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“10 _Ecosiptow the basic fenthional amit of eccloga ae ey ee cr intluancing Se ae meee ree erect o A: GJontley Proposed the Kam ecosytim - Acading ty him “Eeosyitine is a Aylin which Ausubfid duc. bh anlegaction of alll Hiving om wen- Siving Poctsis of “the emsinonment Vantout, tinninelogy Hove Weom uted Like biocounosis wicrstoawn , CCAM , GeoloioCoemoaly eke. but Esp leon, wet widely aciepted - E00: Enutrounent Sydin © Om sabicocking anc ishindePended Compler. i) - UniT=T-E@ Bs Definitions :- Beoaystin {4 a bhuchina! oma Panchionsl ystim of Communities ond susinmment — Barratt . aS rey a uk Rob includes all ( a Environ WAwnd ow Oem dwlevack wit Phaaical oe _ ee = 4 Ecomptim in 0 Community of inbirdlependent el togabking ae Be oe Mishoo Allaby see Tyees gf Eto syslies + Ra Ecosgstiom we 04 Amal at ke Pod weben Cmdoeipton) Oy it ee 3 be oy ae a Olean - Ecosln =) ea vi ¥ ae ae oe Naso : Akiba x noe ae : ex: Crop Sidld, agpient Pr re my << jonubial Aquak c ex. Foal, | Coe > | Derat 3 Pere oe ak Fruthwaer Marine valor ex, OCeam , SOR J eae = hadie (Houdngutt. J atic Qosmniig whe ) sx. Lake Pond, dito Ea RNC AR SSO ee 4 dude fon Seefe An ecoaystorn i El tes Ista Comfort Dyke amd obelobic Q mewke comport os The nonhiving Sactom (of) te phypcd coal mA Pacrotling fe om CCOAY Shem Dam Tha, aloiatic ComPonsatt tha, hava: 0 Aron waflucnia on the armuline , Asksbetien , bebo ciow pote ee Mine steers Abiok Comforts ane vaaivly ae bos Napa + Abe eaeialen 1 ote, bemferclne chy weit a Bdaptie fos geil, Ph, Totopatty jirinnals oF 4 & Feokate a mite OF wentlacl 200K sich albed Sail winneh Ponkielur Sganic attic h 3 putaterda Wallis , Wome The Vi hy Ling depasams Soils Reo srrdine! Spostles coc) > | Cynara vegtiatinn gpeosng ow hop ata Ach % cloudy fintad © Yor Comfort of om ecoaylion Haough Nabe cyslng « The ako ett Provides Be font eee Provide ee im conan dso Ba proto systealt oS i eS pmees of ereforstion ; poate oma Presititation egg ee, Gdn | obmup bene, ond Garters Aube Salon, rodickion Ona ecoays ton 4p “a okmoap hot ea ae _ io ivke ee chrome Aa Pray gates sald, ow ah nafalpolian, On Bs ane ‘ Compre Oh wnoat he Arse (40% ) Re ate aren as coke, eee i ee oniginad jovace of Hels Ria, th Gece, ee hottie intlading plats , onda oh WORD tang eed Oe Prat m om ecargstom Har boning | Hains ache im The ecoayetinn rao ~ ~ rete Comfonsadli Congee emit Flo les Poa» Conhlemes , decompo, Prduters (04) puke kxeru © coming i— Quen plac: have csdovotlegll sie tre hele ot Arkon ¥ monty't anh Cleon ge ht who i gon fl wn GINS tala Ruy Saal oe conan using a 9 vA wath. r ke flo Qorks i _ cblowetha/t carts an Lh dete cede Yow 0% Food hans Pose enaen ot bebevobvot Ras produces 4 oa Censure Ot of fom Lies © Linosy Cong vuners(or) Herstvotet nd. tha eget vali feod On plant @O naldsit, o Jf, colle de @ sw Comauanta * oi te Been Re feed ie cnokes Spee shone Oe Jredoioes ane Colbed Prmnonr Canmore 2% @ wits Geeoge i, Hane Bee "Nong Commis o(es aids Peod OW Secondony mS, ex wolves Je Cann which, ead O% ® & Quckinnany came) Ht ome nor Caken dg en oi ane Cuban Condwrand Se biew, Tiga eee dong Et Cabbage They bferk down tte dead eu” wall of J De Hearn Sood ond galore be te qmvivenmict the Awe indent ond Baer Aulostomtos fod 98 by Prncuaha froduwn and Confenty os Bde aubettonttd ee nted by ee quay ae cgdac eyo $e of tinal yebaun He 4 5 ond ae albgotic qaaironraia® of te aa ta atc donee nosn of sadafles econ (Septros - rolben | bathe - feedn.) Functions of om Ecosyst * poe Dubolop SC flowk olotain a wank of indgaud c nubiedt deem he ee Componrat a genic Ca cubotrer hs maki gre to he ang consti tus Comune ) - toon auke bef ly 6 ; dre, wilt ia Se en Ath olny ses eellete belwean Lving and Lisi ageniers eee de, Corben ge, sobfhum , Prov hore cyte af ene a oe [pdiow. 2 No cory tia ele ee OM Lgedetteeh aysten . Die ~~ Lintad — agetie, bopaacntiee eos. Eo ayatom OMA MTL WS cg: Plawd Provide 9, Fone shall. a cy ond alee ‘Aglpea) ge pollination lente ond je | me frds fd ae Ric hale decomposes wd Cocke ae. (ee doon ond selenred mh act! cance eee ne Plants emeostests t- oestige paint bene Tha, Numer , Galles evnao tis ares ‘ie weed peyord Wie eal wa heaton Ex. No Met jw cas oa ve contals Gown oie cot fad genacily rokotro? Ke ‘oy ho Ce jae expiration, b eee ear auiotetls di soho wes. torgurah 9 ag athens’ + ps ie og Ramen of qubbberhs Curry “ apo adi tn mbes : * Miers wy feet looky building bom aulrotls eS 4 aah yp olkin Byars, and Ye ay, om of UNA ak ey ee (a ayers b Be, Bioguechenieal Gyles + Tae loti tae! Aj. Oe) ko be ae.) Living: Orgouigme - Mekertabs oe \awckars geek Met. cami yt. A te Kang the Ayton SMG coukinions Hee oly fossileley, (4 mobic “es ——o ale) Sie ame C tech gk upd me easy =| wold , Here cytes go tg He mot aeportasd —clemedtt $x flat oth. ar naqpared Tol taaeen lay yea i wrouny, OMLan compords . Gut chow thy! , Sacheie eecienee ory Aa abmarphuic Stroy ty wok ee dincckl, ot owdagoet mony changer pee Wibogen cpele. QO nikrogen Pee a Oe ah Fate ihogem of adwokfhue bake ply) eee x. QLazalgiue’, rvoaticr uohens okt @ Apes tome SnconQorahion cet eee ongounic wrolecde @ fonpiketion = Bee) Gyo & tech, and eel fe ee alee ane: Noche Onof ackmawyte er Aehoazi ng miknogen of et oe witch @ witifications- Conversion of ammeute cto mibococea the Vite — Nikrodornonsd by mibhying oe gt Conversion of rai : nibs de © Denitrihcetion -- puke Nuh ge ; ; donitrifens , res Tho bacillus Host aus, Mchececct NO, Cait Plauk ———s Animals, oe NB, Serer Decan fate. (Avrents) NITROGEN CYCLE Food Chatm + Fran sfe fl emer Boom Produ Hecate A Kerits oF bo aniams wit apeabe Bt el oo gel is Kagan’ ag efmed Choi. d Be kick af oy te + Chaneclesbies :- 1.Gn a Food Chaim , thee in & hifeated ont ods te mall ona and 4 eatin om Be unidin ciclo wnenget from sum producers and them tr a dete. of Consumes of Vantous Wafed 3. Us fo-90/. oF pote Lind omngy is ost 2g heat at coche Trowsher : pear trot