2002 to provide among other things, for enforcement of
security interest for realisation of dues without the interventions of courts and tribunals. Secured creditors are enabled to authorise their
officials to enforce the securities and recover the dues from the borrowers. Since the Act provides for sale of financial assets by banks
and financial institution to securitisation companies (SCs) or reconstruction companies (RCs) guidelines have been issued to ensure that the
process of asset reconstruction proceeds on sound lines.
SEIGNIORAGE: Net revenue gained from the issuing of currency and coins. It arises from the difference between the face value of a
currency note and the cost of producing, distributing and eventually withdrawing it from circulation.
SELECTIVE CREDIT CONTROL: Selective credit control, as distinguished from general credit control is operated to ensure an adequate
credit flow to the desired sectors while preventing excessive credit for less essential economic activities. The techniques of selective credit
control involves prescribing
(1) Minimum margin for lending against the value of specified securities
(2) Ceiling on the level of credit and
(3) Minimum rate of interest on advances.
Selective credit control is usually applied to achieve a reduction in excessive advances against certain sensitive commodities in short supply
and to reduce pressure on demand supported by bank credit.
SELF-HELP GROUPS OR MICRO CREDIT PROGRAMME: Defined as a group of individual members who voluntarily come together
for a common collective purpose basically for savings and borrowings. In practice these groups are comprised of individual members
known to each other coming from the same village, community and even neighbourhood (homogenous group) and have certain pre-group
social binding factors. Micro credit programme, enabling the poor people to be thrifty and in accessing loans and other financial services,
was launched in 1992 with a SHG- BANK linkage arrangement. The poor are encouraged to voluntarily come together to save small
amounts regularly and extent small loans among themselves. On attaining maturity to handle their own resources, they are in a position
to negotiate with banks for credit facilities.
SERVICE AREA APPROACH (SAA): The Scheme was introduced in April 1989 with a view to bringing about an orderly and planned
development of rural and semi-urban areas of the country. Under the scheme all rural and semi-urban branches of banks were allotted
specific villages generally geographically contiguous areas with the responsibility to take care of the overall development and the credit
needs. The Scheme involves credit planning and monitoring of credit utilisation and enables rural borrowers to have easy access to credit
from any bank of their choice at a competitive price.
SENIOR BOND: A bond that has priority over other bonds in claiming assets and dividends. Settlement: Conclusion of a securities
transaction when a customer pays a broker/dealer for securities purchased or delivered, securities sold, and receive from the broker the
proceeds of a sale.
SHORT HEDGE: A transaction that protects the value of an asset held by taking a short position in a futures contract. Short Position:
Investors sell securities in the hope that they will decrease in value and can be bought at a later date for profit. Short Selling: The sale of
borrowed securities, their eventual repurchase by the short seller at a lower price and their return to the lender.
SHREDDING AND BRIQUETTING SYSTEM: A system for destruction of unusable notes at the RBI. The system cuts the notes into small
pieces and then converts them into fine shreds. These shreds are then automatically channelled into the briquetting system which compresses
them under high pressure resulting into formation of briquettes.
SMALL COIN DEPOT: Small coin depots of the Government of India have been established at important branches of commercial banks
and treasuries to facilitate distribution of small coins (paise 50 and below). RBI makes arrangements to keep adequate stock of coins at
these depots so as to enable the treasury/bank to meet the demand for small coins. Surplus balances of coins are put back to the depots.
Any withdrawal from or deposit into a depot is required to be reported to RBI where adjustments are made to the credit or debit to the
government.
SOCIETY FOR WORLD-WIDE INTER-BANK FINANCIAL TELECOMMUNICATION (SWIFT):
Stands for international

computerised telecommunication network headquartered at La Hulpe, Belgium. It was operationalised in 1977 and operates from more
than 100 countries. There are over 4000 member banks. India became a SWIFT member in 1991. Each bank is given a unique code by
SWIFT.
SOILED CURRENCY NOTES: A note which has become limp or which has developed minor cuts due to wear and tear or which is
disfigured by oil, colour, ink etc. will be treated as a soiled note. Notes, which have been divided vertically through or near the centre
with numbers in tact are, also treated as soiled notes. These notes can be exchanged at the offices of RBI and public sector currency chest
branches of private sector banks.
SOFT CURRENCY: Soft currency is opposite of hard currency and it indicates a type of currency whose value may depreciate rapidly
or that is difficult to convert into other currencies. Soft currency can be in the form of paper, electronic or debt-based IOUS which have
in the past been used in place of hard currency. This currency has limited convertibility into gold and other currencies.
SPECULATION: The process of buying investment vehicles in which the future value and level of expected earnings are highly uncertain.
Stock Splits: Wholesale changes in the number of shares. For example, a two for one split doubles the number of shares but does not
change the share capital.
SUBORDINATED BOND: An issue that ranks after secured debt, debenture, and other bonds, and after some general creditors in its
claim on assets and earnings. Owners of this kind of bond stand last in line among creditors, but before equity holders, when an issuer
fails financially.
SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDER: A person acquires an interest in relevant share capital equal to, or exceeding, 10% of the share
capital. Support Level: A price at which buyers consistently outnumber sellers, preventing further price falls.
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STATUTORY LIQUIDITY RATIO (SLR): is the amount a commercial bank needs to maintain in the form of cash, or gold or govt. approved
securities (Bonds) before providing credit to its customers. SLR rate is determined and maintained by the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) in
order to control the expansion of bank credit. Generally this mandatory ration is compiled by investing in Govt bonds. OR, under the
provision of Banking Regulation Act governing the banking operations, banks are required to hold liquid assets such as government
securities, or other unencumbered approved securities, cash or gold, against their demand and time liabilities in India. This is known as
supplementary reserve requirement or secondary reserve requirement. The main objective of this monetary policy instrument is to ensure
solvency of commercial banks by compelling them to hold low risk assets up to a stipulated extent. It also helps to regulate the pace of
credit expansion to commercial sector. SLR refers to the ratio of holdings of the prescribed liquid assets to total time and demand liabilities.
STERILISATION: Denotes the process whereby the monetary impact of the liquidity generated by accretion to the foreign exchange
assets of RBI is neutralised through the use of open market operation or liquidity adjustment facility or cash reserve ratio
STOCK EXCHANGES: It is a market in which securities are bought and sold. The economic importance of stock exchanges is that they
facilitate saving and investment, first by making it possible for investors to dispose of securities quickly if they wish to do so, and secondly
in channeling savings into productive investment. However, they are declining in importance as a source of new capital for industrial and
commercial companies. Ready marketability requires that new issues should be made or backed by reputable borrowers or institutions,
that information should be available on existing securities, and that there should be both a legal framework and market rules to prevent
fraud and sharp practice. Stock exchanges have their own rules and conventions, but their functioning depends also on the existence of
company and other law and financial intermediaries, such as the issuing Houses.
SUBSIDY: It refers to government grants to suppliers of goods and services. A subsidy may be intended to keep prices down (i.e. to
raise real incomes of buyers), to maintain incomes of producers (for example farmers) or to maintain a service or employment. An essential
characteristic of a subsidy, as distinct from a Transfer Payment, is that it has the object of keeping prices below the Factor cost of
production. Subsidies, by distorting market prices and costs, may lead to a misallocation of resources although they may be justified in
certain circumstances (for example to correct for Externalities) and may be used banned by international agreements. It may be possible
to achieve the objectives of subsidies by alternative means which have less distorting Comment effects, for example by direct income
support through the taxation system.
SUPERVISION: Is a means of ensuring that the banks or financial institutions comply with the prescribed regulations. T
AX HAVEN: An offshore financial centre having legal mechanisms to reduce or eliminate taxes on income, wealth, profits and
inheritance or to accumulate tax free income offshore pending repatriation to a taxable jurisdiction.
TERMS OF TRADE: Term expresses the relationship between Unit values of exports and imports at any particular date and
changes in them over a period of time. It is a ratio of a country's export prices to its import prices and measures the purchasing power of
its exports in terms of the imports. The base measure is the level of export prices divided by the level of import prices; this measure as of
a particular date is taken as the base and for measurements at subsequent dates. Usually expressed in the form of an index number, it
indicates change in the relative prices over the period. A rise is commonly described as "favourable" movement. A rise in terms of trade
may occur because export prices rise faster than imports prices and a given quantity of exports would buy larger imports, than before.
TELLER: Teller is a staff member of a bank who accepts deposits, cashes cheques and performs other banking services for the public.
Technical Analysis: A method of evaluating securities by relying on the assumption that market data, such as charts of price, volume, and
open interest, can help predict future (usually short-term) market trends. Contrasted with fundamental analysis which involves the study of
financial accounts and other information about the company. (It is an attempt to predict movements in security prices from their trading
volume history.)
TIGHT MONEY POLICY: Refers to the monetary policy of restraining or reducing the money supply and of raising interest rates. This
policy may have the effect of slowing the GDP growth, reducing the rate of inflation or raising the nation's foreign exchange rates. Time
Horizon: The duration of time an investment is intended for.
TREASURY BILLS: These bills are the main instrument of short-term borrowing by the government and serve as convenient gilt edged
security for the money market. The Reserve Bank, as an agent of the government, sells treasury bills at a "discount". The difference
between the amount paid by the tenderer at the time of purchase (less than face value) and the amount received on maturity represent
the amount of interest and known as discount. These are negotiable securities and can be rediscounted with the Reserve Bank at any time
before maturity upon terms and conditions prescribed by the bank. Presently treasury bills of 91days and 364 days of maturity are sold
through weekly auctions.
TRADING RULES: Stipulation of parameters for opening and intra-day quotations, permissible spreads according to the prices of
securities available for trading and board lot sizes for each security.
TRUST DEED: A formal document that creates a trust. It states the purpose and terms of the name of the trustees and beneficiaries.
NDERWRITING: is an agreement by the underwriter to buy on a fixed date and at a fixed rate, the unsubscribed portion of
shares or debentures or other issues. Underwriter gets commission for this agreement.
UNDERLYING SECURITY: The security subject to being purchased or sold upon exercise of the option contract.
UNIVERSAL BANKING : When Banks and Financial Institutions are allowed to undertake all types of activities related to banking like
acceptance of deposits, granting of advances, investment, issue of credit cards, project finance, venture capital finance, foreign exchange
business, insurance etc. it is called Universal Banking.
ALUATION: Process by which an investor determines the worth of a security using risk and return concept.
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VALUE DATE: Denotes maturity date of a spot or forward contract
VARIABLE RESERVE RATIO: An important monetary policy instrument and refers to the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) to be maintained
by the banks under the provision of RBI Act 1934 and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) as defined under the Banking Regulation Act 1947.
VENTURE CAPITAL:
Venture capital is money provided by an outside investor to finance a new, growing, or troubled business. The venture capitalist provides
the funding knowing that theres a significant risk associated with the companys future profits and cash flow. Capital is invested in
exchange for an equity stake in the business rather than given as a loan, and the investor hopes the investment will yield a better-than
average return.
VIRTUAL BANKING: Virtual banking is also called internet banking, through which financial and banking services are accessed via
internet's World Wide Web. It is called virtual banking because an internet bank has no boundaries of brick and mortar and it exists only
on the internet. VOSTRO ACCOUNT: Vostro account means "your account with me". The counterpart to nostro account is Vostro (Latin
"yours") which describes the record of an account held by a bank as correspondent on behalf of an overseas bank. These are the accounts
opened by banks abroad with the banks in India. They are rupee accounts.
ARRANT: An option for a longer period of time giving the buyer the right to buy a number of shares of common stock in
company at a specified price for a specified period of time.
WAYS AND MEANS ADVANCES (WMA): Under the RBI Act the Reserve Bank provides Ways and Means Advances to
the State Governments to help tide over the temporary mismatches in the cash flow of their receipts and payments. While normal WMAs
are clean advances, special WMAs are secured advances provided against the security of Government of India dated securities. The
normal WMAs are revised every year. No state government is allowed to have an overdraft position for more than a stipulated number
of working days. If the overdraft persists beyond the stipulated period the RBI suspends the payments. The interest rate on WMA has
been linked to repo rate. Since the abolition of the automatic creation of ad-hoc treasury bills in 1997 a system of ways and means
advances to the Union Government was introduced to meet the temporary mismatch between the receipts and payments of Union
Government. These loans are repayable within three months from the date the advance in terms of the Central government's agreement
with RBI in respect of the maximum amount and rate of interest.
WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX (WPI): The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is the index used to measure the changes in the average price
level of goods traded in wholesale market. A total of 435 commodity prices make up the index. It is available on a weekly basis. It is
generally taken as an indicator of the inflation rate in the Indian economy. The Indian Wholesale Price Index (WPI) was first published in
1902, and was used by policy makers until it was replaced by the Producer Price Index (PPI) in 1978.
WHOLESALE BANKING: Wholesale banking is different from Retail Banking as its focus is on providing for financial needs of industry
and institutional clients.
WINDOW DRESSING: Financial adjustments made solely for the purpose of accounting presentation, normally at the time of auditing
of company accounts.
IELD CURVE: Relation between the interest rate and the time to maturity of the debt for a given borrower in a given currency.
Yield (Internal rate of Return): The compound annual rate of return earned by an investment
YIELD TO MATURITY (YTM): The annual return on a bond from the date of acquisition to the date of maturity. It is the discount
rate that equates the present value of cashflows from the bond to the current price of the bond. If the bond is bought at par the yield to
maturity is the same as the nominal yield. If bought at premium, the yield to maturity is less than the nominal yield. If bought at discount
the yield to maturity is more than the nominal yield Z
ERO COUPON BONDS: The regular government bond has a "coupon" (interest bearing certificate) that is payable twice a
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year. Interest is paid two times a year, and therefore, there are regular cash inflows. Such bonds are normally issued at face
value and the redemption value of the bond is also the face value. The subscribers/holders to zero coupon bonds do not receive
any interest during the life of the bonds. Instead investors buy zero coupon bonds at a deep discount from their face value, which
is the amount a bond will be worth when it matures. To put it differently, it is a special type of bond which carries no coupon rate, is sold
at a deep discount in relation to its face value, and matures at its face value. The maturity dates on zero coupon bonds are normally long
term, ten years, fifteen years or more.
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Chapter-7
BANKING & FINANCE ABBREVIATIONS
A&A
Accounting and auditing
ACU
Asian Currency Union
AD
Authorized Dealer
ADB
Asian Development Bank
ADC
Access Deficit Charge
ADF
Asian Development Fund
ADR
American Depository Receipt
AFS
Annual Financial Statement
AFS
Available For Sale
AGM
Annual General Meeting
AG
Accountant General
AIR
Annual Information Report
AIRCSC All India Rural Credit Survey Committee
AITUC
All India Trade Union Congress
AMC
Asset Management Companies
APC
Agricultural Prices Commission
APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
ARC
Asset Reconstruction Company
ARDR
Agricultural and Rural Debt Relief
ARIMA Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average
ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations
ASBA
Application Supported by Blocked Amount
ASEM
Asia-Europe Meeting
ASSOCHAM
Associated Chambers of Commerce
and Industry of India
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUM
Assets Under Management
ATM
Automated Teller Machine
AVM
Additional Volatility Margin
BICP
Bureau of Industrial Costs and Prices
BIFR
Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
BIS
Bank for International Settlements
BOI
Bank of India
BOP
Balance of Payments
BOLT
BSE On-Line Trading (System)
BSCS
DESACS RBI Basel Committee on Banking
Supervision
BSE
Bombay Stock Exchange
BSR
Basic Statistical Returns
BRICS
Brazil Russia India China and South Africa
CA
Chartered Accountant
CAD
Capital Account Deficit
CAG
Controller and Auditor General of India
CBS
Consolidated Banking Statistics, Core Banking
Sollution
CC
Cash Credit
CD
Certificate of Deposit
CD Ratio Credit Deposit Ratio
CDBS
Committee of Direction on Banking Statistics
CF
Company Finance
CFRA
Combined Finance and Revenue Accounts
CGRA
Currency and Gold Revaluation Account
CII
Confederation of Indian Industries
CIBIL
Credit Information Bureau (India) Ltd
CITU
Centre of Indian Trade Unions
CO
Capital Outlay
CP
Commercial Paper
CPI
Consumer Price Index
CPI-IW Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers
CR
Capital Receipts
CRAR
Capital to Risk Weighted Asset Ratio
CRISIL
Credit Rating Information Services of India
Limited
CRR
Cash Reserve Ratio
CSIR
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CSO
Central Statistical Organisation
CTT
Commodities Transaction Tax
CVC
Central Vigilance Commission
DA
Dearness Allowance
DAP
Development Action Plan
IDA
International Development Association
IDB
India Development Bonds
IDBI
Industrial Development Bank of India
IDD
Industrial Development Department
IDFC
Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation
IFAD
International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC
International Finance Corporation
IFC(W) International Finance Corporation (Washington)
IFCI
Industrial Finance Corporation of India
IFR
Investment Fluctuation Reserve
IFS
International Financial Statistics
IFSC
Indian Financial System Code
IGLS
Iterative Generalized Least Squares
IIBI
Industrial Investment Bank of India
IIP
Index of Industrial Production
IIP/InIP International Investment Position
IMD
India Millennium Deposits
IMF
International Monetary Fund
INR
Indian Rupee
IOTT
Input-Output Transaction Table
IP
Interest Payment
IPO
Initial Public Offer
IPR
Intellectual Property Right
IRB I
Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India
IRDA
Insurance Regulatory Development Authority
IRS
Indian Revenue Service
ISDA
International Swaps and Derivative Association
ISIC
International Standard Industrial Classification
ISO
International Standards Organization
ITRS
International Transaction Reporting System
ITO
International Trade Organisation; Income-tax
Officer
IWGEDS International Working Group on External Debt
Statistics
JNNURM Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal
Mission
KPO
Knowledge Process Outsourcing
KVIC
Khadi & Village Industries Corporation
KYC
Know Your Customer
LAF
Liquidity Adjustment Facility
LAMPS Large-sized Adivasi Multipurpose Societies
LAS
Loan & Advances by States
LBD
Land Development Bank
LBS
Locational Banking Statistics
LDC
Least Developed Countries
LERMS Liberalised Exchange Rate Management System
LIC
Life Insurance Corporation of India
LT
Long Term
LTO
Long Term Operation
M1
Narrow Money
M3
Broad Money
MA
Moving Average
MAT
Minimum Alternative Tax
MCA
Ministry of Company Affairs
MEP
Minimum Export Price
MF
Mutual Fund
MFN
Most Favoured Nation
MIGA
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
MIS
Management Information System
MMSE Minimum Mean Squared Errors
MNC
Multi-national Corporation
MoF
Ministry of Finance
MOF
Master Office File
MRM
Monitoring and Review Mechanism
MRP
Maximum Retail Price
MSS
Market Stabilisation Scheme
MT
Mail Transfer
MTM
Mark-To-Market
MRTPC Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices
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DBOD
Department of Banking Operations and
Development
DCA
Department of Companies Affairs
DCB
Demand Collection and Balance
DCCB
District Central Cooperative Bank
DCM
Department of Currency Management
DD
Demand Draft
DEIO
Department of External Investments and
Operations
DDS
Data Dissemination Standards
DESACS Department of Statistical Analysis & Computer
Services
DGBA
Department of Government and Bank Accounts
DGCI&S Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence
and Statistics
DI
Direct Investment
DICGC Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation of India
DID
Discharge of Internal Debt
DMA
Departmentalized Ministries Account
DRI
Differential Rate of Interest Scheme
DSBB
Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board
DVP
Delivery versus Payment
ECB
External Commercial Borrowing
ECB
European Central Bank
ECGC
Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation
ECS
Electronic Clearing Scheme
EDMU
External Debt Management Unit
EEA
Exchange Equalization Account
EEC
European Economic Community
EEFC
Exchange Earners Foreign Currency
EET
Exempt Exempt Taxation
EFF
Extended Fund Facility
EFR
Exchange Fluctuation Reserve
EMI
Equated Monthly Instalment
EMU
Economic and Monetary Union
EMS
European Monetary System
EPF
Employees Provident Fund
ERM
Exchange Rate Mechanism
ETF
Exchange Traded Fund
EU
European Union
EUR
Euro
EXIM Bank
Export Import Bank of India
FC
Finance Commission
FCCB
Foreign Currency Convertible Bond
FCNR(B) Foreign Currency Currency NonRepatriable(Banks)
FCNRA Foreign Currency Non-Repatriable
Account
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment
FDR
Fixed Deposit Receipt
FEMA
Foreign Exchange Management Act
FERA
Foreign Exchange Regulations Act
FI
Financial Institution
FICCI
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
and Industry
FIIs
Foreign Institutional Investors
FIPB
Foreign Investment Promotion Board (of India)
FIMMDA Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives
Association of India
FISIM
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly
Measured
FPI
Flow Of Funds
FPSB
Financial Planning Standards Boards (India)
FRA
Foreign Portfolio Investment
FRBM
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act
FSDC
Financial Stability & Development Council
FTA
Free Trade Area
FWG
First Working Group on Money
FX
Foreign Exchange
GATS
General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCA
General Currency Area
GCC
Gulf Cooperation Council
GDP
MRTS
Mass Rapid Transit System
NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development
NAC(LTO)
National Agricultural Credit (Long
Term Operatiion)
NAFTA North America Free Trade Agreement
NAIO
Non Administratively Independent Office
NAMA Non-Agriculture Market Access
NAS
National Account Statistics
NASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers
Automated Quotation
NASSCOM
National Association of Software and
Services Companies
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NAV
Net Asset Value
NBC
Non-Banking Companies
NBFC
Non Banking Financial Companies
NEC
Not Elsewhere Classified
NEDB
North-Eastern Development Bank
NEER
Nominal Effective Exchange Rate
NFA
Non-Foreign Exchange Assets
NFD
Net Fiscal Deficit
NFO
New Fund Offers
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization
NHB
National Housing Bank
NIC
National Industrial Classification
NIF
Note Issuance Facility
NNML
Net Non-Monetary Liabilities
NPA
Non-Performing Assets
NPD
Net Primary Deficit
NPRB
Net Primary Revenue Balance
NPV
Net Present Value
NRBI
National Rural Bank of India
NRE
Non-Resident External
NRG
Non-Resident Government
NRI
Non-Resident Indian
NSC
National Statistical Commission
NSE
National Stock Exchange
NSSF
National Small Savings Fund
NSDL
National Securities Depository Limited
OBU
Offshore Banking Unit
OD
Over Draft
ODA
Official Development Assistance
OECD
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development
OECO
Organisaton for Economic Co-operation
OFI
Other Financial Institutions
OLTAS OnLine Tax Accounting System
OMO
Open Market Operations
OPEC
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCB
Other Indian Scheduled Commercial Bank
PAC
Public Accounts Committee
PACER Programme for Acceleration of Commercial
Energy Research
PACF
Partial Auto-Correlation Function
PACS
Primary Agriculture Credit Societies
PAN
Permanent Account Number (of Income-Tax)
PCARDB Primary Cooperative Agriculture and Rural
Development Bank
PD
Primary Deficit
PDAI
Primary Dealers Association of India
PDO
Public Debt Office
PDO-NDS Public Debt Office-cum-Negotiated Dealing
System
PDs
Primary Dealers
PES
Public Enterprises Survey
PF
Provident Fund
PIO
Persons of Indian Origin
PN
Participatory Note
PNB
Punjab National bank
POP
Point of Purchase
POS
Point-Of-Sale
79
Page
DA
Dearness Allowance
DAP
Development Action Plan
DBOD
Department of Banking Operations and
Development
DCA
Department of Companies Affairs
DCB
Demand Collection and Balance
DCCB
District Central Cooperative Bank
DCM
Department of Currency Management
DD
Demand Draft
DEIO
Department of External Investments and
Operations
DDS
Data Dissemination Standards
DESACS Department of Statistical Analysis & Computer
Services
DGBA
Department of Government and Bank Accounts
DGCI&S Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence
and Statistics
DI
Direct Investment
DICGC Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation of India
DID
Discharge of Internal Debt
DMA
Departmentalized Ministries Account
DRI
Differential Rate of Interest Scheme
DSBB
Dissemination Standards Bulletin Board
DVP
Delivery versus Payment
ECB
External Commercial Borrowing
ECB
European Central Bank
ECGC
Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation
ECS
Electronic Clearing Scheme
EDMU
External Debt Management Unit
EEA
Exchange Equalization Account
EEC
European Economic Community
EEFC
Exchange Earners Foreign Currency
EET
Exempt Exempt Taxation
EFF
Extended Fund Facility
EFR
Exchange Fluctuation Reserve
EMI
Equated Monthly Instalment
EMU
Economic and Monetary Union
EMS
European Monetary System
EPF
Employees Provident Fund
ERM
Exchange Rate Mechanism
ETF
Exchange Traded Fund
EU
European Union
EUR
Euro
EXIM Bank
Export Import Bank of India
FC
Finance Commission
FCCB
Foreign Currency Convertible Bond
FCNR(B) Foreign Currency Currency NonRepatriable(Banks)
FCNRA Foreign Currency Non-Repatriable
Account
FDI
FDR
Fixed Deposit Receipt
FEMA
Foreign Exchange Management Act
FERA
Foreign Exchange Regulations Act
FI
Financial Institution
FICCI
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce
and Industry
FIIs
Foreign Institutional Investors
FIPB
Foreign Investment Promotion Board (of India)
FIMMDA Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives
Association of India
FISIM
Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly
Measured
FPI
Flow Of Funds
FPSB
Financial Planning Standards Boards (India)
FRA
Foreign Portfolio Investment
FRBM
Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act
FSDC
Financial Stability & Development Council
FTA
Free Trade Area
FWG
First Working Group on Money
FX
Foreign Exchange
GATS
General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCA
General Currency Area
PRB
Primary Revenue Balance
PSE
Public Sector Enterprises
PUC
Paid Up Capital
PWD
Public Works Department
QR
Quantitative Restriction
QRR
Quick Review Report
RBI
RD
Revenue Deficit
RDBMS Relational Database Management System
RE
Revenue Expenditure
REC
Rural Electrification Corporation
REER
Real Effective Exchange Rate
RFC
Residents Foreign Currency
RIB
Resurgent India Bonds
RIDF
Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
RLA
Recoveries of Loans & Advances
RLC
Repayment of Loans to Centre
RMB
Renminbi (Chinese)
RNBC
Residuary Non-Banking Companies
RO
Regional Office
RoCs
Registrars of Companies
RPA
Rupee Payment Area
RPCD Rural Planning and Credit Department of RBI
RR
Revenue Receipts
RRBs
RRPI
Rural Retail Price Index
RTP
Reserve Tranche Position
RTGS
Real Time Gross Settlement System
RUF
Revolving Underwriting Facility
RWA
Risk Weighted Asset
SARFASI Securitization & Reconstruction of Finacial Assets
& Enforcement of Security
SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Area
SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SAPTA SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement
SAM
Social Accounting Matrix
SAS
Statistical Analysis System
SBI
State Bank of India
SCARDB State Cooperative Agriculture and Rural
Development Bank
SCB
State Cooperative Bank
SCB
Scheduled Commercial Bank
SCS
Size Class Strata
SCO
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
SCOPE Standing Conference on Public Enterprises
SDDS
Special Data Dissemination Standards
SDR
Special Drawing Right
SEBI
Securities and Exchange Board of India
SEBs
State Electricity Boards
SFC
State Financial Corporation
SGL
Subsidiary General Ledger
SGSY
Swarnajayanthi Gram Swarrojgar Yojana
SHGs
Self-Help Groups
SIDBI
Small Industries Development Bank of India
SIDC
State Industrial Development Corporation
SI-SPA Systems Improvement Scheme under Special
Project Agriculture
SJSRY
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rojgar Yojana
SLR
Statutory Liquidity Ratio
SLRS
Scheme for Liberation & Rehabilitation of
Scavangers
SMG
Standing Monitoring Group
SNA
System of National Accounts
SRWTO Small road & Water Transport Operators
SSI
Small-Scale Industries
SSSBEs Small Scale Service & Business Enterprises
STT
Securities Transaction Tax
SWG
Second Working Group on Money Supply
SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial
Telecommunications
TBs
Treasury Bills
TC
Temporary Change
TDS
Tax Deduction at Source
Page
80
GCC
GDP
GDR
Global Depository Receipt
GFD
Gross Fiscal Deficit
GFS
Government Finance Statistics
GIC
General Insurance Corporation
GLS
Generalized Least Squares
GNP
Gross National Product
GNIE
Government Not Included Elsewhere
GoI
Government of India
GPD
Gross Primary Deficit
G-Sec
Government Securities
GST
Goods and Service Tax
GSTP
Global System of Trade Preferences
HDFC
Housing Development Finance Corporation
HFT
Held For Trading
HICP
Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices
HO
Head Office
HUDCO Housing & Urban Development Corporation
IAAS
Indian Audit and Accounts Service
IADF
International Agricultural Development Fund
IATT
Inland Air Travel Tax
IBRD
International Bank Reconstruction and
Development
IBS
International Banking Statistics
IBSA
India Brazil and South Africa
ICAR
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
ICICI
Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of
India
ICMR
Indian Council of Medical Research
TDSAT Telecom Disputes Settlement Appellate Tribunal

TIN
Tax Information Network
TINXSYS Tax Information Exchange System
TRAI
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
TRIMs
Trade Related Investment Measures
TRIPS
Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights
TT
Telegraphic Transfer
UBB
Uniform Balance Book
UBD
Urban Banks Department
UCB
Urban Cooperative Bank
UCN
Uniform Code Number
ULIP
Unit Linked Insurance Policy
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development
Organisation
USD
US Dollars
USE
United Stock Exchange
UTI
Unit Trust of India
VAT
Value Added Tax
VC
Venture Capital
WEF
World Economic Forum
WFTU
World Federation of Trade Unions
WIPO
World Intellectual Property Organisation
WPI
Wholesale Price Index
WSS
Weekly Statistical Supplement
WTO
World Trade Organisation
YTM
Yield to Maturity
ZO
Zonal Office
Chapter-8
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND THEIR HEADQUARTERS
Name
International Criminal Police
Organization (INTERPOL)
Headquarters
Heads
Washington
D.C. (U.S.A.)
Washington
D.C. (U.S.A.)
Mrs.
Ballestrazi
Jim Yong
Kim
Jim Yong
Kim
Washington
D.C. (U.S.A.)
Jim Yong
Kim
Washington
D.C. (U.S.A.)
Washington
D.C. (U.S.A.)
Geneva,
Switzerland
Washington
D.C. (U.S.A.)
Basel,
Switzerland
Metro
Manila,
Philippines
Jim Yong
Kim
Jim Yong
Kim
Roberto
Azevedo
Christine
Lagarde
Jaime
Caruana
Takehiko
Nakao
World Intellectual Property

Organization (WIPO)
Geneva
Switzerland
World Health Organization

(WHO)
International Labour
Organization (ILO)
International Fund for
Agricultural Development
(IFAD)
Geneva
Switzerland
Geneva
Switzerland
UNICEF
World Bank
IBRD
ICSID (International Centre
for Settlement of Investment
Disputes)
International Finance
Corporation (IFC)
Multilateral Investment
Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
World Trade Organization
(WTO)
(IMF)
Bank for International
Settlements (BIS)
(ADB)
UN International Training
and Research Center
(UNITAR)
UN Environmental Program
(UNEP)
UN Development Program
(UNDP)
Lyon, France
Foundation
Year
7 September,
1923
Number of
Members
Countries
190
July, 1944
18 8(IBRD)
172 (IDA)
1944
188
1957 (But
operating
starts in 1966)
159
24 July, 1956
184
1988
181
1 January,
1995
27 December,
1945
17 May,
1930
Purpose
Connecting Police for a safer
world
Crediting, Working for a
world free of Poverty
Development Assistance,
Poverty Reduction
International Arbitration
Private Sector Development,
Poverty Reduction
Political Risk Insurance,
161
Regulate International Trade
188
To promotes international
economic cooperation
60 Central
Banks
Central Bank Cooperation
22 August,
1966
67
Crediting
Francis
Gurry
14 July, 1967
148
To promote the protection of

intellectual property
throughout the world
Margaret
Chan
7 April, 1948
194
Health For All
Guy Ryder
1919
186
Rome, Italy
Kanayo F.
Nwanze
1977
New York
Anthony
Lake
11-Dec-1946
Geneva
Switzerland
Nairobi,
Kenya
New York
Sally
FeganWyles
Achim
Steiner
Helen
Clark
Enabling the Rural Poor to

Overcome Poverty
To provide food and
healthcare to children of
those countries which
devastated by world war II.
To achieve the major
objectives of UN through
training and research
Protect our environment and
conserve our future
1963
5 June, 1972
1965
166
Overall development
1966
For 48
least
developed
countries
Eradicate extreme hunger

poverty, Promotes equality,
Ensures Environment
Sustainability
UN Capital Development
Fund (UNCDF)
New York
International Cricket Council
Dubai,
United Arab
Emirates
Zaheer
Abbas
15 June, 1909
105
Great Sport, Great Spirit
North Atlantic Treaty

Organization
(NATO)
Brussels,
Belgium
Philip M.
Breedlove
4 April, 1949
28
A mind unfettered in
deliberation
Page
81
Important (51)
Organization Name
UN General Assembly
UN Security Council
UN Economic and Social Council
UN Secretariat
International Court of Justice
Food and Agriculture Organization
International Labour Organization
International Maritime Organization
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
Headquarters
New York
Ther Hague (Netherlands)

Rome (Italy)
Geneva (Switzerland)
London (UK)
New York (USA)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
World Health Organization
World Intellectual Property Organization
World Food Programme
World Tourism Organization
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Capital Development Fund
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
International Energy Agency
International Renewable Energy Agency
Nuclear Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Fund for Agricultural Development
African Development Bank
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Development Association
International Finance Corporation
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
World Customs Organization
World Trade Organization
International Criminal Court
European Commission
European Parliament
European Council
Council of Europe
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
European Space Agency
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
African Union Commission
African Union
Paris (France)
Nairobi (Kenya)
Rome (Italy)
Madrid (Spain)
New York (USA)
New York (USA)
Vienna (Austria)
Gland, Switzerland
The Hague, Netherlands
Paris (France)
Masdar City (United Arab Emirates)
Paris (France)
Vienna (Austria)
Washington, D.C.( United States)
Manila (Philippines)
Rome (Italy)
Ivory Coast
Basel, Switzerland
Paris (France)
Vienna (Austria)
Washington, D.C. (United States)
Brussels (Belgium)
The Hague (Netherlands)
Strasbourg (France)
Meyrin (Switzerland)
Paris (France)
Jakarta (Indonesia)
Kathmandu (Nepal)
Brussels (Belgium)
Singapore
Semi-Important (34)
Page
82
Organization Name
United Nations Development Fund for Women
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
United Nations Population Fund
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
United Nations Volunteers
United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women
United Nations University
World Wide Fund For Nature
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Global Environment Facility
International Organization for Migration
International Hydrographic Organization
Nuclear Suppliers Group
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization
International Whaling Commission
International Seabed Authority
International Bureau of Weights and Measures
African Development Bank
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Headquarters
New York (USA)
Geneva ( Switzerland)
Geneva ( Switzerland)
New York (USA)
Nairobi (Kenya)
Bonn (Germany)
New York (USA)
Japan
Gland, Switzerland
Washington (USA)
Geneva, Switzerland
Monaco
Czech Republic (Current Chair),
Argentina will be next chair in 20142015
Vienna (Austria)
Vienna, Austria
Impington (England)
Kingston (Jamaica)
Sevres (France)
Ivory Coast
Basel, Switzerland
Paris (France)
Vienna (Austria)
Nordic Investment Bank

