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  • Sarkar Decline of Subaltern Studies

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    ER Balram Yadav
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    20 tayangan14 halaman

    Sarkar Decline of Subaltern Studies

    Diunggah oleh

    ER Balram Yadav
    history

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 14
    Sumit Sarkar, “The Decline of the Subaltem in Subaltern Studies” in his Writing Social History. Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1997, The Decline of the Subaltern in Subaltern Studies ttle may sound provocative, bu a one level it ino more fn description, with no eeesariy pejorative implications Aaa i en sr IT erie ea Fett on cisqus of Wesermeoinial por knowledge, with imritetele ia ire eo a + hae bei sei fiom the comments and ics of ie Aad, uadip Romar Dts Mabad Maran od Tania Suhr ‘onccaing omy count te to cape in vlume va abou Rant CGahs und hating Out a the fan, one by Terence Rane about A, ‘Peon (Saunt Dube) om outed the etl soup ~ wh lee LER'Dand Hardiman on he Dang and Raat Gus hms on nana Tiaaon/dcpting of batera a trouph xia boycott ‘DE OACLINE OFTHE THE SunaLTERN ® with changes in academic (and poitia) moods tht have had a virally global range. ‘Saban Stier emerged inthe early 1980 in a disdent Left hm of orthodox Marist practice and theory the retemion of 2 broad socialist and Marsan horizon. There were obviour affinities with the radical populist moods of the 1960s and 1970s, and specifically with effort {o rte “histones fom below’. The common ground lay in ‘combination of enthusiastic response to popular, usually peasant, ‘ehelions, wth roming disilsionment about organized Let partes, ‘received versions of orthodox Mars deology, and the bureaucratic state structures of ‘actually existing socialism’ In India, specifically, tere wee the embers of abortive Maoist armed struggle in the ‘countryside, the spectacle of one of the wo major Communist Patties supporting an authoritarian repime that was close to the Soviet Unio, and then the hopes biely aroused by the post Emergency letra out of Indira Gandhi. Among hstoriographica influences, that of Bish Maraian socal history was probably the mos signk ficant. Hill, Hobsbawrn and Thompson were mach admired by the younger scholars, and Thompson in particular had a significant Impact when he visited India in the witter of 1976-7 and addresed 2 sesion ofthe Indian History Congress? Ranajit Guha seems to have often used “subaltern’ somewhat inthe way Thompson deployed the term ‘plebeian” in his writings on eightenthcentury England Ta the largely precapitals conditions of colonial India, class form ation was likey to have remained inchoate. ‘Subalern’ would be of help in avoiding the pital of economic reductionitm, while a the ‘in time retaining a necesary emphasis on domination and exploit on) The dial, Thompronian, socal history ofthe 1970s, derpte "asertons to the contrary which are made sometimes nowadays for 2 The paper he peed at ht eon wasp bythe jul the tedan Coal of Historical Reseach olor, Anthropology, ed Social tary, Indian Hara Rein (7 Gt Bm Ape of Pn many Cli Inde (ei 1983) ‘ren ted Thompron wh apron nd the erence gic wee te Why and tanto andthe ayn for’ Fs rin» dence Dipl Chaluabary of the re seis cio im Sea Sati, ome of it fom onodox Marit standpoint pleted for gener opens 10 ale faire aie of Mari’ and rected the bsupenctre meaphor i tens teminicent af Thompaon "nwtaion toe Bulgar’ sn Guta od), Stl Std TV (Debi 98), pp. 363375 Se ao Partha Chater, Mae oF Toner Sone Chsiont in Sal Sant a, ebony 1985 “ ven seta stony polemical purposes, never really became respectable in the eyes of Western academic etablhinent. fis not surpriing, therefore, that the eatly Suton Sais volumes, along with Guha's Elementary Aspects of Pesant Insure) in Coli Ind (1983), were largely ignored in the West, while they arated widespread intrest and (Ebate in Lefteaningintllecwal ccles in Tndia* ‘Things have changed much since then, and today a transformed Subarus owes touch of ts prestige to the acclaim tis receiving from that part of the Wester academe postmodernistic counterer tablshment which s iterested in colonial and postcolonial mates Its succes is fairly obviously related to an ability to move withthe ‘mes With the withering of hopes of radical transformation through popula initiative, conceptions of seamless, all pervasive, virtually Iresistible power-knowedge have tended to displace the evoation| ‘of moment of resistance central the histories rom below ofthe 1960s and 1970s. Domination is conceptualized overwhelmingly in cltuial, discursive terms, 25 the power-knowledge of the post Enlightenment West If tall seen a embodied concretely in insti tons, it tends to get identified uniquely withthe modern bureaucratic rationstate: further search for specific socioeconomic interconnee ‘ons i elt wo be unnecessarily economist, redolent of traces of 2 ‘ow finally defeated Marxism, and hence disreputable ‘Enlighten ‘ment rational thus becomes the central polemical target, and Maraism stands