fuels 2 a fondohon ihe vival lias gpaskce availble. onsale Ss chitin Red choing Provide and Vitevena. : G. Some Bantams cet dife. frephic feuely tw differed Rood Urabe’ Ex. Owinivored Typ Food choina: - Le Grazie food Choiws- Sie fill ere ys wil ase plaice areal pees coe) ieee ore Conmivoru oe gee ok Gruss > Rabble —> Fox Faeg —»> buske —? Haak Gus Gromhepfe. —? pel a ee Man. Plato plansctons —> Zoople Oo ‘ P nolra Polley Guaahyy “4 Auch Kafe of Prod ohsiey an. diraikly doperdemk® om the inflow of Solar en Pal witk demic! val most ct the: chobrystiong Dood chasms. EGoaphos 2. Delaebs fond eee Choive - ot ee andl gre h jubilee teat ba oh se amd on fo Haw Ped” phat. Bn Goring. Brod Shoing ed ators —— petrivores —> Pr —> Robfuy, album hese and > soil itu ee dead lak Ecos howt buck fe Pood oink dafend & t a (noducech a anothon extierine ) We es Ls me me = fy * (momgreove , 0, ae 5 rob of ger st, tito fond chaser” begin . oS oe ered noing abe oeCome. or. ae tanks. wee Bod wel Chaneckorisbica oe ee ceo pslin, 0 ot Prodchates hod, oc — 2. Food Wala Provider the ablenative falwwoy, f ford oxvail bili ex. FH erable, 4 Movte are deciearet in & gots land wm Anstta brarol toh Consumes, Heuie — wnbg rs 0 x : acai Hea numb of those cbbamotive faHwou, , all & Yee CConys tern Bekins. eel, ee @ xa ——> Robbit x a wot 4 e —— > + Suoke wh econ her fy. fool ee fo» yeti mote edd sit _* ~ Tadpole Se mae i feces s Rapsdic plate a Figs Ax agpatic food web Be Envy flows fee Geos ystinn dagends on We Flow The fanchiont-g, of ecosystem of. -.enengy Aboough vrobin Energy emboy he cour eom nodiclion ond ia conwerted Aho chemical Bron The Adon Passes Bam boy He producer, From Trew “He Cum Cee Heough Food. of Mage an The ecoaystem 1a qevoued by boo basic low, oh Masrumodyinaimics 1) Ewagy Com neither be CReaked nd destroyed , ba Anoustainad Brom One Aoolz + amother Feeateneiion daomsgen of Udy 1h oy a, iaersion - nheafee no traustionclinn v3 looy. Wek alavays accompaineh %Y Lom of wgy an Ma S8m of host The ony ured 4a in easically ayaued rom Sete IG jor obegule eo wnilliont of otal Rolo. ONY ean tie earth, — akmnor Phat Boot 34h of dunbight ia artleded lack van We is lc actin Noho 7 olmosphoe atte = peaches te earth's Avafece , owt of which aby iesy, of Wis Re elee Cees flout, Oud the desk i Wns absteed &y Avil Fromm The Plows Com Ye 2) Ev or accomfained odl Plant Vite @rrcerres fy xachon of akmoaphnr + The, Keer Sibsh isn medals which evplatia how enag 7 in Ctosyaln Flos 2 yeShaped energy flow There one Plow Kak Maw 1 Single chan egy re 872 geek ee bon 1,18 87% 9S peor A > s egorsPeaitions Ee [ peconpostl 50° nkotilited not oblised ee { Aecgtlluttyy Repinakion (8 motubilized it} Wie ouk of total Va coming olan nodiation 118,812 gel lol gr ) ye ret-gel Vie, reh geek lewd] ge Menace unubilized © Thus — grond Production bw cudotrets 16 Wi0 gealletlyy - cele Moy 83 gallorty ty consumed an neta bolic Machious ot ante broths Pa Bath Booth , dayeotment, maitencute ee qeproduclion Heplgtgores Consume Vo qk Lut | qr of aubrtreo by (rpductton & Detorsfesh on Octo uae ee SPO geal Jue’ ly y- Pe 0 qedletlyr ts wot tilted at elect Gao. toak accumulating Aecliments Total Uncrgy dmcowtad ako hustoivere hovel! th ie gcd lent lyr owt of wl 4x makateolic. 