Islamic Development Bank and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Energy Community
European Science Foundation
European Southern Observatory
Collective Security Treaty Organization
Economic Cooperation Organization
Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
Central American Parliament
Commonwealth of Nations
Arab League
Helsinki (Finland)
Jeddah(Saudi Arabia)
Vienna (Austria)
Strasbourg, France
Garching (Germany)
Moscow (Russia)
Tehran (Iran)
Guatemala
UK
Cairo (Egypt)
Regular (21)
Organization Name
International Centre for Migration Policy Development
Antarctic Treaty Secretariat
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization
North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization
Pacific Salmon Commission
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
European Free Trade Association
European Patent Organisation
Council of the Baltic Sea States
Southern African Development Community
Economic Community of West African States
Organization of American States
Caribbean Community
Association of Caribbean States
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
Headquarters
Vienna (Austria)
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Copenhagen, Denmark
Thailand
Victoria (Seychelles)
California (USA)
Canada
UK
Columbia
Thailand
USA
Vienna (Austria)
Munich (Germany)
Stockholm (Sweden)
Gaborone (Botswana)
Washington, D.C.
Georgetown (Guyana)
Port-of-Spain (Trinidad)
Saint Lucia
List of International Organization Leaders
Page
83
UN organizations
Food and Agriculture Organization
Director-General - Jos Graziano da Silva, Brazil (2012present)
International Atomic Energy Agency
Director-General - Yukiya Amano, Japan (2009present)
International Civil Aviation Organization
President of the Council - Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu, Nigeria (2013present)
Secretary-General - Raymond Benjamin, France (2009present)
International Labour Organization
Director-General - Guy Ryder, UK (2012present)
United Nations
Secretary-General - Ban Ki Moon, South Korea (2007present)
President of the General Assembly - Sam Kutesa, Uganda (2014 - present)
Security Council members - China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States (permanent
members); Chad, Chile, Jordan, Lithuania, Nigeria (2014 - present)
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
Executive Director - Anthony Lake, United States (2010present)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Director-General - Irina Bokova, Bulgaria (2009present)
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
High Commissioner - Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad, Jordan (2014present)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
High Commissioner - Antnio Guterres, Portugal (2005present)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
Director-general - Li Yong, China (2013present)
World Food Programme (WFP)
Executive Director - Ertharin Cousin, United States (2007present)
World Health Organization (WHO)
Director-General - Margaret Chan, China (2007present)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
President - David Grimes, Canada (2011present)
Secretary-General - Michel Jarraud, France (2004present)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Secretary-General - Taleb Rifai, Jordan (2010present)
Page
84
Political and economic organizations

African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (ACP) Secretary-General - Mohamed Ibn Chambas, Ghana (2010present)
African Union Chairperson - Hailemariam Desalegn, Ethiopia, (2013present)
Chairperson of the Commission - Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, South Africa (2012present)
President of the Pan-African Parliament - Idriss Ndele Moussa, Chad (2009present)
Andean Community Secretary-General - Adalid Contreras Baspineiro (Bolivia), (2010present)
Arab League Secretary-General - Nabil Elaraby, Egypt (2011present)
Arab Maghreb Union
Secretary-General - Habib Ben Yahia, Tunisia (2006present)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Executive Director - Muhamad Noor, Malaysia (2010present)
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretary-General - Le Luong Minh, Vietnam (2013present)
Caribbean Community Secretary-General - Lolita Applewhaite, Barbados (2011present)
Central American Parliament President - Dorindo Cortz, Panama (2010present)
Common Market of East and Southern Africa (COMESA) Secretary-General - Sindiso Ngwenya, Zimbabwe (2008present)
Commonwealth of Nations Head - Queen Elizabeth II (1952present)
Secretary-General - Kamalesh Sharma, India (2008present)
Commonwealth of Independent States
Executive Secretary - Sergei Lebedev, Russia (2007present)
Council of Europe
Secretary General - Thorbjrn Jagland, Norway (2009present)
President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) - Mevlt avuolu, Turkey (2010present)
President of the European Court of Human Rights - Jean-Paul Costa, France (2007present)
East African Community Secretary-General - Richard Sezibera, Rwanda (2011present)
Economic Community of West African States
President of the Commission - Victor Gbeho, Ghana (2010present)
Chairman - Alassane Ouattara, Cte d'Ivoire (2012present)
Eurasian Economic Community
Secretary-General - Tair Mansurov, Khazakstan (2007present)
Chairman of the Interstate Council - Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan (2001present)
European Free Trade Association
Secretary-General - Kristinn rnason, Iceland (2012present)
European Union (EU)
Presidency of the European Council - Herman Van Rompuy (2009present)
Presidency of the European Union Council
Ireland (2013)
President of the European Commission - Jos Manuel Barroso, Portugal (2004present)
President of the European Parliament - Jerzy Buzek, Poland (2010present)
Secretary-General of the Council and High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy - Catherine
Ashton, United Kingdom (2009present)
President of the European Central Bank - Mario Draghi, Italy (2011present)
European Ombudsman - Nikiforos Diamandouros, Greece (2003present)
President of the Committee of the Regions (CoR) - Peter Straub, Germany (2004present)
President of the European Investment Bank (EIB) - Werner Hoyer, Germany (2012present)
President of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) - Vassilios Skouris, Greece (2003present)
President of the European Court of Auditors - Hubert Weber, Austria (2005present)
President of the Economic and Social Committee (ESC) - Anne-Marie Sigmund, Austria (2004present)
Group of Eight (G8)
President (informal) - David Cameron, United Kingdom (2013)
Secretary-General - Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani, Bahrain (2011present)
Ibero-American Secretariat (Segib)
Secretary-General - Enrique V. Iglesias, Uruguay (2005present)
Indian Ocean Commission
Secretary-General - Monique Andreas Esoavekomandroso, Madagascar (2004present)
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
Chairman - Hassan Rouhani, Iran (2013present)
Nordic Council
Secretary-General - Jan-Erik Enestam, Finland (20072013)
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Secretary-General - Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Denmark (2009present)
Secretary-General - Jos ngel Gurra, Mexico (2006present)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

Secretary-General - Lamberto Zannier, Italy (2011present)
Chairman-in-Office - Audronius Aubalis, Lithuania (2011present)
High Commissioner on National Minorities - Knut Vollebk, Norway (2007present)
Organization of American States
Secretary-General - Jos Miguel Insulza, Chile (2005present)
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
Director-General - Len Ishmael, Saint Lucia (2003present)
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Secretary-General - Iyad bin Amin Madani, Saudi Arabia (2014present)
Pacific Community
Director-General - Jimmie Rodgers, Solomon Islands (2006present)
Pacific Islands Forum
Secretary-General - Tuiloma Neroni Slade, Samoa (2008present)
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
Secretary-General - Bolat Nurgaliyev, Kazakhstan (2007present)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Secretary-General - Ahmed Saleem, Maldives (2012present)
Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur)
Director of the Executive Secretariat - Agustn Colombo Sierra, Argentina (2009present)
Southern African Development Community
Executive Secretary - Stergomena Tax, Tanzania (2013present)
Union of South American Nations (Unasur/Unasul)
President - Ollanta Humala, Peru (2012present)
Secretary-General - Al Rodrguez Araque, Venezuela (2012present)
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO)
Secretary-General - Roberto Azevdo, Brazil (2013present)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Director-General - Roberto Azevdo, Brazil (2013present)
Financial organizations
African Development Bank President - Donald Kaberuka, Rwanda (2005present)
Asian Development Bank President - Takehiko Nakao, Japan (2013present)
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
President - Suma Chakrabarti, India (2012present)
Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
President - Luis Alberto Moreno, Colombia (2005present)
Managing Director - Christine Lagarde, France (2011present)
Islamic Development Bank (IDB)
President - Ahmad Mohamed Ali, Saudi Arabia (1975present)
World Bank
President - Jim Yong Kim, Korea (2012present)
Page
85
Sports organizations
Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
President - Zhang Jilong, China (2011present)
Confdration Africaine de Football (CAF)
President - Issa Hayatou, Cameroon (1988present)
Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean association football (CONCACAF)
President - Alfredo Hawit, Honduras (2011present)
Confederacin Sudamericana de Ftbol (CONMEBOL)
President - Eugenio Figueredo, Uruguay (2013present)
Fdration Internationale des checs (FIDE)
President - Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, Russian Federation (1995present)
Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
President - Sepp Blatter, Switzerland (19982015)
International Cricket Council (ICC)
President - Alan Isaac, New Zealand (2012present)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
President - Thomas Bach, Germany (2013present)
International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
President - Philip Craven, United Kingdom (2001present)
International Rugby Board (IRB)
President - Bernard Lapasset, France (2008present)
Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)
President - David Chung, Malaysia/Papua New Guinea (2010present)
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)
President - Michel Platini, France (2007present)
Other organizations
Antarctic Treaty
Page
86
Executive Secretary - Jan Huber, Netherlands (2004present)

Colombo Plan Acting Secretary-General - Mr Tay Bian How, Malaysia (December 2013 - present)
Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP)
Executive Secretary - Murade Isaac Miguigy Murargy, Mozambique (2012present)
EDU - Intergovernmental Organization (EDU)
Secretary-General - G.Irving Levance, (2011present)[1]
La Francophonie
Secretary-General - Abdou Diouf, Senegal (2003present)
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
Executive Secretary - Mahboub Maalim, Kenya (2008present)
International Committee of the Red Cross
President - Peter Maurer, Switzerland (2012present)
International Court of Justice
President - Hisashi Owada, Japan (2009present)
International Criminal Court
President - Song Sang-Hyun, South Korea (2009present)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
Secretary-General - Ronald Noble, United States (2000present)
President - Mireille Ballestrazzi, France (2012present)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
President - Tadateru Kono, Japan (2009present)
International Maritime Organization
Secretary-General - Koji Sekimizu, Japan (2012present)
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Director-general - William Lacy Swing, United States (2008present)
International Telecommunication Union
Secretary-General - Hamadoun Tour, Mali (2007present)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Director-General - Ahmet zmc, Turkey (2010present)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Secretary-General - Mohammed S. Barkindo, Nigeria, acting for Daukoru (2006present)
Universal Postal Union
Director-General - douard Dayan, France (2005present)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Director-General - Francis Gurry (2008present)
Chapter-9
ABOUT INDIA
List of Governors, CMs & Capitals of States & Union Territories
Name
Andhra Pradesh
Official language
Telugu
Administrative capital
Hyderabad
Governor
E. S. L. Narasimhan
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
English
Assamese, Bengali,
Bodo
Hindi, Urdu
Chattisgarhi, Hindi
Konkani
Gujarati
Hindi, Punjabi
Itanagar
Dispur
Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa

Padmanabha Acharya
Patna
Raipur
Panaji
Gandhinagar
Chandigarh
(shared, Union Territory)
Shimla
Srinagar (summer)
Jammu (winter)
Ranchi
Bangalore
Thiruvananthapuram
Bhopal
Ram Nath Kovind

Balram Das Tandon
Mridula Sinha
Om Prakash Kohli
Kaptan Singh Solanki
Mumbai
Imphal
Shillong
C. Vidyasagar Rao
Syed Ahmed
V. Shanmuganthan
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Odisha
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Hindi
Dogri, Kashmiri,
Ladakhi, Urdu
Hindi
Kannada
Malayalam
Hindi
Marathi
Manipuri
English, Garo, Hindi,
Khasi, Pnar
Mizo
English
Odia
Punjabi
Aizawl
Kohima
Bhubaneswar
Chandigarh
(shared, Union Territory)
Rajasthani, Hindi
Jaipur
Nepali, Bhutia, Gurung, Lepcha, Limbu,
Gangtok
Manggar, Newari, Sherpa, Sunwar,
Tamang
Acharya Dev Vrat

Narinder Nath Vohra
Draupadi Murmu
Vajubhai Vala
P. Sathasivam
Ram Naresh Yadav
Nirbhay Sharma
Padmanabha Acharya
S. C. Jamir
Kalyan Singh
Shriniwas Dadasaheb
Patil
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Tamil
Telugu, Urdu
Chennai
Hyderabad
K. Rosaiah
E. S. L. Narasimhan
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
Bengali, Tripuri
Hindi, Urdu
Hindi, Sanskrit
Bengali, English,
Nepali
Agartala
Lucknow
Dehradun (interim)
Kolkata
Tathagata Roy
Ram Naik
Krishan Kant Paul
Keshari Nath Tripathi
Name
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Chandigarh
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Daman and Diu
Lakshadweep
National Capital Territory of
Delhi
Puducherry
Official language
English, Hindi
87
Nitish Kumar
Raman Singh
Laxmikant Parsekar
Anandiben Patel
Manohar Lal
Khattar
Virbhadra Singh
Mufti Mohammad
Sayeed
Raghuvar Das
Siddaramaiah
Oommen Chandy
Shivraj Singh
Chouhan
Devendra Fadnavis
Okram Ibobi Singh
Mukul Sangma
Lal Thanhawla
T. R. Zeliang
Naveen Patnaik
Parkash Singh
Badal
Vasundhara Raje
Pawan Kumar
Chamling
Jayalalithaa
K. Chandrashekar
Rao
Manik Sarkar
Akhilesh Yadav
Harish Rawat
Mamata Banerjee
Capital Administrator & Lieutenant Governor

Port Blair
A. K. Singh
CM
English, Hindi, Punjabi

English, Gujarati, Hindi,Marathi
English, Gujarati, Hindi,Marathi
English, Malayalam
Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu
Chandigarh
Silvassa
Daman
Kavaratti
New Delhi

Ashish Kundra
Ashish Kundra
H. Rajesh Prasad
Najeeb Jung
Arvind Kejriwal
French, Malayalam, Tamil,Telugu
Pondicherry
A. K. Singh
List of Indian Dances State-wise
Page
CM
N. Chandrababu
Naidu
Nabam Tuki
Tarun Gogoi
Name
Andhra Pradesh
Date of formation
1953 Oct 1(as Andhra State)
Name of Dance
Kuchipudi, Kolattam, Dhimsa, Veeranatyam
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
Goa
1987 Feb 20
1912 Apr 1(as Assam Province)
1936 Apr 1
2000 Nov 1
1987 May 30
Bardo Chham
Bihu, Jumar, Bagurumba, Ali Ai Ligang
Paika, Kajari, Bidesia, Jhijhian
Panthi, Raut Nacha
Dekhnni, Fugdi, Corridinho, Dashavatara
N. Rangaswamy
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
1960 May 1
1966 Nov 1
1971 Jan 25
1947 Oct 26
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
2000 Nov 15
1956 Nov 1
1956 Nov 1
1947 Aug 15
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Odisha
1960 May 1
1972 Jan 21
1972 Jan 21
1987 Feb 20
1963 Dec 1
1912 Apr 1(as Orissa Province)
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
1947 Aug 15 (as East Punjab)

1950 Jan 26
1975 May 16
1950 Jan 26 (as Madras)
Telangana
2014 Jun 2
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
1972 Jan 21
1902 Mar 22 (as United
Provinces)
2000 Nov 9
West Bengal
1947 Aug 15
Raas, tippani, Padhar, Garba

Dhamal, Daph, Phag, Ghoomar, Jhumar, Loor
Kinnauri Nati, Namgen
Kud, Dumhal, Rouf, Bhand Pather, Bachha Nagma, Hafiza
Dance, Bhand Jashan, Wuegi-Nachun
Karma
Yakshagna, Bayalata, Dollu Kunitha, Veeragaase dance
Mohiniattam, Kathakali, Padayani
Tertali, Charkula, Jawara, Matki dance, Phulpati dance,
Maanch, Gaur Maria, Grida
Pavri Nach, Lavani, Dangi, Koli
Thang Ta, Dhol Cholom
Nongkrem, Shad Suk mynsiem, Behdienkhalm, Lahoo
Cheraw Dance
Chang Lo or Sua Lua
Ghumura, Chau, Goti Pua, Nacni, Odissi, Dhap, Dalkhai, Baag
Naach
Bhangra, Jhumar, Karthi, Kikkli, Malwai Giddha, Sammi, Jindua
Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Bhavai, Chirami, Gair, Tera Tali
Singh Chaam
Bharata Natyam, Devarattam, Kamandi, Kummi, Karagattam,
Mayil Attam, Paampu attam, Oyilattam
Perini Thandavam, Lambadi, Dappu, Tappeta Gullu, Burra
Katha, Pagati Vesham
Hojagiri
Charkula, Kathak, Karma, Dadra
Barada Nati, Botiya, Cancheri, Chhapelia, Choliya, Jagars,
Jhora, Romala
Gambhira, Kalikapatadi, Nanci, Alkap, Domni
Union Council of Ministers of India

Cabinet Ministers
Portfolio
Prime Minister
Minister for Personnel, Public Grievances and
Pensions
Department of Atomic Energy
Department of Space
All important policy issues and all other
portfolios not allocated to any Minister.
Minister of Home Affairs
Minister of External Affairs
Minister of Overseas Indian Affairs
Minister of Finance
Minister
Took office
Left office
Party
Narendra Modi
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
Rajnath Singh
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
Sushma Swaraj
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
Arun Jaitley
26 May 2014
BJP
Arun Jaitley
26 May 2014
Incumbent
9 November
2014
Incumbent
BJP
Incumbent
BJP
BJP
Minister of Defence
Manohar Parrikar
Minister of Information and Broadcasting
Minister of Railways
Minister of Urban Development
Minister of Housing and Urban Poverty
Alleviation
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs
Minister of Road Transport and Highways
Minister of Shipping
Page
88
Minister of Law and Justice

Minister of Water Resources, River
Development and Ganga Rejuvenation
Minister of Minority Affairs
Arun Jaitley
9 November
2014
9 November
2014
BJP
D. V. Sadananda
Gowda
26 May 2014
9 November
2014
Suresh Prabhu
9 November
2014
Incumbent
BJP
Venkaiah Naidu
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
Nitin Gadkari
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
Ravi Shankar Prasad
26 May 2014
9 November
2014
BJP
D.V. Sadananda
Gowda
9 November
2014
Incumbent
BJP
Uma Bharati
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
Najma Heptulla
Gopinath Munde
26 May 2014
26 May 2014
Incumbent
3 June 2014[]
BJP
BJP
Minister of Rural Development

Minister of Panchayati Raj
Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation
Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public
Distribution
Minister of Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises
Minister of Women and Child Development
Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers
Minister of Communications and Information
Technology
Minister of Civil Aviation
Minister of Heavy Industries and Public
Enterprises
Minister of Food Processing Industries
Minister of Mines
Minister of Steel
Minister of Labour and Employment
Nitin Gadkari
4 June 2014
9 November
2014
BJP
Birender Singh
9 November
2014
Incumbent
BJP
Ram Vilas Paswan
26 May 2014
Incumbent
LJP
Kalraj Mishra
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
Maneka Gandhi
Ananth Kumar
26 May 2014
26 May 2014
Incumbent
Incumbent
BJP
BJP
Ravi Shankar Prasad
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
Ashok Gajapathi Raju

Pusapati
26 May 2014
Incumbent
TDP
Anant Geete
26 May 2014
Incumbent
Harsimrat Kaur Badal

Narendra Singh
Tomar
Narendra Singh
Tomar
26 May 2014
Incumbent
Shiv
Sena
SAD
26 May 2014
Incumbent
BJP
26 May 2014
9 November
2014
BJP
Incumbent
BJP
Incumbent
Incumbent
Incumbent
Incumbent
BJP
BJP
BJP
BJP
Incumbent
BJP
BJP
BJP
Bandaru Dattatreya
Minister of Tribal Affairs
Minister of Agriculture
Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment
Minister of Human Resource Development
Jual Oram
Radha Mohan Singh
Thawar Chand Gehlot
Smriti Irani
Minister of Science and Technology
Harsh Vardhan
9 November
2014
26 May 2014
26 May 2014
26 May 2014
26 May 2014
9 November
2014
Harsh Vardhan
4 June 2014
9 November
2014
Jagat Prakash Nadda
9 November
2014
Incumbent
Minister Of Health and Family Welfare
Ministers of State
Page
89
Bandaru Dattatreya
Dharmendra Pradhan
G. M. Siddeshwara
Giriraj Singh
Ravi Anand
Jayant Sinha
Jitendra Singh
Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary
Kiren Rijiju
Krishan Pal
Nihalchand
Nirmala Sitharaman
Mahesh Sharma
Manoj Sinha
Mansukhbhai Dhanjibhai Vasava
Mohanbhai Kalyanjibhai Kundariya
Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi
Prakash Javadekar
Piyush Goyal
Pon Radhakrishnan
Rajiv Pratap Rudy
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
Ram Kripal Yadav
Ram Shankar Katheria
Rao Inderjit Singh
Raosaheb Dadarao Danve
Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti
Sanjeev Kumar Balyan
Santosh Gangwar
Sanwar Lal Jat
Sarbananda Sonowal
Shripad Yasso Naik
Sudarshan Bhagat
Babul Supriyo
Upendra Kushwaha
Labour and Employment

Petroleum and Natural Gas
Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises
Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
Chemicals & Fertilizers
Finance
Development of North Eastern Region*, Prime Minister's Office, Personnel, Public
Grievances & Pensions, Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Space
Home Affairs
Home Affairs
Social Justice & Empowerment
Panchayati Raj
Commerce and Industry*
Culture*, Tourism*, Civil Aviation
Railways
Tribal Affairs
Agriculture
Minority Affairs, Parliamentary Affairs
Environment, Forest and Climate Change,Minister of Information and Broadcasting
Power*, Coal*, New and Renewable Energy*
Road Transport & Highways, Shipping
Skill Development & Entrepreneurship*, Parliamentary Affairs
Information & Broadcasting
Drinking Water & Sanitation
Human Resource Development
Planning*, Defence
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
Food Processing Industries
Agriculture
Textiles*
Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation
Youth Affairs and Sports*
AAYUSH*, Health & Family Welfare
Rural Development
Urban Development, Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
Human Resource Development
Vijay Kumar Singh

Vijay Sampla
Vishnu Deo Sai
Y. S. Chowdary
Statistics and Programme Implementation*, External Affairs, Overseas Indian Affairs

Social Justice & Empowerment
Mines, Steel
Science and Technology, Earth Science
List of Office-Holders in India

Constitutional offices
Office
President of India
Vice President of India / Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
Chief Justice of India
Name
Pranab Mukherjee
Mohammad Hamid Ansari
H. L. Dattu
Since
25 July 2012
11 August 2007
28 September 2014
Political offices
Office
Prime Minister of India
Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Name
Narendra Damodardas Modi
Sumitra Mahajan
Since
26 May 2014
6 June 2014
Heads of Govt Apex Wing

Office
Chief Election Commissioner of India
Chairperson, National Human Rights Commission
Chief Commissioner, Central Information Commission
Chairman, National Commission for Minorities
Chairman, National Commission for SC
Chairman, National Commission for ST
Chairperson, National Commission for Women
Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission
Chairman, ISRO
Chairman, Union Public Service Commission
Chairman, National Knowledge Commission
Chairman, University Grants Commission
Chairman, Central Water Commission of India
Space Applications Center, Administrator(Director)
Name
Nasim Zaidi
Justice Cyriac Joseph
Vijai Sharma
Shri Naseem Ahmad
P. L. Punia
Rameshwar Oraon
Lalitha Kumaramangalam
Ratan Kumar Sinha
A S Kiran Kumar
Deepak Gupta
Sam Pitroda
Ved Prakash
Ashwin B. Pandya
Tapan Misra
Heads of Financial Bodies

Office
Chairman, 14th Finance Commission of India
Governor of Reserve Bank of India
Chairman, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
Chairman, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India
Chairman, 7th Pay Commission
Chairman, SIDBI
Name
Y.Venugopal Reddy
Raghuram Rajan
Upendra Kumar Sinha
T. S. Vijayan
Ashok Kumar Mathur
Kshatrapati Shiaji
Since
3 January 2013
4 September 2013
18 February 2011
23 February 2013
4 February 2014
February
Bureaucrats
Page
90
Office
Cabinet Secretary of India
National Security Adviser
Secretary-General of the Rajya Sabha
Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha
Attorney General of India
Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Solicitor General of India
Principal Scientific Adviser
Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations
Chairman, Railway Board
Foreign Secretary
Union Home Secretary
Finance Secretary
Name
P K SINHA
Ajit Kumar Doval
Shumsher K. Sheriff
Anoop Mishra
Mukul Rohatgi
Shashi Kant Sharma
Ranjit Kumar
R. Chidambaram
Asoke Kumar Mukerji
AK Mittal
Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
LC Goyal
Rajiv Mehrishi
Defence and security

Office
Name
Chief of Army Staff

Chief of Air Staff
Chief of Naval Staff
Chief of Integrated Defence Staff
Director General, Border Security Force
Director General, Central Reserve Police Force
Director General, Central Industrial Security Force
Director-General of Military Intelligence
Director, Central Bureau of Investigation
Director, Intelligence Bureau
Director General, National Investigation Agency
Secretary (Research)
Member (Investigation CBDT)
Director General of ITBP
General Dalbir Singh Suhag

Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha
Admiral Robin K Dhowan
Air Marshal PP Reddy
D K PATHAK
Prakash Mishra
surender singh
Lt. Gen K G Krishna
ANIL KUMAR Sinha
Dineshwar Sharma
Sharad Kumar
Rajinder Khanna
Anita Kapur
Krishna Chaudhary
Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
Page
91
Year
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1985
1985
1985
1983
1977
1977
1977
1977
1990
1989
1988
1978
1978
1978
1976
1972
1970
1963
ND
ND
ND
Name
Landfall Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Defence Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Cinque Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Flat Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Buchaan Island
Kyd Island
Shearme Island
Paget Island
West Island
East Island
Ranger Island
Swamp Island
East (Tingling) Island
Benett Island
Talabaicha Island
Point Island
Bondoville Island
Table (Delgarno) Island
James Island
Reef Island
Table (Excelsior) Island
Sandy Island
Roper Island
Pitman Island
South Brother Island
South Reef Island
Bluff Island
Sir Huge Rose Island
Temple Island
Ross Island (Andaman)
Interview Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Tilanchang Island
Battimalve Island
Lohabarrack Salt Water Crocodile Sanctuary
Barren Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Narcondum Island
North Reef Island
South Sentinel Island
Spike Island Wildlife Sanctuary
Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary
Sri Venkateswara National Park
Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve
Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary[2]
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary
Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary
Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary
Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary
Kolleru Lake
Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife Sanctuary
Sri Lankamalleswara Wildlife Sanctuary
Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary
State
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Area (km)
29.48
10.49
9.51
9.36
9.33
8
7.85
7.36
6.4
6.11
4.26
4.09
3.55
3.46
3.21
3.07
2.55
2.29
2.1
1.74
1.69
1.58
1.46
1.37
1.24
1.17
1.14
1.06
1.04
1.01
133
6.83
2.23
22.21
8.1
6.81
3.48
1.61
211.7
357
353
614
3568
591
235.79
327.33
71
4040
673
1194
464.42
194.81
92
Page
ND
1991
1991
1989
1989
1989
1980
1978
1978
1977
ND
1997
1989
1987
1985
1985
1980
1979
1934
1928
1905
ND
ND
1997
1990
1989
1987
1985
1978
1978
1978
1978
1976
1976
ND
1983
1983
1978
1978
1976
1975
1975
1974
1972
1972
ND
1979
1972
1967
1990
1990
1989
1989
1988
1988
1986
1982
1982
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1973
1969
1965
ND
1987
1978
1985
1983
Lanjamadugu Wildlife Sanctuary

Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary
Kane Wildlife Sanctuary
Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary
Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary
Sessa Orchid Sanctuary
Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary
D'ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary
Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary
Pakhui Tiger Reserve
Talley Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary
Dipor Bil
Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary
Nameri National Park
Orang National Park
Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary[3]
Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary
Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary
Manas National Park
Kaziranga National Park
Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary
Pabha Wildlife Sanctuary
Barela Salim Ali Zubba Saheni Wildlife Sanctuary
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary
Kanwar Lake Bird Sanctuary
Nagi Dam Wildlife Sanctuary
Nakti Dam Wildlife Sanctuary
Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary
Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary
Udaypur Wildlife Sanctuary
Valmikinagar Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhimbandh Wildlife Sanctuary
Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary
Sukhna
Bhairamgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
Pamed Wildlife Sanctuary
Semarsot Wildlife Sanctuary[6]
Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary
Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary[4]
Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary
Badalkohl Wildlife Sanctuary
Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary[7]
Udanti Wildlife Sanctuary[5]
Gomarda Reserve Forest
Indira Priyadarshini
Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary
Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhagwan Mahavir
Purna
Jambughoda
Balaram-Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary
Paniya
Rampura
Thol Bird Sanctuary
Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary
Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary
Ratanmahal
Khijadiya
Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary
Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch
Barda Wildlife Sanctuary
Jessore
Indian Wild Ass Sanctuary
Nal Sarovar
Gir Forest National Park
Dhumkhal
Chautala
Bir Shikargarh
Churdhar
Pong Dam Sanctuary
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Assam
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Bihar
Chandigarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
Delhi
Goa
Goa
Goa
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Haryana
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
ND
4149
55
783
217
100
281.5
190
140.3
861.95
337
2098.62
40
38.83
137.07
72.6
26.22
70.14
175
391
430
6.05
49
1.96
50
63.11
7.91
206.4
1342.22
35.84
8.74
880
681.9
259.48
25.42
138.95
262
430.36
608.55
244.66
557.55
104.35
556
232
277.82
13.2
1.8
8
148.52
160.84
130.38
542.08
39.63
15.01
153
7506.22
607.7
55.65
ND
765.79
293.03
192.31
180.66
4953.7
120.82
1153.42
ND
113.96
10.93
56.59
322.7
93
Page
1982
1976
1976
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1962
1958
1954
1954
1954
1954
1949
1949
ND
ND
2008
1988
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1981
1981
1981
ND
ND
ND
1990
1985
1984
1978
1978
1978
1977
1977
1976
1976
1976
2011
1987
1987
1987
1987
1987
1985
1985
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1972
Rupi Bhabha Sanctuary

Chail
Tirthan
Sechu Tuan Nala Wildlife Sanctuary
Tundah Wildlife Sanctuary
Kugti Wildlife Sanctuary
Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary
Bandli
Gobind Sagar & Naina Devi
Darlaghat
Shikari Devi
Raksham Chitkul
Naina Devi
Talra
Majathal
Lippa Asrang
Daranghati
Simbalbara
Kanawar
Manali sanctuary
Khokhan
Kais
Gamgul Siahbehi
Kalatop & Khajjiar
Renuka
Shilli
Achabal
Kanji Wildlife Sanctuary
Lachipora
Overa-Aru
Gulmarg
Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary
Limber
Baltal
Changtang Wildlife Sanctuary
Surinsar-Mansar
Nandini
Ramnagar
Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary
Tongri
Hokarsar
Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary
Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary
Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary
Lawalong Wildlife Sanctuary
Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary
Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary
Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary
Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary
Mahuadand Wildlife Sanctuary
Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary
Biligiriranga Swamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary
Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary
Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary
Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary
Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary
Arabithittu Wildlife Sanctuary[8]
Adichunchanagiri Wildlife Sanctuary[9]
Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary
Melkote Temple
Nugu Wildlife Sanctuary
Ghataprabha Bird Sanctuary
Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary
Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary
Melukote Temple Wildlife Sanctuary
Ranibennur Blackbuck Sanctuary
Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary
Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary
Sharavathi Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
354.14
110.04
68.25
655.32
419.48
330
243.13
239.47
120.67
98.71
71.19
38.27
37.19
36.16
31.64
29.53
27.01
17.2
61.57
31.27
17.6
12.2
105.46
30.69
ND
ND
ND
250
800
425
186
341
26
3
4000
39.58
33.72
12.9
1800
20
10
182.83
177.95
49.33
211.03
12.82
5.65
121.14
186.25
193.22
63.26
752.94
190.42
539.58
510.51
834.16
102.59
105
13.5
0.88
247
49.82
30.32
29.78
492.46
181.29
45.82
119
395.6
88.4
413.23
94
Page
1940
ND
ND
2010
1984
1984
1984
1984
1983
1983
1976
1973
1973
1958
1958
1950
ND
1983
1983
1983
1981
1981
1981
1981
1981
1978
1978
1977
1977
1976
1976
1975
1975
1974
1974
1955
1988
1987
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1979
1970
1970
1970
1969
1958
ND
ND
ND
ND
1989
1981
ND
ND
1991
1991
1985
1975
ND
Ranganthittu Bird Sanctuary

Gudavi Bird Sanctuary
Mandagadde Bird Sanctuary
Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary[10]
Chimmony Wildlife sanctuary
Shenduruny
Chinnar
Aralam
Peppara
Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary
Idukki
Waynad
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary
Neyyar
Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary
Periyar National Park
Kumarakom
Phen Sanctuary
Panpatha Wildlife Sanctuary
Sardarpur Sanctuary
Ghatigaon Sanctuary
Karera Wildlife Sanctuary
Ken Ghariyal Sanctuary[11]
Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary
Son Ghariyal Sanctuary[12]
Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary
National Chambal Sanctuary
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary
Pachmarhi Sanctuary
Ratapani Tiger Reserve
Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary
Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary
Snajay-Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary
Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary
Narsinghgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
Kheoni Sanctuary
Katepurna
Malvan Marine
Tadoba Andhari Tiger Project
Kalsubai Harishchandra
Jaikwadi
Painganga
Gautala Autramghat Sanctuary
Chaprala
Nandpur Madmeshwar
Aner Dam
Phansad Wildlife Sanctuary
Melghat
Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary
Chandoli National Park
Bhimashankar
Sagershwar
Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary
Nagzira
Bor
Tansa
Yawal
Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary
Dhakna Kolkaz
Gandhari
Yedshi Ramling Ghat[13]
Wainganga
Yagoupokpi Lokchao
Nongkhyllem
Bhagmara
Siju
Khawnglung
Ngengpui
Dampa Tiger Reserve
Intanki
Fakim
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalaya
Meghalaya
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Mizoram
Mizoram
Nagaland
Nagaland
0.67
0.74
0.005
74.21
105
100.32
90.44
55
53
25
77
344.44
285
128
125
472
ND
110.24
245.84
348.12
512
202.21
45
344.68
41.8
478.9
320
518.25
461.85
688.79
287.91
1034.52
364.69
368.62
57.19
134.778
73.69
29.12
625.4
361.71
341.05
324.62
260.61
134.78
100.12
82.94
69.79
597.23
423.55
308.97
130.78
10.87
8496.44
152.81
61.1
30.41
177.52
371.88
ND
ND
22.37
ND
184.8
29
ND
ND
41
150
550
202.02
ND
95
Page
ND
1992
1988
1987
1987
1986
1985
1985
1984
1984
1982
1982
1981
1981
1979
1978
1976
1975
1962
1982
1975
ND
ND
ND
1985
1984
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1983
1982
1982
1980
1980
1979
1971
1960
1956
1955
1955
1955
1955
ND
ND
ND
ND
1987
1984
1984
1984
1984
1977
2008
1989
1988
1967
1940
1936
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1980
1978
1978
1978
1977
Pulebatze
Karlapat
Badrama Sanctuary
Chilika Bird Sanctuary
Nalbana Bird Sanctuary
Sunabeda Wildlife Sanctuary
Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary
Lakhari Valley
Balukhand Konark
Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary[14]
Chandaka Dampara
Khalasuni
Baisipalli Wildlife Sanctuary
Kotgarh
Simlipal National Park
Hadgarh
Satkosia Gorge Wildlife Sanctuary
Bhitarkanika
Ushakothi
Harike Lake
Abohar
Bir Motibagh
Bir Bunnerheri
Bir Gurdialpura
Baretha
Sawai Mansingh
Bhensrodgarh
Chambal
Keladevi Wildlife Sanctuary
Phulwari Wildlife Sanctuary
Shergarh
Todgarh Rawali Wildlife Sanctuary
Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary
Jawahar Sagar
Nahargarh
Sita Mata Wildlife Sanctuary
Kumbhalgarh
Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary
Jaisamand
Darrah Wildlife Sanctuary[15]
Jaswant Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
Sariska Tiger Reserve
Van Vihar
Bassi
Garhial
Sundha Mata
Tal Chhapar Sanctuary
Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary
Barsey Rhododendron Sanctuary
Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary
Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary
Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary
Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary
Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary
Shenbagathoppu Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary
Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve
Point Calimere
Mudumalai National Park
Vedantangal
Kalakkadu
Karikili
Mukkurthi
Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary
Vallanadu
Vettangudi
Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve
Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary
Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary
Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary
Nagaland
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Punjab
Punjab
Punjab
Punjab
Punjab
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Sikkim
Sikkim
Sikkim
Sikkim
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Telangana
Telangana
Telangana
Telangana
ND
147.66
304.03
1100
1100
600
346.91
185.87
71.72
300
175.79
116
168.35
399.05
845.7
191.06
795.52
70
ND
43
188.24
ND
ND
ND
192.76
103.25
229.14
280
676
511.41
98.71
495.27
300
307
100
50
422.94
578.26
288.84
52
ND
ND
866
59.93
ND
ND
107
ND
35.34
51.76
51.76
51.76
32.5
ND
1411.6
480
895
17.26
321.55
0.3
223.58
ND
78.46
153.67
16.41
ND
136.02
3568
20
36.29
655.41
1965
1953
1952
1952
1988
1987
1987
ND
1990
1989
1987
1986
1982
1979
1977
1976
1972
1957
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2015
1988
1986
1972
1954
1987
1998
1986
1985
1980
1977
1976
1976
1976
1976
1976
1964
1959
1949
ND
ND
ND
Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary

Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary
Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary
Pocharam Forest & Wildlife Sanctuary
Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary[16]
Sepahijala
Trishna
Charilam
Sandi Bird Sanctuary
Okhla Bird Sanctuary
Sohagi Barwa Sanctuary
Hastinapur Sanctuary
Kaimoor Sanctuary
National Chambal Sanctuary
Ranipur Sanctuary
Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary
Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary
Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary
Asan Bradge Bird Watching
Chilla
Mahavir Swamy
Nawabganj
Samaspur
Naina Devi Himalayan Bird Conservation Reserve
Binsar
Askot Musk Deer Sanctuary
Kedarnath Wild Life Sanctuary
Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary
Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary
Chapramari
Buxa Tiger Reserve
Raiganj
Bethudahari
Ballabhpur
Singalila National Park
Murti Wildlife
Senchal
Lothian Island
Haliday Island
Bibhutibhushan
Mahananda
Gorumara
Jore Pokhri
Parnadhan
Ramnabagan
Telangana
Telangana
Telangana
Telangana
Tripura
Tripura
Tripura
Tripura
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand[17]
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
893
803
879.3
130
389.54
18.53
170.56
ND
3.09
4.00
428.2
2073
500.75
635
230.31
400
227.12
78
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
599.93
45.59
599.93
975.24
481.04
301.18
ND
251.89
ND
ND
ND
362.4
127.22
38.88
38
5.95
ND
159
ND
ND
ND
ND
List of National Parks of India

Name
Campbell Bay National Park
Galathea National Park
Mahatma Gandhi Marine National
Park
Middle Button Island National Park
Mount Harriet National Park
North Button Island National Park

Rani Jhansi Marine National Park
Saddle Peak National Park
Page
96
South Button Island National Park

Papikonda National Park
Sri Venkateswara National Park
Mouling National Park
State
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Established
1992
Area(in km)
426.23
1992
110
1983
281.50
1987
0.64
Andaman and Nicobar

Islands
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
1979
144
1996
256.14
1979
32.55
46.62
5
2008
1989
1986
1012.85
353
483
Notability
important bird area as

attributed by BirdLife
International, new species frog
named Rana CharlesDarwini
Dugong, Dolphin, Water Monitor

Lizard, Blue Whale
97
Page
Namdapha National Park

Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
Kaziranga National Park
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Assam
1974
1999
1905
1985.24
340
471.71
Manas National Park

Nameri National Park
Orang National Park
Valmiki National Park
Indravati National Park
Assam
Assam
Assam
Bihar
Chhattisgarh
1990
1978
1999
1976
1981
500
137.07
78.81
898.45
1258.37
Kanger Ghati National Park

Mollem National Park
Blackbuck National Park,
Velavadar
Chhattisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
1982
1978
1976
200
107
34.08
Gir Forest National Park

Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch
Vansda National Park
Kalesar National Park
Sultanpur National Park
Pin Valley National Park
Great Himalayan National Park
Dachigam National Park
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Haryana
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu and Kashmir
1965
1980
1979
2003
1989
1987
1984
1981
258.71
162.89
23.99
100.88
1.43
807.36
754.40
141
Hemis National Park

Kishtwar National Park
Salim Ali National Park
Betla National Park
Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jharkhand
1981
1981
1986
4400
400
9.07
231.67
Hazaribagh National Park

Bandipur National Park
Jharkhand
Karnataka
1954
1974
183.89
874.20
Bannerghatta National
Park (Bannerghatta Biological Park)
Kudremukh National Park
Nagarhole National Park
Eravikulam National Park
Mathikettan Shola National Park
Periyar National Park
Silent Valley National Park
Bandhavgarh National Park
Karnataka
1974
106.27
Karnataka
Karnataka
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
1987
1988
1978
2003
1982
1980
1968
600.32
643.39
97
12.82
305
237
446
Kanha National Park

Madhav National Park
Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
Panna National Park
Pench National Park
Sanjay National Park
Satpura National Park
Van Vihar National Park
Chandoli National Park
Gugamal National Park
Navegaon National Park
Sanjay Gandhi National Park
Tadoba National Park
Keibul Lamjao National Park
Sirohi National Park
Balphakram National Park
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Manipur
Manipur
Meghalaya
1955
1959
1983
1981
1977
1981
1981
1983
2004
1987
940
375.22
0.27
542.67
758
466.7
524
4.45
317.67
361.28
133.88
104
625
40
41.30
220
1969
1955
1977
1982
2013
Indian
rhinoceros, UNESCO World
Heritage Site
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Wild Asian Buffalo, Tiger

Reserve, Hill Mynas
hunting cheetahsBlackbuck
Lodge,the endangered Indian
Grey Wolf, the nocturnal Striped
Hyena, Indian Fox, Golden
Jackal, Jungle Cat and many
small mammals like hare, gerbil,
field mice, mongoose and
hedgehog
Asiatic lion

Only area where Kashmir stag is
found[1]
Tiger, Sloth
Bear, Peacock, Elephant, Sambar
deer, mouse deer and other
animals.
chital, gray langurs, Indian giant
squirrel, Gaur, leopard, Sambar
deer,indian elephants, honey
buzzard, red-headed
vulture and other animals.
White Tiger, Royal Bengal
Tiger, Bear, other animals
highest known Tiger population

in India, White Tiger, 1336
species of endemic plants
only floating park in the world

wild water buffalo, red panda,
elephant and eight cat species,
Nokrek National Park
Meghalaya
47.48
Murlen National Park

Phawngpui Blue Mountain National
Park
Ntangki National Park
Bhitarkanika National Park
Mizoram
Mizoram
1992
200
50
Nagaland
Odisha
1993
1988
202.02
145
Nandankanan Zoological Park

Simlipal National Park
Odisha
Odisha
1960
1980
4.006
845.70
Harike Wetland
Darrah National Park
Desert National Park
Keoladeo National Park
Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary
Ranthambore National Park
Sariska Tiger Reserve
Khangchendzonga National Park
Guindy National Park
Gulf of Mannar Marine National
Park
Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary
and National Park
Mudumalai National Park
Mukurthi National Park
Palani Hills National Park
Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National
Park
Mahavir Harina Vanasthali
National Park
Mrugavani National Park
Dudhwa National Park
Gangotri National Park
Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife
Sanctuary
Jim Corbett National Park
Nanda Devi National Park
Rajaji National Park
Valley of Flowers National Park
Buxa Tiger Reserve
Gorumara National Park
Jaldapara National Park
Neora Valley National Park
Singalila National Park
Sundarbans National Park
Punjab
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
1987
2004
1980
1981
1960
1981
1955
1977
1976
1980
86
250
3162
28.73
288.84
392
866
1784
2.82
6.23
Tamil Nadu
1989
117.10
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
1940
2001
1994
321.55
78.46
736.87
1.42
Telangana
1994
14.59
Telangana
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
1977
1989
1990
9.1
490.29
1552.73
472.08
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
1936
1982
1983
1982
1992
1994
2012
1986
1986
1984
1318.5
630.33
820
87.50
760
79.45
216
88
78.60
1330.12
including the tiger and marbled

cat
UNESCO World Biosphere
Reserve
Mangroves, Saltwater crocodile,

white crocodile, Indian python,
black ibis, wild pigs, rhesus
monkeys, chital and other
animals
Tiger, Leopard, Asian elephant,
Sambar, Barking deer, Gaur,
Jungle cat, Wild boar, and other
animals.
Nilgiri Tahr
indian one horned rhinoceros

Zoos in India
Page
98
1.
2.
Aizawl Zoo, Aizawl, Mizoram

Alipore Zoological Gardens, Kolkata, West
Bengal
3. Allen Forest Zoo, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
4. Amirthi Zoological Park, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
5. Arignar Anna Zoological Park (Vandalur
Zoo), Chennai, Tamil Nadu Biggest in India
6. Assam State Zoo-cum-Botanical
Garden, Guwahati, Assam
7. Bhiwani Zoo, Haryana
8. Bannerghatta National Park, Bangaluru
9. Birsa Deer Park (Kalamati Birsa Mrig
Vihar), Ranchi[3][4][5]
10. Black Buck Breeding Centre, Pipli Mini Zoo,
Kurukshetra, Haryana
11. ChattBir Zoo, Zirakpur, Punjab
27. Kurukshetra Zoo, Haryana

28. Lucknow Zoo, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
29. Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Chennai, Tamil
Nadu
30. Maitri Bagh, Bhilainagar, Chhattisgarh
31. Marble Palace zoo, Kolkata, West Bengal
32. Mysore Zoo, Mysore, Karnataka
33. Nandankanan Zoological
Park, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 2nd Biggest in India
34. National Zoological Park, Delhi
35. Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad, Telangana
36. Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological
Park, Darjeeling, West Bengal
37. Parassinikkadavu Snake Park
38. Peacock & Chinkara Breading Centre, Jhabua,
in Rewari district, Haryana
12. Chennai Snake Park Trust, Chennai, Tamil Nadu

13. Chinkara Breeding Centre Kairu,
Bhiwaninear Bahal in Bhiwani district, Haryana
14. Crocodile Breeding Centre, Kurukshetra , Bhaur
Saidan (Kurukshetra)
15. Gopalpur Zoo, Gopalpur, Himachal Pradesh
16. Gulab Bagh and Zoo, Udaipur, Rajasthan.
17. Hisar Deer Park, Haryana
18. Indira Gandhi Zoological
Park, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 3rd
Biggest in India
19. Indore Zoo, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
20. Jaipur Zoo, Jaipur, Rajasthan
21. Jawaharlal Nehru Biological Park, Bokaro Steel
City [6]
22. Jhargram Zoo, Jhargram, West Bengal
23. Jijamata Udyaan, Mumbai, Maharashtra
24. Kanan Pendari Zoo, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
25. Kankaria Zoo, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
26. Kanpur Zoo, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
39. Pheasant Breeding Centre Morni in Panchkula

district, Haryana
40. Pheasant Breeding Centre, Berwala in Panchkula
district, Haryana
41. Pt. G.B. Pant High Altitude Zoo,
Nainital, Uttarakhand [7]
42. Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park, Pune, Maharashtra
43. Ranchi Zoo (Bhagwan Birsa Munda Biological
Park), Ranchi, Jharkhand(est. 1987)[3][8]
44. Rohtak Zoo, Haryana
45. Sakkarbaug Zoological
Garden, Junagadh, Gujarat
46. Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan, Patna, Bihar
47. Sarthana Zoo, Surat, Gujarat
48. Sayaji Baug Zoo, Vadodara, Gujarat
49. Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura
50. Sri Venkateswara Zoological
Park, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
51. Tata Steel Zoological Park, (Jubilee
Park) Jamshedpur, Jharkhand
52. Thim Park, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand
Thiruvananthapuram Zoo, Trivandrum, Keralaoldest in Asia, built by Maharaja of Travancore

Thrissur Zoo, Thrissur, Kerala
Vulture Conservation and Breeding Centre, Pinjore, Haryana
Most Popular Zoos in India

India is a big country with plenty of species
of mammals, reptiles and fauna. Today I am
going to share most Popular Zoos in India.
1. NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK
The zoo is also known as Delhi

Zoo situated near Old Fort in Delhi.
The zoo was opened in 1959.
Area occupied by zoo is 176 Acres.
1347 Animals of 127 Species are
kept in the zoo.
Incident - A man name Maqsood fell
in the White Tiger's Cage accidentally.
The people started throwing stones at
the Tiger. The man was carried away
and mouled by enraged tiger after
some minutes.
Different animals and Birds are kept in
the zoo for public attraction like Chimpanzees, Hippopotamus, Spider
Monkey, African Wild Buffaloes,
Giraffes, Gir Lion, Zebras, Peafowl,
Hyenas, Macaques, Jaguars, Bengal
Tigers, Indian Rhinoceros, Swamp
Deer, Asiatic Lion, Brow Antlered Deer
and Red Jungle Fowl etc.
2. JAIPUR ZOO

The zoo is located in Jaipur,
Rajasthan.
Jaipur zoo is located near Albert Hall
Museum.
Area occupied by zoo is 35 acres.
550 animals are kept in zoo.
Endangered animals like Large Indian
Civet, Black Panther, Flamingo,
Guineafow etc. can be seen easily.
Which are attractions for public at
large.
The zoo also provide shelter to many
different Mammals,Birds and Reptiles.
99
Animals like Tiger, Leopard,

Clouded
Leopard,
Hippopotamus,
Crocodile,
Elephants, Himalayan Black Bear,
Jackal, Black Bucks, Spotted
Deer, Peafowl, Hill Myna,
Gharial,
Phython, Indian
Rhinoceros, Giraffe, Zebra, Emu,
White Peacock etc. take shelter
under this zoo.
4. KANPUR ZOO
3. PATNA ZOO
Page
The zoo is also known as Sanjay

Gandhi Jaivik Udyan or Sanjay
Gandhi
Botanical
and
Zoological Garden.
The park was first established
as Botanical Garden in 1969.
The zoo is located in Patna,
Bihar.
The park was open to public as
zoo in 1973.
Area occupied by zoo is 152.95
acres.
800 animals of 110 speciesare
kept in the zoo.
Species of animals are 70, Fish 35, Snakes - 5.
The zoo is also known as Allen

Forest Zoo located at Uttar
Pradesh.
Area
occupied
by
zoo
is 190 acres.
Mammals in the zoo include
White Asian Tigers, Cheetah,
Leopard, Jaguar, Hyena, Black
Bear, Grizzly Bear, Sloth
Rhinoceros,
Hippopotamus,
Monkeys, Langur, Baboons, Musk
Deer, Deer and Antelope,
Chimpanzees, Orangutans etc.
A rainwater lake is attraction at
zoo.
Life size Dinosaur Sculpture also
attract people.
5. LUCKNOW ZOO
The zoo is also known as Prince of

Wales Zoological Garden or
Lucknow Zoological Garden.
The zoo was established in 1921.
It is located in the heart city of Uttar
Pradesh.
Area occupied by zoo is 71.6 acres.
911 animals are kept in the zoo.
102 species are available in the zoo.
Only Kanpur Zoo and Lucknow
Zoo has Orangutans in all over India.
The Zoo is home to 463
mammals, 298 birds, and 72
reptilesrepresenting 97 species.
Kind of species includesRoyal
Bengal Tiger, White Tiger, Lion, Wolf,
Hoolock Gibbon, Himalayan Black
Bear, Indian Rhinoceros, Black buck,
Swamp Deer, Barking Deer, Hog Deer,
Asiatic Elephant, Giraffe, Zebra,
Common Otters, Hill Mynahs, Giant
Squirrels, Great Pied Hornbill, Golden
Pheasant, Silver Pheasant etc.
Breed of these species are successful
such as Swamp Deer, Black Buck, Hog
Deer and Barking Deer, White Tiger,
Indian Wolf and several pheasants.
7. THRISSUR ZOO
Page
100
The zoo is also known as Alipore

Zoological Garden or Calcutta Zoo.
The garden was opened as zoo
since 1876.
The zoo is situated at Kokata, West
Bengal.
1,266 animals are kept in the zoo and
number of species are 108.
Rare Species also get shelter under
this zoo like - Banteng, Great Indian
One horned Rhinoceros, Crowned
Crane, Lion Tailed Macaque, southern
Cassowary, Wild Yak, Giant Eland,
Slow Loris, Echidna etc.
The zoo set a record when around
75,000 people visited the zoo on 1
January, 2015.
8. CHATTBIR ZOO
6. ALIPORE ZOO
Formerly
known
as
TRICHUR
ZOO situated at Thrissur city of
Kerala.
The zoo has Botanical Garden,
Zoological Garden, Art Museum and
Natural
History
Museum
in
its compound.
The zoo providing shelter to Lions,
Tigers, Deer, Sloth Bears, Monkeys,
Hippopotamus,
Camels,
Cobras,
Kraits, Vipers, Rat, Snakes, Pink
Flamingos, Mithun of north-eastern hills
and Lion tailed Macaques.
Special building is maintained only for
snakes known as Snakes House.
10. VANDALUR ZOO
The zoo is also known as 'Mahendra

Chaudhary Zoological Parklocated
near Zirakpur in Chandigarh.
The Royal Bengal Tiger is pride of
Chattbir Zoo.
The zoo is open every day Except
Mondays.
Lion Safari is also major attraction for
visitors.
Hundreds of different Mammals,
Birds, Reptiles are kept in the zoo.
9. MAHARAJBAGH ZOO
11. GUWAHATI ZOO
The
zoo
is
situated
in Nagpur, Maharasthra.
Formerly it was known as Bhosala
Dynasty.
The
zoo
is
one
of
the smallest but famous zoo in India.
About 600 species of different
animals are kept in the zoo.
Leopards, Lions, Tigers, Peacock etc.
are major attractions for public.
Sculptures also increases its beauty.
Vandaur Zoo is also known as Arignar

Anna
Zoological
Parklocated
at Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
The zoo was opened on 24 July,
1985.
The zoo is located within the Vandalur
Forest Reserve Area.
Total area of park is 1,490 acres and
zoo area is of 1,300 acres.
It is Largest Zoological Garden in
India.
Total number of animals in zoo
are 1,657 of 163 species.
Major attraction of animals in zoo are
- Tiger, Leopard, Lion, Wild Dog, Lion
Tailed Macaque, Nilgiri Langur,
Hyena, Jackal, Black bucks, Indian
Bison, Barking Deer, Sambhar, Spotted
Deer, Crocodiles, Snakes, Water Birds
etc.
As on 2010, there were about 47
species of mammals, 63 species of
birds, 31 species of reptiles, 5
species of amphibians, 25 species of
fishes and 10 species of insects.
Assam State Zoo cum Botanical

Garden popularly known asGuwahati
Zoo.
The zoo is located in the Guwahati,
Assam.
The zoo is largest in north -east
regjon.
The
zoo
is
located
within
the Hengrabari Reserve Forest,
Guwahati in Assam.
The zoo is home to 895 animals, birds
and reptiles representing almost113
species of animals and birds from
around the world.
Animals
of
attraction
are
Chimpanzees, White Rhinos, Black
Rhinos, Zebras, Ostriches, Giraffes
of Africa, Puma, Jaguar, Liama
of South America and Kangaroos
of Australia.
12. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM ZOO
The zoo is also known as Trivandrum

Zoo located in Trivandrum, the
capital of Kerala.
The zoo was open to general public
in 1857.
Woodlands, Lakes, Lawns etc.
increases its beauty.
82 species of different animals are
available in the zoo.
Major attractions of animals includes Lion-tailed Macaque, Nilgiri Langur,
Indian Rhinoceros, Asiatic Lion, Royal
Bengal
Tiger,
White
Tiger,
Leopard, Nine Asian Elephants etc.
The zoo has also kept African
animals like - Giraffes, Hippos,
Zebras, Cape Buffaloes etc.
13. RAJIV GANDHI ZOO
Sakkarbaug Zoo is also known

as
Junagadh
Zoo
located
atJunagadh City of Gujarat.
1,223 animals are kept in the zoo.
In 2008, zoo was providing home to
525 Mammals, 597 Birds and 111
Reptiles.
15. PADMAJA NAIDU HIMALAYAN

ZOO
The zoo is also known as Darjeeling

Zoo located in Darjeeling City of West
Bengal.
The zoo was established on 14
August, 1958.
The zoo is successful to take
conservation of endangered species
likeSnow
Leopards,
Red
Pandas which is big attraction of the
zoo.
16. NEHRU ZOOLOGICAL PARK
18. INDIRA GANDHI ZOOLOGICAL

PARK
The another name of zoo is Rajiv

Gandhi Zoological Park.
The zoo is located in the city of Pune,
Maharashtra.
The zoo was opened on 14 March,
1999.
The zoo is managed by Pune
Municipal Corporation.
Reptiles includes Indian Rock Python,
Cobra, Snakes, Vipers, Indian
Crocodiles,
White Tiger and Bengal Tiger is also a
big attraction for public.
22 species of Snakes are available.
14. SAKKARBAUG ZOO
The zoo was built by Raja Rajendra

Mullick in 1835.
It is famous for Marble Walls, Floors,
Antiques, Paintings, Marble Statues,
Floor to Ceiling Mirrors, Collection
of rare birds.
Attractions to general public in the zoo
are Peacocks, Toucans, Storks, Cranes
etc.
Another names of zoo are Hyderabad

Zoo
or
Zoo
Park
located
inHyderabad, Telangana.
The zoo was established on 26
October, 1959 but opened to public
on 6 October, 1963.
1100 animals of 100 species are
kept in the zoo.
Animals like Indian Rhinos, Asiatic Lion,
Bengal Tiger, Panther, Gaur, Indian
Elephants, Slender Loris, Python, Deer,
Antelopes, Birds etc. are big attraction
for public.
The zoo was opened to general public

on
19 May, 1977
located
atVisakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
The zoo name is kept on the name
of former Indian Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi.
The zoo is surrounded by Eastern
Ghats from three sides and by Bay of
Bengal from Fourth Side.
850 animals of 75 species are kept in
the zoo.
Biosphere Learning center and
Library is available nearCanteen in
the zoo.
80 species of Animals, Birds and
Reptiles are kept in the zoo for public
attraction.
Some kinds of species are like Love
Birds,
Painted Storks, Peafowls,
Spotted Doves, Bonnet Monkey, Rhesus
Monkey, Common Languor, Ring tailed
Remur,
Hippopotamus,
Baboons,
Bengal Tiger, Leucistic, Asiatic Lions,
Leopards, Puma, Jaguar, Striped
Hyenas, Sloth Bear, Himalayan Black
Bear, Pythons, Snakes, Land Tortoise,
Water Monitor Lizards, Mugger
Crocodile, Owls, Porcupines, Civets
etc. are very much attract the people
far and near.
19. NANDANKANAN ZOO
Page
101
17. MARBLE PALACE ZOO
The zoo is located at Kolkata, West

Bengal.
The zoo was opened on 29 December,

1960 in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
But zoo was opened to general public
in 1979.
It is first zoo which has joined World

Association of Zoos and Aquariums
in 2009.
Area occupied by zoo is 990 Acres.
1580 animals of 120 species are
kept in the zoo.
Major attraction of zoo is Butterfly
Park, Orchid House, Lion Safari, White
Tiger Safari etc.
Animals and Birds like Mouse Deer,
Leopard Cat, Flying Squirrel, Racket
Tailed Drongo, Hornbill, Mynah,
Mongoose etc are big attraction for
public.
Endangered Species like Asiatic Lions,
Indian Crocodiles, Sangal Lion Tailed
Macaque, Nulgiri Languor, Indian
Pangolin, Mouse Deer and many
Fishes, Reptiles, Birds are kept
successfully.
34 Aquariums are also available
where numbers of Fresh Water Fishes
are kept.
About 130 species of Orchids are also

available.
20. MYSORE ZOO
\
Mysore Zoo is located in Karnataka.
Sri Chamarajendra Zoological
Gardens is another name of Mysore
Zoo. Sri Chamaraja Wodeyar was
the king on whose name zoo is
established.
Mysore Zoo was originally created

in 1892 on 10 acres but open to
general public in 1902.
Currently Zoo is provided home
to Ten Elephants. It has more
elephants than any other zoo in
India.
In year 1956, Rhinos were added to
Zoo.
1,320 animals of 168 species are
kept in zoo.
Species of zoo includes Swan,
American White Pelican,
Zebras,Giraffes, Hamadryas Baboon
etc.
India is a big country with plenty of reptile,
mammals, flora and fauna species. There
are plenty of zoos spread all across the
country. Today I am going to list 20
popular zoos in India.
Page
102
Sports Stadiums in India

S. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
33.
33.
34.
35.
36.
STADIUM NAME
Wankhede Stadium
HPCA Stadium
Feroz Shah Kotla Ground
M.A. Chidambaram Stadium
Eden Gardens
Gymkhana Ground
Jsca Stadium
Khanderi Cricket Stadium
Subrata Roy Sahara Stadium
Dr. D.Y. Patil Stadium
New Vca Stadium
Maharani Usharaje Trust Cricket Ground
Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium
Apca-Vdca Stadium
Indira Gandhi Stadium
Barkatullah Khan Stadium
Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium
IPCL Sport Complex
K.D. Singh Babu Stadium
Fatorda Stadium
Maulana Azad Stadium
Indira Priyadarshini Stadium
Roop Singh Stadium
Nahar Singh Stadium
Madhav Rao SC India Ground
Sector 16 Stadium
Nehru Stadium
University Stadium
Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium
Keenan Stadium
Sardar Patel Stadium
Moti Bagh Stadium
Sher-I-Kashmir Stadium
Sawai Mani Singh Stadium
Gandhi Sports Complex Ground
Barabati Stadium
LOCATION
Mumbai, Maharashtra
DHARAMSHALA, HIMACHAL PRADESH
Delhi
Chennai , Tamil Nadu
Kolkata , West Bengal
Mumbai , Maharashtra
Ranchi, Jharkhand
Rajkot , Gujarat
Pune , Maharashtra
Navi Mumbai , Maharashtra
Nagpur, Maharashtra
Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh
Visakhapatnam , Andhra Pradesh
Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh
Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Kochi, Kerala
Vadodara, Gujarat
Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh
Margao, Goa
Jammu , Jammu & Kashmir
Visakhapatnam , Andhra Pradesh
Gwalior , Madhya Pradesh
Faridabad, Haryana
Rajkot, Gujarat
Chandigarh
Pune, Maharashtra
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Delhi
Jamshedpur , Jharkhand
Ahmedabad , Gujarat
Vadodara , Gujarat
Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir
Jaipur , Rajasthan
Amritsar , Punjab
Cuttack, Orissa
SPORT GAME ATTACHED

Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Football And Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Mostly Used For Cricket
Multipurpose
Cricket
Multipurpose
Football & Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket (Multipurpose)
Football (Multipurpose)
Multipurpose
Cricket And Football
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Currently Used For Cricket
Cricket
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
M. Chinnasawami Stadium
Vca Ground
Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium
Green Park Stadium
Brabourne Stadium
Guru Gobind Singh Stadium
Fort Maidan
Dilip Tirkey Stadium
Birsa Munda Stadium
Kalinga Stadium
Mahindra Stadium
Dhyan Chand Astroturf
Dadaji Kondadev Stadium
Guru Nanak Stadium
Bangalore , Karnataka
Nagpur , Maharashtra
Hyderabad , Andhra Pradesh
Kanpur , Uttar Pradesh
Mumbai , Maharashtra
Nanded, Maharashtra
Palakkad, Kerala
Ranchi, Jharkhand
Ranchi, Jharkhand
Bhuvaneshwar, Odisha
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Thane, Maharashtra
Ludhiana, Punjab
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Cricket
Football
Hockey
Hockey
Hockey
Hockey
Hockey
Football
Football
List of Power Stations in India

The total installed capacity as on 31 March 2015 is 271,722.17 MW with sector wise & type wise break up as given below.
Sector
Central
State
Private
All India
Coal
48130.00
58100.50
58405.38
164635.88
Gas
7519.73
6974.42
8568.00
23062.15
Diesel
0
602.61
597.14
1199.75
Total
55649.73
65677.53
67570.52
188897.78
Nuclear
5780.00
0
0
5780.00
Hydro
11091.43
27482.00
2694.00
41267.43
RES
Grand Total (MW)
0
72521.16
3803.67
96963.20
31973.29
102237.81
35776.96
271722.17
The breakup of RES is small hydro (4055.36 MW), wind power (23444.00 MW), Bio mass power & gasification (1410.20
MW), Bagasse cogeneration (3008.35 MW), Waste to power (115.08 MW) and Solar power (3743.97 MW).
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant with first unit (1,000 MW) commissioned in the year 2013. With initial capacity of 2,000
MW, this station will be expanded to 6,800 MW capacity.
The following lists name many of the power stations in India
Non-renewable
A. Nuclear Energy
B. Thermal Power
1. Coal
2. Gas or Liquid Fuel Based
3. Diesel Based
Renewable
A. Hydroelectric
B. Solar
C. Wind power
Non-renewable
A. Nuclear Energy
Power station
Operator
Tarapur Atomic Power Station
NPCIL
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station
NPCIL
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station
NPCIL
Establishment Date
October 28, 1969
December 16, 1973
May 6, 1993
Location
Tarapur
Rawatbhata
Kakrapar
District
Thane
Chittogarh
Surat
NPCIL
NPCIL
NPCIL
October 22, 2013

November 16, 2000
January 24, 1984
Kudankulam
Kaiga
Kalpakkam
Tirunelveli
Uttara Kannada
Kancheepuram
NPCIL
NPCIL
January 1, 1991
Narora
Fatehabad
Bulandshahr
Fatehabad
Western
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant
Madras Atomic Power Station
Southern
Page
103
Narora Atomic Power Station

Gorakhpur Atomic Power Station
State
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
3
Uttar Pradesh
Haryana
Northern
TOTAL
B. Thermal Power
1. Coal
Name
Mundra Thermal Power Station
Operator
Adani Power
Location
Mundra
District
Kutch
State
Gujarat
Sector
Private
Mundra Ultra Mega Power

Project
Vindhyachal Super Thermal
Power Station
Tirora Thermal Power Station
Amravati Thermal Power Plant
Korba Super Thermal Power
Plant
Sant Singaji Thermal Power
Plant
Chandrapur Super Thermal
Power Station
Sipat Thermal Power Plant
Dada Dhuniwale Thermal Power
Plant
Wanakbori Thermal Power
Station
Trombay Thermal Power Station
Khaperkheda Thermal Power
Station
Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power
Station
Essar Power Gujarat Ltd.
Tata Power
Mundra
Kutch
Gujarat
Private
NTPC
Vindhya Nagar
Singrauli
Central
Adani Power
Indiabulls
NTPC
Tirora
Nandgaonpeth
Jamani Palli
Gondia
Amravati
Korba
Madhya
Pradesh
Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Chhattisgarh
MPPGC
Dogaliya, Mundi
East Nimar
State
MAHAGENCO
Urjanagar
Chandrapur
Madhya
Pradesh
Maharastra
NTPC
MPPGC
Sipat
Guyda, Mundi
Bilaspur
East Nimar
Central
State
GSECL
Wanakbori
Kheda
Chhattisgarh
Madhya
Pradesh
Gujarat
Tata
MAHAGENCO
Trombay
Kaparkheda
Mumbai
Nagpur
Maharastra
Maharastra
Private
State
MPPGCL
Birsinghpur
Umaria
State
Essar Power
Jamnagar
Salaya
Madhya
Pradesh
Gujarat
Satpura Thermal Power Station
MPPGCL
Sarni
Betul
Parli Thermal Power Station

Jindal Megha Power Plant
Gandhinagar Thermal Power
Station
Ukai Thermal Power Station
Hasdeo Thermal Power Station
Nashik Thermal Power Station
Koradi Thermal Power Station
Lanco Amarkantak Power Plant
Dr Shyama Prasad Mukharjee
Thermal Power Station
Dahanu Thermal Power Station
MAHAGENCO
Jindal
GSECL
Parli-Vaijnath
Tamnar
Gandhinagar
Beed
Raigarh
Gandhinagar
Madhya
Pradesh
Maharastra
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
GSECL
CSPGCL
MAHAGENCO
MAHAGENCO
Lanco
CSPGCL
Ukai dam
Tapi
Korba
Nashik
Nagpur
Korba
Korba
Gujarat
Chhattisgarh
Maharastra
Maharastra
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh
State
State
State
State
Private
State
Reliance
Infrastructure
MAHAGENCO
NTPC-SAIL Power
Company
Limited (JV)
Gujarat Industries
Power Company
Ltd.
MPPGCL
Dahanu
Thane
Maharastra
Private
Vidyutnagar
Bhilai
Akola
Durg
Maharastra
Chhattisgarh
State
Central
Nani Naroli
Surat
Gujarat
State
Chachai
Anuppur
Madhya
Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
State
Paras Thermal Power Station

Bhilai Expansion Power Plant
Surat Thermal Power Station
Amarkantak Thermal Power
Station
Bhawnendra Singh Deo Power
Plant
Bhusawal Thermal Power Station
Sabarmati Thermal Power
Station
CESC Chandrapur Thermal
Power Station
Kutch Thermal Power Station
Akrimota Thermal Power Station
Sikka Thermal Power Station
Dhuvaran Thermal Power
Station
Wardha Warora Power Plant
Nashik
Koradi
Pathadi
CSPGCL
Korba
Private
Private
Central
State
State
Private
IPP
State
State
Private
State
State
MAHAGENCO
Torrent Power
Deepnagar
Ahmedabad
Jalgaon
Maharastra
Gujarat
State
Private
CESC
Chandrapur
Chandrapur
Maharastra
Private
GSECL
GMDC
GSECL
GSECL
Panandhro
Chher Nani
Jamnagar
Khambhat
Kutch
Kutch
Jamnagar
Anand
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
State
State
State
State
KSK Energy
Ventures
Warora
Chandrapur
Maharastra
Private
NTPC
Kaniha
Angul
Odisha
Central
Vedanta
Jharsuguda
Jharsuguda
Odisha
Private
Page
104
Western
Talcher Super Thermal Power
Station
Sterlite Jharsuguda Power
Station
Vedanta Jharsuguda Captive

Power Plant
Angul Thermal Power Station
Vedanta
Jharsuguda
Jharsuguda
Odisha
Private
Jindal Steel and

Power
NALCO
Angul
Angul
Odisha
Private
Angul
Angul
Odisha
State
GMR Group
Dhenkanal
Dhenkanal
Odisha
State
OPGCL
NTPC
Hindalco Industries
Banharpali
Talcher
Hirakud
Jharsuguda
Angul
Sambalpur
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Barh Super Thermal Power

Station
Mejia Thermal Power Station
Kahalgaon Super Thermal
Power Station
Farakka Super Thermal Power
Station
Nabinagar Super Thermal
Power Project
Kolaghat Thermal Power Station
NTPC
Barh
Patna
Bihar
State
Central
Private
CPP
Central
DVC
NTPC
Durlavpur
Kahalgaon
Bankura
Bhagalpur
West Bengal
Bihar
Central
Central
NTPC
Farakka
Murshidabad
West Bengal
Central
NTPC
Nabhinagar
Aurangabad
Bihar
Central
WBPDCL
Mecheda
West Bengal
State
Chandrapura Thermal Power

Station
Bakreshwar Thermal Power
Station
Durgapur Steel Thermal Power
Station
Koderma Thermal Power Station
Barauni Thermal Power Station
Patratu Thermal Power Station
Budge Budge Thermal Power
Plant
Santaldih Thermal Power Station
ONGC Tripura Power Company
DVC
Chandrapura
East
Midnapore
Bokaro
Jharkhand
Central
WBPDCL
Suri
Birbhum
West Bengal
State
DVC
Durgapur
Bardhaman
West Bengal
Central
DVC
NTPC
JSEB
CESC
Kodarma
Barauni
Patratu
Budge Budge
Jharkhand
Bihar
Jharkhand
West Bengal
Central
State
State
Private
WBPDCL
ONGC
West Bengal
Tripura
State
Central
Durgapur Thermal Power

Station
Bokaro Thermal Power Station
Kanti Thermal Power Station
Sagardighi Thermal Power
Station
Bandel Thermal Power Station
Jojobera Thermal Power Plant
DVC
Santaldih
PalatanaUdaipur
Durgapur
Koderma
Begusarai
Jaisalmer
South 24
Paraganas
Purulia
Gomati
Bardhaman
West Bengal
State
DVC
NTPC
WBPDCL
Bokaro
Kanti
Monigram
Bokaro
Muzaffarpur
Murshidabad
Jharkhand
Bihar
West Bengal
Central
State
State
WBPDCL
Tata
Bandel
Jojobera
Hooghly
East
Singhbhum
West Bengal
Jharkhand
State
Private
Tenughat Thermal Power Station

Durgapur Thermal Power
Station
Titagarh Thermal Power Station
TVNL
DVC
Durgapur
Bardhaman
Jharkhand
West Bengal
State
Central
CESC
Titagarh
West Bengal
Private
CESC Southern Generating

Station
New Cossipore Generating
Station
CESC
Kolkata
North 24
Paraganas
Kolkata
West Bengal
Private
CESC
Cossipore
Kolkata
West Bengal
Private
Rihand Thermal Power Station

Singrauli Super Thermal Power
Station
NTPC Dadri
NTPC
NTPC
Rihand Nagar
Shaktinagar
Sonebhadra
Sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Central
Central
NTPC
Vidyutnagar
Uttar Pradesh
Central
Anpara Thermal Power Station

Suratgarh Super Thermal Power
Plant
Panipat Thermal Power Station
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram
Obra Thermal Power Station
UPRVUNL
RVUNL
Anpara
Suratgarh
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
State
State
HPGCL
HPGCL
Assan
Yamuna Nagar
Haryana
Haryana
State
State
UPRVUNL
Obra
Gautam Budh
Nagar
Sonebhadra
Sri
Ganganagar
Panipat
Yamuna
Nagar
Sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
State
National Aluminium Company

Captive Power Plant
Kamalanga Thermal Power
Plant
Ib Thermal Power Station
Talcher Thermal Power Station
Hirakud Captive Power Plant
Page
105
Eastern
Guru Gobind Singh Super