condemned at one more varcty of Eurocentrem. Radical, Lefewing socal history, in other words, hasbeen collapsed ito eulttal stodies and critiques of ealonial discourse, and we have ‘moved from Thompson to Foucault and, even more, Said “The evolution has been recently summed up by Dipesh Chak- rabarey ata shift from the atemp to write “beter” Marist histories to an understanding that's critique of this nature could hatdly afford to ignore the problem of universalism Eurocentizm that wat 4 Thus the October 194 isu of Sil Sosa journal with CPI) Mision, pulsed clecve even eay on Sali Sido Twinn Wf 5 roup of young scholars of Det Ue. A sia reve of voles nd Weare out othe se outa it Mach 96 Gahs and his colle in sigan coma. were ignored by Molen Aion Stab till Roving (anon Recneing the Subject Subd Staiesad Hore of Ren tance Colona South As (2, 1980, snd the Footnote hace ‘lei demomat ht the tal eae around te poet ha Benen ‘win South Asn Wenn duction and sein bw prolferted ne then Srhin fda, in coat thee bas been » ely deative alton, bt othing remote eel he cel epagemet of the ea Ye. Te DECLINE OF DHE Te sb TERN as ea ee aa lead to ange thatthe taectoy that bos tees ine ‘hat has een outlined i sda pecion nd fanny Chakeban hte ng in both academic and poiial tans, Esplantions oe Sf tepatos io changed Greumsens or oat inca Se tte fone of ane oa co les ‘exteral rein, hugh acer on con tual ties and implicit ter wa frome {lambs amplicons ihn the poe fe 1 eh the yy of Sen dn ef ice mn eer, ea Betas from the enormous condescension of recent adherents ike efit de ce ie mn artatime y o Fore toc yer CSc ee iil miele ara alt ene re Si et QO) co get Si otc cream henna a ca te tn ch mage eee Sen a oem ce cua Siem Sake pooner me Querbon of Diference in Pabgraph 6/7, 1993. aa eh i OE he wn oe ee a cere ain neonates cn Otte ey (Seer pl Seemed Cepek at ase dee rs ‘WRITING SOCIAL HISTORY and 2s idealistic or charismatic in national, historiography. Studies (of peusant and labour movements, similarly, had concentated on economic conditions and Left organizational and ideological inesges- ‘The new tend would seck to explore the neglected dimension of | popular of rubstern autonomy inaction, consciousness and eure Sbler Si roms beginnings was elt by many, with some justice, tbe somewhat too dismissive sbout predecessors and con ‘emporaries working on not entiey dsimile lines and the elaims of setting up 2 new ‘paradigm’ were certainly ovr flamboyant. Yet, 2 new theoreal ~ or atleast polemical ~ clarity was added t0 ‘Sngoing effons 2 exploring histories fom below, along with much ‘empirical work at once solid and exciting. This Ranait Guha's Siulyss of specific themes and movements the role of uous, the interelatonships and ditnctons beeween crime and insurgency, for aspects ofthe Santal rebellion and the 1857 upheaval, to ite + few stay examples ~ were appreciated by many wha could not accept «overall famework of Elementary Apate. The publications ofthe Suhate Studs group, within, outside, and in some eases before the onstiation of the project, helped to significanily modify the hi toriogrphy of anticolonial nationalism through 3 common inital cauphass on ‘presuter from below’. One thinks, for instance, of David Hardiman’s pioneering exploration ofthe pessan aationalits ‘of Gujarat through hie meuculour collection of vilagelevel data, GGyanendea Pandey’ argument about an inverse relationship berween the stength of local Congress organization and peasant militancy in Ucar Pradesh, and Shahid Amin analysis of emours concerning this mizacle working powers tan entry point ino the proces ‘fan autonomous popular appropriation of messages from nation- tliat leaders” Reioterpeetations of mainstream nationalism apart daa ‘Goes Noth das Te Unie Prnen 1918-2 (New Bel, 178. ity Ppa Menon ad Mada Lede Lat Ca ne Pens sed Pps of «try fom Bow (Cet 198), dated bore he ‘ubleaton of heft me of Seen Sd | amptel clog of Evalabervatchmaeal lev fr suc ads. 9) And the cue {oul to mech ey Sel Sd of molt levers 3 orton ‘ten estaning mitant nam nates, ad been ge common nse ind ‘et Marat wing. ut noubl i RP. Dut nd Ty (Bombay, 1947). * Ound Hainan, Pawn! Aetoalin of Gent Kise Di 1917 34 (Da 191Y Gyanenda Pandey, ede fe Congas on Unter Pade '26-34(Dehi, 1978) Shai Amin, Gand m Mat: Gortpor Distt, THE DECLINE OF THE THE sual ” our hon and efor to ene aren more ihe oe ea er ara i ee Se ‘kind could seem repetitive, conveyir ann ap pated comic adding of deta 1a contr the asl wiople ene I, ct he ee aa ih satay tye a en icc nee meagre ah i ‘cost more than a century of colonial rule and ove coe dene Tce al eden sc ee etd Spe iuugaring tty wha hos wbqeniy eons sana Ei men he ap ‘taten. Chater claimed that when's community sce ole Fae UE. 12, Staton Sadi 198) My Mado hy sa. ‘oe! nue he nen Suda pn — relied ian gar nh a i cea Secu ein the Bhopor 7 abt Se Bho The Metaiy of Sebati: Ratna ne ae nei Kantanama or Rodhar' Soar a vena soca TORY etn i ret he se pans i Sr Pas EER Seat tate dno Sie Soh ht sos set scm eae tc ‘repos ak ccna eee Pe Se ye lth at nn

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