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Ca te datomfosers - On Om Guecgeene Ail cout ecoarplenns Ake hodgtvove atindlekion Ma ap trmxirmakely lon of He Gross trockuchivilg ot Prducon. Qu Reloivore devel, also ome i aia waUaed by Coauivors DN Qe trantherred h deepen afta Te dant of dorbiveres, oa Mis bey ovby danall Beackiow (Lo%) of herteivore fv duck vily ty wed to nope Cannlyore , tovth - saccenting toeplac levels He AePHtelten, Cont ole keer Anon ly on On anrage Producers See jv) e Nn poe Produ chi te Thedt vere eel ond Tt loves “Hux Bare ak attentive Wyhe nettdval varrgg U4 corsumne ag Bor, iW fo about Go ww Cate Yon of UNE WAGE 1, «mended tretiue lewd ma Bolt, See jee! Aude Oh etn Punt, tropic Jaye tee uprated vie Shaped kaegy Atow 2 — Dp) ode (leases. * gencrsbised model of y- wasted @) a- chounal Mnyy Flee medal opplicatole deokasied ~ ond Mia eas econysteuns 4 Ahoow Lo Loot ete Ligue yenlarvores Pe eee cae) Qaaztny food Chotw |\——> # Qa Sunlight Noncatl: Producers Ce : 62020" petulea Conmivores Qresatos ) Conseneh Y= thaped Oy Flag Ahows Rirdeoge bole. cud — dakritin Food choine. ot expleing hob emegy paring fein i sl See te home bmes the Medsbers Blea Taka ak pares Sed han afend on dabitiy Comtumta 4 similady ee ot Dee food chain defend on hotawweresen of ace=t trod chats , Hbuls Creaking A dotoey flo of emngy Fa example do a Grewland — Producen lich oe maida Opoitiek ome ais eRe Dap melo stn Mnnlote Wen Adtowe Ruteemsive decree dow ia 77 the Beno, tre, alee ae alge: tO A psnamioe on He oped Ba hecalle Coburn Ma Awtey Hof {cme tose omer Thom Hie Raloloike mie Wore drouote anh vide ete." Ra Spawrd loeco wed Testing Onsomen secondiang Consumna2d taney Conhumens (Produc ) og wenber ~ Gea land eceses tim @ Beologica\ Assails :- Ecologic-| Pyrsumed oe opof hier! ae Idrowing Hee relation Mey oda . oe om Etakystewn when Keo logi' ) fac me. flolicd Haag au, © So 7 ann ted outs The cmeett of ecological pods wes inkrodited Gabel Etoloz! chute, Gh eed fo : Fig clkeken Ppomde lega he tyne ae Tytes Ecological fpowids 2. Ecologicat tyowide nate a eae gees t Kates 1 Ppa 5 wee a tpemd of Giomos 3 fypowd fae me fyomid ition Oy Ot egaighh@y Cau fe waking F Ha feed chain ta Me Rosbesbar ecokystem voll fpoumid of enegy Oe abvay: aparglt Q Pyround of numb %— dyowid Gna — detertboas Hs wml of vadividiccls Se c(hagre. ee fyounide trons te vabekoehip bdbseow la ee ee conch Consalored at — SaCesitve topic fever is tien of Her vuunlor ey) Fg: Parasitic food chat. era eee ae Ong pint Aone heregfeckive of Hat Mire Se conttdone f egal FA exomfle — Phe of tlometi Bel Alp loa : 2, Mpentd meee doasvor desvtlee tre Pichi, of Hn paevaling fa axomfle, Bingh trea oar dada cox