Thermal Power Plant
Kota Super Thermal Power Plant
Sasan Ultra Mega Power
Project
Rosa Thermal Power Plant
Raj West Lignite Power Plant
Feroj Gandhi Unchahar Thermal
Power Plant
Guru Hargobind TP
Badarpur Thermal Power
Station
Parichha Thermal Power Station
Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power
Station
Chhabra Thermal Power Plant
Guru Nanak Dev Thermal Plant
Tanda Thermal Power Plant
Barsingsar Thermal Power
Station
Giral Lignite Power Plant
Harduaganj Thermal Power
Station
Panki Thermal Power Station
Rajghat Power Station
VS Lignite Power Plant
Faridabad Thermal Power
Station
PSPCL
Ghanauli
Rupnagar
Punjab
State
RVUNL
Reliance
Infrastructure
Reliance Power
Limited
JSW Energy
NTPC
Kota
Sasan
Kota
Singrauli
State
Private
Rosa
Shahjahanpur
Rajasthan
Madhya
Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Barmer
Unchahar
Barmer
Raebareli
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Private
Central
PSPCL
NTPC
Lehra Mohabbat
Badarpur
Bathinda
New Delhi
Punjab
Delhi
State
Central
UPRVUNL
HPGCL
Parichha
Khedar
Jhansi
Hisar
Uttar Pradesh
Haryana
State
State
RVUNL
PSPCL
NTPC
Mothipura
Bathinda
Vidyutnagar
Rajasthan
Punjab
Uttar Pradesh
State
State
Central
NLC
Barsingsar
Baran
Bathinda
Ambedkar
Nagar
Bikaner
Rajasthan
Central
RVUNL
UPRVUNL
Thumbli
Harduaganj
Barmer
Aligarh
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
State
State
UPRVUNL
IPGCL
KSK Energy
Ventures
HPGCL
Panki
Rajghat
Gurha
Kanpur
New Delhi
Bikaner
Uttar Pradesh
Delhi
Rajasthan
State
State
Private
Faridabad
Faridabad
Haryana
State
APGENCO
Kadapa
Kadapa
State
NTPC
Visakhapatnam
Andhra Pradesh
Power Development
Co Ltd
SPL
Krishnapattana
m
Visakhapatna
m
Nellore
Andhra
Pradesh
Andhra
Pradesh
Andhra
Pradesh
Private
Private
Northern
Rayalaseema Thermal Power
Station
Simhadri Super Thermal Power
Plant
Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah
Page
106
Simhapuri Thermal Power

Station
Meenakshi Thermal Power
Station
Pynampuram Power Station
State
Dr Narla Tatarao TPS
APGENCO
Krishnapattana
m
Krishnapattana
m
Krishnapattana
m
Ibrahimpatnam
Raichur Thermal Power Station

Kothagudem Thermal Power
Station
Neyveli Thermal Power Station
II
Tuticorin Thermal Power Station
Neyveli Thermal Power Station I
JSW Vijayanagar Power
Station
Mettur Thermal Power Station
NTPC Ramagundam
North Chennai Thermal Power
Station
Udupi Thermal Power Plant
Kakatiya Thermal Power Station
Bellary Thermal Power station
Ennore Thermal Power Station
Neyveli Zero Lignite Power
Station
Ramagundam B Thermal Power
Station
KPCL
TSGENCO
Raichur
Paloncha
Raichur
Khammam
Andhra
Pradesh
Andhra
Pradesh
Andhra
Pradesh
Andhra
Pradesh
Karnataka
Telangana
NLC
Neyveli
Cuddalore
Tamil Nadu
Central
TNEB
NLC
JSW Energy
Tuticorin
Neyveli
Vijayanagar
Tuticorin
Cuddalore
Bellary
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
State
Central
Private
TNEB
NTPC
TNEB
Mettur
Jyothi Nagar
Athipattu
Salem
Karimnagar
Thiruvallore
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Tamil Nadu
State
Central
State
Adani Power
TSGENCO
KPCL
TNEB
TAQA
Nandikoor
Chelpur
Kudatini
Ennore
Neyveli
Udupi
Warangal
Bellary
Chennai
Cuddalore
Karnataka
Telangana
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Private
State
State
State
Private
TSGENCO
Ramagundam
Karimnagar
Telangana
State
MEPL
TPCIL
Nellore
Central
Nellore
Nellore
Krishna
Private
Private
State
State
State
Southern
2.
Gas or Liquid Fuel Based
Power station
Dabhol Power Station
SUGEN Combined Cycle Power Plant
Uran Gas Turbine Power Station
GPEC Combined Cycle Power Plant
Operator
RGPPL
Torrent
MAHAGENCO
CLP
Group#India
NTPC
NTPC
Essar Power
Limited
GSECL
GIPCL
GSECL
Tata
GSEG
Torrent Power
Location
Akhakhol
Akhakhol
Bokadvira
Paguthan
District
Ratnagiri
Surat
Raigarh
Bharuch
State
Maharastra
Gujarat
Maharastra
Gujarat
Sector
Central
Private
State
Private
Urjanagar
Adityanagar
Hazira
Bharuch
Surat
Surat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Central
Central
Private
Utran
Vadodara
Khambhat
Trombay
Hazira
Vatva
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Maharastra
Gujarat
Gujarat
State
State
State
Private
Private
Private
GSPC
Pipavav
Hazira
Surat
Vadodara
Anand
Mumbai
Surat
Ahamadaba
d
Amreli
Surat
Torrent
RSPCL
Dahej
Zuarinagar
Goa
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Gujarat
Goa
state
State
Private
Private
Private
Private
Pragati Gas Power Station

Pragati-III Combined Cycle Power Plant
Rithala GT
National Capital TPP
PPCL
PPCL
NDPL
NTPC
Bawana
Bawana
Rohini
Vidyutnagar
Auraiya Thermal Power Station

Faridabad Thermal Power Plant
Anta Thermal Power Station
Dholpur Combined Cycle Power Station
IPGCL Gas Turbine Power Station
Pampore Gas Turbine Station
Ramgarh Gas Thermal Power Station
NTPC
NTPC
NTPC
RVUNL
IPGCL
J&K Govt
RVUNL
Dibiyapur
Mujedi
Anta
Purani Chaoni
New Delhi
Pampore
APGPCL Plant
APGPCL
Vijjeswaram
Lanco Kondapalli Power Plant
Lanco
Infratech
GVK
konaseema
Gas Power
Limited (KGPL)
GMR
GMR
Jhanor-Gandhar TPS
Kawas TPS
Essar Combined Cycle Power Plant
Utran Gas Based Power Station
Vadodara Gas Based CCPP
Dhuvaran Gas Based CCPP
Trombay Gas Power Station
GSEG Combined Cycle Power Plant
Vatva Combined Cycle Power Plant
Pipavav Combined Cycle Power Plant
Hazira CCPP
D-Gen Mega
G - IPCL
Unosugen CCPP
Goa Gas Power Station
Western
New Delhi
Delhi
New Delhi
Delhi
New Delhi
Delhi
Gautam
Uttar Pradesh
Budh Nagar
Auraiya
Uttar Pradesh
Faridabad
Haryana
Baran
Rajasthan
Dholpur
Rajasthan
New Delhi
Delhi
Pulwama
Jammu & Kashmir
Ramgarh
Rajasthan
State
State
State
Central
Andhra Pradesh
Joint
Kondapalli
W
Godavari
Krishna
Andhra Pradesh
Private
Peddapuram
Ravulapalem
E Godavari
E Godavari
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Private
Private
Vemagiri
Vemagiri
E Godavari
E Godavari
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Private
Private
Reliance
Samarlakota
E Godavari
Andhra Pradesh
Private
GVK
Jegurupadu
E Godavari
Andhra Pradesh
Private
Spectrum
Kakinada
Andhra Pradesh
Private
GMR (barge monted) Power Plant
GMR
Kakinada
Andhra Pradesh
Private
Kusalava power plant, GMK Formly

Kochi Combined Cycle Power Station
Rajiv Gandhi CCPP
Valathur Gas Turbine Power Station
Basin Bridge Gas Turbine Power Station
Aban Combined Cycle Power Plant
Triveni
BSES
NTPC
TNEB
TNEB
Lanco
Infratech
Gollapallem
Kochi
Kayamkulam
Valathur
Chennai
Karuppur
Easr
Godavari
East
Godavari
E Godavari
Ernakulam
Alappuzha
Thanjavur
Chennai
Tanjore
Andhra Pradesh
Kerala
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil nadu
Private
Private
Central
State
State
Private
Central
Central
Central
State
State
State
State
Northern
Gautami Combined Cycle Power Plant

Konaseema Combined Cycle Power
Plant
Page
107
Vemagiri Combined Cycle Power Plant

GMR Rajamundry Combined Cycle
Power Plant
Samarlakota Combined Cycle Power
Plant
Jegurupadu Combined Cycle Power
Plant
Spectrum Combined Cycle Power Plant
Kovikalpal Gas Turbine Power Station

Kuttalam Gas Turbine Power Station
TNEB
TNEB
PPN Combined Cycle Power Plant

Valantarvy Power Station
Karaikal Gas Turbine Power Station
Poineer Gas
Power Ltd
PPCL
Thirumakkottai
Maruthur
Pillai Perumal
Nallur
Valantarvy
Karaikal
Thiruvarur
Nagapattin
am
Nagapattin
am district
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
State
State
Tamil Nadu
Private
Tamil Nadu
Private
Karaikal
Puducherry
State
Kolkata
West Bengal
West Bengal
West Bengal
State
State
Private
Assam
Assam
Assam
Tripura
Tripura
Tripura
Tripura
State
State
State
State
State
State
State
Tripura
State
Southern
Maithan GT
Haldia GT
Kasba Peak Load Power Generating
Station
Eastern
Lakwa Thermal Power Station
Namrup Thermal Power Station
Khathalguri CCPP
Agartala GT
Monarchak CCPP
Tripura CCPP
Rokia GT
DVC
CESC
APGCL
APGCL
Neepco
Neepco
Neepco
ONGC
Baramura GT
North Eastern
Maithan
Haldia
Kasba
Maibella
Sivasagar
Dibrugarh
Khathalguri
Agartala
Tripura
Bhishalgarh
West
Tripura
Baramura
3. Diesel Based
Power station
GMR Vasavi Diesel Power
Plant
Kozhikode Diesel Power
Station
Yelahanka Diesel Power
Station
Belgaum Diesel Power
Station
Brahmapuram Diesel
Power Station
LVS Power Station
Operator
GMR
Location
Basin Bridge
District
Chennai
State
Tamil Nadu
Sector
Private
Region
Southern
KSEB
Kozhikode
Kozhikode
Kerala
State
Southern
KPCL
Yelahanka
Bangalore
Karnataka
State
Southern
Yelahanka
Belgaum
Karnataka
Private
Southern
KSEB
Brahmapuram
Kerala
State
Southern
Greenko
Vishakhapatn
am
Samalpatti
Andhra Pradesh
Private
Southern
Tamilnadu
Private
Southern
Samayanallur
Tamilnadu
Private
Southern
Bellary
Karnataka
Private
Southern
SPCL
A&N
Andaman &
Nicobar
Private
J&K Govt
Bemina
Srinagar
Jammu & Kashmir
State
Northern
J&K Govt
Haryana Govt
Leh
Ambala
Leh
Ambala
Jammu & Kashmir

Haryana
State
State
Northern
Northern
Jammu & Kashmir
State
Northern
Himachal Pradesh
State
Northern
Jammu & Kashmir
State
Northern
Samalpatti Diesel Power

Station
Samayanallur Diesel
Power Station
Bellary Power Station
Southern
Suryachakra Diesel Power
Station
Islands
Bemina Diesel Power
Station
Leh Diesel Power Station
Ambala Diesel Power
Station
Upper Sindh Diesel Power
Station
Keylong Diesel Power
Station
Kamah Diesel Power
Station
J&K Govt
HP Govt
Keylong
Lahaul and
Spiti
J&K Govt
Page
108
Northern
Gangtok Diesel Power
Station
Ranipool Diesel Power
Station
6
Sikkim Govt
Gangtok
East Sikkim
Sikkim
State
Eastern
Sikkim Govt
Ranipool
East Sikkim
Sikkim
State
Eastern
Manipur
State
Eastern
Leimakhong Diesel Power
Station
Islands
2
Leimakhong
North
Eastern
North Eastern
Total
19
Renewable
A. Hydroelectric
Station
AD Hydro Power Ltd.
Tehri Dam
Koteshwar dam
Baspa-II
Karcham Wangtoo
Hydroelectric Plant
Nathpa Jhakri
Dehar Power House
Pong
Bhakra Dam
Chamera Dam
Operator
ADHPL
THDC
THDC
JHPL
JHPL
State
Manali, Himachal Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Generator units
2 x 96
4 x 250, 4 x 250#
4 x 100
3 x 100
4 x 250
Chamba
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Punjab
Himachal Pradesh
NHPC
Udhampur
Jammu & Kashmir
6 x 250
6 x 165
6 x 66
5 x 108, 5 x 157
3 x 180, 3 x 100, 3 x
77
6 x 115
Salal Hydroelectric
Power Station
Uri Hydroelectric Project
Dulhasti
Dhauliganga-I
Baira Suil
Tanakpur
Sewa
Nimmo-Bazgo
Chutak
Parbati Hydroelectric
Project
Kishanganga
Hydroelectric Project
NHPC
NHPC
NHPC
NHPC
NHPC
NHPC
NHPC
NHPC
NHPC
Baramulla
Doda
Pithoragarh
Chamba
Champawat
Kathua
Leh
Kargil
Kullu
Jammu & Kashmir

Jammu & Kashmir
Uttarakhand
Himachal Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu & Kashmir
Himachal Pradesh
4 x 120, 4 x 60
3 x 130
4 x 70
3 x 60
3 x 40
3 x 40
3 x 15
4 x 11
4 x 200, 4 x 130
NHPC
Baramulla
Jammu & Kashmir
3 x 110
SJVNL
BBMB
BBMB
BBMB
NHPC
District
Kullu
Kinnaur
Mandi
Northern
106
Srisailam Dam
APGenco,TSGENCO
Sharavathi
KPCL
Andhra
Pradesh,Telangana
Karnataka
Kalinadi
KPCL
Karnataka
Nagarjuna Sagar
APGenco,TSGENCO
AP, TS
Nagarjuna Sagar tail

pond power house
Idukki
Mettur Dam
Linganamakki Dam
Kadamparai pumped
storage
Jurala Project
Lower Jurala Hydro
Electric Project[32]
Pulichinthala Project
APGenco,TSGENCO
AP, TS
KSEB
TNEB
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
6 x 130
4 x 50
Telangana
Telangana
4 x 39
6 x 40
AP, TS
4 x 30
TNEB
TSGENCO
TSGENCO
Chintharevula
Atmakur
APGenco,TSGENCO
Page
109
Southern
10 x 103.5, 2 x 27.5,
4 x 60, 4 x 13.2, 4 x
21.6
2 x 50, 1 x 135, 5 x
150, 3 x 50, 3 x 40
1 x 110, 7 x 100.8#, 2
x 30, 3 x 30
2 x 25
4 x 100#
76
Koyna
MahaGenco
Sardar Sarovar
Sardar Sarovar
Narmada Nigam
NHPC
NHPC
Indira Sagar
Omkareshwar
Bansagar Dam
Ghatghar Pumped
Storage
Mulshi Dam
Bargi Dam
Madikheda Dam
6 x 150#, 7 x 110
satara
Gujarat
Khadwa
Khandwa
MahaGenco
Tata Power
Maharashtra
Pune
4 x 70, 4 x 80, 2 x 20,

4 x 80, 4 x 250#
6 x 200#, 5 x 50
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
8 x 125
8 x 65
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
6 x 25, 1 x 150#
2 x 125#
Jayakwadi Dam
Kadana Dam
Ujjain
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Western
1 X 12#
2 x 60#, 2 x 60
1 x 12#
53
Indravati Power Station

Balimela Power Station
Hirakud Dam
Upper Kolab Power
Station
Sindol Complex Power
Station
Potteru Hydro Electric
Project
Jalaput Dam
Rengali Dam
Teesta-V
Teesta Low Dam
Purulia pumped storage
Penchat
Loktak
Rangit
Chuzachen Hydroelectric
Power Plant
Kambang Project
Sippi Project
Lower Subansiri
Hydroelectric Power
Project
Khuga Dam
Umiam-Umtru
Hydroelectric Power
Project
Odisha Hydro
Power Corporation
Odisha Hydro
Power Corporation
Odisha Hydro
Power Corporation
Odisha Hydro
Power Corporation
Odisha Hydro
Power Corporation
Odisha Hydro
Power Corporation
Odisha Hydro
Power Corporation
Odisha Hydro
Power Corporation
NHPC
NHPC
WBSEB
DVC
NHPC
NHPC
GIPL
NHPC
NHPC
NHPC
Kalahandi
Odisha
4 x 150
Malkangiri
Odisha
6 x 60, 2 x 75
Sambalpur
Odisha
Koraput
Odisha
2 x 49.5, 2 x 32, 3 x
37.5, 3 x 24
4 x 80
Sambalpur
Odisha
5 x 18, 5 x 20, 6 x 20
Koraput
Odisha
2x3
Koraput
Odisha
3 x 23, 3 x 17
Angul
Odisha
5 x 50
East Sikkim
Darjeeling
Purulia
Sikkim
West Bengal
West Bengal
Jharkhand
Manipur
Sikkim
Sikkim
3 x 170
4 x 33, 4 x 40
4 x 225#
1 x 40#
3 x 35
3 x 20
2 x 55
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh
3x2
2x2
8 x 250
Manipur
Meghalaya
6 x 9, 4 x 30
South Sikkim
East Sikkim
Lower
Subansiri
MECL
East Khasi
Hills
Eastern
52
TOTAL
275
Page
110
B. Solar
Name
Charanka Solar Park
Welspun Solar MP project
Green Energy Development
Corporation Ltd (GEDCOL)
Welspun Energy Rajasthan Solar
Project
Corporation Ltd (GEDCOL)
Bitta Solar Power Plant (Adani Power)
Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park
Moser Baer - Patan
Mithapur Solar Power Plant (Tata
Power) -Mithapur
Corporation Ltd (GEDCOL)[39]
Sunark Solar
NTPC Limited
Raajratna Energy Holdings - Bolangir
Solar Power Project
Azure Power - Sabarkantha, Khadoda
village
Green Infra Solar Enerdfdfsdfsdfgy
Limited
Location
Charanka village,Patan district
Bhagwanpur,Neemuch
Manamunda
State
Capacity(MW)
Gujarat
221
Madhya Pradesh
151
Odisha
50
Phalodhi
Rajasthan
50
2013
Odisha
48
2014
Bitta, Kutch District

Pokhran
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Gujarat
40
40
30
25
2012
2012
2011
2012
Rengali
Odisha
20
2014
Khurda
Kaniha
Balangir
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
10
10
10
2011
2014
2011
Gujarat
10
2011
Gujarat
10
2011
Rajkot
Commissioned
2012
2014
2014
Waa Solar Power Plant (Madhav

Power) -Surendranagar
S N Mohanty
Skygen Infrabuild
Konark Kranti Energy
Mahindra & Mahindra Solar
Plant, Jodhpur
Sivaganga Photovoltaic Plant
Citra and Sepset Power Plants
Sunark Solar
Abacus Holdings
Orion Solar
Skygen Infrabuild
IIT Bombay - Gwal Pahari, Haryana
Itnal Photovoltaic Plant, Belgaum
Kolar Photovoltaic Plant, Yalesandra,
Kolar District
Tata Power - Mulshi, Maharashtra
Azure Power - Ahwan Photovoltaic
Plant
Jamuria Photovoltaic Plant
TAL Solar Power Plant
- Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh
M G M Minerals
Raajratna Energy Holdings
Tata Power
Amruth Solar Power Plant
- Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh
B&G Solar Pvt Ltd - Mayiladuthurai
Gandhinagar Solar Plant,
NDPC Photovoltaic Plant
Numeric Power Systems, Coimbatore
Rasna Marketing Services
LLP,Ahmedabad
Solid Solar by Gautam Polymers, Delhi,
Haryana, UP
Tata Power - Osmanabad, Maharastra
Thyagaraj stadium Plant - Delhi
Zynergy, Vannankulam village,
Peraiyur, Madurai district
Chandraleela Power Energy
- Narnaul,Haryana
Telangana Power Generation
Corporation(TSGENCO Solar plant)
Patapur
Khurda
Dhenkanal
Katol
Khurda
Ganjam
Cuttack
Khurda
Tangi
Sadeipali
Patapur
Jurala Project
Gujarat
10
2011
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Rajasthan
9
5
5
5
2012
2011
2011
2012
Tamil Nadu
Maharashtra
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
Karnataka
Karnataka
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2010
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2011
2010
2010
Punjab
3
2
2011
2009
West Bengal
2
2
2009
2012
Odisha
Odisha
Odisha
1
1
1
1
2010
2011
2011
2012
Tamil Nadu
Gujarat
Delhi
Tamil Nadu
Gujarat
1
1
1
1
1
2011
2011
2010
2012
2011
NCR-Delhi
Tamil Nadu
1
1
2011
2010
2012
0.8
2012
2011
Telangana
Page
111
C. Wind power
Power Plant
Vankusawade Wind Park,
Vankusawade, Tal:Patan
Sipla
Samana
Damanjodi Wind Power Plant
Theni
Saundatti
Khandke
Narmada
Harapanahalli
Nuziveedu Seeds
Kayathar Subhash
Ramakkalmedu
Muppandal Wind
Gudimangalam
Puthlur RCI
Lamda Danida
Chennai Mohan
Jamgudrani MP
Producer
Suzlon Energy Ltd.
Location
Satara Dist.
State Total Capacity (MWe)

Maharashtra
259
CLP Wind Farms (India) Private Ltd

Suzlon Energy Ltd.
CLP Wind Farms (India) Private Ltd.
NSL Renewable Power Pvt Ltd.
Subhash Ltd.
Subhash Ltd.
Muppandal Wind Farm
Gudimangalam Wind Farm
Wescare (India) Ltd.
Danida India Ltd.
Mohan Breweries & Distilleries Ltd.
MP Windfarms Ltd.
Jaisalmer
Jamnagar
Damanjodi
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Odisha
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Karnatka
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Madhya Pradesh
Belgaum
Ahmednagar
Nallakonda
Davanagere
Bhimasamudra
Kayathar
Ramakkalmedu
Muppandal
Gudimangalam
Puthlur
Lamda
Chennai
Dewas
102
101
99
99
84
50
50
40
50.4
30
25
22
21
20
15
15
14
Jogmatti BSES
BSES Ltd.
Perungudi Newam
Kethanur Wind Farm
Hyderabad APSRTC
Newam Power Company Ltd.

Kethanur Wind Farm
Andhra Pradesh State Road
Transport Corp.
The Ramco Cements Ltd.
Chettinad Cement Corp. Ltd.
Shalivahana Green Energy. Ltd.
Muppandal Madras
Poolavadi Chettinad
Shalivahana Wind
Chitradurga
Dist
Perungudi
Kethanur
Hyderabad
Karnataka
14
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
12
11
10
Muppandal
Poolavadi
Tirupur
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
10
10
20.4
List of Important Dams in India

S. NO.
DAMS
1.
Bhakra Dam
1,325 MW
740 Ft.
2.
3.
Baglihar Dam
Tehri Dam
900 MW
2,400 MW
472 Ft.
855 Ft.
4.
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
816 MW
407 Ft.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Bansagar Dam
Hirakud Dam
Sardar Sarovar Dam
Indirasagar Dam
Bhavanisagar Dam
Idukki Dam
Mettur Dam
Srisailam Dam
Koyna Dam
Tungabhadra Dam
Mullaperiyar Dam
Pong Dam
Nathpa Dam
Rana Pratap Sagar Dam
Chamera Dam
First Phase
Second Phase
Third Phase
Rangit Dam
425 MW
347.5 MW
1,450 MW
1,000 MW
1,920 MW
780 MW
840 MW
1,670 MW
1,960 MW
72 MW
175 MW
396 MW
1,500 MW
172 MW
1071 MW
540 MW
300 MW
231 MW
60 MW
220 Ft.
200 Ft.
535 Ft.
302 Ft.
105 Ft.
554 Ft.
120 Ft.
476 Ft.
339 Ft.
162 Ft.
176 Ft.
436 Ft.
205 Ft.
177 Ft.
Madhya Pradesh
Orissa
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Himachal Pradesh
Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
Rajasthan
741 Ft.
Himachal Pradesh
148 Ft.
Sikkim
19.
20.
POWER GENERATION CAPACITY (in MW)
HEIGHT
STATE
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
Uttarakhand
Telangana, Andhra Pradesh
Page
112
Rivers in India
S.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
NAME OF RIVERS
GANGA
YAMUNA
BRAHMAPUTRA
MAHANADI
GODAVARI
KRISHNA
NARMADA
TAPTI
GOMTI
GANDAK
KOSI
SON
BETWA
CHAMBAL
SUTLEJ
RAVI
BEAS
CHENAB
JEHLAM
KAVERI
MAHANADI
TOUCHING STATES
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana
Assam, Arunachal,Tibet
Chhattisgarh, Odisha
Maharashtra, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat
Lucknow
Bihar
Bihar
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan
Panjab
Himachal, Panjab
Himachal, Panjab
Himachal, Panjab
Panjab
Tamil Nadu
Odisha
LENGTH
AROUND 2,525 K.M.
1,376 K.M.
2,900 K.M.
858 K.M.
1,465 K.M.
1,400 K.M.
1,315 K.M.
724 K.M.
900 K.M.
320 K.M.
720 K.M.
784 K.M.
590 K.M.
960 K.M.
1,500 K.M.
720 K.M.
470 K.M.
960 K.M.
725 K.M.
765 K.M.
858 K.M.
50 Famous Temples in India with Locations
Page
113
Temple
Akshardham Temple
Amarkantak Temple
Amarnath Cave Temple
Angrabadi Temple
Annamalaiyar Temple
Badrinath Temple
Brihadeeswara Temple
Chennakesava Temple
Durgiana Temple
Dwarkadhish Temple
Gangotri Temple
Golden Temple
Gomateshwara Temple
Hoysaleswara Temple
Iskcon Temple
Kalighat Mandir
Kamakhya Temple
Kanaka Temple
Kanchipuram Temples
Kashi Vishwanath Temple
Kedarnath Temple
Khajuraho Temple
Konark Sun Temple
Kumbakonam Temples
Laxminarayan Temple
Lingaraja Temple
Lord Jagannath Temple
Lotus Temple
Malinithan Temple
Manikaran Temple
Meenakshi Temple
Nellaiappar Temple
Ram Tirath Temple
Ramanathaswamy (Rameshwaram) Temple
Ranakpur Temple
Sabarimala Temple
Sanchi Stupa
Shankaracharya Temple
Shirdi Sai Baba Temple
Shri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir
Siddhivinayak Temple
Somnath Temple
Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple
Thillai Nataraja Temple
Tirupati Balaji
Vaishno Devi
Virupaksha Temple
Yamunotri Temple
Location
Delhi
Chhattisgarh
Jammu & Kashmir
Jharkhand
Tamil Nadu
Uttarakhand
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Punjab
Gujarat
Uttarakhand
Punjab
Karnataka
Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Assam
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Madhya Pradesh
Odisha
Tamil Nadu
Delhi
Odisha
Odisha
New Delhi
Arunachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Punjab
Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
Maharashtra
Delhi
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
Karnataka
Uttarakhand
Chapter-10
COUNTRIES AND THEIR CAPITAL & CURRENCY
Africa
Name
1.
Algeria
2.
Angola
3.
Benin
4.
5.
6.
7.
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Capital
Algiers
Luanda
Porto-Novo (official)Cotonou (seat
of government)
Gaborone
Ouagadougou
Bujumbura
Yaound
8.
Cape Verde
Praia
9.
10.
11.
12.
Central African Republic

Chad
Comoros
Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)
13.
Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Bangui
N'Djamena
Moroni
Brazzaville
Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)
14. Democratic Republic of the

Congo (Congo-Kinshasa)
15. Djibouti
16. Egypt
114
Official language
Arabic
Portuguese
CFA franc
French
Pula
CFA franc
Burundian franc
CFA franc
Cape Verdean
escudo
CFA franc
CFA franc
Comorian franc
CFA franc
English Setswana
French
Kirundi French
French English
CFA franc
French
Kinshasa
Congolese franc
French
Djibouti
Cairo
French Arabic
Arabic
Spanish FrenchPortugue
se
Tigrinya ArabicEnglish
Amharic
French
English
English
French
Portuguese
Swahili English
English Sesotho
English
Arabic
Malagasy French
English Chichewa
French
Arabic
Mauritian
CreoleFrench English
17.
Equatorial Guinea
Malabo
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Asmara
Addis Ababa
Libreville
Banjul
Accra
Conakry
Bissau
Nairobi
Maseru
Monrovia
Tripoli
Antananarivo
Lilongwe
Bamako
Nouakchott
Djiboutian franc
Egyptian pound
Equatorial
Guinean peseta
Tallero
Birr
CFA franc
Gambian dalasi
Ghana cedi
Guinean franc
CFA franc
Kenyan shilling
Lesotho loti
Liberian dollar
Dinar
Malagasy ariary
Kwacha
CFA franc
Ouguiya
33.
Mauritius
Port Louis
Mauritian rupee
34.
Mayotte
35.
Morocco
Mamoudzou Overseas department

of France
Rabat
36.
Mozambique
Maputo
37.
38.
39.
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
40.
Runion
Windhoek
Niamey
Abuja
Saint-Denis
Overseas department of France
41.
Rwanda
Kigali
Portuguese
French Sango
French Arabic
Comorian ArabicFrench
French
Euro
French
Moroccan dirham
Mozambican
metical
Namibian dollar
CFA franc
Naira
Arabic Berber
Euro
French
Rwandan franc
Kinyarwanda English
French
Saint Helena
pound
Pound sterling
English
43.
44.
Sao Tome and Principe

Senegal
Jamestown (Saint Helena)

Georgetown (Ascension Island)
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (Tristan
da Cunha)
So Tom
Dakar
45.
Seychelles
Victoria
Seychellois rupee
46.
Sierra Leone
Freetown
Leone
42. Saint Helena, Ascension and

Tristan da Cunha
Page
Currency
Dinar
Kwanza
Dobra
CFA franc
Portuguese
English
French
English
Portuguese
French
Seychellois
CreoleFrench English
English
47.
Somalia
Mogadishu
Somali shilling
48.
Somaliland
Hargeisa
Somaliland shilling
49.
South Africa
Pretoria (administrative/executive)
Cape Town (legislative)
Bloemfontein (judicial)
South African rand
50.
South Sudan
Juba
51.
Sudan
52.
Swaziland
53.
Tanzania
54.
55.
56.
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Khartoum
Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)
Dodoma (official)
Dar es Salaam (seat of government)
Lom
Tunis
Kampala
57.
Western Sahara
None Disputed territory

between Morocco and the Sahrawi
Arab Democratic Republic
58.
59.
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Lusaka
Harare
South Sudanese
pound
Sudanese pound
Somali
Arabic
Somali
Arabic
Afrikaans English
Southern Ndebele
Northern Sotho
Southern
SothoSwazi TsongaTsw
ana Venda XhosaZulu
English
Arabic English
Lilangeni
English Swati
Tanzanian shilling
Swahili English
CFA franc
Tunisian dinar
Ugandan shilling
Moroccan dirham
Algerian dinar
Mauritanian
ouguiya
Zambian kwacha
various
French
Arabic
Swahili EnglishLuganda
See respective
claimants
English
English ShonaSindebele
Asia
Name
1.
Afghanistan
Page
115
2.
Akrotiri and Dhekelia
3.
Armenia
4.
Azerbaijan [Europe]
5.
Bahrain
6.
Bangladesh
7.
Bhutan
8.
British Indian Ocean
Territory
9.
Brunei
10. Cambodia
11. China
Capital
Currency
Kabul
Afghani
Episkopi Cantonment
Yerevan
Baku
Manama
Dhaka
Thimphu
Diego Garcia
Overseas territory of the United Kingdom
Bandar Seri Begawan
Phnom Penh
Beijing
Flying Fish Cove
External territory of Australia
West Island
Euro
Dram
Manat
Bahraini dinar
Taka
Bhutanese ngultrum
US dollar UK pound
English
Brunei dollar
Riel
Renminbi (yuan)
Bahasa Melayu
Khmer
Standard Chinese
Australian dollar
English
12.
Christmas Island
13.
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
14.
Cyprus [Europe]
Nicosia
Euro
15.
East Timor (Timor-Leste)
Dili
US Dollar
16.
Georgia
Tbilisi
Lari
17.
Hong Kong
Special administrative region of China
Hong Kong dollar
18.
India
New Delhi
Rupee
19.
20.
Indonesia
Iran
Jakarta
Tehran
Rupiah
Rial
21.
Iraq
Baghdad
Iraqi dinar
22.
Israel
23.
24.
Japan
Jordan
Jerusalem (seat of government,

proclaimed capital)
Tokyo
Amman
25.
Kazakhstan
Astana
Tenge
26.
27.
Kurdistan
Kuwait
Erbil
Kuwait City
Dinar
Kuwaiti dinar
[Europe]
Official language
Pashto Dari
(Persian)
English Greek
Armenian
Azerbaijani
Arabic
Bengali
Dzongkha
Australian dollar
New Shekel
Yen
Jordanian dinar
English
Tagalog
Greek
Turkish
Portuguese
Tetum
Georgian
English
Cantonese
Hindi
English
Indonesian
Persian
Kurdish
Arabic
Hebrew
Arabic
Japanese
Arabic
Kazakh
Russian
Kurdish
Arabic
Kyrgyz
Russian
Lao
Arabic
Portuguese
Cantonese
28.
Kyrgyzstan
Bishkek
Som
29.
30.
Laos
Lebanon
Vientiane
Beirut
Kip
Lebanese pound
31.
Macau
Special administrative region of China
Macanese pataca
32.
Malaysia
33.
34.
35.
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar (Burma)
36.
Nagorno-Karabakh
37.
Nepal
38.
Northern Cyprus
39.
40.
North Korea
Oman
Kuala Lumpur (official)

Putrajaya (seat of government)
Mal
Ulaanbaatar
Naypyidaw
Stepanakert
De facto sovereign state lacking general
international recognition
Recognized by United Nations as de
jure part ofAzerbaijan
Kathmandu
Nicosia
Recognized by United Nation as de
jure part ofCyprus
Pyongyang
Muscat
41.
Pakistan
Islamabad
Pakistani Rupee
42.
Palestine
Ramallah (West Bank seat of government)

Gaza (Gaza Strip seat of government)
East Jerusalem (capital)
State of Palestine (flag
displayed) proclaimed on territory
Israeli Shekel
43.
Philippines
Manila
Philippine Peso
44.
45.
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Doha
Riyadh
Riyal
Saudi riyal
46.
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore dollar
47.
South Korea
Seoul
South Korean won
48.
Sri Lanka
Colombo
Sri Lankan rupee
49.
Syria
Syrian pound
50.
Taiwan
New Taiwan dollar
Standard Chinese
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkey [Europe]
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Damascus
Taipei
Recognized by United Nations as part
of China.
Dushanbe
Bangkok
Ankara
Ashgabat
Abu Dhabi
Filipino
English
Arabic
Arabic
English
Chinese
Malay
Tamil
Korean
Sinhala
Tamil
Arabic
Tajik
Thai
Turkish
Turkmen
Arabic
56.
Uzbekistan
Tashkent
57.
58.
Vietnam
Yemen
Hanoi
Sana'a
Somoni
Baht
Turkish lira
Turkmen new manat
UAE dirham
Uzbekistan som
(O'zbekiston so'mi)
ng
Yemeni rial
Ringgit
Malaysian
Maldivian rufiyaa
Tgrg
Kyat
Maldivian
Mongolian
Burmese
Armenian dram
Armenian
Nepalese rupee
Nepali
Turkish lira
Turkish
North Korean won

