ISSN
0216-7492
Abstract
The most abundant renewable energy source is solar energy which is available in
everywhere. In Indonesia, the potency is estimated of 4.8 kWh/m2/day or 17.28 MJ/m2/day. In
Medan city a potency of 3.54 kWh/m2/day has been measured. On of the most promising
application for solar energy resource is cooking. As known, in developing countries, it is believed
that cooking is the most consuming energy. Research and development on a solar cooker can be
consider as a solution. Here a simple direct box type solar cooker has been designed and
fabricated. The solar cooker was tested by exposing to solar radiation in Medan city, the
o
o
coordinate of the tested spot is 3 35' North and 98 40' East. The main dimensions of the solar
cooker are: absorber of 83.5 cm 83.5 cm and 29.5 cm of height. The load here is water which
was varied from 3 kg, 5 kg and 6 kg. Temperatures, radiation, RH, and wind speed were
recorded with an interval of 1 minute. The results show that temperatures of the absorber can be
o
over of 120 C. Thus it can be used to boil water up to 6 kg. The thermal efficiency of the present
solar cooker is about 20.53. It is suggested to optimize this solar cooker by testing it as a solar
rice cooker and coupling with thermal storage. The main conclusion is that it is possible to
develop simple solar cooker in Indonesian climate.
Keywords: Solar Energi, Solar Cooker, Direct System
I.
Pendahuluan
II.
Perumusan Masalah
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0216-7492
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0216-7492
Q1
Q2
Q3
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0216-7492
Karena
material
terdiri
dari
seng,
4
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0216-7492
di sini
1
1 d
d
d
1
= +
+
+
+
U hi k seng k rockwool k kayu h0
(10)
Dimana, hi = koefisien konveksi di
permukaan dalam (konveksi alamiah
pada plat vertikal) dan dihitung pada sifat
udara di temperatur Ta , h0 = koefisien
konveksi di permukaan luar (konveksi
alamiah pada plat vertikal) dan dihitung
pada sifat udara di temperatur udara luar
1
1 d
d
d
d
1
= +
+
+
+
+
U hi k abs k s k roc k ky h0
(12)
Jika dijabarkan:
(14)
Persamaan-persamaan inilah yang harus
diselesaikan
setiap
menit
untuk
mendapatkan temperatur di ruang solar
box setiap menit.
Efisiensi termal pemasak surya ini
didefenisikan sebagai perbandingan
panas yang dapat dimanfaatkan, yaitu
panas untuk memaskan material yang
dimasak, dengan panas radiasi yang
masuk ke dalam solar box. Secara
matematik, efisiensi ini dirumuskan
dengan persamaan berikut:
th =
V.
Qp
Qrad
(15)
Peralatan Eksperiment
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0216-7492
ISSN
0216-7492
Gambar 4 Temperatur permukaan kaca, benda yang dimasak, dan temperatur plat pada
saat pengujian
ISSN
0216-7492
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