Coane ee. yer he “T one angaunlinn Mee getty foser — Fofbistion Producen ion lege "Mo. betice oothec bust, fond. eee a face ~ late, Se eed 5 che feta} omonndh of ogee Gate a Sella te Cloner Ofyponed gee pe bates Mm OM i van ve Meath Pre og Ge ear Pond “Be Prdutew ee sal doandny Bala bienon tg danse ond Ha, value goduill, Rhosw detente oad; Ree Mem nat eee d Pryrerrwcd eeiuterMigeneg tees e Figs & ot Gievnas nd Riga Pyowid 4 Glnsee oe Grarlond an Limitalions + - 1 cack thafluc Level dediedy Mandy Cre, wlidh 4 diolund Ang bests ph cxounfla & ees OE winman dudeg MPring jehe dane i is aasoee ete © g¢ whnidual not tite, thy Cmtidescbie, hove high Kan over 9. bike Afow ie O tpn £ Se” gt ia noting bed a gaathicel roPresectabion of He omental distred fu mit awa of Afferent Getc “Losda . ge olsen apagld Aine tales inh trepuic Lock iu 9 atcous He th orgy tropfed by < ge ait,| eee gowt ine Cx cones oom guetdlond , He quantlads — fap Koen Ee Pads valor aaa a CN Dread fervtod of Ame. simslodly te fond , Ha BeatoMewkto a Portiodey mets THRU and accumllte HC wove traps Han Pa eerie ee of yeaw mE Ei (ele ak muldiplteskiay figs tpenad of Ehtngy — cx atord | OE Rea) the ipl ali Cpomtd, — the trop Gpomid pvede He vols A lee,” Samckions | wk of Goutal Her duet. 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Producers — thed romnaie HEM, fn Anbaatne one Quen algae” Auch, at Chodophora , emernshng dickomy ond agushic noe Pouncniut Consumers? — fe = Consumers Ahow Cokoin prude Kee 0k. allack be firm Aodoathata excsnetl cuckes Oh which Keay Songmeene active. Baim as Pecan OC Some wail Abxoom Lined toed Kite ea re Pledhenad io - that thay Con Pe teen lie we rues Pe oo ae Jeecher — Mary bile, moummnal ok Hooix Pood fxom River ecoays ley eo wackeia , Fog Aichinomy eek hal in daconforing Coat ndpenic Kolantonted en Ke ond eee the. nuke odeailelale OCcom ecosyettin 2— Maljow O Coons, op te wld tactic , Pate, dnote Aaclecegoee aptaacke OUw affroxinctly qo, of the Conti's econystem jn more. Mele thom Srediiete, econ’ + Genwotiy A % Sddution of Of wack anol Ker of all avellatel vmatti, x He y Atm ot Avaface, 4 clemeudy ie Reahacs. . Marine O.0s/% Y Is Sey with Umiyense. Gentes oO toc, Aehue end Soong \aattom » Wala, Cvboint neoaly 4 tek. ae a struckive t= Ricci ce punedtabion of Sualight , o@an fa Qaided bdo Mane Vertical Zones. 1. Phoebe (8) Euphokc zona: at ls affer Lighted zone ofls a defih of about B00 wet 2. aatqdeee mM ema Ahh w hun, 34 tunghcent 4% tholoayathests «St cxtends fh the daPr of 200 -ao0o vty 4s Noyaal vores a ts frat eleva Aero inte onder donee Thre a 4 Producers . choneckrized by BAEC tena Pelagic zone ee ~ ana | Phatic zene Jeon ————EE Aphalic zone | &o0- 2000 mks 000 — 0-000 whi Figt Horizontal od Noted conekian in He ea, pa Oran (8 Adhests Productive cud suppats Voridl Pr Jam Of an Oe Cha tsifieal a, : awh Aen cotagonies 1. Plankton + “There one ditted Pasively dw These do wot heave rmall Bjonisres thet Flot ancl furface vialix by mayer, wind