Rial
Korean
Arabic
English
Urdu
Arabic
Uzbek
Vietnamese
Arabic
Europe
Page
116
Name
1.
land Islands
2.
3.
4.
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Capital
Mariehamn
Autonomous region of Finland (recognized by
international treaty)
Tirana
Andorra la Vella
Vienna
Currency
Official language
Euro
Swedish
Lek
Euro
Euro
Albanian
Catalan
German
5.
Belarus
Minsk
Belarusian ruble
6.
Belgium
Brussels
Euro
Page
117
7.
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
8.
Bulgaria
9.
Croatia
10. Czech Republic
11. Denmark
12. Estonia
Sarajevo
Convertible
mark
Lev
Kuna
Czech koruna
Danish krone[a]
Euro
13.
Faroe Islands
14.
Finland
Sofia
Zagreb
Prague
Copenhagen
Tallinn
Trshavn
Self-governing territory of the Danish Realm
Helsinki
15.
France
Paris
16.
Germany
17.
Gibraltar
18.
19.
20.
21.
Greece
Guernsey
Hungary
Iceland
Berlin
Gibraltar
Athens
Saint Peter Port, British Crown dependency
Budapest
Reykjavk
22.
Ireland
Dublin
23.
Isle of Man
24.
Italy
25.
Jersey
26.
Kosovo
27.
28.
29.
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Douglas
British Crown dependency
Rome
Saint Helier
British Crown dependency
Pristina (De facto sovereign state recognized by
over 80 UN member states, A United
Nations mandate in Serbian territory was put in
place starting in 1999).
Riga
Vaduz
Vilnius
30.
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
31.
Macedonia
Skopje
32.
33.
34.
35.
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Valletta
Chiinu
Monaco
Podgorica
36.
Netherlands
Amsterdam
37.
Norway
Oslo
38.
39.
40.
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Warsaw
Lisbon
Bucharest
Macedonian
denar
Euro
Moldovan leu
Euro
Euro
Euro, US
dollar,NA
guilder,Aruban
florin
Norwegian
krone
Zoty
Euro
Romanian leu
41.
Russia
Moscow
Russian ruble
42.
43.
44.
45.
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
San Marino
Belgrade
Bratislava
Ljubljana
Euro
Serbian dinar
Euro
Euro
46.
Spain
Madrid
Euro
47.
Svalbard
48.
Sweden
Longyearbyen Special territory

of Norway (recognized by international treaty)
Stockholm
Norwegian
krone
Swedish krona
Faroese krna
Euro
Euro
CFP franc
Euro
Belarusian
Russian
Dutch French Ger
man
Bosnian Croatian
Serbian
Bulgarian
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Estonian
Faroese
Danish
Finnish Swedish
French
German
Gibraltar pound
English
Euro
Pound sterling
Forint
Icelandic krna
Greek
English French
Hungarian
Icelandic
English
Irish
English
Manx
Italian
English
French
Euro
Pound sterling
Euro
Pound sterling
Euro
Albanian, Serbian
Euro
Swiss franc
Euro
Latvian
German
Lithuanian
Luxembourgish Fr
ench
German
Euro
Macedonian
Maltese English
Moldovan
French
Montenegrin
Dutch
Norwegian, Bokm
l,Nynorsk
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Russian
27 others coofficial
Italian
Serbian
Slovak
Slovene
Spanish, Catalan,
Galician, Basque
Norwegian
Swedish
Switzerland
Bern
Swiss franc
German, French, I
talian,Romansh
50.
Transnistria
Tiraspol
Recognized by United Nations as de jure part
of Moldova
Transnistrian
ruble
Russian, Moldova
n,Ukrainian
51.
Ukraine
Kiev
52.
53.
United Kingdom
Vatican City
London
Vatican City
49.
Ukrainian
hryvnia
Pound sterling
Euro
Ukrainian
English
Italian
North America
Name
1.
Anguilla
2.
Antigua and
Barbuda
3.
Aruba
4.
5.
6.
7.
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bermuda
8.
Bonaire
9.
British Virgin
Islands
10. Canada
11. Cayman Islands
12.
13.
14.
15.
Clipperton Island
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curaao
Page
118
16. Dominica
17. Dominican
Republic
18. El Salvador
19. Greenland
20.
21.
Grenada
Guadeloupe
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Martinique
27.
28.
Mexico
Montserrat
29.
30.
31.
Navassa Island
Nicaragua
Panama
32.
Puerto Rico
33.
Saba
34.
Saint Barthlemy
Capital
The Valley, Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom
St. John's
Currency
Official language
East Caribbean Dollar
English
English
Oranjestad, Constituent country of the

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Nassau
Bridgetown
Belmopan
Hamilton, Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom
Kralendijk, Special municipality of the
Netherlands
Road Town, Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom
Ottawa
George Town, Overseas territory of the
United Kingdom
Uninhabited, Overseas territory of France
San Jos
Havana
Willemstad, Constituent country of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Roseau
Santo Domingo
Aruban florin
Papiamento,Dutch
Bahamian Dollar
Barbadian Dollar
Belize Dollar
Bermudian Dollar
English
English
English
English
United States Dollar
Dutch
English
Canadian Dollar
Cayman Islands Dollar
French,English
English
Euro
Costa Rican colon
Cuban peso
Netherlands Antillean
guilder
Dominican peso
French
Spanish
Spanish
Papiamento
Dutch
English
Spanish
San Salvador
Nuuk, Self-governing territory of the Danish
Realm
St. George's
Basse-Terre
Overseas department of France
Guatemala City
Port-au-Prince
Tegucigalpa
Kingston
Fort-de-France, Overseas department of
France
Mexico City
Plymouth (official), Brades (seat of
government)
Insular area of the United States of America
Managua
Panama City

Danish Krone
Spanish
Greenlandic

Euro
English
French
Guatemalan quetzal
Haitian gourde
Honduran lempira
Jamaican Dollar
Euro
Spanish
French
Spanish
English
French
Mexican peso
Spanish
English

Nicaraguan cordoba
Panamanian balboa
English
Spanish
Spanish
San Juan
The Bottom
Special municipality of the Netherlands
Gustavia
Overseas collectivity of France
English
Spanish

Euro
French
35. Saint Kitts and

Nevis
36. Saint Lucia
37. Saint Martin
38. Saint Pierre and
Miquelon
39. Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
40. Sint Eustatius
41.
Sint Maarten
42. Trinidad and

Tobago
43. Turks and Caicos
Islands
44. United States
45. United States
Virgin Islands
Basseterre
English
Castries
Marigot
Saint-Pierre
Kingstown

Euro
English
French
Euro
French
English
Oranjestad
Special municipality of the Netherlands
Philipsburg
Constituent country of the Kingdom of the
Netherlands
Port of Spain

Netherlands Antillean
guilder
Cockburn Town
Washington, D.C.
Charlotte Amalie
Trinidad and Tobago

Dollar
English

English
English
English
South America
Name
1.
Argentina
2.
Bolivia
3.
Brazil
4.
Chile
5.
Colombia
6.
Ecuador
7.
Falkland
Islands
8.
French
Guiana
9.
Guyana
10. Paraguay
11. Peru
12. Suriname
13. Uruguay
14. Venezuela
Capital
Buenos Aires
Sucre (official), La Paz (seat of government)
Braslia
Santiago
Bogot
Quito
Stanley, Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom
Cayenne, Overseas department of France
Currency
Peso
Boliviano
Real
Peso
Peso
United States dollar
Falkland Islands pound
Official language
Spanish
Spanish, Quechua,Aymara
Portuguese
Spanish
Spanish
Spanish
English
Euro
French
Georgetown
Asuncin
Lima
Paramaribo
Montevideo
Caracas
Guyanese dollar
Guaran
Nuevo sol
Surinamese dollar
Uruguayan peso
Bolvar fuerte
English
Spanish, Guaran
Spanish
Dutch
Spanish
Spanish
Oceania
Name
1.
American Samoa
Page
119
2.
Ashmore and Cartier
Islands External territory of
Australia
3.
Australia
4.
Baker Island
Capital
Pago Pago, Insular area of the
United States of America
Currency
Canberra
Australian dollar
Insular area of the United States
of America
New Zealand dollar, Cook
Islands dollar
5.
Cook Islands
6.
7.
8.
Coral Sea Islands

Fiji
French Polynesia
9.
Guam
Avarua, Self-governing
parliamentary democracy in free
association with New Zealand
Suva
Papeete, Overseas
collectivity of France
Hagta
10.
Howland Island
11.
Jarvis Island
12.
Johnston Atoll
Official language
English
Samoan

Fijian dollar
CFP Franc
of America
of America
of America
of America
None
English, Cook
Islands Mori
French
13.
Kingman Reef

of America
14.
15.
16.
17.
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Midway Atoll
South Tarawa
Majuro
Palikir
18.
19.
Nauru
New Caledonia
20.
New Zealand
Yaren (seat of government)

Nouma, Sui generis
collectivity (special collectivity)
ofFrance
Wellington
21.
Niue
Alofi
22.
Norfolk Island
Kingston

of America
CFP Franc
French
New Zealand Dollar
Maori, New
Zealand
Sign,English
Self-governing parliamentary
democracy in free association
with New Zealand
Self-governing territory of
Australia
of America
23. Northern Mariana

Islands
24. Palau
25. Palmyra Atoll
Saipan
26.
27.
Papua New Guinea

Pitcairn Islands
Port Moresby
Adamstown
28.
29.
30.
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tokelau
31.
32.
33.
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Apia
Honiara
Nukunonu (main settlement, although
each atoll has its own administrative
centre)
Nukualofa
Funafuti
Port Vila
34.
Wake Island
35.
Wallis and Futuna
Ngerulmud

of America
Overseas territory of the United
Kingdom
Insular area of the United States of,

America
Mata-Utu, Overseas
collectivity of France
Dependent territory of New

Zealand
Vanuatu vatu
Bislama, Fren
ch,English

CFP Franc
French
Antarctica
Name
1.
Bouvet Island
Dependent territory of Norway
2.
French Southern Territories
Page
120
3.
Heard Island and McDonald
Islands External territory of
Australia
4.
South Georgia and the
South Sandwich Islands
Capital
Currency
Official Language
Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands), Port-aux,

Franais (Kerguelen Islands), Martin-de-Vivis (Saint
Paul and Amsterdam Islands)
Overseas territory of France
Euro
French
King Edward Point, Overseas territory of the United

Kingdom
Pound
sterling
English
Chapter-11
Important Days
List of Important Days National & International
January
Myanmar Independence Day
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (Non-resident
Indian Day)
National Youth Day (India)
Indian Army Day
National Hug Day
National Voters' Day (India)
Dydd Santes Dwynwen (Saint Dwynwen's
Welsh Valentine's Day)
Burns Night (Roberts Burns' birth
anniversary)
Republic Day (India)
Australia Day
International Day of Commemoration in
Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
Martyr's Day (Mahatma Gandhi's
Martyrdom Day)
International Street Children's Day
February
January 4
Candlemas Day
World Cancer Day
Sri Lanka Independence Day
Waitangi Day (New Zealand)
International Day of Zero Tolerance to
Female Genital Mutilation
Darwin Day
Hug Day
Valentine's Day
February 2
February 4
February 4
February 6
January 25
International Mother Language Day
February 21
January 26
January 26
Language Martyrs' Day (Bangladesh)

Thinking Day
National Science Day (India)
Rare Disease Day
February 21
February 22
February 28
February 28
January 9
January 12
January 15
January 21
January 25
January 25
January 27
January 30
121
Washington's Birthday- third Monday of February
April
March 1 (Wales)
March 2
March 8
March 12
March 14
March 14
March 15
March 17
March 20
March 21
March 21
March 21
March 21
March 21
March 22
March 23
March 24
March 26
March 26
May
Page
February 12
February 13
February 14
January 31
March
Saint David's Day
Texas Independence Day
International Women's Day
World Kidney Day
Pi Day
White Day
World Consumer Rights Day
Saint Patrick's Day
World Sparrow Day
International Day for the Elimination of
Racial Discrimination
International Day of Forests
World Down Syndrome Day
World Poetry Day
World Wood Day
World Water Day
Pakistan Day
World Tuberculosis Day
Purple Day
Bangladesh Independence Day
February 6
World Laughter Day First Sunday of May every year

International Workers' Day
May 1
May Day
May 1
World Press Freedom Day
May 3
Remembrance of the Dead
May 4
Star Wars Day
May 4
Greenery Day
May 4
International Midwives' Day
May 5
International No Diet Day
May 6
Victory in Europe Day
May 8
Military Spouse Appreciation Day
May 11
International Nurses Day
May 12
International Day of Families
May 15
World Information Society Day
May 17
April Fools Day

World Autism Awareness Day
World Health Day
International Romani Day
International Louie Louie Day
Cosmonautics Day
Black Day
Pohela Boishakh (Bangla New Year's
Day)
Day of Silence
Day of Dialogue
Foursquare Day
World Hemophilia Day
Earth Day
St George's Day
World Book Day
ANZAC Day
Liberation Day (Italy)
World Malaria Day
World Intellectual Property Day
King's Day (The Netherlands)
International Dance Day
International Jazz Day
April 1
April 2
April 7
April 8
April 11
April 12
April 14
April 14
April 15
April 15
April 16
April 17
April 22
April 23
April 23
April 25
April 25
April 25
April 26
April 27
April 29
April 30
June
Queen's Official Birthday First, Second or third
Saturday in June
National Cancer Survivors Day (USA) First Sunday of
June
Republic Day (Italy)
June 2
World Environment Day
June 5
D-Day
June 6
World Oceans Day
June 8
Independence Day (Philippines)
June 12
World Blood Donor Day
June 14
Autistic Pride Day
June 18
Juneteenth- June 19 (Celebrated on June 19th and/or
3rd Saturday of the month)
World Refugee Day
June 20
International Day Against Homophobia and

Transphobia
International Day for Biological Diversity
World Turtle Day
Commonwealth Day
International Missing Children's Day
Towel Day
Geek Pride Day
Menstrual Hygiene Day
World No Tobacco Day
May 17
May 22
May 23
May 24
May 25
May 25
May 25
May 28
May 31
July
September
122
June 26
International Beer Day - First Friday of August

Friendship Day - First Sunday of August
International Youth Day
August 12
International Lefthanders Day
August 13
Youm-e-Azadi (Pakistan Independence
August 14
Day)
National day of mourning (Bangladesh)
August 15
Victory over Japan Day (UK)
August 15
Indian Independence Day
August 15
Day of the Assumption of the Virgin
August 15
Mary
Bennington Battle Day
August 16
Indonesian Independence Day
August 17
World Mosquito Day
August 20
Indian Akshay Urja Day
August 20
International Day for the Remembrance
August 23
of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
European Day of Remembrance for
August 23
Victims of Stalinism and Nazism
Women's Equality Day
August 26
National Sports Day
August 29
Hari Merdeka (Malaysia National Day)
August 31
October
September 2
September 5
September 5
September 7
September 10
September 11
September 14
September 15
September 15
September 16
September 19
September 21
September 24
September 26
September 27
September 28
September 29
September 29
November
Page
June 21
June 21
June 21
June 21
August
July 1
Canada Day
World UFO Day
July 2
Independence Day (United States)
July 4
World Population Day
July 11
Malala Day
July 12
Bastille Day
July 14
World Day for International Justice
July 17
Mandela Day
July 18
Pi Approximation Day
July 22
Kargil Vijay Diwas
July 26
International Tiger Day
July 29
System Administrator Appreciation Day - last Friday in July
Victory over Japan Day (USA)

International Day of Charity
Teachers' Day (India)
Brazilian Independence Day
World Suicide Prevention Day
Patriot Day
Hindi Day
Engineer's Day (India)
International Day of Democracy
Malaysia Day
International Talk Like a Pirate Day
International Day of Peace
World Heart Day
European Day of Languages
World Tourism Day
World Rabies Day
International Coffee Day
World Heart Day
Fathers Day
World Hydrography Day
Fte de la Musique
International Yoga Day
International Day against Drug Abuse
and Illicit Trafficking
Melbourne Cup Day 1st Tuesday in November

World Vegan Day
November 1
All Saints' Day
November 1
All Souls' Day
November 2
Bonfire Night (also Guy Fawkes Night)
November 5
Armistice Day (also Remembrance Day)
November 11
World Habitat Day First Monday of October

World Sight Day Second Thursday of October
World Vegetarian Day
October 2
Gandhi Jayanthi
October 2
International Day of Non-Violence
October 2
German Unity Day
October 3
Stevie Ray Vaughan Day (Austin, Texas) October 3
World Animal Day
October 4
German-American Day
October 6
World Post Day
October 9
World Mental Health Day
October 10
World Standards Day
October 14
Pregnancy and Infant Loss
October 15
Remembrance Day
Global Handwashing Day
October 15
World Food Day
October 16
International Day for the Eradication of
October 17
Poverty
Mole Day
October 23
United Nations Day
October 24
Labour Day (New Zealand)
October 27
National Cat Day (USA)
October 29
Halloween
October 31
December
World AIDS Day
United Nations' International Day of
Persons with Disabilities
International Volunteer Day
International Civil Aviation Day
Human Rights Day
December 1
December 3
December 5
December 7
December 10
Veterans Day
November 11
World Pneumonia Day
November 12
World Diabetes Day
November 14
World Prematurity Day
November 17
International Men's Day
November 19
Citizen's Day
November 19
Universal Children's Day
November 20
Transgender Day of Remembrance
November 20
World Television Day
November 21
International Day for the Elimination of
November 25
Violence against Women
Law Day (India)
November 26
Saint Andrew's Day (Scotland)
November 30
Cities for Life Day
November 30
Self-injury Awareness Day
November 30
Children's Day (some countries)
November 14
Thanksgiving (United States) Fourth Thursday of November
Victory day of Bangladesh

Christmas Eve
Christmas Day
Quaid-e-Azam Day
Boxing Day
Kwanzaa December 26 to January 1
New Year's Eve
December 16
December 24
December 25
December 25
December 26
December 31
Short Tricks to Remember Days

1. January
January-In January there are 5 important days
1. 12 Jan-National youth day (rashtriya yuva diwas)
2. 15 Jan-Army day (sena diwas)
3. 24 Jan-National girl child day (rashtriya balika diwas)
4. 25 Jan- National tourism day/ voter day
5. 30 Jan- National martyr day (rashtriya shahid diwas)/
Anti leprosy day
No. Of days=5 so,
Story subject- January me mere ghar 5 tarah ke log
aaye
Trick with story- January me mere ghar paanch tarah ke
log aaye jinme 12 yuva,15 sena ke log,24 balikaye,2525 tourism aur voter or 30 shahid ke parivar ke log jo
leprosy ke shikar the.
Note-12, 15, 24, 25, 30 is days.
2. February
In February only 2 important days (both related to
science)
1. 4 feb- world Cancer day
2. 28 feb-National Science day
Story subject- February me science ne 2 experiment kiye
Trick- February me science ne do experiment kiye jinme
4 cancer ke marizo ko thik karne me 28 vigyan(science)
ka use hua.
3. March
8 mar- International women day
2. 9 mar-world kidney day
3. 15 mar-world consumer right day
20 mar- world sparrow day/happiness day(khushi diwas)
5. 21 mar- World forest day
6. 22 mar- world water day
7. 23 mar- meteorological day
8. 24 mar- World T.B day
1.
Page
123
4.
Note-(because of all days are WORLD days) SubjectMarch ki 8 world famous Ghatnaye
Trick with story- 8 women ki 9 kidney 15 consumers KO
20 sparrow ke through khushi khushi 21 forest me 22
water boat ke jariye 23 metro stations par 24 T.B ke
marizo ko becha gaya.
Note- 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 days in sequence to bs story
yaad rkhey.
4) April
2 april -Autism awareness day in short (AADami)/World
autism day
2. 7 april- world health day
3. 21 april- Civil service day
4. 22 april- Earth day
5. 24 April- National Panchayati Raj day
1.
Subject-chaar (April is 4th month) ka paanch

Trick with story- 2 AADamiyo be acche helath ke sath (7)
21 baar civil service ka exam diya or ve do do (22) bar
is dharti (earth) par pass hue or end me 24 vi baar me
unhe Panchayat vibhag mila. (Hard work pays off)
5) May
1. 1 may- international labour day
2. 3 may- world press freedom day
3. 11 may- National technology day
21 may- Anti- terrorism day/death of Rajiv gandhi
5. 31 may- Anti-Tobacco day
4.
Subject- Paanch ka panch

Trick with story- 1 (ek) Rajiv naam ka labour tha jisey 3
press (stri) free me miley the jo 11vi sadi ki technology se
bane the par 21vi sadi me kuch terrorist ne Rajiv ko mar
kar usey 31 rupaye me Tobacco company ko bech diya.
1.
2.
6) June
5 june- World environment day ( everyone knows)
21 june- World Yoga day ( latest hai sb jante hai)
1.
2.
7) July
1 july National Doctors day
11july world population day
Subject- Sath(7)-sath (7) 2 kadam chale

Trick with Story- 1 doctor ne san 2011 ke population ko
control kiya.
4.
(8) August
1. 6 August- hiroshima day
2. 9 aug- Nagasaki day
3. 12 aug- International youth day
29 aug- National Sports day/ Dhyan chand day
Subject- 8(aug) ka adha 4
Trick with story- 6 heros ne 9 naago ko 12 saal ke youth

ko 29 bar dhyan se khelne ko diya.
(9) September
1. 5 sept- teachers day
2. 8 sept- world literacy day
3. 14sept- Hindi diwas
4. 15 sept- Engineers day in India
5. 16 sept- World Ozone day
Subject- 5 sept. Ko teachers day hota hai (hum sabhi
jante hai iska mtlb sept. Me 5 days hote hai) Ab baki ke
4 days
Trick with story- 8 world ke literate person ko 14 hindi
pe,15 engineering pe or 16 Ozone day pe essay
likhwaya gaya.
Note-14,n15, 16 continue so remember story only
1.
Subject- oct. Me RRB-IV ka result ayega.

Trick with story- 2oct ko gandhi ji ne Ahinsa (non-violence)
ka nara diya. 8 Airforce ne 9 letters post kiye 24 UN
countries ko
(11) November
1. 17 Nov- World Students day
2. 18 nov- World Adults day
3. 19 nov- World Citizens day
4. 26 nov- National laws day
Subject- 114=44 ( means in nov. four days)
Trick with story- 17 saal ke students jab 18 saal ke
adults hue to unhe 19 saal ke Citizens ne unhe 26
national laws sikhaye.
Note- (17, 18, 19) saal ke bachhe
(12) December
1. 1 dec- AIDS day
2 dec- World computer literacy day
3. 4 dec- Navy day
4. 10-dec- human rights day
(10) October
2.
2 oct- National non violence day/Gandhi day
2. 8 oct- Airforce day
3. 9 oct- world post office day
4. 24 oct- United nation day
5. 14 dec- National Energy Conservation Day
6. 24 dec- national consumers day
7. 25 dec- Good governance day(India)
Subject- December ke sath sath (7) saal bhi chala gaya.

Tricks with story- 1 Add (AIDS) me likha tha 2 computer literate ki jarurt hai 4 dino ke ander Navy me jiske liye 10 human ne
apne rights ke sath apply kiya or 14 dec. Ko full energy ke sath interview diya or 24 ghante me unhe national consumers ki
post mili , is tarah 25 saal me unhe Good gav. Job mil gai :))
TWO SAME DAYS FUNDA:
1) 12 Jan- National youth day
2) 12 Aug- International youth day
Trick- Jane Na (national) you (youth) KO kya oogI (aug- International) ho you (youth)
Page
124
1)15 mar- World consumers rights day

2) 24 dec- National consumer rights day
Trick- Pahle consumers march me world me aaye rights lene fir December me India (nation) me rights liya.
Chapter-12
Books and Their Authors
Important Books and Authors
Page
125
Book Name
Adventures of Sherlock
Holmes
Adventures of Tom
Sawyer
Ain-i-Ak Bari
The Alchemist
Alls Well that Ends
Well
An American Tragedy
An Idealist view of life
Anand Math
Androcles and the Lion
Ape and Essence
Apple Cart
Arabian Nights
Area of Dark ness
Arthashastra
Arms and the Man
Around the world in
eighty days
As you like it
Autobiography of an
unknown Indian
Babur-nama
Between the lines
Bharat Bharati
Bitter Sweet
Brave new world
Broken wings
Bunch of old letters
Caesar and Cleopatra
Canterbury Tales
Chitra
Comedy of errors
Coolie
Crime and punishment
Das Kapital
David Copperfield
Descent of Man
Dilemma of Our Time
Discovery of India
Divine Life
Doctors Dilemma
Doctor Zhivago
Ends and Means
Farewell to Arms
First among Equals
For Whom the Bell Tolls
Freedom at midnight
Future Shock
Geet Govinda
Gitanjali
Gita Rahasya
Glimpses of world
History
Godan
Golden threshold
The Golden Gate
Written By
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Mark Twain
Abul Fazal
Paulo Colelho
William Shakespeare
Theodore Dreiser
Dr S. Radhakrishnan
Bankim Chandra Chattaerjee
George Bernard Shaw
A.Huxley
George Bernard Shaw
Sir Richard Burton
V.S. Naipaul
Kautilya
George Bernard Shaw
Jule verne
William Shakeshpeare
Nirad C.Choudhary
Babur
Kuldip Nayar
Maithili Sharan Gupt
Noel Coward
Aldous Huxley
Sarjonini Naidu
Jawaharlal Nehru
George Bernard Shaw
Geoffrey Chaucer
Rabindranath Tagore
William Shakespeare
Mulk Raj Anand
Fyodor Dostoevsky
Karl Marx
Charles Dickens
Charles Darwin
Harold Joseph Laski
Jawaharlal Nehru
Swami Sivananda
George Bernard Shaw
Boris Pastenark
Aldous Huxley
Ernest Hemingway
Jeffrey Archer
Ernest Hemingway
Lary Collins and Dominique
Lapierre
Alvin Troffler
Jay Deva
Rabindranath Tagore
Bal Gangadar Tilik
Jawaharlal Nehru
Munshi Prem Chand
Sarojini Naidu
Vikram Seth
Gone with the Wind

Gora
Grammar of Politics
Great Expectations
Guide, The
Gul-e-Naghma
Gullivers travels
Hamlet
Harsha Charita
Heat and Dust
Hindu view of life
If I am assassinated
Illiad
Importance of Being
Earnest
India Divided
India Wins freedom
Indian home Rule
Indian philosophy
Invisible man
Iron in the Soul
Ivanhoe
Judgment, The
Julius Caesar
Jungle Book
Kadambari
Kamasutra
Kamayani
King Lear
Kumar Sambhava
Life Divine
Letters from a Father to
his Daughter
Lolita
Love Story
Macbeth
Mahabharata
Man and Superman
Man of Destiny
Meghdoot
Midnights children
Merchant of Venice
Mother
Much ado about
Nothing
Mudra Rakshas
My Experiment with
Truth
My Music, My Life
My Truth
Natya Shastra
Nine days Wonder
Odyssey
Oliver Twist
Origin of Species
Othello
Panchatantra
Passage to England, A
Paradise Lost
Passage to India, A
Margaret Mitchell
Rabindranath Tagore
Harold Laski
Charles Dickens
R K.Naryana
Raghupati Sahai Friaq
Jonathan Swift
William Shakespeare
Bana Bhatt
Ruth P.Jhabwala
Dr S.Radhakrishnan
Z.A.Bhutto
Homer
Oscar Wilde
Rajendra Prasad
Maulana Abdul kalam Azad
M.K.Gandhi
Dr S.Radhakrishnan
H.G.Wells
Jean Paul Sartre
Walter Scott
Kuldip Nayar
William Shakespeare
Rudyard Kipling
Bana Bhatt
Vatsyayan
Jai Shakar Prasad
William Shakespeare
Kalidas
Aurobindo Ghosh
Jawaharlal Nehru
V.Nabakov
Eric Segal
William Shakespeare
Ved Vyas
George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw
Kalidas
Salaman Rushdie
William Shakespeare
Maxim Gorky
William Shakespeare
Vishakadutta
Mahatma Gandhi
Ravi Shankar
Indira Gandhi
Bharat Muni
John Masefield
Homer
Charles Dickens
Charles Darwin
William Shakespeare
Vishnu Sharma
Nirad C.Choudhary
John Milton
E.M. Forster
Page
126
The Patriot
Post office
Pride and Prejudice
Raghuvamsa
Ram Charita Manas
Ramayana
Ratnavali
Ritu Samhara
Romeo and Juliet
Rubaiyat
Sadar-i-Riyasat
Satyartha Prakash
Savitri
Sense and sensibility
Satanic Verses, The
Shahnama
Shakuntala
Shape of thing to come
Shame
Sohrab and Rustum
Sunny Days
Tale of Two cities, A
Tempest, The
Pearl S. Buck
Rabindranath Tagore
Jane Austen
Kalidas
Tulsidas
Valmiki
Harsha Vardhan
Kali das
William Shakespeare
Omar Khayyam
Karan Singh
Swami Dayanand Saraswati
Sri Aurobindo Ghosh
Jane Austen
Salman Rushdie
Firdausi
Kalidas
H.G.Wells
Salman Rushdie
Mathew Arnold
Sunil Gavaskar
Charles Dickens
William Shakespeare
Three Musketeers
Time machine
To Liver or Not to Live
Triumph
Twelfth Night
Twenty Years After
Two Leaves and a Bud
Ulysses
Unto This last
Utopia
Uttar Ramcharita
Valley of Dolls
Vanity Fair
Vinay Patrika
Virginians, The
Vish Vriksha
Voice of Conscience
Wake Up India
War and Peace
Wealth of Nations
Wonder that Was India,
The
Yama
Unbreakable (Autobiography of Mary Kom)

Enoch, I am a British Indian
ModiNomics
Public Issues before Parliament
Water, Peace and War
Water Crisis
Ambedkar Awakening Indias Social Conscience
Munger through the Ages
Akbar The Aesthete
Runs in Ruins
India at Risk
My country My Life
Joseph Anton
The Sahara Testaments
Narendra Modi: A Political Biography
My Unforgettable Memories
Rationalised Roman for Kashmiri
Strictly Personal, Manmohan and Gursharan
The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan, 20012014
Lal Bahadur Shastri: Lessons in Leadership
Walking With Giants
Crusader or Conspirator? Coalgate and other Truths
The Accidental Prime Minister: the making and unmaking of Manmohan Singh
God of Antarctica
My Years with Rajiv and Sonia
Khushwantnama- The Lessons of My Life
Syntheism Creating God in The Internet Age
One Life is Not Enough
The Lives of Others
My Music My Life
I am Malala
A Man and A Motorcycle, How Hamid Karzai Came to Power
True Colours
Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi: An Inside Job?
The God of Small Things
Interpreter of Maladies
And then One Day: A Memoir
Unaccustomed Earth
Lowland
Truth Always Prevails
Playing It My Way
The Narrow Road to the Deep North
Alexander Dumas
H.G. Wells
Nirad C. Choudhary
John Kenneth Galbraith
William Shakespeare
Alexander Dumas
Mulk Raj Anand
James Joyce
John Ruskin
Thomas Moore
Bhabhuti
Jacqueline Susann
William Thackeray
Tulsidas
William Thackeray
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
V.V.Giri
Annie Beseant
Leo Tolstoy
Adam Smith
A.L. Basham
Mahadevi Verma
Mary Kom
Sarinder Joshua Duroch
Sameer Kochar
Vijay Darda
Confronting the Global
Brahma Chellaney
Dr. Narendra Jadhav
Late DP Yadav
Dr. Indu Anand
Sunil Gavaskar
Jaswant Singh
L.K.Advani
Sulman Rushdie (Autobiography)
Tade Ipadeola
Andy Marino
Mamata Banerjee
Dr R L Bhat
Daman Singh
Carlotta Gall
Pavan Choudary
G. Ramachandran(former Finance Secretary )
PC Parakh
Sanjaya Baru
13 year old Yashwardhan Shukla
R.D.Pradhan
Khushwant singh
Alexander Bard
Natwar Singh
Neel Mukherjee
Pt Ravi Shankar
Malala Yousufzai and Christina Lamb
Bette Dam
Adam Gilchrist
Faraz Ahmad
Arundhati Roy
Jhumpa Lahiri
Nasiruddin Shah (Autobiography)
Jhumpa Lahiri
Jhumpa Lahiri
Sadruddin Hashwani
Sachin Tendulkar and Boria Mazumder
Richard Flanagan (Australian) (Man Booker)
Untold Story of the Indian Public Sector

Final Test: Exit Sachin Tendulkar
Worthy Fights: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace
Not Just an Accountant
Grandmaster Repertoire 1.e4 vs The French, CaroKann and Philidor
A Bend in the river
Dark Star: The Loneliness of Being Rajesh Khanna
Half Girlfriend
Iqbal: The Life of a Poet, Philosopher and Politician
My Name is Abu Salem
50 years of man in space Garik Israelien, Brian
Black Tornado: The Three Sieges of Mumbai 26/11
Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years
2014: The Election That Changed India
Your Dreams Are Mine Now: She Showed him What Love
Dr UD Choubey
Dilip DSouza
Leon Panetta and Jim Newton
former CAG Vinod Rai
Parimarjan Negi
V.S. Naipaul
Gautam Chintamani
Chetan Bhagat
Biography of Allama Muhammad Iqbal
(Spiritual Father of Pakistan)
Hussain Zaidi
May and David J Eicher
Sandeep Unnithan
Pranab Mukherjee
RajdeepSardesai
Ravinder Singh
Newly Released or Recently in News

ChinaIndia War World's First Water War 2029
Padmanabhan Letters for a Nation
The Extraordinary Story of Prince Gopaldas Desai
Born Again on the Mountain
Why I Assassinated Gandhi Nathuram Godse and Gopal Godse
The Indian Parliament A Critical Appraisal
Madhorubhagan (One Part Woman)
The Red Sari (Unofficial and Controversial Autobiography of Sonia Gandhi)
Neither a Hawk nor a Dove
Kiran Bedi Kaise Bani Top Cop
Peshawaria Menon and Anu Peshawaria Fragile Frontiers
Terror Attacks
Editor Unplugged Media, Magnates, Netas and Me
Flora of Guntur City Andhra Pradesh
Indias Growth Resurgence: Sectorial Issues and Governance Risks
Murthy and Singala Subbaiah Mandate: Will of the People
Ham Bhi Wahan Mojod Thay
The Crown Prince, The Gladiator and The Hope
Food for All: International Organizations and the Transformation of Agriculture
Gods Bankers
Faces and Places
Indian Parliamentary Diplomacy Speaker's Perspective
Q&A (the movie Slumdog Millionaire was basedon this book)
Flood of Fire
Suleiman Charitra
Former Army chief General Sundarajan

Jawaharlal Nehru & Madhav Khosla
Rajmohan Gandhi
Arunima Sinha
Edited by Virender Mehra
Prof. Sudha Pai and Avinash Kumar
Perumal Murugan
Javier Moro
Pakistan's ExForeign Minister Khurshid M Kasuri
Reeta
The Secret History of Mumbai
Saroj Kumar Rath
Vinod Mehta
PR Mohana Rao
Yerram Raju, M Sitarama
Vir Sanghvi
Former Pakistan Minister Abdul Majeed Malik
Ashutosh
Uma Lele was in news in March 2015
Gerald Posner
Prof. Deepak Nayyar
Meira Kumar
Vikas Swarup
Amitav Ghosh
Kalyana Malla
10 Important Books & Their Authors...
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Crusader or Conspirator? Coalgate and other Truths authored by _____PC Parakh

The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh authored by______Dr. Sanjaya Baru
Lal Bahadur Shastri: Lessons in Leadership written by______Pavan Choudary.
Rationalised Roman for Kashmiri written by _____Dr. R L Bhat
Narendra Modi: A Political Biography written by ____ Andy Marino.
Public Issues before Parliament written by ______Vijay Darda
The Political Economy of Energy and Growth authored by______Sh. Najeeb Jung
India at Risk: authored by _____ Jaswant Singh.
ModiNomics: Inclusive Economics, Inclusive Governance: authored by_____Sameer Kochhar.
Water, Peace and War - Confronting the Global Water Crisis written by____Brahma Chellaney.
Page
127
Important Books for the year 2015
Two Years Eight Months and TwentyEight Nights

1st Indian to receive the Booker prize
The Red Sari - Javier Moro
Neither a Hawk nor a

Dove - Khurshid M
(British citizen)
Faces and Places - Prof Deepak

Nayyar
Farishta - Kapil Isapuri

( Published : 2013, In News : Jan,2015)
Delhi to Islamabad- Bhim Singh
Fragile Frontiers: The Secret History of

Mumbai Terror Attacks - Saroj Kumar
Rath
Gods Bankers: A History of Money and

Power at the Vatican - Gerald Posner
Page
128
Flood of Fire - Amitav Ghosh
Kasuri ( Pakistans Ex-Foreign

Minister )
Editor Unplugged : Media, Magnates,

Netas and Me - Vinod Mehta
Super Economies - Raghav Bahl
Indian Parliamentary Diplomacy :

Speakers Perspective - Meira Kumar
China : Confucius in the Shadows Poonam Surie
Flora of Guntur City Andhra Pradesh
Kiran Bedi : Kaise Bani Top Cop

(Comic Book) - Kiran Bedi
Go Set a Watchman - Harper Lee
Family Life - Akhil Sharma
Lucknow Boy: A Memoir - Late Vinod

Mehta
Education of Muslims: Islamic

Perspective of Knowledge and
Education - J.S. Rajput
Ahmedabad : A city in the world :

Amrita Shah
The Narrow Road To the Deep North Richard Flangan

(Winner of Man Booker Prize 2014)
The Lives of Others - Neel Mukherjee

( short - listed for Booker 2014 )
Half Girlfriend - Chetan Bhagat

The 3 mistake of my Life
2 States
Revolution 2020
One Night @ the Call Center
Unbreakable - M.C. Mary Kom

(Autobiography)
Playing It My Way - Sachin Tendulkar

Final Test: Exit Sachin Tendulkar
And Then One Day : Naseerudin Shah
The Substance and the Shadow

(Biography of Dilip Kumar ) - Uday
Tara Nayar
I am Malala (Autobiography) Malala Yousafzai
Born Again On the Mountain - Arunima

Sinha
Hard Choices (Autobiography) - Hillary

Clinton
Crusader or Conspirator - P.C. Parakh

(Former Coal Secretary )
The Accidental Prime Minister - The

making and unmaking of Manmohan
Singh
2014 The Election that changed India Rajdeep Sardesai
The Making of the Great Indian

Election : Y Quraishi , Ex- Election
Commissioner
Getting India Back on Track : Bibek

Debroy
A Stamp is Born - C.R. Pakrashi
Not Just an Accountant - Vinod Rai

(CAG)
A Bad Character - Deepti Kapoor
Page
129
The Test of My Life - Yuvraj Singh
The God of Small Thing - Arundhati Roy

1st Indian woman (and also first Indian
citizen) to receive the Booker prize
Strictly Personal Manmohan Singh and

Gursharan Kaur - Daman Singh
130
Page
The Dramatic Decade - Pranab

Mukherjee(President of India )
My Journey: Transforming Dreams into

Actions - APG Abdul kalam
Wings of Fire
Turning Points
The Lowland - Jhumpa Lahiri

( Shortlisted for Man Booker Prize 2013
)
One Life is Not Enough - E. Natwar

Singh
Train to Pakistan - Khushwant Singh
Playing to Win - Saina Nehwal
My Unforgettable Memories Mamata Banerjee
Inheritance of Loss - Kiran Desai
Narendra Modi : A Political Biography Andy Marino
An Uncertain Glory: India and its

Contradictions - Amartya Sen
My Years with Rajiv and Soniya - RD

Pradhan
Warrior State Pakistan in the

Contemporary World - TV Paul
Munger Through the Ages - Late

Davendra Prasad Yadav
India at Risk - Jaswant Singh
Half a Rupee Stories - Gulzar
Chapter-13
Important Committees
List of important Committees in India during 2014 and 2015.
Ajay Shankar Committee: To review functioning of PPP Cell
Prof. NR Madhava Menon Panel: Reported guidelines for regulating expenditure and content of advertisement in govt. ads
H Devaraj Commitee: Reported most deemed university
H R Khan Panel: To evaluate unclaimed PPF and Post Office Savings
V V Daga Committee: To conduct forensic audit of NSEL
Sivaramakrishnan committee: Submit Report to build the capital city for Andhra Pradesh
Ramanujam committee: To avoid obsolete laws
Bimal Jalan: To head the Expenditure Management Commission
Hari Gautam Committee: To review the status of UGC
Justice SB Sinha (One Member Commission): To Probe 2006 Meerut Fire Tragedy
Suresh Prabhu Committee: To review gas pricing formula
R S Sharma Expert Committee: To review the Company (Cost Records and Cost Audits) Rules 2014
Justice MB Shah: On Black Money
Deepak Mohanty Committee: Data and Information Management in the RBI
Arvind Mayaram Committee: To clear definition to the FDI and FII
Nachiket Mor Committee: To permit NBFC's to work as Business correspondence
P J Nayak Committee: Governance of Boards of Bank in India
Bibek Debroy: for Restructuring the railway
Justice CS Dharmadhikari Committee: recommended complete ban on dance bars in hotels and restaurants.
Pratyush Sinha: To assess compensation for coal blocks.
Jairam Ramesh: On sustainable development
T.K. Vishwanathan committee: To provide Bankruptcy code for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).
K.V. Kamath panel: to examine the financial architecture for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector.
Gopalakrishna Committee: on Capacity Building in Banks and non-Banks
G N Bajpai Committee: Guidelines for national pension system (NPS) schemes in private sector.
Scientist Raghunath Anant Mashelkar panel: To recommend best technologies for Prime Minister Narendra Modi's "Swachh
Bharat" national sanitation campaign.
T S R Subramanian Committee: To review five key green laws concerning protection and conservation of environment, forest,
wildlife, water and air among others.
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131
Important Committee List 2015

1. Parthasarathi Shome Committee. For Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC), Suggest a system to enforce better
tax compliance.
2. B. Shivraman Committee Nabard.
3. Suma Verma Committee - to update and revise the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006.
4. Damodran Committee: on improvement of customer services in banks.
5. Shri M. Narasimham Committee: on Banking Sector Reforms.
6. Shri Raghuram Rajan Committee: on Financial Sector Reforms.
7. Shri B. Mahapatra Committee: to review the existing prudential guidelines on restructuring of advances by banks/ financial
institutions.
8. Shri Aditya Puri Committee: Dissemination of Credit Information.
9. Shri K.U.B. Rao Committee: recommended aligning gold import regulations.
10. K M Chandrasekhar committee: for rationalization of foreign investment norms.
11. Shri Pulak Kumar Sinha Committee: to study the feasibility of Aadhaar as an additional factor for authentication of card
present transactions.
12. Mukul Mudgal Committee: looking into US giant Walmart's lobbying activities to enter India.
13. MBN Rao Committee: to prepare the blueprint of Indias first womens bank.
14. Arvind Mayaram Committee for giving clear definitions to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional
Investment (FII).
15. Committee Set Up On Uttarakhand Floods: The committee will be headed by AK Ganju (Chairman, Ganga Flood Control
Commission, and Patna).
16. JS Mathur committee: to revise Newspaper Advertisement Rates.
17. K. Ratna Prabha: Committee on indecent depiction of women in media.
18. Mukul Mudgal Committee: to look at process of film clearance.
19. SK Srivastava Committee: to formulate a policy on public-private partnership model to raise coal output.
20. K M Chandrasekhar Committee: for rationalization of foreign investment norms.
21. Janakiraman Committee: To investigate the security transactions of the bank.
22. MS Ahluwalia committee: to evaluate aspects related to set up of Nalanda University
23. Sitakant Mahapatra committee: for inclusion of Bhojpuri language in eighth schedule of constitution.
24. N R Narayana Murthy committee: for evaluation of corporate sector participation in Higher Education.
25. C Rangarajan committee: for poverty scale estimates in the country.
26. MB Shah Committee: for inspection of illegal mining activities.

27. N Rangachary committee: to examine taxation policies for I.T. sector.
28. Parthasarathi Shome committee: implementation of GAAR (General Anti Avoidance Rule).
29. Deepak Parekh committee: for Financing Infrastructure sector.
30. Naresh Chandra committee: 14 member task force on security issues.
31. Bhandari Committee: Reconstruction of RRBs.
32. RS Gujral Committee: suggest measures to boost MSME exports.
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132
Important committees for IBPS

1. Abid Hussain Committee: On Small Scale Industries
2. A C Shah Committee: Reforms Relating To Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFC)
3. Aditya Puri Committee: Dissemination of Credit Information
4. Anil Kaushal committee: To examine the recommendations made by the TRAI on pricing of Spectrum.
5. Arvind Mayaram Panel: Report on the alleged irregularities at the National Spot Exchange Ltd (NSEL)
6. Arvind Mayaram Committee: For giving clear definitions to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional
Investment (FII).
7. Athreya Committee: Restructuring Of IDBI
8. Basel Committee: Banking Supervision
9. Bimal Jalan panel: To scrutinize applications for new bank licenses.
10. Bhandari Committee: Reconstruction of Banks
11. Mahapatra Committee: To review the existing prudential guidelines on restructuring of advances by banks/financial
institutions
12. Cook Committee: Capital adequacy of banks.
13. C Rangarajan committee: For poverty scale estimates in the country
14. C Rangarajan Panel: Recommended the pricing of natural gas by a complex methodology of arriving at an average of
International gas hub prices
15. The committee headed by AK Ganju: Committee on Uttarakhand Floods
16. Damodaran Committee: On improvement of customer services in banks
17. Dave Committee (2000): Pension Scheme for Unorganized Sector
18. Deepak Parekh committee: For Financing Infrastructure sector
19. Janakiraman Committee: To investigate the security transactions of the bank
20. JS Mathur committee: To revise Newspaper Advertisement Rates.
21. Justice A.P. Shah committee: To head panel on road safety and rules
22. Kelkar Committee: Tax Structure Reforms
23. Kirit Parikh panel: On fuel pricing has suggested that the diesel prices should be increased by Rs 1-1.50 a litre every
month as against the 45-50 paise monthly hike followed currently.
24. K M Chandrasekhar committee: For rationalization of foreign investment norms
25. Ratna Prabha: Committee on indecent depiction of women in media
26. K U.B. Rao: The idea of setting up Bullion Bank or Bullion Corporation of India
27. K.U.B. Rao Committee: Recommended aligning gold import regulations
28. MBN Rao Committee: To prepare the blueprint of Indias first womens bank
29. MB Shah Committee: For inspection of illegal mining activities
30. Mckinsey Report: Merger of 7 Associate Banks With SBI
31. Narasimham Committee: On Banking Sector Reforms
32. Mukul Mudgal member panel: To probe IPL spot-fixing
33. Mukul Mudgal Committee: To look at process of film clearance
34. Mukul Mudgal Committee: Looking into US giant Walmarts lobbying activities to enter India
35. Nachiket Mor Committee: on comprehensive financial services for small businesses and low-income households.
36. Naresh Chandra committee: 14 member task force on security issues
37. Narismhan Committee: Banking Reforms
38. N Rangachary committee: To examine taxation policies for I.T. sector
39. N R Narayana Murthy committee: For evaluation of corporate sector participation in Higher Education.
40. Parthasarathi Shome: For Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC), suggest a system to enforce better tax
compliance
41. Parthasarathi Shome committee: Implementation of GAAR (General Anti Avoidance Rule)
42. Percy Mistry Committee: Making Mumbai an International Financial Center
43. Prasad Panel: International Trade and Services
44. Pulak Kumar Sinha Committee: To study the feasibility of Aadhaar as an additional factor for authentication of card
present transactions
45. Raghuram Rajan Committee: On Financial Sector Reforms
46. R V Gupta Committee: Small Savings
47. Raja Chelliah Committee: Tax Reforms
48. Rekhi Committee: Indirect Taxes
49. RS Gujral Committee: Suggest measures to boost MSME Exports.
50. Sitakant Mahapatra committee: For inclusion of Bhojpuri language in eighth schedule of constitution
51. Shyamala Gopinath Committee: Suggestions on Post office Small saving schemes
52. SK Srivastava Committee: To formulate a policy on publicprivate partnership model to raise coal output
53. S P Talwar Committee: Restructuring Of Weak Public Sector Bank
54. SN Verma Committee (1999): Restructuring the Commercial Banks
55. Suma Verma Committee: To update, and revise the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006
56. UK Sharma Committee: NABARDs Role in RRB
57. Urjit Patel Committee: To examine the current monetary policy framework
58. Vaghul Committee: Money Market in India
59. Vasudev Committee: NBFC (Non Banking Finance Corp) Sector Reforms
60. Y B Reddy Committee (2001): Review of Income Tax
61. B. N .Karishana Committee Separate state telanagana
62. shivraj V Patil 2G Scam
63. Vk Shunglu Committee CWG scam
64. B. k .chaturvedi Committee S Band Scam
65. JC Patil and P Subharmanyam Committee Adarsh Society Scam
66. V.K Verma Interest rate future
67. K.G Karmakar task force on empowering RRB Operational Efficiency
68. Kamath committee Education Loan
69. Khanna committee Non Performing Assets
70. Mahadevan System Single Window system
Various Committees in News:
Page
133
1. Bibek debroy - restructuring of Indian Railway.

2. Anil Baijal - suggesting a framework to assess CSR activities done by corporates under companys law.
3. TSR subramanium - review laws and acts of the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and climate change.
4. Pratyush Sinha - coal blocks allocation.
5. TK Vishawanathan - to provide bankruptcy's code for SME.
6. KV Kamath - to financial architecture to MSME.
7. Gopalakrishnan - capacity building in banks and non banks.
8. GN bajapai - to review national payment system in private sectors.
9. Scientist Raghunath Anand Mashelkar - to recommend best technologies in PM "Swach Bharat" mission.
10. H Devaraj - reported that most of the deemed universities are not fit for being a university.
11. Bimal Jalan - head the expenditure management commission.
Chapter-14
Sports
TROPHIES AND TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS
Base Ball:
Terms: Base, Battery, Bunting, Catcher, Diamond, Hitter, Home, Infield, Outfield, Pinch, Pitcher plate, Putout, Short stop, Strike
Billiards:
Terms: Baulk line, Bolting, Cannon, Cue, Hazard, In-off, Jigger, Long Jenney, Pot, Scratch, Screw back, Short Jenney, Spot stroke
Badminton:
Term: Baseline, Carry, centre Line, Back Court, Fault, hairpin net shot, half court shot, Let, Rally, wood shot, deuce, Drop, Love
all, Smash, Feint, Balk, clear.
Trophies: Agarwal Cup , Amrit Diwan Cup, Australian Cup, Chadha Cup, European Cup, Harilela Cup, Konica Cup, Ibrahim
Rahimatollah Challenge Cup, Narang Cup, Sophia Kitiakara Cup, SR Ruia Cup, Thomas Cup, Tunku Abdul Rahman Cup, Uber
Cup, World Cup, Yonex Cup.
Basketball:
Terms: Ball, Hack a Shaq, Point forward, Basket, Swingman, Blocking, swish, Carrying, Dribbling, Free throw, Held ball, Holding,
Jump ball, Multiple throws, Pivot, Shifting, Zone
Trophies: NBA, Basalat Jha Trophy, BC Gupta Trophy, Federation Cup, SM Arjuna Raja Trophy, Todd memorial Trophy, William
Jones Cup
Boat Rowing:
Terms: Bow, Bucket, Cow, Ergometer, Feather, Paddle, Ragatta
Trophies: American Cup (Yatch racing), Wellington Trophy (India)
Boxing:
Terms: Auxiliary point system, Babit punch, Break, Cut, Defence, Down, Hook, Jab, Lying on, Knock out, Seconds out, Slam,
Upper cut, Weight in, Win by knockout.
Trophies: Aspy Adjania Trophy, Federation Cup.
Bridge:
Terms: Holkar Trophy, Ruia Gold Cup, Singhania Trophy
Chess:
Terms: Bishop, Castle, Checkmate, Gambit, King, Knight, Pawan, Queen, Rook, Stalemate
Cricket:
Terms: Agricultural Shot, Anchor, Appeal, Ashes, Asking rate, Back Foot, Back lift, bail, ball, bat, beamer, beehive, bodyline,
bouncer, boundary, Bump Ball, Bye, Cameo, Carrom Ball, Chin Music, dilscoop, Doosra, googly, Caught, Chinaman, Cover Drive,
Crease, Drive, Duck, Follow on, Googly, Hat-trick, Draw, Duck Worth Lewis, feather touch, flipper, free hit, forward defence,
French cut, gully, hawk-eye, Yorker, hook, maiden, Nelson, off side, on side, out swing, pinch hitter, pitch, popping crease,
powerplay, tail ender, unde arm, Hit wicket, l.b.w., Legbreak, Leg bye, Maiden over, No ball, Off break, On drive, Out, Over,
Pitch, Popping crease, Rubber, Run Down, Run out, Sixer, Silly Point, Square leg, Stone walling, Straight drive, Stumped, Wicket
Trophies: Anthony DMellow Trophy, Ashes, Asia Cup, Benson and Hedges Cup, Bose Trophy, Champions Trophy, Charminar
Challenge Cup, CKNayudu Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Cooch-Behar Trophy, Deodar Trophy, GDBirla Trophy, Gillette Cup, Ghulam
Ahmad Trophym, Jawaharlal Nehru Cup, McDowells Challenge Cup, Merchant Trophy, Moin-ud-Dowla Cup, Natwest Trophy,
Prudential Cup, Sharjah Cup, Rani Jhansi Trophy, Ranji Trophy, Rohinton Baria Trophy, Rothmans Cup, Sheesh Mahal Trophy,
Sheffield Shield, Texaco Cup, Vijay Hazare Trophy, Vijay Merchant Trophy, Vizzy Trophy, Wills Trophy, World Series Cup,
Ashes cup.
Football/Soccer:
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134
Terms: Midfieler, Banana Kick, Bicycle Kick, Centre Circle, Centre Line, Centre Spot, Chest Trap, Chip pass, defenders, Bootleg,
Corner kick, Direct free kick, Dribble, Goal kick, free kick, header, hat trick, handball, juggling, Off side, Penalty kick, Thown in,
Tripping, Back, forward line, forward pass, Red Card, Yellow Card, Back Heel
Trophies: Airlines Cup, America Cup, Asia Cup, Asian Womens Cup, Bandodkar Trophy, B.C.Roy Trophy, Begum Hazrat Mahal
Cup, Bicentennial Gold Cup, Bordoloi Trophy, Colombo Cup, DCM Cup, Winners Cup, Durand Cup, European Cup, FA Cup,
Federation Cup, G.V.Raja Memorial Trophy, Gold Cup, Governors Cup, Great Wall Cup, IFA Shield, Independence Day Cup,
Indira Gandhi Trophy, Jawaharlal Nehru Gold Cup, Jules Rimet Trophy, Kalinga Cup, Kings Cup, Nehru Gold Cup, Nizam Gold
Cup, Raghbir Singh Memorial Cup, Rajiv Gandhi Trophy, Rovers Cup, Sanjay Gold Cup, Santosh Trophy, Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee
Trophy, Stafford Cup, Subroto Cup, U.S.Cup, Vittal Trophy, World Cup, National League.
Golf:
Terms: Best-ball foursome, Bogey, Bunker, Caddie, Dormy, Fairway, Fourball, Foursome, Greed holes, Links, Niblic, Par, Put,
Rough, Stymied, Tee, Threesome
Trophies: Canada Cup, Eisenhower Trophy, Muthiah Gold Cup, Nomura Trophy Paralamdi Trophy, Prince of Wales Cup, Ryder
Cup, Walker Cup, US Masters, U.S. Open, U.S.PGA Championship, British Open Championship
Hockey:
Terms: Bully, Carry, Corner, Dribble, Hat-trick, Off-side, Roll-in, Scoop, Short corner, Stick, Striking circle, Tie-breaker, Forward,
Hooking, Slashing, winger, tripping,
Trophies: Agha Khan Cup, Allwyan Asia cup, Azlan Shah Cup, Beighton cup, BMW Trophy, Bombay Gold Cup, Champions
Trophy, Clarke Trophy, Dhyan Chand Trophy, Esanda Champions Cup, Gurmeet Trophy, Guru Nanak Cup Gyanvati Devi Trophy,
Indira Gandhi Cup, Intercontinental Cup, Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan Cup, Kuppaswamy Naidu Cup, Lady Rattan Tata Cup
(women), Lal Bahadur Shastri Cup, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup, Modi Gold Cup, Murugappa Gold Cup, Nehru Trophy,
Obaidullah Gold Cup, Ranga Swami Cup, Shriram Trophy, Tun Abdul Razak Cup, Wellington Cup, World Cup, Yadavindra Cup
Polo:
Terms: Bunker, Chukker, Mallet Trophies: Ezar Cup, Prithi Singh Cup, Radha Mohan Cup, Winchester Cup.
Table Tennis:
Terms: Backspin, Blade, chop, counter loop, flick, gluing up, penhold, ping pong, smah, top spin
Trophies: Asian Cup, Berna Bellack Cup, Corbillion Cup (women), Electra Gold cup(women), Gasper Giest Prize, Grand Prix,
Jayalaxmi cup (women), Kamala ramanujan cup, Pithapuram cup (Men), Swaythling cup (men), Travancore Cup (women), U Thant
cup, World Cup
Lawn Tennis:
Terms: Ace, Advantage, Ball Boy, Base Line, Backhand Stroke, Break, Deuce, Double Fault, Fault, Drop Shot, Grand Slam,
Hawk-eye, Lob, Ground stroke, Half volley, Let, Smash, Volley,
Trophies: Ambre Solaire Cup, Davis Cup, Dr Rajendra Prasad Cup, Edgbaston cup, Federation Cup, Ghafar Cup, Grand Prix,
hamlet cup, Mercedes Cup, Nationss Cup, Weightman Cup, Wimbledon Trophy, World Cup, US Open, French Open, Australian
Open
Volleyball:
Terms: Blocking, Doubling, Heave, Holding, Love, Point, Service, Volley Trophies: Federation Cup, Shivanthi Gold cup, World
cup.
Wrestling:
Terms: Half Nelson, Head lock, Heave, Hold, Rebouts, Scissor Trophies: Bharat Kesari, Burdwan shield, World Cup.
Upcoming Sports Event

Cricket
2015 Mens Cricket World Cup Australia and New
Zealand
2019 Mens Cricket World Cup - England and Wales
2023 Mens Cricket World Cup India
2017 Womens Cricket World Ireland
2017 Mens ICC Test Championship England and Wales
2021 Mens ICC Test Championship India
2016 ICC Mens World Twenty20 India
2020 ICC Mens World Twenty20 Australia
2016 ICC Womens World Twenty20 India
Olympics
2016 Summer Olympics & Paralympics Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
2020 Summer Olympics & Paralympics Tokyo, Japan
2018 Winter Olympics & Paralympics Pyeongchang,
South Korea
2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games Los
Angeles, USA
2014 Summer Youth Olympics Nanjing, China
2018 Summer Youth Olympics - Buenos Aires, Argentina
2016 Winter Youth Olympics - Lillehammer, Norway
Page
135
Asian_Games
2018 Asian Games Jakarta, Indonesia
2017 Asian Winter Games Sapporo, Japan
Commonwealth_Games
2018 Commonwealth Games Gold Cost, Queensland,
Australia
2022 Commonwealth Games Durban, South Africa (Yet to
be confirmed)
Football
2018 FIFA World Cup Russia
2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar
2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup New Zealand
2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup South Korea
2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup Chile
2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup India
2017 FIFA Confederations Cup Russia
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Canada
2015 AFC Asian Cup Australia
2019 AFC Asian Cup UAE
2015 Copa America Chile
2019 Copa America Brazil
2023 Copa America - Ecuador
2016 Copa America Centenarian (100 years) USA
UEFA Euro 2016 France
UEFA Euro 2020 Pan Europe
Hockey
2018 Men's Hockey World Cup Bhubaneswar, India
2018 Women's Hockey World Cup London, England
2016 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy Argentina
2018 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy Netherlands
2016 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy United
kingdom
2018 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy Argentina
2015 Sports Event

January
Date
Sport
Event
26 Dec, 14 - 5
Jan
Ice hockey
2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships

2015 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship - Division I
2015 Hopman Cup
2015 Dakar Rally
2015 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship
2015 Buenos Aires ePrix
FIS Snowboarding World Championships 2015
FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships 2015
Kreischberg, Austria
15 Jan - 1 Feb
16 Jan - 17 Jan
19 Jan - 25 Jan
Ice hockey
Tennis
Rallying
Ice hockey
Formula E
Snowboarding
Freestyle
skiing
Handball
Luge
Ice hockey
Venue
Air Canada Centre,
Toronto Bell Centre,
Montreal
Vaujany, France
Perth, Australia
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Buffalo, United States
Argentine
Kreischberg, Austria
Qatar
Lillehammer, Norway
Dunedin, New Zealand
19 Jan - 25 Jan
Ice hockey
2015 World Men's Handball Championship

2015 FIL Junior World Luge Championships
2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships - Division III
2015 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship - Division I
Qualification
19 Jan 1 Feb
Tennis
22 Jan - 1 Feb
Nordic skiing
24 Jan - 1 Feb
Multi-sport
2015 IPC Biathlon and Cross-Country Skiing World

Championships
2015 Winter Universiade (co-host with Spain)
25 Jan - 15 Nov
Rallying
2015 World Rally Championship season
31 Jan - 1 Feb
31 Jan - 8 Feb
Cyclo-cross
Multi-sport
2015 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships

2015 Winter World Masters Games
4 Jan - 10 Jan
4 Jan - 10 Jan
4 Jan - 17 Jan
5 Jan - 12 Jan
10 Jan
15 Jan - 25 Jan
15 Jan 25 Jan
2015 Australian Open
Katowice, Poland
Melbourne Park in
Melbourne, Australia
Cable, Wisconsin United
states
Granada, Spain
Europe, North and South
America and Australia
Tabor - Czech Republic
Quebec City, Canada
February
Date
Sport
Event
2 Feb - 15 Feb
Alpine skiing
FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2015
4 Feb - 14 Feb
Multi-sport
2015 Winter Universiade (co-host with Slovakia)
6 Feb - 13 Feb
9 Feb - 15 Feb
9 Feb - 15 Nov
12 Feb - 15 Feb
14 Feb 15 Feb
Curling
Figure skating
Tennis
Speed skating
Luge
2015 World Wheelchair Curling Championship

2015 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships
2015 Fed Cup
2015 World Single Distance Championships
2015 FIL World Luge Championships
14 Feb - 29 Mar
Cricket
2015 Cricket World Cup
17 Feb - 24 Feb
Biathlon
18 Feb - 21 Feb
Ice hockey
18 Feb - 22 Feb
18 Feb - 1 Mar
20 Feb - 22 Feb
22 Feb
Track cycling
Nordic skiing
Speed skating
Marathon
Bobsleigh and
Skeleton
2015 IBU Youth/Junior World Championships

2015 IIHF Women's World Championship
Division II - Group B Qualification
2015 UCI Track Cycling World Championships
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2015
2015 World Junior Speed Skating Championships
2015 Tokyo Marathon (WMM #1)
23 Feb - 8 Mar
27 Feb - 1 Mar
Speed skating
28 Feb - 1 Mar
28 Feb - 8 Mar
Speed skating
Curling
Date
1 Mar 10 Mar
2 Mar - 8 Mar
3 Mar - 15 Mar
5 Mar - 8 Mar
6 Mar - 22 Nov
Sport
Alpine skiing
Figure skating
Biathlon
Golf
Tennis
7 Mar - 8 Mar
Speed skating
7 Mar - 13 Mar
Ice hockey
FIBT World Championships 2015

2015 World Junior Short Track Speed
Skating Championships
2015 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships
2015 World Junior Curling Championships
Venue
United States, at Vail /
Beaver Creek, Colorado
trbsk Pleso and Osrblie in
Slovakia
Lohja, Finland
Seoul, South Korea
Heerenveen, Netherlands
Sigulda, Latvia
14 venues with Australia,
New Zealand
Minsk
Hong Kong
France
Falun, Sweden
Warsaw Poland
Tokyo
Winterberg, Germany
Osaka Japan
Astana Kazakhstan
Tallinn, Estonia
Page
136
March
Event
2015 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships
2015 World Junior Figure Skating Championships
Biathlon World Championships 2015
2015 WGC-Cadillac Championship
2015 Davis Cup
2015 World All-Round Speed Skating
Championships
2015 IIHF Women's World Championship Division II
- Group B
Venue
Canada
Tallinn, Estonia
Kontiolahti, Finland
Doral, Florida, U.S.
Calgary Canada
Hong Kong
Termas de Ro Hondo,
Argentina
Brazil, Canada, Us
8 Mar
WTCC
FIA WTCC Race of Argentina
8 Mar - 30 Aug
IndyCar
13 Mar - 15 Mar
Speed skating
2015 IndyCar Series season

2015 World Short Track Speed Skating
Championships
14 Mar
Formula E
2015 Miami ePrix
14 Mar - 22 Mar
15 Mar
Curling
Formula One
15 Mar - 23 Mar
Ice hockey
17 Mar - 19 Mar
Ice hockey
22 Mar - 28 Mar
Ice hockey
22 Mar - 28 Mar
Ice hockey
23 Mar - 29 Mar
28 Mar
28 Mar - 29 Mar
28 Mar - 4 Apr
Figure skating
Athletics
Triathlon
Ice hockey
2015 World Women's Curling Championship

2015 Australian Grand Prix
2015 IIHF World U18 Championship Division II Group B
2015 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III Group B
2015 IIHF World U18 Championship Division II Group A
2015 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III Group A
2015 World Figure Skating Championships
2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships
2015 World Triathlon Series #1
28 Mar - 5 Apr
Multi-sport
2015 Winter Deaflympics
28 Mar - 5 Apr
Curling
2015 Ford World Men's Curling Championship
29 Mar
Formula One
Motorcycle
racing
2015 Malaysian Grand Prix
Shanghai, China
Guiyang, China
Auckland, New Zealand
Malm, Sweden
Khanty-Mansiysk and
Magnitogorsk, Russia
Halifax, Nova Scotia,
Canada
Kuala Lumpur
Qatar motorcycle Grand Prix
Qatar, Doha
2015 IIHF Women's World Championship Division II

- Group A
Dumfries, Great Britain
29 Mar
30 Mar - 5 Apr
Ice hockey
Date
2 Apr 5 Apr
4 Apr
5 Apr
5 Apr - 14 Apr
9 Apr - 12 Apr
Sport
Golf
Formula E
Formula One
Ice hockey
Golf
6 Apr - 12 Apr
Ice hockey
11 Apr - 12 Apr
11 Apr - 18 Apr
12 Apr
12 Apr - 18 Apr
Triathlon
Curling
Motorcycle racing
Ice hockey
12 Apr - 18 Apr
Ice hockey
12 Apr - 21
Nov
Motorsport
2015 FIA World Endurance Championship season
13 Apr - 19 Apr
13 Apr - 19 Apr
16 Apr - 19 Apr
Ice hockey
Ice hockey
Figure skating
2015 IIHF World Championship Division I - Group B

2015 IIHF World Championship Division II
2015 ISU World Team Trophy in Figure Skating
16 Apr - 26 Apr
Ice hockey
2015 IIHF World U18 Championships
19 Apr
Formula One
2015 Chinese Grand Prix
19 Apr
Motorcycle racing
Argentine motorcycle Grand Prix
19 Apr
19 Apr - 25 Apr
WTCC
Ice hockey
FIA WTCC Race of Morocco

2015 IIHF World Championship Division I - Group A
20 Apr
Marathon
2015 Boston Marathon (WMM #2)
24 Apr - 2 May
25 Apr - 26 Apr
25 Apr - 2 May
Sledge hockey
Triathlon
Curling
2015 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships

2015 World Senior Curling Championships
26 Apr
Marathon
2015 London Marathon (WMM #3)
26 Apr - 3 May
Table tennis
2015 World Table Tennis Championships
29 Apr - 3 May
Golf
2015 WGC-Cadillac Match Play Championship
Moscow, Russia
South eastern Florida,
North America
Sapporo, Japan

Page
137
April
Event
2015 ANA Inspiration
2015 Long Beach ePrix
2015 Bahrain Grand Prix
2015 IIHF World Championship Division III
2015 Masters Tournament
Division I - Group B
2015 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship
Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas
2015 IIHF World U18 Championship Division I
Division I - Group A
Venue
Rancho Mirage, California
Long Beach, California
Asia
zmir, Turkey
Augusta, Georgia
France, China
Gold Coast
Sochi, Russia
Circuit of the Americas
Krakow, Poland
Krakow, Poland
Uk, Balgium, France,
Germany, Us, Japan,
China, Bahrain
Poland, Netherlands
Iceland, South Africa
Tokyo Japan
Zug and Lucerne,
Switzerland
Asia
Autdromo Termas de Ro
Hondo, Argentina
Marrakech in Morocco
Krakow, Poland
Hopkinton Massachusetts,
USA
Buffalo, New York
Cape Town
United Kingdom / England
/ Greater London
Suzhou, China
San Francisco, California,
U.S.
May
Date
Sport
Event
1 May - 17 May
Ice hockey
2015 IIHF World Championship
3 May
3 May
Motorcycle racing
WTCC
Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix

FIA WTCC Race of Hungary
7 May - 10 May
Golf
2015 Players Championship
8 May - 18 May
9 May
Multi-sport
Formula E
2015 IBSA World Championships and Games

2015 Monte Carlo ePrix
10 May
Formula One
2015 Spanish Grand Prix
14 May - 24 May
Amateur boxing
15 May
16 May
16 May - 17 May
17 May
17 May
Athletics
WTCC
Triathlon
Athletics
Motorcycle racing
2015 Women's Junior/Youth World Boxing

Championships
Qatar Athletic Super Grand Prix
FIA WTCC Race of Germany
Shanghai Golden Grand Prix
French motorcycle Grand Prix
21 May - 24 May
Golf
2015 BMW PGA Championship
24 May
Formula One
2015 Monaco Grand Prix
30 May
30 May
Athletics
Formula E
Association
football
Motorcycle racing
Prefontaine Classic
2015 Berlin ePrix
Doha, Qatar
Germany
Yokohama
Shanghai, PR China
France, Le Mans
Virginia Water, Surrey,
England
Circuit de Monaco, Monte
Carlo
Eugene, Oregon, U.S.
Berlin, Germany
2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup
New Zealand
Italian motorcycle Grand Prix
Mugello Circuit, Italy
30 May - 20 June
31 May
Venue
Czech Republic- Prague
and Ostrava.
Spain, Jerez
Hungaroring ,Budapest
Ponte Vedra Beach,
Florida
Seoul, South Korea
Central Europe
Circuit de BarcelonaCatalunya, Barcelona
Taipei, Taiwan
June
Date
1 June - 6 June
2 June - 20 June
4 June
4 June - 7 June
5 June - 16 June
Event
2015 Games of the Small States of Europe
2015 IRB Junior World Championship
Golden Gala
2015 FIBA 3x3 U18 World Championships
2015 Southeast Asian Games
Venue
Iceland
Italy
Rome, Italy
Hungary
Singapore
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
Canada
7 June
Sport
Multi-sport
Rugby union
Athletics
3x3 (basketball)
Multi-sport
Association
football
Athletics
British Grand Prix (Birmingham)
7 June
Formula One
2015 Canadian Grand Prix
7 June
8 June - 14 June
11 June
11 June - 14 June
13 June
WTCC
Archery
Athletics
Golf
Athletics
Association
football
FIA WTCC Race of Russia

2015 World Archery Youth Championships
Bislett Games
2015 KPMG Women's PGA Championship
Adidas Grand Prix
2015 CPISRA Football 7-a-side World
Championships
Birmingham, England
Circuit Gilles Villeneuve,
Montreal
Moscow Raceway, Russia
Yankton ,USA
Oslo, Norway
Harrison, New York, U.S.
New York City, United States
14 June
Motorcycle racing
Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix
18 June - 21 June
21 June
21 June
Golf
Formula One
WTCC
23 June - 28 June
Water polo
26 June - 5 July
26 June - 5 July
27 June
27 June
27 June - 3 July
27 June - 5 July
28 June
Multi-sport
Beach volleyball
Formula E
Motorcycle racing
Mountain bike
racing
Multi-sport
Basketball
WTCC
2015 U.S. Open

2015 Austrian Grand Prix
FIA WTCC Race of Slovakia
2015 FINA Men's Water Polo World League
Super Final
2015 World Police and Fire Games
2015 Beach Volleyball World Championships
2015 London ePrix
Dutch TT
2015 UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World
Championships
2015 Island Games
2015 FIBA Under-19 World Championship
FIA WTCC Race of France
Date
3 July - 14 July
Sport
Multi-sport
Event
2015 Summer Universiade
6 June - 5 July
13 June - 29 June
Page
138
27 June
St Georges Park, UK
Circuit de Catalunya in
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
University Place, Washington
Red Bull Ring, Spielberg
Slovakia Ring
Bergamo, Italy
Fairfax County, Virginia
Dutch cities, Netherlands
London, United Kingdom
Assen, Netherlands
Selva, Italy
British crown dependency
Greece (GRE)
Paul Ricard, France
July
Venue
Gwangju, South Korea
4 July
4 July - 18 July
5 July
9 July
9 July - 12 July
9 July - 19 July
12 July
12 July
13 July - 19 July
13 July - 19 July
Athletics
American football
Formula One
Athletics
Golf
Beach soccer
Motorcycle racing
WTCC
Fencing
Swimming
15 July - 19 July
Athletics
16 July - 19 July
17 July
18 July - 19 July
Golf
Athletics
Triathlon
18 July - 26 July
Basketball
19 July
21 July - 25 July
22 July - 26 July
23 July - 26 July
24 July 25 July
24 July - 9 Aug
Formula One
BMX racing
Rowing
Golf
Athletics
Aquatics
25 July 2 Aug
Multi-sport
26 July
26 July - 2 Aug
30 July
Formula One
Archery
Athletics
Meeting Areva
2015 IFAF World Championship
2015 British Grand Prix
Athletissima
2015 U.S. Women's Open
2015 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup
German motorcycle Grand Prix
FIA WTCC Race of Portugal
2015 World Fencing Championships
2015 IPC Swimming World Championships
2015 IAAF World Youth Championships in
Athletics
2015 Open Championship
Herculis
2015 FIBA Under-19 World Championship
for Women
2015 German Grand Prix
2015 UCI BMX World Championships
2015 World Rowing U23 Championships
Senior Open Championship
London Grand Prix
2015 World Aquatics Championships
2015 Special Olympics World Summer
Games
2015 Hungarian Grand Prix
2015 World Archery Championships
DN Galan
Saint-Denis, France
Panama
Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone
Lausanne, Switzerland
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Espinho, Portugal
Germany, Hohenstein
Vila Real, Portugal
Moscow ( Russia)
Glasgow, Scotland
30 July - 2 Aug
Golf
2015 Women's British Open
Date
1 Aug - 2 Aug
5 Aug - 9 Aug
6 Aug - 9 Aug
Sport
Triathlon
Rowing
Golf
Event
2016 Summer Olympics Test Events
2015 World Rowing Junior Championships
2015 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational
6 Aug - 9 Aug
Judo
2015 World Cadet Judo Championships
7 Aug - 14 Aug
2015 Parapan American Games