gons of Rocomotiout « one ceo enit, Greews 1g Phuts Plankte Planxtius 4 Foe: Dickens , divoflegllater, algae (Breen, val ) zoo Planking 2x, Proloroaut, Cofefods, Robifers insect Larae A “ Caustateant ackivel, zwimmning amimale founcl tu the dunface A decf webs» Thy hove welll daveb Pa of Jocomitan, Sgorr- they frac rectly on floaktsiu - ex. Ty haha , calle! Aakers, Loge Gialeg, Twrbler, Anater , eals, whales ste Q. Nexln 2 There We en 3. Bewdlas: There one balan dualling ominaly Shat cay oc alllached f the bolfin . Crawl over. Lovo into caine, aittle stay, Sea urdding CreeP about ond Sea Cuttnlorrs wwrrow tate the the loollm «WAL Rea floor + Sfonges - athdred to the — looltom conale , Sea feat strunicatey “ete ore Decamfroni- The vnientore Like bacere od Fongi ackudly Lee Pork siti decay of lead Aganic mmol, ond — Consumers onc vncke Mee Mbgonie ot Produce pees oucilehee sgh tpaeiee Prockuters , bw Es tranine eearytin to dn eatery Proshwate. av Aabteraley Come Fogether ome Oye amyivenmet tate” Exhouvts are a AAR GB) bay (A)ot i home Bresheoalte theg acces be Pinch ape aku Ofem Sea. St id Arnon oftectad by titel ceo ond atthe HUE ion waited with drama, Fm hand drainage River monks 7 Coastal bays, aed vonthas owt bodies of malas Gories. Oakes ane Aone SF the azaleas of Salvpninn meme TS, | Exhany waking On Uy foie *petouse minaal, , oF | Co anh Light en. tm Pedy. t fey scl Nee = oak more Weve action ond, RAMA PRelckow of, wubrteate Bioke component * Pair ae Korey of Pmducrs O) mrocrafletes ex. Seaweads, Sen opens ond ran evtet (a) gewllic anicothy ter @) Phate flowktoy “The we macrothlia cas SParkna , roslira - sphahassia Comsunnes t= hers» Chelod , Seural teimdly of ShatwP one Cofall of. uaviving Palkare comdibong. om Agpntink aa fable om Nn Commential — Afaxk Fak ko fae mecomfoaen: Thur wdlude pactiwa end’ ong , oa. Jirce ackinoms le Fag Po actively ie baoatang veal Bown He Compler dinad dgente 4 (9 Sie a ee copabe. to fate C78 ae Posh Plutus ky J of “sake ag wragglon Chiaki ong sx a SS ont oP age OS loveedlivg Aeazm) ant of Th Raln Qepe eye. coe = CO ia ean C daning forucl 4 epee ek cop ois ls Save Poumnanewtly iw Rahway (bru ethane fs ) Kin, oyete Pacnicle , Solan ete There wld, Ecological Ruccersiow & - Definition + - 4 ehinkow * The — octertnte of nalebuly dafinile Aequonte ch Communities OVA Yorn Parody Hee On Le gesulliug antaldisheneatr — aale GB) chines commana ty collled eologicel & Iie SatCersim Ecological conic | ne ontuly and enduro proam Covanmtunl dope heloitel athe BE commaceil pein dng, «ee Wolter OO loegiwnns ot Tes Qo tresee ee and aeee called 24 ee amd Chavrger we cineca ee ot emdironnek Covdiniod , Hea Pioneer MESS is guceenivly wrolina ond aeadgla Rellowed oy Bic Sheane a os a i of& Commun colleah 04 4 communi ed aie ed rhe wheonedist climax a called seckh& namsitional Commuted je YS penta oF gucanion colled Suc: Suc teriors lorgiivg wy retjtatr eS Pouds . 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