Indianapolis motorcycle Grand Prix
Indy, Indianapolis
13 Aug - 16 Aug
Multi-sport
Motorcycle
racing
Golf
Venue
2016
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Akron, Ohio, U.S
Sarajevo, Bosnia,
Herzegovina
Canada
Kohler, Wisconsin
15 Aug - 23 Aug
Water polo
2015 PGA Championship

2015 FINA Junior Water Polo World Championships
for Women
Czech Republic motorcycle Grand Prix
Czech Republic, Brno
2015 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships

2015 World Championships in Athletics
2015 FIVB Volleyball World Cup for Men and Women
2015 World Rowing Championships
Milan, Italy
Stockholm
Beijing, China
Japan
Circuit de SpaFrancorchamps, Stavelot
Astana, Kazakhstan
Silverstone Circuit,
England
Aiguebelette, France
2015 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships
Hafjell, Norway
Cali, Colombia
St Andrews, Scotland
Fontvieille, Monaco
Hamburg
Russia (RUS)
Cancelled
Belgium
Plovdiv, Bulgaria
England
TBA, London
Kazan, Russia
Los Angeles, United States
Hungaroring, Budapest
Copenhagen, Denmark
Stockholm, Sweden
Trump Turnberry Resort,
Scotland
August
9 Aug
19 Aug - 23 Aug
22 Aug - 23 Aug
22 Aug - 30 Aug
22 Aug - 20 Sept
Motorcycle
racing
Canoeing
Triathlon
Athletics
Volleyball
23 Aug
Formula One
2015 Belgian Grand Prix
25 Aug - 30 Aug
Judo
Motorcycle
racing
Rowing
Mountain
bike racing
2015 World Judo Championships
16 Aug
30 Aug
30 Aug - 6 Sept
31 Aug - 6 Sept
British motorcycle Grand Prix
Guadalajara (MEX)
Page
139
September
Date
1 Sep - 6 Sep
2 Sep - 13 Sep
3 Sep
Sport
Swimming
Amateur boxing
Athletics
4 Sep - 12 Sep
Water polo
5 Sep - 6 Sep
5 Sep - 11 Sep
Triathlon
Multi-sport
Event
2015 FINA World Junior Swimming Championships
2015 Junior World Boxing Championships
Weltklasse Zrich
2015 FINA Junior Water Polo World
Championships for Men
2015 Commonwealth Youth Games
Venue
Singapore
St Petersburg, Russia
Zurich, Switzerland
Almaty, Kazakhstan
Edmonton
Apia
6 Sep
Formula One
2015 Italian Grand Prix
6 Sep - 20 Sep
2015 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup

2015 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
Stuttgart, Germany
7 Sep - 13 Sep
10 Sep - 13 Sep
11 Sep
Volleyball
Rhythmic
gymnastics
Wrestling
Golf
Athletics
Autodromo Nazionale
Monza, Monza
Japan
2015 FILA Wrestling World Championships

2015 Evian Championship
Memorial Van Damme
12 Sep - 13 Sep
Golf
2015 Walker Cup
Orleans Arena
France
Brussels, Belgium
Lytham St Annes,
Lancashire, England
13 Sep
Motorcycle racing
13 Sep
13 Sep - 25 Sep
15 Sep - 20 Sep
15 Sep - 20 Sep
16 Sep - 23 Sep
WTCC
Archery
Canoeing
Triathlon
Taekwondo
San Marino and Rimini's Coast motorcycle Grand

Prix
FIA WTCC Race of Japan
2016 Summer Olympics Test Events
2015 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships
2015 World Triathlon Series Grand Final
2015 World Taekwondo Championships
18 Sep 20 Sep
Golf
2015 Solheim Cup
18 Sep - 31 Oct
19 Sep - 27 Sep
Rugby union
Road cycling
2015 Rugby World Cup

2015 UCI Road World Championships
20 Sep
Formula One
2015 Singapore Grand Prix
27 Sep
27 Sep
Formula One
Marathon
2015 Japanese Grand Prix

2015 Berlin Marathon (WMM #4)
27 Sep
Motorcycle racing
Aragon motorcycle Grand Prix
27 Sep
WTCC
FIA WTCC Race of China
Date
2 Oct - 11 Oct
5 Oct - 18 Oct
8 Oct - 11 Oct
11 Oct
11 Oct
11 Oct
17 Oct 8 Nov
18 Oct
21 Oct - 25 Oct
22 Oct - 31 Oct
24 Oct - 2 Nov
Sport
Multi-sport
Amateur boxing
Golf
Formula One
Marathon
Motorcycle racing
Association football
Motorcycle racing
Judo
Athletics
Artistic gymnastics
October
Event
2015 Summer Military World Games
2015 World Amateur Boxing Championships
2015 Presidents Cup
2015 Russian Grand Prix
2015 Chicago Marathon (WMM #5)
Japanese motorcycle Grand Prix
2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup
Australian motorcycle Grand Prix
TBD 2015 World Junior Judo Championships
2015 IPC Athletics World Championships
2015 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
25 Oct
Formula One
2015 United States Grand Prix
25 Oct
Motorcycle racing
Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix
Date
1 Nov
1 Nov
1 Nov
12 Nov - 14 Nov
15 Nov
18 Nov - 22 Nov
Sport
Formula One
Marathon
WTCC
Motorcycle
racing
Boccia
Formula One
Water polo
21 Nov - 29 Nov
Field hockey
22 Nov
25 Nov - 28 Nov
29 Nov
7 Sep - 13 Sep
Page
140
8 Nov
Date
5 Dec - 13 Dec
San Marino, Misano

circuit TBC, Japan
London, United Kingdom
Chicago
Chelyabinsk, Russia
St. Leon-Rot, BadenWrttemberg, Germany
Twickenham, England
Richmond, Virginia
Singapore Marina Bay
Street Circuit, Singapore
Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka
Berlin, Germany
Alcaiz - Motorland
Aragon (Spain)
Shanghai, China
Venue
Mungyeong, South Korea
Doha, Qatar
Incheon, South Korea
Sochi Autodrom, Sochi
Chicago, Illinois
Motegi, Japan
Chile
Phillip Island, Australia
Doha, Qatar
Glasgow, Scotland
Circuit of the Americas,
Austin, Texas
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian
November
Event
2015 Mexican Grand Prix
2015 New York City Marathon (WMM #6)
FIA WTCC Race of Thailand
Venue
Mexico City
New York City
Buriram
Valencian Community motorcycle Grand Prix
Valencia, Spain
Riocentro Pavillion, Rio, Brazil
So Paulo, Brazil
Rio (BRA)
WTCC
Trampolining
2015 Paralympic Test Event

2015 Brazilian Grand Prix
Olympic Games Water Polo Test Event
201415 Women's FIH Hockey World League
Final
FIA WTCC Race of Qatar
2015 Trampoline World Championships
Formula One
2015 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
Sport
Field hockey
December
Event
201415 Men's FIH Hockey World League Final
Rosario, Argentina
Lusail, north of Doha, Qatar
Odense, Denmark
Yas Marina Circuit, Abu
Dhabi
Venue
India
5 Dec - 20 Dec
12 Dec - 18 Dec
26 Dec - 5 Jan, 2016
Handball
Squash
Ice hockey
2015 World Women's Handball Championship

2015 Men's World Team Squash Championships
2016 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships
Denmark
Kuwait City, Kuwait
Finland
2016 Major World Sporting Event Calendar

Date(s)
Jan 18-31
Feb 7
Feb 12-21
Mar 2-6
Mar 11-Apr 3
Apr 7-10
Apr 9
Apr 18
May 7
May 8-12
May 21
May 22-Jun 5
Jun 3-26
Jun 10-Jul 10
Jun 16-19
Jun
Jun
?
Jun 27-Jul 10
July 2-24
July 14-17
Sport
Tennis
Gridiron/Football
Multi-sports
Cycling
Cricket
Golf
Horse Racing
Marathon
Horse Racing
Multi-sports
Football (Soccer)
Tennis
Football (Soccer)
Football (Soccer)
Golf
Ice Hockey
Basketball
multi-sports
Tennis
Cycling
Golf
Event
Australia Open
Super Bowl
Winter Youth Olympics
World Track Championships
ICC World Twenty20
Masters
Grand National
Boston Marathon
Kentucky Derby
Invictus Games
FA Cup final
French Open
Copa Amrica Centenario
Euro 2016
US Open
Stanley Cup finals
NBA Finals
World Urban Games
Wimbledon
Tour de France
British Open
July 2831
Golf
US PGA
Aug 5-21
Aug 29 - Sep
11
Sep 7-18
Sep 24 - Oct 3
Sep 30-Oct 2
Multi-sports
Tennis
Summer Olympics
US Open
Multi-sports
Multi-sports
Golf
Paralympic Games
Asian Beach Games
Ryder Cup
Oct 1?
Oct 9-16
Oct?
Nov 1
Nov 6
Dec 7-11
AFL
Cycling
Baseball
Horse Racing
Marathon
Swimming
Grand Final
UCI Road World Championships
World Series
Melbourne Cup
New York Marathon
FINA World Swimming Championships
(25m)
Location
Santa Clara, California
Lillehammer, Norway
London, UK
India
Augusta, USA
Aintree Racecourse in Liverpool
Boston, USA
Louisville, Kentucky, US
Orlando, Florida, USA
Wembley Stadium, London
Paris, France
United States
France
Oakmont CC, Oakmont, Pennsylvania
USA/Canada
TBA
London, England
France
Royal Troon Golf Club, Ayrshire,
Scotland
Baltusrol (Lower Course), Springfield,
New Jersey
New York, USA
Rio, Brazil
Nha Trang, Vietnam
Hazeltine National Golf Club (Chaska,
Minnesota)
Doha, Qatar
?
Victoria, Australia
New York, USA
Windsor, Canada
Major International Sports Events
World Baseball Classic
The World Baseball Classic is an international baseball tournament for national

baseball teams from around the world, sanctioned by the IBAF and includes Major
League Baseball players playing for their home country. It is held every four
years (next in 2013). This event was (sort of) preceded by the baseball World
Cup.
Baseball World Series
The so-called World Series is only played by teams of the USA, though elite
players from around the world play in the US, and the World Series would be
considered a major event for baseball fans all around the world.
World Cup
The FIBA Basketball World Cup is an international basketball competition for the
men's national teams of the members of the International Basketball Federation
NBA Finals
National Basketball Association Finals held in June each year.
ICC World Cup
An international one-day cricket tournament contested by all Test-playing nations

plus some qualifiers.
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141
Baseball
Basketball
Cricket
Cycling
World Twenty20
World Cup of the twenty over game
UCI World
Championships (Track
Cyclingand Road)
Winners of this event are considered the World Cycling Champion for which they
receive the right to wear the Rainbow Jersey for a full year in the respective
discipline they are world champion
Tour de France
Ryder Cup
Annual tournament between teams from USA v Europe. The event is contested
every two years, the venue alternating between courses in the US and Europe
(usually UK)
British Open
Golf
US PGA
Masters
US Open
Equestrian
Gymnastics
Hockey (Ice)
Stanley Cup
finals of North American league (NHL) in June each year
Football
(American)
Super Bowl
The Championship game of the National Football League (NFL)
Football
(soccer)
FIFA World Cup
Held every 4 years. The next World Cup is to be held in South Africa in 2010.
Motorsports
F1 Grand Prix
Netball
World Championships
Rowing
World Championships
Rugby
Rugby World Cup
an international rugby union competition played every four years
Swimming
FINA World
Championships
The world championships for aquatic sports (diving, swimming-50m, open water
swimming, water polo, synchronized swimming), held every 2 years.
Wimbledon
part of the Grand Slam
Asian Cup
A series of events held around the world, such as the British, Monaco and Italian
Grand Prix.
US Open
Australian Open
Tennis
French Open
Volleyball
Davis Cup
An annual international team tennis competition for men.
Hopman Cup
annual international mixed team tennis competition played in Perth, Australia
Federation Cup
annual international team tennis competition for women
World Championships
International Multi-Sport Events
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142
event
notes
Summer Olympics
The world's premier multi-sport and multi-country sporting competition, held every four years.
Winter Olympics
The winter sports version of the Olympic Games, held every four years, two years after the Summer
Olympics.
Paralympic
Games
A major event for athletes with disabilities, now run in conjunction with the Summer Olympic Games,
every four years.
Commonwealth
Games
The next being held in Glasgow, in 2014. It is held every four years.
143
Page
Asian Games
The Asian Games, officially known as Asiad, is a multi-sport event along the lines of the Olympics,
though only for Asian countries. They were first held in 1951.
Gay Games
The Gay Games, held every 4 years, is open to all who wish to participate, without regard to sexual
orientation.
Military World
Games
For military athletes from over 100 countries.
European Games
A mulitsport event along the lines of the Summer Olympic Games, though limited to athletes from
European nations. The inaugural European Games are scheduled to be held in Baku, Azerbaijan, in
2015.
Youth Olympics
The Youth Olympic Games is an international multi-sport event, held every four years for athletes
aged 14 to 18.
Chapter-15
Awards & Honours
Awards and Honours in India for the year 2015:Miami Open 2015
Olympics Games 2014 (winter)
Mens Single
Novak Djokovic(Serbia)
Womens Single
Serena Williams(USA)
Host City- Sochi (Russia)

Winner in Medal Telly- Russia
Venues
2016 Summer: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
2018 winter: Pyeongchang (South Korea)
2020 summer: Tokyo (Japan)
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144
Mens Double
American Bob Bryan (USA) and Mike Bryan (USA)
Womens Double
Sania Mirza (India) and Switzerlands Martina Hingis
French Open 2015
Rome Master 2015
Mens Single- Stan Wawrinka (Switzerland),

Runner Up Novak Djokovic (Serbia)
Womens Single- Serena Williams (USA),
Runner Up Lucie afov (Czech Republic)
Mens Single- N. Djokovic Runner up- Roger Federer

Womens Single - Maria Sharapova Runner up- Carla
Suarez Navarro
Womens Double- Timea Babos and Kristina Mladenovic
Mens Double- P. Cuevas and D. Marrero
Wimbledon Open 2015
Cricket World Cup 2015
Mens Single- Novak Djokovic(Serbia)

Womens Single - Serena Williams(USA)
Mens Double- Jean Jullien Rojer of Netherlands and
HoriaTecau of Romania
Womens Double- Sania Mirza (India) and Switzerlands
Martina Hingis
Mixed Doubles- Leander Paes of India and Martina Hingis of
Switzerland
IPL 2015
Winner- Australia, Runners up Newzealand

Most Runs- Martin Guptill (New Zealand) 547 runs.
Man of the finals- James Faulkner (Australia)
Most wickets- Mitchell Starc (Australia) 22 wickets and
Trent Boult (Newzealand) 22 wickets.
Man of the tournament- Mitchell Starc (Australia)
Final Match played at Melbourne, Australia
Winning Team- Mumbai Indians

Runner Up- Chennai Super Kings
Orange Cap- David Warner
Emerging Player- Shreyas Iyer
Most Number of Sixes- Chris Gayle
Highest Individual Score- AB De Villiars
Purple Cap- Dwayne Bravo
62nd Nation Film Awards
Best Actor- Shahid Kapoor for Haider

Best Actress- Kangna Ranaut for Queen
Best Director- Rajkumar Hirani for PK
Best Movie- Queen
IIFA 2015 Winner
Madrid Open Title 2015
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145
Mens single Winner- Andy Murray Runner Up- Rafel

Nadal
Womens single Winner- Petra Kvitova Runner UpSvetlana Kuznetsova
Mens double Winner- Rohan Bopanna & Florin Mergea
Runner Up- Marcin Matkowski & Nenad Zimonjic
Women's double Winner- Casey Dellacqua & Yaroslava
Shvedova Runner Up- Garbie Muguruza & Carla Surez
Navarro
Best Actor- Sanchari Vijay for Nanu Avanalla Avalu
Best Actress- Kangna Ranaut for Queen
Best Director- Srijit Mukherji
Best Feature Film in Hindi- Court
Best Feature Film- Queen
Dada Saheb Phalke Award- Shashi Kapoor
Date: March 24, 2015
Other ceremonies: 2014
Awarded by: Directorate of Film Festivals
Indian W ells Open Tennis (BNP Paribas Open 2015)

Mens single Novak Djokovic Runner Up- Roger Federer
Women's Singles Simona Halep Runner upJelenaJankovic
Women's Double Sania Mirza &Martina Hingis
Runner Up- Ekaterina Makarova& Elena Vesnina
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146
Padma Awards Winners List for the year 2015

Padma Vibhushan:
Shri L. K. Advani, Public Affairs
Shri Amitabh Bachchan, Art
Shri Prakash Singh Badal, Public Affairs
Dr. D. Veerendra Heggade, Social Work
Shri Mohammad Yusuf Khan alias Dilip Kumar, Art
Shri Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya, Others
Prof. Malur Ramaswamy Srinivasan, Science and Engineering
Shri Kottayan K. Venugopal, Public Affairs
Shri Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan (Foreigner), Trade and Industry
Padma Bhushan:
Sr. No.
Winner Name
1.
Shri Jahnu Barua
2.
Dr. Vijay Bhatkar
3.
Shri Swapan Dasgupta
4.
Swami Satyamitranand Giri
5.
Shri N. Gopalaswami
6.
Dr. Subhash C. Kashyap
7.
Dr. (Pandit) Gokulotsavji Maharaj
8.
Dr. Ambrish Mithal
9.
Smt. Sudha Ragunathan
10.
Shri Harish Salve
11.
Dr. Ashok Seth
12.
Shri Rajat Sharma
13.
Shri Satpal
14.
Shri Shivakumara Swami
15.
Dr. Kharag Singh Valdiya
16.
Prof. Manjul Bhargava(NRI/PIO)
17.
Shri David Frawley (Vamadeva)(Foreigner)
18.
Shri Bill Gates(Foreigner)
19.
Ms. Melinda Gates (Foreigner)
20.
Shri Saichiro Misumi(Foreigner)
Padma Shri:
Sr. No. Award Winner Name
1.
Dr. Manjula Anagani
2.
Shri S. Arunan
3.
Ms. Kanyakumari Avasarala
4.
Dr. Bettina Sharada Baumer
5.
Shri Naresh Bedi
6.
Shri Ashok Bhagat
7.
Shri Sanjay Leela Bhansali
8.
Dr. Lakshmi Nandan Bora
9.
Dr. Gyan Chaturvedi
10.
Prof. (Dr.) Yogesh Kumar Chawla
11.
Smt. Jayakumari Chikkala
12.
Shri Bibek Debroy
13.
Dr. Sarungbam Bimola Kumari Devi
14.
Dr. Ashok Gulati
15.
Dr. Randeep Guleria
16.
Dr. K. P. Haridas
17.
Shri Rahul Jain
18.
Shri Ravindra Jain
19.
Dr. Sunil Jogi
20.
Shri Prasoon Joshi
21.
Dr. Prafulla Kar
22.
Ms. Saba Anjum
23.
Smt. Ushakiran Khan
24.
Dr. Rajesh Kotecha
25.
Prof. Alka Kriplani
26.
Dr. Harsh Kumar
27.
Shri Narayana Purushothama Mallaya
28.
Shri Lambert Mascarenhas
29.
Dr. (Mrs.) Janak Palta McGilligan
30.
Shri Veerendra Raj Mehta
31.
Shri Tarak Mehta
Fields Name
Art
Science and Engineering
Literature and Education
Others
Civil Service
Public Affairs
Art
Medicine
Art
Public Affairs
Medicine
Sports
Others
Others
Social Work
Social Work
Others
Fields Name
Medicine
Art
Art
Social Work
Art
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Public Affairs
Medicine
Medicine
Art
Art
Art
Art
Sports
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Social Work
Social Work
Art
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
Shri Neil Herbert Nongkynrih

Shri Chewang Norphel
Shri T. V. Mohandas Pai
Dr.Tejas Patel
Shri Jadav Molai Peyang
Smt. Bimla Poddar
Dr. N. Prabhakar
Dr. Prahalada
Dr. Narendra Prasad
Shri Ram Bahadur Rai
Ms. Mithali Raj
Shri P. V. Rajaraman
Prof. J. S. Rajput
Shri Kota Srinivasa Rao
Prof. Bimal Roy
Shri Shekhar Sen
Shri Gunvant Shah
Shri Brahmdev Sharma (Bhaiji)
Shri Manu Sharma
Prof. Yog Raj Sharma
Shri Vasant Shastri
Shri S. K. Shivkumar
Ms. P. V. Sindhu
Shri Sardara Singh
Ms. Arunima Sinha
Shri Mahesh Raj Soni
Dr.Nikhil Tandon
Shri H. Thegtse Rinpoche
Dr.Hargovind Laxmishanker Trivedi
Shri Huang Baosheng(Foreigner)
Prof. Jacques Blamont(Foreigner)
Late Shri Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin(Posthumous)
Shri Jean-Claude Carriere(Foreigner)
Dr. Nandrajan Raj Chetty(NRI/PIO)
Shri George L. Hart(Foreigner)
Jagat Guru Amrta Suryananda Maha Raja(NRI/PIO)
Late Shri Meetha Lal Mehta (Posthumous)
Ms. Tripti Mukherjee(NRI/PIO)
Dr. Dattatreyudu Nori(NRI/PIO)
Dr. Raghu Rama Pillarisetti(NRI/PIO)
Dr. Saumitra Rawat(NRI/PIO)
Prof. Annette Schmiedchen(Foreigner)
Late Shri Pran Kumar Sharma alias Pran(Posthumous)
Late Shri R. Vasudevan(Posthumous)
Art
Others
Trade and Industry
Medicine
Others
Other
Medicine
Sports
Civil Service
Art
Art
Medicine
Sports
Sports
Sports
Art
Medicine
Social Work
Medicine
Others
Others
Trade and Industry
Others
Others
Social Work
Art
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Art
Civil Service
List of Arjuna Award Winners 2015

Arjuna Awards were started from 1961. It is one of the highest award given to recognize outstanding achievement in National
Sports. Lets know more about it.
Arjuna Awards were constituted in 1961. These awards are given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of
India.
Cash Prize of Rs. 5,00,000 is given to awardee.
Recently, Government has revised the scheme(guidelines) of Arjuna Award. According to revised scheme To be eligible for the
Award, a sportsperson should not only have good performance consistently for the last three previous years at the
international level with excellence for the year for which the Award is recommended but should also have the qualities like
Sense of Discipline, Leadership and Sportsmanship.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna 2015 award won by Sania Mirza for Tennis.
Below is the list of nomination of Arjuna Awards 2015.
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147
Arjuna Awards 2015 (NOMINATION)

S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Name of the sportsperson

Naib Subedar Sandeep Kumar
Ms. M.R. Poovamma
Mr. Kidambi Srikanth Nammalwar
Mr. Mandeep Jangra
Mr. Rohit Sharma
Ms. Dipa Karmakar
Discipline
Archery
Athletics
Badminton
Boxing
Cricket
Gymnastic
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7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Mr. Sreejesh P.R.

Mr. Manjeet Chhillar
Ms. Abhilasha Shashikant Mhatre
Mr. Sawarn Singh
Mr. Anup Kumar Yama
Mr. Jitu Rai
Shri S. Sathish Kumar
Mr. Bajrang
Ms. Babita Kumari
Ms. Yumnam Sanathoi Devi
Mr. Sharath M. Gayakwad
Hockey
Kabaddi
Kabaddi
Rowing
Roller Skating
Shooting
Weightlifting
Wrestling
Wrestling
Wushu
Para-Swim
Chapter-16
Weldare Schemes Launched by Govt.
What Comes Under the Digital India Programme?
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149
Technology transforms peoples lives. It empowers and connects. From mitigating poverty to simplifying processes, ending
corruption to providing better services, vitality of technology is everywhere. It is an instrument of human progress.Narendra
Modi
Launching the Digital India programme formally at Indira Gandhi National Stadium on 1 July 2015, PM Narendra Modi said
that it is time for India to move to mobile governance, to deliver services and facilities through mobile phones and the Internet.
Digital India is an ambitious programme of the Government of India to empower Indians through the electronic and on-line
media, to create a countrywide digital infrastructure to serve the people of the country.
What comes under Digital India?
Communication Infrastructure and Services
BharatNet: This is the backbone of the Digital India programme. It will provide internet and telecommunication services to every
part of the country, including connecting the villages spread all over India through broadband. This is the worlds largest rural
broadband connectivity project.
BSNL Next Generation Network (Voice, data and multi-media on one landline): BSNL has prepared a massive plan to use
the advanced technology of Next Generation Network (NGN) to provide telecommunication services using various modes such
as voice, data networks (internet), wireless network and multimedia video conferencing and fixed mobile convergence (FMC). In
the first phase, BSNL aim is to cover four million customers.
BSNL Wi-Fi Services (Wi-Fi hotspots, affordable connectivity on the go): BSNL has also chalked out a plan to roll out Wi-Fi
in 2500 cities and towns, including major tourist places across India. The aim is to provide affordable seamless connectivity
through 2G/3G mobile connectivity.
Products
DiGiLocker: This system provides an online storage space to Indian citizens having Aadhar cards to store all important personal
documents, including other official documents issued by various Government departments and agencies. The system also helps in
secured sharing of data through a uniform resource identity (URI) link.
National scholarships portal (All Government scholarships under a single website): This is a one-stop solution for
implementing the entire scholarship process. Here, in a single website, you can apply and register for different scholarships
provided by different central and state ministries, governments and other agencies. You can receive application forms and
process online. This helps in effective and faster processing of scholarships and delivery of funds to the beneficiaries accounts.
E-Hospital/ORS: This system facilitates in making an on-line appointment with doctors at specialised government hospitals. The
aim is to relieve the common man from waiting for long hours or running around in hospitals searching for doctors. The patient
can also check his reports on-line. Presently, e-Hospital service is available in AIIMS, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Sports Injury
Centre, Delhi and National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru. The plan is to extend service to different
hospitals spread across the country.
E-Sign: This is another product introduced in Digital India. The e-sign or electronic signature facilitates an Aadhar card holder
to digitally sign a document, which can be integrated with service delivery applications.
Digitise India Platform (DIP): This is to digitise physical records and reduce piles of papers in record rooms and offices.
Portals
Digital India Portal and Mobile App: Digital India Portal is the dedicated portal for Digital India and it also has its mobile
based application as Digital India Mobile App. (http://www.digitalindia.gov.in/)
MyGov Mobile App: MyGov is a mobile version of the citizen engaging platform, where citizens can share opinions and offer
suggestions related to various issues and problems pertaining to the society and the country as a whole.
Swachch Bharat Mission App: This App has been developed to generate more awareness about the cleanliness campaign
among the people and connect them with various programmes related to the Swachch Bharat Mission.
Institutions and Policies
National Centre for Flexible Electronics (Getting the cutting-edge through research)
Centre for Excellence for Internet of Things (IoT)
e-Governance Policy Initiatives Under Digital India
Electronics Development Fund (EDF) Policy

Nine Pillars of Digital India
1. Broadband Highways
2. Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity
3. Public Internet Access Programme
4. E-Governance: Reforming Government through Technology
5. E-Kranti: Electronic Delivery of Services
6. Information for All
7. Electronics Manufacturing
8. IT for Jobs and
9. Early Harvest Programmes
AMRUT
Housing For All
Smart City
Jan Dhan Yojana
Digital India
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
Atal Pension Yojana
Digital Locker
E- Basta
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
Skill India
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
One Rank One Pension
Sukanya Samriddhi
AMRUT
UPA's (JNNURM) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission renamed as AMRUT ' Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and
Urban Transformation. The Govt. has sanctioned Rs.50000 Cr. for constructing 2 Crore houses in all the 40411 statutory towns
and cities .It will provide basic infrastructure like water & electricity supply, sewerage, transport and green space park .
Ensure basic infrastructure and sanitation
Focus on water supply and sewerage
Promoting Public Transport
Enabling walking, cycling, greenery and open spaces
Improving urban governance through reforms
Capacity Building
Housing for All
Affordable House for Urban Poor Household

2 Crore houses to be built for Urban Poor
Central assistance ranging from Rs.1 Lakh to
Rs.2.30 Lakh per house
Promote slum free cities
Promote slum free cities
House in the name of woman or with jointly with
husband
Smart Cities Mission

The govt. has planned to invest Rs.48000 for 100 Smart cities which will going to choose through 'City Challenge Competition'
followed by 'Intra State' and 'Inter State' Competition. 20 cities that meet the criteria will be going to fund for the first year of
implementation, followed by 40 each over the next two years.
High quality core infrastructure
Application of smart solution for better services
Enhanced quality of living
Drives economics growth benefiting all section
Promotes clean and sustainable environment
Selection of cities through competition
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Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY) - Scheme Details

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 15-august 2014 announced a financial inclusion scheme known as Pradhan Mantri JanDhan Yojna (PMJDY).This scheme was formally launched on 28-Aug- 2014, through this scheme financial inclusion is taken as
mission mode.
In order to achieve financial inclusion various initiatives were taken by previous governments and RBI like expansion of bank
branches network, opening of no frills account, mandatory financial inclusion plans by banks, adoption of business correspondent
model (BC) but still vast section of our country out of reach of financial services, So to provide basic financial services like saving
account, Remittance, Credit, Insurance, Pension in an affordable manner to common man PMJDY was launched.
How PMJDY is different from previous Financial Inclusion schemes

PMJDY focus on opening bank account in every family where as previous scheme
focus on providing Banking services with population more than 2000.
PMJDY focus on rural and urban area as same where as previous scheme
concentrate more on rural areas.
Thrust of this scheme is on providing not just account opening but also addition
services like insurance ,overdraft facility, remittances, RuPay debit card. USSD
based mobile banking to be utilized where as in previous scheme there is not use
of mobile banking.
Financial literacy is focus in PMJDHY where as in previous scheme financial literacy
was neglected.
In PMJDY, KYC needed to open bank account was made simpler.
PMJDY envisages provision of affordable financial services within reasonable distance. It comprises of the following six
pillars
1. Universal access to banking services-It aims at providing banking services to all inhabitants with in reasonable
distance of 5 k.m. by 14th-Aug-2015.
2. Providing Basic Banking Accounts, RuPay debit card and overdraft facility to all households
3. Financial Literacy Programme Financial literacy is integral part of PMJDY. By providing financial literacy people
will be able to judge right financial product for them.
4. Creation of Credit Guarantee fund It propose the creation of credit guarantee fund to cover the defaults in
overdraft accounts.
5. Micro insurance To provide micro insurance to all willing and eligible persons by August2018
6. Unorganised sector Pension Schemes like Swavalamban but August-2018.
PMJDY will be implemented in two phases
Phase I (From 15-August-2014 to 14-August 2015) - In this phase first three pillars of PMJDY will be implemented, this include
Universal access to banking facilities
Providing basic bank account with RuPay debit card with inbuilt accidental insurance cover of 1lakh.
Financial literacy programmes
Phase II (From 15th-Aug-2015 to 14th-Aug-2018)-In this last three pillars of PMJDY will be implemented this include:
Creation of credit guarantee fund
Micro Insurance
Overdraft facility
Unorganized sector Pension Schemes like swavalamban.
PMJDY is highly successful. Provision of social security by pension and insurance cover is a significant policy intervention. RuPay
enable debit card provides transaction security and overdraft facility, subsidies transfer to bank account will provide economic
security. Enthused by the success the target for opening basic account target has been revised form 7.5 Crore to 10 Crore by
January 26 and this target is also met and banks have issued 7.28 Crore RuPay debits cards. So will combine efforts of GOI,
RBI ands Banks, PMJDY will able to provide financial inclusion to every section of our society.
Digital India - The blue print of a Futuristic India
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151
Tell me what on earth Digi India is? shouts my exhasperated sister, appearing from under the mountains of her CLAT books,
Is Modi coming up with these things just to make the life of examinees tough?! Every week there is something!
I hear you lil sister, as do I hear the collective groan of hundred others obsessing over current affairs does it feel like the new
Government is giving us extra homework with all these schemes
Well anyway this brings us to our new-est currently-making-news topic :
DIGITAL INDIA
Prime Minister Modis vision The Department of Electronics and Information Technology of the Government of Indias pet
project Old Generations bane and the Next Generations boon we present to you Deegee Indiah! (I hope that was
dramatic enoughdrumrolls and all!) As put in words by the Ministry, Digi India is a programme to transform India into a
digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. When we think of Digi India key words like broadband, digital, eCourts, mobile, banking, e-Police etc should come to mind these are the unique selling points of the whole thing! So,
What is Digi India?
We know the basic premises of Digital India India finally going 21st Century with informations technology (IT).
It is nothing but Indias coming of age where IT will be in the daily lives of common people and not only of the IT people of
Silicon Valley (Bangalore!). Imagine everything online! Everything happening at the touch of your keypad and click of you mouse
with broadband speed imagine government services being rendered to you like that and
that dear friends is the vision of Digital India.
Laying down all the specs:Very important for the current affairs so high speed specifications coming up take note
Project proposed to be completed by 2019. It is a top priority project.
Every Indian to have a smartphone by 2019 I hear ya!
Slogan going around these days IT + IT = IT; which means India Today + Information
Technology = India Tomorrow.
Expected to generate more than 5 crore jobs!
The projects estimated cost minimum is 1 lakh crores !
The three Ds digital services, digital infrastructure and digital literacy.
A little elaboration is warranted here
The aim of this ginormous project is to bring the whole of India under the IT umbrella and provide all government services through
the internet for which there will be massive need for an IT infrastructure covering the whole of India (rural India being the most
important area for immediate development) and encouraging the masses to utilize and embrace these changes by educating
them about the technology, its benefits, the processes etc.
Services/ USPs can be listed as follows:
1. High Speed Internet to all and everywhere which means rural India too.
2. All Banking services by all banks via the internet.
3. All Government serves by all Government Departments via the cyber space less paperwork no queues or lesser of
those anyways!
4. All citizen documents details apart from the usual PAN/ AADHAR etc. to be available online.
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Nine Pillars of Digital India movement:

(1) Broadband Highways rural, urban by 2017.
(2) Universal Access to Phones mainly to get the rural people on the loop 42300 villages are still uncovered est time of
completion 2018 integration of State Wide Area Networks (SWANs) and National Knowledge Networks (NKNs)
(3) Public Internet Access Programme National Rural Internet Mission with Post Offices becoming multi-services centres.
(4) E-Governance all Government services routed through the internet no or lesser paperwork all processes within the
Government automated records will be held in databases and not in physical dusty files! easy and simple user interface to
government portals etc.
(5) E-Kranti delivery of services electronically if you are patient you can get your health reports and insurance coverage
informations online if you are a farmer you can get your queries, market prices and trends online, payment making, ordering
of inputs etc all online for students free wifi in ALL schools (ermok!) also we have e-Police, e-Courts, e- Prosecution and
e-Jails in perfect e-order!
(6) Information for all two way communication between government and people and like it says information far all.
(7) Electronics manufacturing in India Make in India + empowerment of domestic manufaturing units = zero imports by 2020!
(Team India all the way!)
(8) Jobs = jobs = jobs = India really needs this one!
(9) Early harvest programmes huh? this one is actually well it means getting some 9-10 particular programmes/
initiatives quickly done and delivered to the people early harvest! (Mentioned below)
Services required for Digital India
First one is get the mass messaging application ready and working, so that the Government can reach people via emails.
Second one is to ready the e-Greeting templates done Governemnts personalise greeting cards to the common man!
Third is secured inter-Government, inter-Government Department e-mailsystem designing of common Government template
this is important too.
Fourth one is bio-metric attendance counter for all Government employees you know finger print access running of the
card keys before entering offices all very high tech!
Fifth is to get the Universities and Colleges to have WiFis I ask where was Modi in my time?!
Sixth is public Wifi hotspots seriously where was Modi in my time?!
Seventh is to have all school books converted into PDFs! That is to have e-books, so that any student from anywhere can
access any book.
Eigth is to have e-weather reports and national natural calamities alert messages.
Ninth is to have an online portal for lost and found children this I vehemently support!
Phew! This is a lot to take in one article and in one day even I cant. What Ive put up here in this article is just the facts of the
Digi India Programme that anyone ought to know of the top of their head.
This topic should be on your finger tips But there are a lot more information to cover on this one and Ill follow it up with another
articles giving the numbers and some more facts and some current developments etc. All the computer hardware and software
companies Intel, Microsoft, Adobe and Google are going to play a big role to make "Digital India" a reality.
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Social Security Schemes launched by Narendra Modi Summary
On his first visit to West Bengal after becoming Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi surprised financial analysts by declaring
three social security schemes for 1.25 billion people. Now accidental insurance is available at mere Rs.12 for a coverage of
Rs.200,000. Read summary of schemes:-
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojna
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana
Eligibility
18 to 70 years of age
Having a savings account with a public sector bank
Insurer allows auto withdrawal for the payment of annual
premium
Eligibility
18 to 50 years of age
Having a savings account with a public sector bank
Insurer allows auto withdrawal for the payment of annual
premium
Policy cost and coverage

Rs.12 per subscriber for a coverage of Rs.2,00,000
Policy cost and coverage

Rs.330 per subscriber for a coverage of Rs.2,00,000
Maturity
Death due to accident or total physical disability due to
accident
Maturity
Death due to any reason
Atal Pension Yojana

Subscriber should have saving account
Eligible age for entering into scheme - 18 to 40 years
Provides subscribers a fixed minimum pension of Rs.1,000,
Rs.2,000, Rs.3,000, Rs.4,000 or Rs.5,000 per month starting
at the age of 60 years
Period of contribution by subscriber should be equal to or
more than 20 years
Central government will contribute 50% of the contribution
by subscriber or Rs.1000 per annum, whichever is lower for
5 years.
Digital Locker
Digi Locker is yet another Digital India initiative launched by the Government of India in February 2015. Released by the
Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DEITY), Ministry of Communications & IT, Digi Locker is actually an e-locker
to save your official and other documents.
A secured personal online storage space where you can store your documents.
A service open to all Indian citizens with Aadhaar cards
You will be allotted a storage space of 1 GB linked with his or her Aadhaar number.
You can not only store your official documents like mark sheets, Pan cards, Passports, certificates, voter id cards, etc. but also
store Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) link of the edocuments issued by various departments.
You can digitally sign e-documents with the e-sign facility provided by this system.
Section within the Digital Locker
My Certificates:
(a) Digital Documents: This contains the URIs of the documents issued to the user by the various government departments or
other agencies.
(b) Uploaded Documents: This subsection contains all the documents uploaded by the user. Each file should not be more than 1
MB in size. Only pdf, jpg, jpeg, bmp, gif, png file types can be uploaded.
My Profile: The users complete profile is seen here.
My Issuer: The issuers names and the documents issued to the user are available here.
My Requester: The requesters names and the documents requested by the requesters are available here.
Directories: Complete list of registered issuers and requesters along with their URIs are available here.
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Signing Up Process: How Does it Work?

In the text box Enter Aadhaar Number, type your Aadhaar number. For user authentication, there are two options to choose:
Use OTP (One Time Password) and Use Fingerprint.
OTP
If you choose OTP, the password will be sent to the mobile number and email-id registered with your Aadhaar. Once the OTP
is entered, click on Validate OTP button. Once the OTP is validated, the user can complete sign up by setting his username and
password.
Fingerprint
If you choose fingerprint, you will have to put the thumb print on the finger print device. If it is valid, your identification is
authenticated and you can set your own username and password to complete the sign up. Using Social Media You can also sign
in using your Gmail ID or Facebook ID.
Using Social Media
Advantages of Digi Locker System
Empowers the citizens digitally.
Ensures easy availability of documents online.
Reduces the use of physical documents and fake documents.
Offers authenticity of the e-documents.
Provides a secured access to documents issued by the government.
Reduces administrative costs of government departments and agencies.
Provides fast access to documents anytime and from anywhere.
Enables easy sharing of documents across departments and agencies.
Ensures complete privacy of residents data.
e-Basta: New Portal for Students to Download School Books
e-Basta
The Government of India has now extended a helping hand to the students of India in the form of the eBasta platform. This is a
collaborative platform where students, teachers and book retailers can come together and help each other.
How it works?
The stakeholders of eBasta are the students, teachers, eBasta app, and the publishers.
The eBasta app has to be installed to get access to the portal.
The school/teachers customise the contents of the eBasta for the students.
The publishers upload the content as per the requirement of the eBastas.
The students, with the help of the app, can access the portal and download content of interest.
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Features of eBasta
Basta in Hindi means a school bag. As the name suggests, eBasta is literally a digital schoolbag with the digital version of
school books and study material. The various features of eBasta are as follows:
This programme will make all school books available in the digital format and can be accessed on laptops and tablets.
Resources available in the digital form include text, simulation, animations, audio books, and videos among many other features.
Web based applications will be available to access and navigate the framework of eBasta.
Teachers or the school can log on to the portal and customise the eBasta contents according to the requirement, standard, and
syllabus of their students.
Students can access the content included by the teachers or the school on the same portal. They can use eBasta application by
downloading them on their computers or android phones.
The android app is like a eBook reader. Once the student has access he/she will haventhe content as required by the teachers.
The content is easily transferable.
eBasta is also beneficial for the publishers. It will be easier for them to penetrate into schools and students in every nook and
corner of India and sell books in the digital format. All they need to do is register on to the eBasta portal.
Benefits of eBasta for Students and Publishers
The publishers and the students both benefit because feedback on the online material available online comes directly and thus,
any action required concerning the content will also be more prompt.
Thanks to DRM (Digital Rights Management), the publishers do not have to worry about piracy of the content that they upload.
Even though this platform has been newly launched, there are many eBooks available on the portal. With an increase in demand
and popularity, this initiation of the Government is surely going to achieve success, and thus benefit the future generation of
India.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana : Skill Development Scheme
What is Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana

a key measure to impart skills-based training to young men and women, making them capable of earning and supporting the
nations anti-poverty endeavours.
Indian society which has the worlds largest youth population that requires employable skills (356 million population between
10 and 24 years of age The Hindu, Nov 2014).
Earlier this year, on 20 March 2015, the government of India implement the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
through the National Skill Development Corporation.
With a total outlay of about INR 1,500 Crore, the PMKVY is likely to impart skills training to 24 lakh youth of the country,
focusing on the Class X/XII dropouts and lower income groups.
The scheme was developed over a period of almost three months and its implementation started in select states (primarily
Bihar) by early June 2015.
The scheme will be launched in all states of the country on 15 July National Skills Day. Indias unemployment rate averaged
about 4.9 percent by early 2014. This scheme should bring that number down by a reasonable measure.
Skills Needs Assessment
One of the key objectives of the scheme was to cover the skills training of about 24 lakh people.
The specific skills imparted would be decided based on the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) and on the basis
of feedback from the various industries that would potentially employ the trainees.
The specific skills trainings to be imparted have been assessed by the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) on the
basis of demand in recent skills gap by a study for 2013-17 period.
Central ministries and state governments departments were consulted and the inputs of various industry and business heads
were also considered. Skills needed to implement various other flagship schemes such as Digital India were also assessed.
Currently, about 428 job roles are being catered to by the skills training imparted under the scheme.
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Enrollment Process
The government has partnered with various telecom operators to create awareness about the PMKVY. After the nationwide
launch telecom operators are likely to send out mass SMS about the scheme and will provide potential candidates a number to
call. Candidates need to give a missed call to this toll free number, following which they shall receive an automated call back
connecting them to an IVR. The potential candidate will, at this stage, need to input his/her details into the system. These details
will be recorded, and screened. Candidates eligible to enroll for the training programmes will be provided details of the nearest
training centre and will be asked to report on the training dates.
Implementation of the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
In keeping with the draft plan, the scheme was launched (in Bihar) and the NSDC partnered with about 24 sector skill councils.
As of 1 July 2015, about 1,17,564 people from all parts of the country have already enrolled for skills training. Training has
commenced for some 1,07,080 trainees already. The schemes implementation is being undertaken by NSDCs training partners.
The NSDC has some 187 listed training partners with 2300 training centres spread out in almost all the states of India. While
the scheme is on a pilot mode in select states, a nation-wide launch is expected by mid-July. The total outlay planned for the
scheme is over INR 1,500 crore, of which INR 1120 crore is likely to be allocated towards the skill training of some 14 lakh
youth. Additionally, INR 220 crore will be spent towards the recognition of prior learning. The scheme budget includes INR 67
crore that shall be spent on spreading awareness and encouraging enrolment. This includes implementation of the website and
running awareness campaigns. In this effort to create awareness about the PMKVY, the NSDC will partner with state governments
and municipal organisations and use the administrative machinery extensively to mobilise candidates from the grassroots level.
The NSDC has also partnered with various business houses and corporates in an effort to garner mentorship for the candidates
and to secure placements once their training is completed.
The government has allocated INR 67 Crore towards this. The scheme has the youth of the North Eastern region of India in special
focus. This region has been traditionally neglected and hence a separate allocation of INR 150 Crore has been made towards
the training of youth in this region.
Apart from training, the candidates shall also go through an assessment at the end of the training schedule. A certificate of merit
shall also be issued to candidates at the end of this training period based on the assessment. Third party assessment bodies
have been roped in by the NSDC to assess the candidates on the skills acquired and a monetary incentive or reward is given to
exemplary candidates. The average monetary reward that each successful candidate is likely to get is about INR 8000. The
scheme has placed much focus on the training partners. These partner institutions have been studied and assessed before
enrolment. Digital training facilities and able instructors are highly valued by the NSDC for the training sessions. The curriculum
developed is highly relevant and efficient in practical employability. Training sessions and the training institutes will be constantly
monitored by state government agencies and by the sector skill councils. Feedback from the candidates themselves will also be
sought.
Skill India: A New Programme to be launched in March 2015

After Digital India and Make in India, the NaMo Government is to launch yet another
programme. This one is a revised version of programmes launched earlier under the skill
development policy. This new programme, called Skill India, is supposed to be a multiskill programme. It will be launched in March 2015. Like all other programmes, Skill
India too is a dream project of Narendra Modi and the work to launch this programme
has already been initiated.
Objective
The main goal is to create opportunities, space and scope for the development of the talents of the Indian youth and to develop
more of those sectors which have already been put under skill development for the last so many years and also to identify new
sectors for skill development. The new programme aims at providing training and skill development to 500 million youth of our
country by 2020, covering each and every village. Various schemes are also proposed to achieve this objective.
Features
The emphasis is to skill the youths in such a way so that they get employment and also improve entrepreneurship.
Provides training, support and guidance for all occupations that were of traditional type like carpenters, cobblers, welders,
blacksmiths, masons, nurses, tailors, weavers etc.
More emphasis will be given on new areas like real estate, construction, transportation, textile, gem industry, jewellery
designing, banking, tourism and various other sectors, where skill development is inadequate or nil.
The training programmes would be on the lines of international level so that the youths of our country can not only meet the
domestic demands but also of other countries like the US, Japan, China, Germany, Russia and those in the West Asia.
Another remarkable feature of the Skill India programme would be to create a hallmark called Rural India Skill, so as to
standardise and certify the training process.
Tailor-made, need-based programmes would be initiated for specific age groups which can be like language and
communication skills, life and positive thinking skills, personality development skills, management skills, behavioural skills, including
job and employability skills.
The course methodology of Skill India would be innovative, which would include games, group discussions, brainstorming
sessions, practical experiences, case studies etc.
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Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Scheme To Ensure the Rights of the Girl Child
One Rank One Pension

The Indian government has come up with the One Rank One Pension (OROP) in what is
being seen as a final effort to get the attention of the defence community of the country
at the present moment there are 14 lakh soldiers and officers serving in various
capacities in different wings of the national armed forces. There are also in excess of 25
lakh military officers in India who have retired. Incidentally, this has been demanded for
a long time now and has also been promised but till now it had not been implemented.
This is also being regarded as an important step taken by the ruling government before
the national assembly elections come calling a few months later.
Recent Developments
According to government sources, the long-pending OROP scheme is likely to be rolled out ahead of the Bihar assembly polls.
On 15 June 2015, a group of about 55 ex-servicemen who belong to Jalandhar district began their relay-hunger strike at
Jantar Mantar in New Delhi, demanding the government to announce a date to introduce the OROP policy.
On 10 June 2015, a group of ex-servicemen met Finance Minister Arun Jaitley and expressed their concerns regarding the
delay in the OROP scheme which is likely to benefit as many as 22 lakh retired defence personnel.
On 3 June 2015, a group of ex-servicemen led by Maj Gen Satbir Singh (retd) met Dalbir Singh Suhag and discussed about
the early implementation of one rank one pension scheme.
Sukanya Samriddhi Account: New Scheme for a Girl Child in India
How to Open the Sukanya Samriddhi Account?

Guardian to open the account: The account can be opened only by parents or legal guardians for upto two girl children. In
case of twins or triplets, an exemption will be made on production of a certificate from authorised medical institutions.
Age Eligibility: A Sukanya Samriddhi account can be opened for a girl child till she attains theage of 10. The scheme started
from 2 December, 2014. An initial grace period of one year has been announced for convenience. A girl child, who is born
between 2 December, 2003 and 1 December, 2004, can open account by 1 December, 2015.
Account in the name of the beneficiary: Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme can only be opened in the name of the girl child. The
depositor (guardian) will be an individual, who deposits amount in the account on behalf of the minor girl child.
One Girl One Account: Only one account can be opened per girl child.
Where to open Account: Sukanya Samriddhi account can be opened in Post Offices or authorised Banks (State Bank of India,
Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Canara Bank, Andhra Bank, UCO Bank, and Allahabad Bank, to name
the few).
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More Information on Sukanya Samriddhi Account

Account Transferability: The account can be opened with an amount of Rs.1000. It can betransferred from the original
location to anywhere in India as the girl child relocates.
Minimum Contribution: A minimum contribution of Rs.1000 per account has to be deposited per year. A maximum of Rs.1,
50,000 per account can be deposited. There is no limit in the number of deposits in a financial year. The money can be
deposited through cash, cheque or draft.
Penalty: A penalty of Rs.50 will be imposed if the account is not credited with the minimum amount.
Rate of Interest: The scheme is offering an interest rate of 9.1% per year. However, it will be revised in April every year and
the change will be communicated subsequently. The interest will be compounded yearly and directly credited to the account.
Term Period: The guardian is expected to deposit amount in the account only till the completion of 14 years. No deposits after
that is required till the maturity of the account.
Withdrawal: A premature withdrawal (at the end of the previous financial year) of 50% of the accumulated amount is
allowed after the girl child turns 18.
Closure of Account: The account can be closed only after the child turns 21. If the money is not withdrawn even after that, it
will continue to earn the interest
Taxation: As per Section 80C of Income Tax Act, the investment (up to Rs.1.5 lakhs) under the scheme, all the payments
including the interest payment and the total maturity amount will be fully exempted from taxation.
What are the Documents Required Opening Account?
Birth Certificate of the girl child. Address and photo identity proof (PAN Card, Voter ID, Aadhar Card) of the guardian..
Start Up India, Stand up India Campaign Launched by Modi

On the auspicious occasion of 69th Independence Day, PM Modi launches new campaign 'START UP INDIA, STAND UP INDIA'.
Lets know about this campaign.
Salient Features of campaign: To promote bank financing for start - ups and offer incentives to boost entrepreneurship and job creation.
Prime Minister Narender Modi said," We are looking at systems for enabling start-ups. We must be number one in
start - ups...Start up India; Stand up India."
Encourage entrepreneurship among the youth of India.
Each of the 1.25 Lakh bank branches should encourage at least one Dalit or Tribal entrepreneur and at least one
woman entrepreneur.
Loans would also be given to help people.
Set up a network of start-ups in the country.
The Prime Minister also said that new changes will be done for current practice of interview-based selections for
low-skilled government jobs.
Package of incentives will be given to manufacturing units for generating jobs.
Union Agriculture Ministry will be renamed as the 'Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers'.
Prime Minister said that recruitment process should be online and transparent.
17 Crore Bank accounts were opened through Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. Approximately Rs. 20,000
Crore has been deposited by people in it. Reflecting the "Richness of India's Poor".
PM Modi launched "Accessible India" Campaign
Accessible India Campaign is also known as 'Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan'.

Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 under
section 44, 45, 46 provides non - discrimination in Transport, non - discrimination on theroad and non discrimination in built environment respectfully toPersons with Disabilities (PwD).
The main motive of campaign is to provide equal opportunities andindependence to persons with disabilities
(Pwd) and provide them best platform full in all aspects of life in an inclusive society.
The Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities and Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment has
decided to launch the"Accessible India Campaign" (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan) to achieve universal accessibility
for PwDs.
It is the vision of the Government to have an inclusive society in which equal opportunities are also provided
to Person with Disabilities (PwD).
Accessibility Professionals and Experts are working in this field for betterment of Persons with Disabilities.
IAF and SMILE Funds Launched by Arun Jaitley
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Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley launched two funds - India Aspiration Fund (IAF) and SIDBI Make in India Loan for
Small Enterprises (SMILE). Lets know about it.
New funds IAF and SMILE launched by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley.
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Arun Jaitley launched two funds by SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India), one for providing funds
to Start ups in India and Another to aid small enterprises.
IAF is for Start ups and SMILE is for MSME.
SMILE was announced in union budget in February.
Budget of Rs. 10,000 Crore has been kept by government for SMILE to development of Micro,Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSME) sector.
The loan of Rs. 10,000 to SMILE will focus on 25 sectors under government's 'Make in India' program with
emphasis on MSME.
The Indian Government as part of 'Make in India' initiative has launchedRs. 2,000 Crore for India Aspiration Fund
(IAF) also.
Main aims of IAF are - To, catalyse tens of thousands of crores of equity investment into start ups and MSMEs, To
create employment forlakhs of person, mostly educated youth, over the next four to five years, IAF would invest
in venture capital funds for meeting the equity requirement of MSME start ups.
LIC (Life Insurance Corporation) will be co - investor and partnerin the fund.
Chapter-17
International Summit
G 20 Summit
Suresh Prabhu appointed as PM Narendra Modis Sherpa (a senior official

responsible for preparing the agenda for leaders to be considered during the
summit.) for the Group of 20 annual Summit 2014.
G20 Leaders Summit (2015) will be held in Antalya, (Turkey).
G-20 meeting (2015) of Finance ministers and central bank governors will be held
in Peru (Lima).
G-20 Labour and Employment Ministerial meet will be held in Ankara (Turkey)
14th G-20 Summit 2015 Australia
16th G-20 Summit 2016 China
About G-20 Summit 2014
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
G-20 Summit 2014 was held in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland,Australia lie on 15-16 Nov , 2014 .
It was focused on Economic concerns, highlights plans to increase trade and reduce poverty.
It should be noted that the G-20 membership comprises a mix of world's largest advanced and emerging economies
representing about two-thirds of the world's population, 85% of global Gross Domestic Product and over 75% of global
trade.
It's members are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada , China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of
Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, The United Kingdom, The United States and the European Union.
Raising the pitch on the Black Money issue, Mr. Modi in his intervention at the summit of the Group of 20, he called for close
global co-ordination to address the challenge posed by it.The new standard would be instrumental in getting information
relating to unaccounted money hoarded abroad and enable its eventual repatriation, Mr. Modi said, utilising the forum of
G20, which accounts for 85% per cent of world's GDP.
Vladimir Putin's early exit from the G20 summit in Australia after an icy reception from world leaders may further stoke
Russia-West tensions and lead to renewed fighting in Ukraine.
G 8 Summit
It was the first time that the EU hosted a G7 summit.

40th G8 (G7) summit held at Brussels which does not include Russia, because of the
Crimean. These 7 leaders came together to figure out how to deal with Russia who
had just exerted power to annex Crimea from Ukraine and how they are going to
coerce or persuade Russia to stop Expanding.
G-8 Countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Britain and the US
BRICS Summit
7th BRICS Summit (2015) held in Ufa,Russia

BRCIS stands for Brazil,Russia,India,China and South-Africa
Ufa is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial,
economic, scientific and cultural centre of the republic.
ASEAN-EAS Summit 2014

The 25th ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) summit was held in Nay Pyi
Taw, capital of Myanmar on Nov 11-12, 2014 and the East Asia Summit was held at the
same venue on November 13, 2014.
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East Asia Summit
The 9th East Asia Summit (EAS) was held in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar on 13 Nov
2014.
The Summit was chaired by Myanmar's President U Thein Sein, President of the
Republic of the Union of Myanmar and attended by the Heads of
State/Government of ASEAN Member States, Australia, the People's Republic of
China, the Republic of India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, the
Russian Federation and the United States of America.
IBSA Summit 2015

India host the summit of IBSA (India, Brazil, and South Africa) in New Delhi in 2015.
SAARC
The two-day 18th South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC)
summit held at Kathmandu from 26th Nov to 27th Nov with an agenda to improve
connectivity among member states for boosting trade, collectively fighting the
poverty and illiteracy.
The SAARC has eight members : Afganistan, bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri-Lanka with permanent headquarters at
Kathmandu,Nepal.
The eight members signed the SAARC Framework on Energy (Electricity) Cooperation to facilitate inter country trading of electricity.
Theme : 'Deeper Regional Integration for Peace and Prosperity'
New Chairman of SAARC : Mr. Sushil Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal.
The 19th SAARC summit will be held in 2016 in Islamabad, Pakistan.
Five Proposals by India at SAARC

1. SAARC Business traveler card for all member countries
2. Easy visa for medical treatment visits
3. Online courses and e library for South Asian students
4. To provide five - in - one vaccine for children and support for polio free all countries
5. To provide funds for TB-HIV laboratory
BIMSTEC Summit
BIMSTECH (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation Countries )
It has 8 members Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bhutan, Nepal
BIMSTECH Summit 2014 was held in Nay Pyi Taw (Myanmar)
4th BIMSTEC Summit will be held in Nepal.
NATO Summit
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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) has 28 member with the purpose to
safeguard the freedom and security of its members through political and military
means.
Head Office - Brussels, Belgium, Chief or Secretary General : Jens Stoltenberg
It was the first NATO summit since Chicago in 2012,(Britain last hosted the summit in
1990, when Margaret Thatcher was Prime Minister )
Nuclear Summit 2014
The Neitherland hosted the 3rd Nuclear Summit in the Hague with an aim of
summit to reducing the amount of dangerous and improving the security for nuclear
material and radio active source.
The first Nuclear Summit was held in Washington.
4th Nuclear Summit 2016 will held in United States.
16th NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) Summit 2012 was held in Tehran, Iran.
It has 120+2 (Two nations namely Azerbaijan Republic and Fiji) members.
17th summit 2015 will be held in Caracas, Venezulea.
NAM Summit
BRICS summit
5th BRICS Summit (2013) in Durban, South Africa
6th BRICS Summit (2014) in Fortaleza, Brazil
7th BRICS Summit (2015) in Ufa, Russia
8th BRICS Summit (2016) in New Delhi
Members- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
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G20
8th G20 Summit (56 September 2013) in Russia
9th G20 Summit (1516 November 2014) in Australia
10th G20 Summit (1516 November 2015) in Turkey
11th G20 Summit (2016) in China
Members- Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France,
Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi
Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom
and the United Statesalong with the European Union
G8
41st G8 Summit (2015) in Germany
42nd G8 Summit (2016) in Japan
43rd G8 Summit (2017) in Italy
44th G8 Summit (2018) in Canada
45th G8 Summit (2019) in France
46th G8 Summit (2020) in United States
Members- Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia
(Suspended sine die), United Kingdom, United States
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC)
18th SAARC Summit (2627 November 2014) in
Kathmandu, Nepal
19th SAARC Summit (2016) in Islamabad, Pakistan
Headquarters- Kathmandu
Secretary General- Arjun Bahadur Thapa
Nepalese PM Sushil Koirala new Chairman of (SAARC).
Members- (8 members) Afghanista, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Association of Southeast Asian Nations

(ASEAN)
25th ASEAN Summit (1213 November 2014) in Myanmar,
Naypyidaw
26th ASEAN Summit 26-27 April 2015 in Malaysia, Kuala
Lumpur
27th ASEAN Summit 18-22 November 2015 in Malaysia,
Kuala Lumpur
Headquarters- IIndonesia
Secretary General- Le Luong Minh (Vietnam)
Members- (10) Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Burma (Myanmar), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
IBSA summits
IBSA summits 2013 16 May 2013 (canceled) New Delhi ,
India- Manmohan Singh
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

26th APEC Summit (2014) November 1011in Beijing , China
27th APEC Summit (2015) November 1819 in Manila,
Philippines
28th APEC Summit (2016 November 2016 in Lima, Peru
29th APEC Summit (2017) in DaNang , Vietnam
30th APEC Summit (2018) in TBA, Papua New Guinea
31st APEC Summit (2019) in TBA , Chile
32nd APEC Summit (2020) in TBA, Malaysia
33rd APEC Summit (2021) in TBA, New Zealand
34th APEC Summit (2022) in TBA, Thailand
Headquarters- Singapore
Executive Director- Dr. Alan Bollard (Philippines) APEC Host
Economy 2015
Members- (21 members) Australia, Brunei Darussalam,
Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong-China, Indonesia, Japan,
Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Chinese
Taipei, Thailand, United States, and Vietnam
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

(OPEC)
OPEC 2015 International Seminar- Vienna, Australia
IBSA summits 2015 (planned) in New Delhi ,India

Narendra Damodardas Modi
Members- India, Brazil, South Africa
Headquarters- Vienna, Austria

President- Diezani Alison-Madueke
Secretary General- Abdallah el-Badri
Members- (12) Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwai, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab
Emirates, Venezuela
164
Page
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

14th NAM Summit 1516 September 2006 in Havana, Cuba
15th NAM Summit 1116 July 2009 in Sharm El Sheikh,
Egypt
16th NAM Summit 2631 August 2012 in Tehran, Iran
17th NAM Summit TBA 2015 in Tehran, Iran
Coordinating Bureau- New York City, United States
Members- (120 members, 17 observers)
SecretaryGeneral- Hassan Rouhani
Nuclear Security Summit

1st NSS 2010 in Washington
2nd NSS 2012 In Seoul
3rd NSS 2014 in The Hague, the Netherlands
4rth NSS 2016 in United States
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

2009 NATO Summit 23 April in Strasbourg-Kehl,
France/Germany
2010 NATO Summit 1920 November in Lisbon, Portugal
2012 NATO Summit 2021 May in Chicago United States
2014 NATO Summit 45 September in Newport/Cardiff,
Wales, United Kingdom
2016 NATO Summit 89 July Warsaw, Poland
Headquarters- Brussels, Belgium
Supreme Allied Commander (SACEUR)- Philip M. Breedlove
Secretary General- Jens Stoltenberg
Chairman of the NATO Military Committee- Petr Pavel
Members- (28) Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom,United States
Bay of Bengal Initiative for

Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
(BIMSTEC)
1st BIMSTEC Summit 31 July 2004 in Bangkok, Thailand
2nd BIMSTEC Summit 13 November 2008 in New Delhi,
India
3rd BIMSTEC Summit 4 March 2014 in Nay Pyi Taw,
Myanmar
Nepal will host the 4th Summit (cycle continues in
alphabetical order.)
Headquarters- Dhaka
Membership- Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma (Myanmar),
India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand
Chairmanship- Nepal (since 2014)

49th 2016Annual Meeting 4 to 5 May in Frankfurt, Germany
48th 2015 Annual Meeting 4 to 5 May in Heydar Aliyev
Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
47th 2014 Annual Meeting 4 to 5 May in Palace of
Independence, Astana, Kazakhstan
46th 2013 Annual Meeting 4 to 5 May in India Expo Centre
and Mart, Delhi, India
45th 2012 Annual Meeting 4 to 5 May in Philippine
International Convention Center, Manila
44th 2011 Annual Meeting 5 to 6 May in National
Convention Center, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Headquarters- Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines
Membership- 67 countries
President- Takehiko Nakao
Formation-19 December 1966
Global Insurance Summit

7th Global Insurance Summit 2014 in Hyderabad,
Telangana
The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM)

2011 (2830 October) Pert, Australia (Chaired by- Julia
Gillard)
2013 (1517 November) in Colombo, Sri Lanka (Chaired byMahinda Rajapaksa)
2015 (27-29 November) Birgu, Malta (Chaired by- Joseph
Muscat)
2017
To be announced. Vanuatu
2019
To be announced. Malaysia
Arab League Summit

30th Arab Summit 2127 March 2013 in Qatar Doha
31st Arab Summit 2526 March 2014 in Kuwait Kuwait
City
32nd Arab Summit 2829 March 2015 in Egypt Sharm El
Sheikh
33rd Arab Summit Spring 2016 in Morocco Morocco
34th Arab Summit Spring 2017 in Bahrain Manama
Leaders- Arab League Secretariat
Bandar bin Sultan
Arab Parliament Ali Al-Daqbaashi
Council Presidency Lebanon
Membership- (22 members) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros,
Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,
Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab
Emirates, Yemen
Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
10th
2012
Jaipur, Rajasthan
11th
2013
Kochi, Kerala
12th
2014
New Delhi, Delhi
13th
2015
Gandhinagar, Gujarat
14th
2016
Agra, Uttar Pradesh
PETROTECH International Oil & Gas Conference

11th PETROTECH-2014 Exhibition & Conference 12-15 Jan in
New Delhi
Next in 2016
ATOMEXPO
United StatesEuropean Union

March 26, 2014 Brussels, Belgium
6TH INTERNATIONAL FORUM ATOMEXPO 2014 9-11 JUNE,

MOSCOW
7th International Forum ATOMEXPO 2015 in Moscow
GLOBAL INVESTORS MEET
09 10 Sept 2015 GLOBAL INVESTORS MEET -2015
Venue: Chennai Trade Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
November 28, 2011 Washington, D.C.

November 20, 2010 Lisbon, Portugal
India Economic Summit
India Economic Summit New Delhi, India 04 - 06
November 2014
New Members of Important Organizations

United Nations Total Members 193 (Last Member : South Sudan)
WTO Total Members 160 (Last Member : Yemen)
World Bank and International Monetary Fund Total Members 188 (Last Member South Sudan)
European Union Total Members 28 (Last Member Croatia)
Important Note : India is not a member of G-8, NATO, EU, AU, APEC, OPEC & ASEAN
India is member of G-20, SAARC, BRICKS, CHOGM, NAM & BIMSTEC
RECENT POLICY MEASUR ES

100% FDI allowed in medical devices
FDI cap increased in insurance & sub-activities from 26% to 49%
100% FDI allowed in the telecom sector.
100% FDI in single-brand retail.
FDI in commodity exchanges, stock exchanges & depositories, power exchanges, petroleum refining by PSUs, courier services
under the government route has now been brought under the automatic route.
Removal of restriction in tea plantation sector.
FDI limit raised to 74% in credit information & 100% in asset reconstruction companies.
FDI limit of 26% in defence sector raised to 49% under Government approval route. Foreign Portfolio Investment up to 24%
permitted under automatic route. FDI beyond 49% is also allowed on a case to case basis with the approval of Cabinet
Committee on Security.
Construction, operation and maintenance of specified activities of Railway sector opened to 100% foreign direct investment
under automatic route.
SECTORS WHERE FOREIG N DIRECT INVESTMENT IS PROHIBITED:
Lottery Business including Government /private lottery, online lotteries, etc.
Gambling and Betting including casinos etc.
Chit funds
Nidhi company-(borrowing from members and lending to members only).
Trading in Transferable Development Rights (TDRs)
Real Estate Business (other than construction development) or Construction of Farm Houses
Manufacturing of Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes, of tobacco or of tobacco substitutes
Activities / sectors not open to private sector investment e.g. Atomic Energy and Railway Transport (other than construction,
operation and maintenance of (i) Suburban corridor projects through PPP, (ii) High speed train projects, (iii) Dedicated freight
lines, (iv) Rolling stock including train sets, and locomotives/coaches manufacturing and maintenance facilities, (v) Railway
Electrification, (vi) Signaling systems, (vii) Freight terminals, (viii) Passenger terminals, (ix) Infrastructure in industrial park
pertaining to railway line/sidings including electrified railway lines and connectivities to main railway line and (x) Mass Rapid
Transport Systems.)
Services like legal, book keeping, accounting & auditing.
SECTORS WITH CAPS
Page
165
Petroleum Refining by PSU (49%).

Teleports (setting up of up-linking HUBs/Teleports),Direct to Home (DTH), Cable Networks (Multi-system operators (MSOs)
operating at national, state or district level and undertaking upgradation of networks towards digitalization and addressability),
Mobile TV and Headend-in-the-Sky Broadcasting Service (HITS) (74%).
Cable Networks (49%).
Broadcasting content services- FM Radio (26%), uplinking of news and current affairs TV channels (26%).
Print Media dealing with news and current affairs (26%).
Air transport services- scheduled air transport (49%), non-scheduled air transport (74%).
Ground handling services Civil Aviation (74%).
Satellites- establishment and operation (74%).
Private security agencies (49%).
Private Sector Banking- Except branches or wholly owned subsidiaries (74%).
Public Sector Banking (20%).
Commodity exchanges (49%).
Credit information companies (74%).
Infrastructure companies in securities market (49%).

Insurance and sub-activities (49%).
Power exchanges (49%).
Defence (49% above 49% to CCS)
Tea sector, including plantations 100%.

Mining and mineral separation of titanium-bearing minerals and ores, its value addition and integrated activities -100%.
FDI in enterprise manufacturing items reserved for small scale sector 100%.
Defence up to 49% under FIPB/CCEA approval, beyond 49% under CCS approval (on a case-to-case basis, wherever it is
likely to result in access to modern and state-of-the-art technology in the country).
Teleports (setting up of up-linking HUBs/Teleports), Direct to Home (DTH), Cable Networks (Multi-system operators operating at
National or State or District level and undertaking upgradation of networks towards digitalization and addressability), Mobile
TV and Headend-in-the Sky Broadcasting Service(HITS) beyond 49% and up to 74%.
Broadcasting Content Services: uplinking of news and current affairs channels 26%, uplinking of non-news and current affairs
TV channels 100%.
Publishing/printing of scientific and technical magazines/specialty journals/periodicals 100%.
Print media: publishing of newspaper and periodicals dealing with news and current affairs- 26%, Publication of Indian editions
of foreign magazines dealing with news and current affairs- 26%.
Terrestrial Broadcasting FM (FM Radio) 26%.
Publication of facsimile edition of foreign newspaper 100%.
Airports brownfield beyond 74%.
Non-scheduled air transport service beyond 49% and up to 74%.
Ground-handling services beyond 49% and up to 74%.
Satellites 74%.
Private securities agencies 49%.
Telecom-beyond 49%.
Single brand retail beyond 49%.
Asset reconstruction company beyond 49% and up to 100%
Banking private sector (other than WOS/Branches) beyond 49% and up to 74%, public sector 20%.
Pharmaceuticals brownfield 100%.
Page
166
SECTORS REQUIRING CENTRAL GOVERNMENT APPROVAL

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Objectives of SEBI ........................................................................ 29

Highlights of Economic Survey ................................................... 48

Important Books for the year 2013............................................. 129

1. FINANCIAL ASSETS/ INSTRUMENTS

B. CAPITAL MARKET INSTRUMENTS

Constituents of Financial Markets

Distinction between Capital Market and Money Market

Distinction between Primary Market and Secondary Market

After 16 After years

General Bank of India

but failed in 1791

Union Bank of India (1869)

Imperial Bank of India (1921)

State Bank of India (1955)

HSBC established itself in Bengal 1869.

Oudh Commercial Bank

but failed in 1958

(The first entirely Indian Joint Stock Bank)

Punjab National Bank (1894) in Lahore

Reserve Bank of India (1935)

Nationalised- 01 January, 1949

STRUCTURE OF BANKING SECTOR IN INDIA

Reserve Bank of India

Rate as on 2 June 2015

Reserve Bank of India

Reverse Repo Rate

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)

Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)

Savings Deposit Rate

Term Deposit Rate

GovernorsThe Governor of RESERVE BANK OF INDIA is Raghu ram Rajan.

Role and Function of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

RBI is the Regulator of Financial System

RBI is the Issuer of Monetary Policy

RBI is the Issuer of Currency

Public Sector Banks

Much more to do. With

Indias International Bank

One Family One Bank

C.V.R RAjendran (CEO)

Canara Bank Hindu

12 March 1906 in the

Its easy to change for

Rakesh Sharma (CMD & CEO)

Build A Better Life

Rajeev Rishi (CMD)

Prosperity for all

Sadhu Ram Bansal (CEO)

Trusted Family Bank

Aswini Kumar (CMD)

Good people to grow

Udupi, 1925 (as Canara

Your Faithful And

Good people to bank

The Bank that begins

IDBI Bank Ltd

Honors Your Trust

The Nation banks on us;

Blending Modernity with